STATE UNIVERSITY OF TETOVO

FACULTY OF SCIENCE PROGRAM

STUDYING
GEODESY AND GEOINFORMATION
SEMINAR PAPER
SUBJECT
ENGLISH
THEMES : Coordinate System and Quotes
Student

Teacher

Ferdian Ademi

Lindita Ademi

3.KADRI SADRIJA
Veton Hemza
Tetov,2016
1

Coordinate System and Quotes

One of the tasks of geodesy is to determine the location of points.
Position coordinates of points determined by the relevant, which
can be expressed in angular units , longitudinal or combined,
therefore they are called spherical , orthogonal and polar
Determination of the position of points can be absolute,
when referring to a single system or raltivcoordinate when
referring to points of whatever. Spherical coordinate systems and
geodesy treated in SPHERICAL case, therefore below we will treat
orthogonaland polar coordinate system.

Orthogonal System- point to determine the position of the

plane through the parameters x and y. In geodesy the backbone
of the central meridian accepted abscissa corresponding
projection area of use,while ordinate axis taken towards

terrestrial equator

Polar Coordinate System- Used to determine the

position of the points in the plane by means of the parameters
and L. represents the peak horizontal angle in the polar point O,
by guiding the direction towards the point required to determine
A. The parameter L represents the horizontal distance from point
O to point A.In this combined system is a necessary condition
coordinate, O points of the pole that is fully defined in the
coordinate plane.

Polar coordinate mainly used in surveying trigonometric,for

determining the position of points during the plan details, process
of creating topographical plans.

Geographic Coordinate- It is the oldest coordinate system

and used to determine the position of points on the earthly realm.
Coordinates expressed in angular units with and parameters .
Geographical coordinates of points determined by astronomical
observations. These coordinates are associated with large errors.
Speaking in angular units hinder their use for solving technical
tasks.
Rectangular coordinates Space - coordinate system origin is at the
center of the ellipsoid and used to determine the spatial position
of the point with rectangular coordinates.

And finally it Geodesic coordinates - Coordinates

system and is used to determine the points on the ellipsoid
positioning ground. The coordinates are expressed in angular
units. Geodesic coordinate system and used for the fair solution to
the surface of the ellipsoid duties, particularly in the preparation
of topographic maps where, like frames of these maps serve bows
meridians and parallels.

Quotes- A point on the surface of the earth completely

determined if fighting not only recognized her
coordinates, but also the relevant quotes.

curvilinear

Quota called distance from the reference point, the direction

perpendicular to the line. In our country quotas Zero points
referred to the level of the Adriatic Sea, so they are considered
height orthometric. Quotes of the points can be absolute, as they
are calculated by reference sea level (based on the state leveling
network) and relative quotas refer to any other level.
Elevation between points on the earth's surface, depending on
the accuracy required and the degree of refraction of the terrain,
can be determined by various methods, the most important
being:
-Trigonometric leveling
-Geometric leveling
-Barometriclevelin