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VietnamEnergySituationenergypedia.info

VietnamEnergySituation
Fromenergypedia.info

Vietnam

Contents
1Introduction
2GeneralOverviewofVietNam'sEnergySituation
3GovernanceandMarketStructure
4RenewableEnergiesinVietNam
4.1WindPower
4.2Bioenergy
4.3SolarPower
5TransmissionandDistributionSystem

Capital

Hanoi

Region

EastAsia&Pacific

Coordinates

21.0333N,
105.8500E

TotalArea(km)

330,972

Population

91,703,800(2015)

6LegalDocuments
7Events
8References

RuralPopulation(%oftotal 66(2015)
population)
GDP(currentUS$)

193,599,379,094.86
(2015)

GDPPerCapita(current
US$)

2,111.14(2015)

AccesstoElectricity(%of
population)

99.00(2015)

EnergyImportsNet(%of
energyuse)

15.60(2013)

FossilFuelEnergy
Consumption(%oftotal)

66.24(2013)

Source:WorldBank
(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator)

AdditionalInformationonEnergypedia
SolarEnergy
Icon
solar.png
https://energypedia.info/wiki/Vietnam_Energy_Situation

WindEnergy

Bioenergy

Hydro

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SolarEnergyCountry

StandardizedPower

BuildingViable

ProjectAppraisal

AnalysisVietnam

PurchaseAgreement

DomesticBiogas

Documenton

(SPPA)forGrid

Programmes:Success

ProposedLoantothe

connectedWind

FactorsinSector

SocialistRepublicof

PowerProject

Development

VietnamfortheTrung

WindEnergyCountry

ProductiveBiogas:

SonHydropower

AnalysisVietnam

CurrentandFuture

Project

Development

TypicalRegulations

WoodyBiomassFor

fortheInstallationand

EnergyGenerationin

OperationofSmall

Vietnam

HydroPowerPlants

FurtherResults

EnergyUse

Grid

ProductiveBiogas:

Offgrid

Others
ASEANGuidelineon

CurrentandFuture

Opportunitiesand

RenewableEnergy

Development

ChallengesinVietnam

SupportMechanisms

WoodyBiomassFor

StandardizedPower

forBankableProjects

EnergyGenerationin

PurchaseAgreement

India,SriLankaand

Vietnam

(SPPA)forGrid

Vietnam:SELCO

connectedWind

ProjectAppraisal

PowerProject

Documenton

ProjectAppraisal

ProposedLoantothe

Documenton

SocialistRepublicof

ProposedLoantothe

VietnamfortheTrung

SocialistRepublicof

SonHydropower

VietnamfortheTrung

Project

SonHydropower
Project

(SHPP)

Conference
Documentationand
Databases
Currentlytherearenoarticles
underthisheading.

FurtherResults

FilesonEnergypedia
SolarEnergy

WindEnergy

Bioenergy

Hydro

Currentlytherearenofiles

08Sep2014

Currentlytherearenofiles

underthisheading.

BiomassBusiness

underthisheading.

OpportunitiesinVietnam.pdf
08Sep2014

WoodyBiomassForEnergy
GenerationinVietnam.pdf
FurtherResults

Introduction
Duringthelast25yearsVietNamseconomicgrowthreachedmorethan6%eachyear.Atthesametime,theenergydemand
increasedalmosttwiceasfastastheGDP.Withanexpectedcontinuousincreaseofenergydemandinthenextyears,Viet
Namsenergysectorwillhavetofacemanychallenges,suchaslimiteddomesticfossilressources,airpollutionandclimate
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change,causingamongstotherthingswaterscarcity.VietNamhasbeenrankedamongthefivecountries,thatwillbemost
affectedbyclimatechange. [1]Anotherissueisthecountry'sunreliablepowersupply,especiallyinruralareas.Inordertoface
thesechallenges,legislativeconditionshavetobeadoptedandtheframeworkconditionsforinvestmentshavetobereformed
tostrengthenforeigninvestmentsandeventuallystimulatetheexpansionofrenewableenergygenerationcapacity.
FurtherinformationaboutVietNamsee:AllarticlesaboutVietNamonenergypedia
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GeneralOverviewofVietNam'sEnergySituation
AreliablepowersupplyisanimportantrequirementforanemergingmarketlikeVietNam.Bytheendof2014,34GW
generationcapacitywasinstalledinthecountry,producingaround146TWhelectricity.AssumptionsofthePowerDevelopment
PlanVII(PDPVII)predictanoverallpowerdemandincreasebyafactorofalmost2.4inthenext5years,reachingademand
of350TWhin2020,withaninstalledcapacityof75GW.AccordingtothePDP,coalpowerplantswillmainlycontributetothe
essentialcapacityexpansion,surpassinghydropowerasprimaryresourceforelectricitygeneration.
Currently,thepowerproductionisstilldominatedbyhydropowerwithashareof41%inelectricitygeneration,followedby
naturalgaswith31%andcoalwith26%.Duetolimiteddomesticcoalandgasresources,VietNamsfossilimportdependency
willincrease.Exceptforhydropower,marketsforrenewableenergiessuchasforwindandsolarpowerareinaveryearlystage
ofdevelopment.Knowledgeandreliableinformationaboutprojectdevelopmentorregulativeprocessesisverylimited. [2]
Fig.1:ElectricityProductionandInstalledCapacity2014byGenerationTechnology

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GovernanceandMarketStructure

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TheVietnameseelectricitymarketismonopolistic,dominatedbythestateownedenterpriseEVN,whichissupervisedbythe
MinistryofIndustryandTrade(MoIT).Inthegenerationmarket,EVNissinglebuyerandpowertransmissionanddistribution
systemsareexclusivelyoperatedbysubsidiarycompaniesoftheutility.However,thegoalofthegovernmentistodevelopa
competitionbasedgeneration,wholesaleandretailmarketuntil2023,inparticularinordertoattractprivateandforeign
investmentsintheenergysector.Theaverageelectricitysellingpricecontinuouslyincreasedinthelastyears,butwith1622
VND/kWh(incl.VATapprox.7.5USCent/kWh)itisstilltoolowtofinanceoverallelectricitygenerationcosts.EVNoperatedat
adeficitof790millionUS$in2014. [3]
Fig.2:InstitutionalFrameworkoftheElectricitySector

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RenewableEnergiesinVietNam
In2014,renewableenergies(includinghydropower)contributedwith41%toVietNamselectricitydemand,butthissharewas
almostexclusivelyaccountedforbyhydropower.AccordingtotheMoITSmallHydropower(SHP)canstillbeexpanded,butin
generalVietNamshydropowerpotentialisnearlyexploited.Incontrast,wind,solarandbiomassexpansionpotentialsarehigh
andtoagreatextentuntapped.InthePDPVII,expansiontargetsforrenewableenergygenerationcapacitiesaresetuntil
2030asshowninthefigurebelow. [2]
Fig.3:RenewablesCapacityTargetsuntil2030(accordingtoPDPVII)

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VietnamPowerSourceCapacityTargets2014new.png

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WindPower
AlthoughpotentialforwindpowerdevelopmentinVietnamishigh,only52MWhavebeenputintooperationupuntilnow.
Whilemanyprojectsareintheplanningphase,theyfacesubstantialmarketbarriers,suchasdeficientwindmeasurementdata
reliabilityandalowfeedintariffforwindenergyofonly7.8Ct/kWh.
FurtherinformationareprovidedonWindEnergyCountryAnalysisVietnam.(PageupdateplannedforJune2015)
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Bioenergy
AccordingtothePDP7abioenergygenerationcapacityof500MWwillbeinstalleduntil2020.Thelargestregionalfeedstock
potentialislocatedintheMekongdeltaregion.Feedintariffsforelectricitycogenerationandmunicipalsolidwasteprojects
arealreadyestablished,butprojectsaremostlyinanearlyplanningphase.Itisassumedthatthesupportmechanismand
frameworkconditionshavetobeadoptedandexpandedonfurtherapplicationsandfeedstockinordertostrengthenbiomass
powerdeploymentinVietNam.
Fig.5:TheoreticalPotentialofPowerfromBiomassinVietNam

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SolarPower
Ingeneral,VietNamcanbeconsideredasacountrywithhighsolarenergypotential.Thesolarresourcesarecomparableto
countrieslikeItaly,Spain,andCaliforniaorstayingintheregionChinaorThailand.However,thecurrentVietnamesesolar
PVmarketisestimatedtobeonlyaround5MWp,with80%offgridapplicationsinruralareas.
Solarenergyisnotyetintegratedintopoliticalenergydevelopmentstrategies,suchasthenationalPowerDevelopmentPlan
(PDP).However,solarenergywillpossiblybeincludedintherevisionofthePDPVII.Accordingtopressreleases,larger
groundmountedPVsystemsareunderdevelopment.
FurtherinformationareprovidedonSolarEnergyCountryAnalysisVietnam.
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TransmissionandDistributionSystem
Thenationaltransmissionanddistributiongridhastobeextendedinsynchronizationwithincreasingpowerdemandand
generationcapacityinordertoreducepoweroutages,lossesandincreasethequalityofsupply.Duringtheperiodof20142020
aninvestmentvolumeofaround12.4billionUS$isestimatedtobeneededforexpansion.VietNamsruralelectrificationrate
was97.3%bytheendof2013.Thegovernmentaimsat100%by2020.AccordingtothePDP7VietNamwantstoimplement
acooperationandconnectivityprogramwithneighbouringcountriesandMekongsubregionpowergrids.Highvoltageline
connectionswithLaos,CambodiaandChinaalreadyexist.

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IntermsofpowerreliabilityVietNamiscurrentlyranked113outof144countries. [4]Inruralareas,powershortagesand
blackouts,lastinglongerthan5minoccurredaround20timesperyearin2013. [5]
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LegalDocuments
ThereareanumberoflegaldocumentsrelevantfortheimplementationofRenewableEnergyprojectsinVietNam.Someof
thesedocumentsarelistedbelow:
ThePrimeMinistersDecisionNo.1208/QDTT,ApprovingTheNationalMasterPlanforPowerDevelopmentinThe2011
2020Period,WithConsiderationsto2030,LegalDocument,Hanoi,21July2011
ThePrimeMinistersDecisionNo.63/2013/QDTTg,Providingfortheroadmaps,conditionsandstructureandlevelof
electricitymarketinVietnam,LegalDocument,Hanoi,8November2011
ThePrimeMinistersDecisionNo.37/2011/QDTTg,TheMechanismSupportingtheDevelopmentofWindProjectin
Vietnam,LegalDocument,Hanoi,29June2011.
TheMinistryofIndustryandTradesCircularNo.06/2013/TTBCT,RegulationonContent,Order,Proceduresfor
Formulation,AppraisingandApprovingWindPowerDevelopmentPlanning,LegalDocument,Hanoi,08March2013
TheGovernmentsDecisionNo.24/2014/QDTTg,OnSupportMechanismforDevelopmentofBiomassPowerProjectsin
Vietnam,LegalDocument,Hanoi,24March2014
TheMinistryofIndustryandTradesCircularNo.31/2011/TTBCT,ProvidingforTheAdjustmentofElectricitySalePrices
AccordingtoBasicInputParameters,LegalDocument,Hanoi,24March2014
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Events
TVSDVietnamWindEnergyWorkshopStatus,Forecast,ChallengesanditsRelevancetoVietnam
Date:2ndJune2015
Venue:TheVissaiSaigonHotel,144NguyenVanTroiStreet,Ward8,PhuNhuanDistrict,HoChiMinhCity
Application:by29thMay2015toloi.dang@tuvsud.vn(mailto:loi.dang@tuvsud.vn)
WindenergyinVietnamNewchancesbyanewfeedintariff
Date:Tuesday30thJuly2015
Venue:GIZReprsentanz,Reichpietschufer20,10785Berlin,Germany
Application:by16thjulybyemailtopepsuedostasien@giz.de
TheeventlocatedinBerlin(Germany)isaddressingframeworkconditionsandprojectpossibilitiesforwindenergyinVietnam.
Theparticipationisforfree.EventlanguagewillbeGerman,EnglishandVietnamese(simultaneoustranslation).

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References
1.Dara(2012):ClimateVulnerabilityMonitor2nd.http://daraint.org/climatevulnerabilitymonitor/climatevulnerability
monitor2012/countryprofile/?country=Vietnam
2. 2.0 2.1PDPVII:PrimeMinisterdecisionNo.1208/QDTTg.
http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/VietnamPowerDevelopmentPlan2030.pdf?_=1333146022
3.Vietnamnews.vn(2015):VietNamNews.EVNreportsloss$789.6milionin2014.Onlineartikelvom14.Januar2015
verfgbarunter:http://vietnamnews.vn/economy/265192/evnreportslossof7896millionin2014.html(zuletztabgerufen
am4.April2015).
4.WorldEconomicForum(2012)TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport20122013,Geneva.
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_201213.pdf
5.AsianDevelopmentBank(2014)SectorAssessment(Summary):Energy.http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked
documents/46391001ssa.pdf

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