TCVN 7441 : 2004

TCVN

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7441 : 2004

Xut bn ln 1

H THNG CUNG CP KH DU M
HA LNG (LPG) TI NI TIU TH YU CU THIT K, LP T V VN HNH

Liquefied Petro gas (LGP) Compounds at Consumption Ends

Requirements in Design, Installanton.

TCVN 7441 : 2004

H NI 2004

H thng cung cp kh du m ho lng (LPG) ti ni tiu

th - Yu cu thit k, lp t v vn hnh
Liquefied Petro gas (LGP) Compounds at Consumption Ends - -Requirements in Design,
Installanton.

Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun ny qui inh cc yu cu v thit k, lp t v vn hnh i vi h thng cung cp

kh du m ho lng (LGP) ti ni tiu th c tng sc cha trong bnh hoc / v bn n 270 m3.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho:
a) Kho cha LPG u mi;
b) Nh my hoc trm sn xut hn hp LPG v khng kh;
c) Cc kho LPG lnh v na lnh;
d) Trm cp LPG cho t;
e) Trm chit np bnh gas.
2

Ti liu vin dn

TCVN 5684 : 2003, An ton chy cc cng trnh du m v sn phm du m - Yu cu chung.

TCVN 6153 : 1996, Chai chu p lc Yu cu an ton trong thit k, ch to.
TCVN 6154 : 1996, Chai chu p lc Yu cu an ton trong thit k, ch to Phuong php th.
TCVN 6304 : 1997, Chai cha kh ho lng - Yu cu an ton trong bo qun, xp d v vn
chuyn.
2

TCVN 7441 : 2004

TCVN 6486 : 1999, Kh t ho lng (LPG ) - Tn cha di p sut V tr, thit k, dung
lng v lp t.
NFPA 58 : 2001, standard for the storage and handing of Liquefield Petroleum Gases (Tiu chun
v tn cha v bo qun kh du m ho lng ca hip hi phng chy cha chy Hoa K).
ANSI 251, Standard Methods of Test of Fire Endurance of Building Constructon and Materials
(Tiu chun v phng php th bn chu la ca cng trnh xy dng v vt liu xy dng).
3

Thut ng v nh ngha

Trong tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau:

3.1
p sut LPG (LPG pressure)
- p sut cao: ln hn 0,1 MPa (1 KG/cm2 )
- p sut trung bnh : ln hn 0,003 MPa n 0,1 MPa (ln hn 0,03 KG/ cm2 n 1 KG/cm2).
- p sut thp : nh hn hoc bng 0,003 MPa (0,03 KG/ cm2 ).
3.2
By gi LPG (LPG trap)
kt cu ngn LPG r r pht tn vo h thng thot nc.
3.3
Bn xut nhp xe bn (tanker trap)
Khu vc trong kho bn LPG , ti y xe bn c trong qu trnh nhp xut LPG.
3.4
Chai cha (cylinder)
Chai cha LPG l chai d di chuyn, c dung tch cha nc n 0,15 m3.
3.5
Bn cha ( bulk tank )
Dng cha LPG c dung tch cha nc ln hn 0,45 m3.
3.6
Bn di t (underground tank)
Bn cha c chn di t v c bao ph bng ct hoc t.
3

TCVN 7441 : 2004

3.7
Bn lp t (mounded tank)
Bn c t trn mt t v c bao ph bng ct hoc t.
3.8
Bn trn mt t ( above ground tank)
Bn cha c t ni trn mt t hoc ct.
3.9
C bn cht an ton (intrically safe)
Tnh cht an ton ca h thng in lp t trong vng nguy him: Khng ch, hn ch tch in,
r in. Khi b t dy, chp in cng khng th pht sinh tia la in v khng gy chy n. Vi
cc mch in s dng in iu khin mt chiu c in th nh hn 12V c th c s dng
trong vng nguy him khng yu cu phng n.
3.10
Cng vic sinh nhit ( Hot work )
Nhng cng vic s dng hoc pht ngn la trn, tia lahoc cc thit b sinh nhit. Khng
bao gm cc cng vic v dung c c khng ch nhit di 100 0c
3.11
C quan c thm quyn (competent authority)
Cquan c t cch php nhn c nh nc Vit Nam giao thm quyn v vic p dng cc
yu cu ca tiu chun v qui nh ca Nh nc c lin quan n h thng cung cp kh du m
ho lng ni tiu th.
3.12
Dung tch cha nc (water capacity)
Dung tch nc tnh theo n v th tch 15,6 oC khi np y hon ton vo mt thit b cha.
3.13
iu p (pressure regulator)
Thit b gim p sut ca LPG hi trong ng ng t p sut cao n p sut thp.
3.14
iu p cp 1 (primary pressure regulator)
4

TCVN 7441 : 2004

iu p chnh gim p sut LPG hi t p sut cao trong bn hoc cc chai cha xung p sut
trung bnh.
3.15
iu p cp 2 (secondary pressure regulator)
iu p c lp t trn h thng LPG c p sut trung bnh v iu chnh gim p sut cung
cp hi LPG p sut thp ti ni tiu th.
3.16
ui hi lm sch (puring)
ui hi LPG cn trong h thng LPG bng kh tr trc khi sa cha, hoc ui khng kh
bng kh tr trc khi np LPG vo h thng.
3.17
ng bao quanh (installation boundary)
ng bao quanh ca kho cha LPG .
3.18
H thng ng ng (piping sysmtem)
H thng bao gm cc ng ng , van dn LPG dng lng hoc dng hi di p sut
khc nhau t im ny ti im khc.
3.19
H thng LPG (LPG compound)
Bao gm kho tn cha LPG trong bn hoc chai, cc my ho hi, cc van iu p, h thng
ng ng v bn xut nhp xe bn.
3.20
H thng ng gp (manifold system)
H thng gm c cc ng mn ni van cc chai LPG vi ng ng chnh, k c cc p k, van,
van an ton, b o chiu cho hai dy chai
3.21
Kho cha chai (cylinder store)
-

Kho cha cc chai c lin kt bng ng (Piped-cylindewr store): Kho cha cc chai c
ni vi nhau qua h thng ng gp.

TCVN 7441 : 2004

-

Kho cha chai d phng (Standby cylinder store): Kho cha cc chai c ni vi nhau d
phng khi s dng.

3.22
Kh du m ho lng LPG (liquefied Petroleum Gas)
Kh du ho lng l hn hp hydrocacbon gm ch yu l butan (C4H10) v propan (C3H8). Thnh
phn hn hp trn chim t nht 95% khi lng.
CH THCH: Kh du m ho lng (LPG ) c gi l kh t ho lng (LPG ) trong cc tiu
chun Vit Nam ban hnh trc nm 2004.
3.32
My ho hi (vaporiser)
Thit b c s dng cung cp nhit lm ho hi LPG .
3.33
My ho hi phng n (flameproof vaporiser)
My ho hi c cc b phn in c ch to theo kiu phng n.
3.34
Ngi c thm quyn/ c chng nhn (competent person)
Ngi thuc c quan qun l nh nc, c chc trch, c trnh c qua o to, c kinh
nghim thc t thc hin, theo di, kim tra cp chng ch chng nhn cho h thng lp
t, kim tra, chy th v bo dng thit b.
3.35
Ngun gy chy (source of ignition)
Vt liu, my mc, thit b khi s dng hoc hot ng c kh nng sinh nhit hoc tia la khi tip
xc vi mi trng c hn hp kh d chy.
3.36
Ni tiu th LPG (consumption ends)
Ni s dng LPG lm nhin liu.
3.37
Van iu lng (excess-flow valve)
Thit b ng ng cp LPG lng hoc hi khi lu lng dng LPG vt qu mc cho php.
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TCVN 7441 : 2004

3.38
Van ngt khn cp (emergency shut-off valve)
Van c c cu ng nhanh bng tay hoc/ v kt hp t ng ngt ngun cung cp LPG trong
trng hp khn cp.
3.39
Vng an ton (non-hazardous area)
Vng trong khng c hn hp kh d chy khng th t n gii hn gy chy. Vng ny khng
i hi phi c cc bin php c bit khi xy dng, khi lp t v s dng cc thit b in.
3.40
Vng trng (sterile area)
Vng thong cch li xung quanh kho LPG .
3.41
Vng nguy him(hazardous area)
Vng m ti hn hp LPG v khng kh c kh nng gy chy.
3.42
Xe bn (road tanker)
Xe chuyn dng c thit k v lp t chuyn ch LPG .
3.43
Chiu dy tnh ton ca bn cha
Chiu dy c tnh da trn cc thng s k thut cho bn cha m bo bn khi vn
hnh lu di ph ti quy nh.

4 Yu cu thit k
4.1

V tr h thng tn cha LPG

4.1.1 H thng tn cha s dng bn

4.1.1.1
4.1.1.1.1

Yu cu chung
Thit k kho bn cha LPG theo TCVN 6486 :1999.

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.1.1.1.2

Kho cha LPG phi c thit k sao cho LPG phn tn d dng khi xy ra s c r r,

gim ti mc thp nht nguy c tch t LPG r r v bt chy trc khi phn tn hoc pha long vo
khng kh.
4.1.1.1.3

Nn ca kho cha LPG phi bng phng khi LPG thot ra khng tch t li.

4.1.1.1.4

La chn v tr cho kho cha LPG phi c xc nh thng qua nghin cu nh gi

mc nguy him v phi c tho thun vi c quan qun l c thm quyn.

4.1.1.2

Hng ro kho cha LPG

4.1.1.2.1

Cc hng mc chnh nh bn cha, ng ng , my ho hi phi c bao quanh

bng hng ro. i vi cc khu cng nghip, ni khng b tr c hng ro, cc hng mc chnh
phi nm trong hng ro ranh gii ca nh my.
4.1.1.2.2

Van ng khn cp phi c nhn hiu trn van v c lp t v tr d tip cn t bn

ngoi hng ro khi xy ra s c khn cp, phi c bin php ngn nga khng cho nhng ngi
khng c nhim v s dng.
4.1.1.2.3

Cc hng mc t trong khu vc c nguy c b h hi do phng tin qua li gy ra phi

c bo v bng cc thit b an ton nh ro chn, ct st, ct b tng chng va. Cc thit b an

ton ny phi khng lm nh hng ti thng thong ca kho cha LPG .
4.1.1.2.4

Ti li vo dnh cho xe bn, phi c bin bo hn ch tc .

4.1.1.2.5

Bin cnh bo v ch dn bng ting vit phi c gn trn tng hoc hng ro ni li

vo. Kch thc ca cc ch trn bin hiu (v d nh :cm ht thuc,LPG d chy , kho cha
LPG ) phi c chiu cao ti thiu l 120mm.
4.1.1.2.6

Bn ngoi hng ro ti kho cha LPG phi c khong trng rng nht 0,5 m st vi hng

ro, c b tng v c nh du bng ng k mu vng trn nn d nhn bit. Phn

khong trng ny nhn vin gim st i li v theo di hot ng ca h.
4.1.1.3
4.1.1.3.1

V tr lp t bn cha LPG
V tr lp t vo khong phn cch gia cc bn v t bn n cc cng trnh xung

quanh p dng theo TCVN 6486 : 1999 v cc quy nh di y.

4.1.1.3.2

Khong cch t bn cha LPG ti bt k bn cha hoc tng chn ca bn cha cht

lng d chy c im bt chy di 65 oC khng c nh hn 7 m.

4.1.1.3.3

Khng c t bn cha LPG trong cc tng hm.

4.1.1.3.4

Khong cch gia bn cha LPG v hng ro ranh gii ca kho cha LPG phi khng

nh hn 1,5 m. Khoang cha bn di t phi nm trong phm vi kho cha.

8

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.1.1.4

Bn xut nhp xe bn

4.1.1.4.1

Khu vc bn xut nhp xe bn phi c nh du r v khng cho ngi qua li khi

xut nhp LPG.

4.1.1.4.2

Bn xe bn phi c thit k sao cho kh nng thot nc ma v nc cu

ho. Nu h thng thot nc ny ni vi ng thot nc cng cng th phi c by LPG

ngn LPG thot ra ng thot nc cng cng. Xem thit k dng c bn ca by gi LPG ti
Ph lc A.
4.1.1.4.3

Bt k cng trnh no hay hng ro dng ln xung quanh bn xut nhp xe bn u phi

thng thong phn tn LPG khi r r.

4.1.1.4.4
4.1.1.5
4.1.1.5.1

Khi xut nhp LPG, xe hng ra ng chnh khng b cn tr khi s tn khn cp

Hng nhp LPG :
Hng nhp LPG t gn bn cha LPG cng tt nhng khng c t trong khoang

cha van chn ca bn di t.

4.1.1.5.2

Hng nhp LPG ni di phi nm trong phm vi kho cha LPG hoc nm trong hng ro

ranh gii ca nh my trong khu cng nghip, c bo v trnh va chm vi xe bn bng cch s
dng cc ct st, ct b tng, ro chn, ch bo v chng va chm khi xe li.
4.1.1.5.3
4.1.2
4.1.2 .1
4.1.2.1.1

Phi c bin bo hiu v tr bn xut nhp xe bn .

H thng tn cha s dng chai
Yu cu chung
Ni t cc kho cha chai phi m bo thng thong, thun tin cho vic thay th chai

v d tip cn trong trng hp khn cp. Mt tin ca kho cha phi bng phng, khng pht ra
tia la khi va chm.
4.1.2.1.2

Sc ti a cho php ca kho cha chai l 1000 kg. cc chai cha c xem nh l

ng y LPG bt k lng LPG thc t trong chai.

4.1.2.1.3

Cc quy nh v bin hiu cnh bo, bin ch dn trong trng hp khn cp p dng

theo 4.1.1.2.4.
4.1.2.1.4

Trong phm vi 3 MPa khng dt cc rnh thot nc trn nn kho cha chai hoc trong

khu vc lin k vi kho cha chai. Nu khng th trnh c vic t cc rnh thot nc trong
khu vc ny thi khe h, l hng phi c dy kn hoc bt kn.

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.1.2.1.5

Kho cha chai phi c t trn mt t ngoi nh dn dng, cng nghip nu sc

cha ca kho ln hn 700 kg. Ch c t trong nh dn dng cng nghip khi sc cha di
700 kg v phi m bo thng gi v an ton phng chng chy n.
4.1.2.1.6

Vic b tr sp xp cc chai cha trong kho d phng, khng lin tip vi h thng

ng ng tun theo TCVN 6304 : 1997.

4.1.2.1.7

Vic lp t cc thit b phi tun theo cc yu cu ca 5.2.

4.1.2.1.8

Kho cha chai ngoi nh dn dng, cng nghip phi cch bit vi cc to nh khc

hoc hng ro ranh gii ca cng trnh bn cnh theo khong phn cch c a ra Bng 1.
i vi kho cha trong nh dn dng cng nghip th phi c ngn cch bng tng ngn chy
khng c thng, c gii hn chu la t nht 150 pht.
Bng 1 - Khong cch ti thiu p dng cho kho cha chai

Sc cha ca kho

(1)

(2)

Di 400 kg

1m

T 400 n 1000 kg

3m

1m

Trong :
1)

Khong cch ti thiu t hng ro ranh gii ca nh my / to nh hoc ngun pht

la c nh n chai cha gn nht (p dng trong trng hp khng c tng ngn
chy ).

2)

Khong cch ti thiu t hng ro ranh gii ca nh my / to nh hoc ngun pht

la c nh n tng ngn chy (xem chi tit v tng ngn chy 4.1.3)

4.1.2.1.9

Li vo khu vc tn cha chai phi c b tr hp l. Kho cha chai phi c bao

quanh bi tng chn hoc hng ro thong c chiu cao t nht 1,8 m. Phi c t nht 2 li ra vo
c b tr phn tn, nu khong cch t bt c im no trong kho cha ti li ra vo ln hn
12m. Cc cnh cng phi m ra ngoi, khng gy cn tr li ra. Khng c dng kho t ng
cho cng ra vo v cng phi c b tr hp l thot him d dng trong mi trng hp.
4.1.2.1.10 Kho cha cc chai c h thng ng gp phi c t trong nh c mi che lm bng
vt liu khng chy.

10

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.1.2.1.11 Chai cha ch c s dng cha LPG v phi cch xa chai cha cc cht nguy
him khc mt khong cch khng nh hn nh sau:
a)

Chai cha kh nn (tr cc bnh cu ho )

3m

b)

Chai axetylen

3m

c)

Bn cha cht lng d chy

3m

d)

Cht c, cht n mn, cht d chy

3m

e)

Oxy lng 7,5 m

4.1.2.1.12

Kho cha chai trong nh phi c xy vng chc, cch bit vi cc phn khc ca

to nh (ngoi tr phng t my ho hi ) bng tng chn, trn, nn khng c l thng, c gii

hn chu la t nht 150 pht.
4.1.2.1.13

Kho cha chai phi c xy dng m bo thng gi v phng chng chy n theo

cc yu cu trong 4.2.9.
4.1.3

Tng ngn chy:

4.1.3.1

Khi s dng tng ngn chy cho php gim khong phn cch ti a 30% so vi khong

phn cch yu cu khi khng c tng ngn chy.

4.1.3.2

Tng ngn chy phi khng c l thng, c xy dng vng chc bng gch, b tng

hoc cc vt liu khc, phi m bo gii hn chu la t nht 150 pht.

4.1.3.3

Chiu cao tng ngn chy t nht phi ngang bng vi chng chai cha cao nht. Tng

ngn chy phi c chiu di sao cho khong cch t kho cha chai (o t im cui ca tng
ngn chy ) n hng ro ranh gii, n to nh, hoc n ngun pht la c nh khng c nh
hn khong phn cch trong Bng 1.
4.1.3.4

Chiu cao tng ngn chy ca kho cha phi cao hn ti thiu 0,5 m so vi chiu cao

bn cha v c chiu di mi bn ln hn ti thiu 0,75 m.

4.1.3.5

i vi kho cha chai khng c mi che v tng ngn chy chnh l tng ca to nh

th phi c thm cc yu cu sau y:

a)

Trong khong cch 2 m theo chiu cao t mp hng ro, cao 9 m t nh chai cha ca tng

chn khng c c l hng.

b)

Pha trn chai cha, khng cho php c bt k mi hin hoc cu trc nh ra lm bng vt liu

d chy. Khng c t cu thang hoc thang thot him ca to nh bn trn hoc xung quanh
khu vc chai cha.
11

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.1.4

V tr my ho hi:

4.1.4.1

Ch c lp t my ho hi m bo an ton phng n v phi lp t ti v tr cch

bn cha hoc chai cha ti thiu 1,5 m.

4.1.4.2

Khong cch gia my ho hi v to nh gn nht hoc ng ranh gii ca khu t

lin k khng c nh hn 3 m.
4.1.4.3

Nu t my ho hi trong cc to nh trong khu cng nghip, chung c hoc cc nh

my sn xut th van an ton x p trn my ho hi phi c dn ra bn ngoi to nh.

4.1.4.4

Nu nh t my ho hi c xy lin vi cc to nh khc th phi tun theo cc

yu cu sau y:
a)

Nh t my ho hi phi c t trn mt t

b)

Nh t my ho hi l nh 1 tng.

4.1.4.5

Nu nh t my ho hi t bn trong to nh dn dng, cng nghip th my ho hi

ch c t tng trt. Tng trt ny khng c thp hn so vi mt nn xung quanh v

khng c khng gian kn gi.
4.2

Cc yu cu v thit k v thit b:

4.2.1

Thit b v vt liu:

4.2.1.1

Tt c cc thit b vt liu s dng cho h thng LPG phi l thit b c thit k, ch

to s dng chuyn dng cho LPG

4.2.1.2

H s thit k cc thit b in phi ch r mc ch, vng nguy him s dng, cp

phng n.
4.2.1.3

Tt c cc thit b an ton nh van ngt khn cp iu khin t xa, cm bin nhit ,

p sutphi ph hp vi mc ch s dng theo TCVN 6486: 1999

4.2.2

H s thit k:

Bn sao bn v mt bng v h s cng ngh kho LPG mi nht phi c lu gi ti cng

trnh s dng trong qu trnh vn hnh v khc phc s c. Cc bn v tiu biu c trnh
by ph lc B v C. H s thit k phi c c quan c thm quyn v phng chy cha
chy duyt.

12

4.2.3

Bn cha

4.2.3.1

Yu cu chung v thit k

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.3.1.1

Bn cha phi c thit k, ch to v kim nh theo tiu chun TCVN 6486

:1999, TCVN 6153: 1996, TCVN 6154:1996 v TCVN 6008: 1995 v cc yu cu di y.

4.2.3.1.2

p sut thit k ca bn cha khng nh hn 1,7 MPa (17kg/cm2). Nhit thit k

thp nht l -100C. Chiu dy bn cha phi c thit k tng thm ti thiu 1 mm so vi chiu
dy tnh ton.
4.2.3.1.3

Nhn trn v bn thc hin theo TCVN 6486 : 1999

4.2.3.1.4

Mi bn cha phi c trang b cc loi van v thit b c nhn hiu thch hp

nhn dng:
a)

Van an ton .

b)

Van vn v van iu lng dng cho trng hp LPG lng .

c)

Van dng cho ng hi LPG hi .

d)

Van vn v van mt chiu dng cho ng nhp LPG .

e)

Thit b o mc .

f)

ng h o p sut.

g)

Van vn c nt bt kn dng cho ng x y.

4.2.3.2
4.2.3.2.1

Khoang cha bn di t
Mi bn cha phi c lp t trong khoang cha ring c y ct sch (ct

khng ln tp cht, khng c cc cht gy n mn, khng phi l ct bin). nh ca khoang

cha bn c thit k m bo kh nng chu ti khi c cc phng tin chuyn ng bn trn
trong trng hp bt kh khng.
4.2.3.2.2

Khong trng gia bn cha v tng ca khoang cha bn phi m bo ti thiu

l 150mm. Khong trng di y bn tnh t im thp nht ca bn ti y khoang cha

khng nh hn 200 mm.
4.2.3.2.3

Tng ca khoang cha bn phi kn trnh nc xm nhp v c dy ti thiu

200 mm. Trng hp xy tng chung cho khoang cha nhiu bn th chiu dy tng ti thiu
phi l 300 mm.
4.2.3.2.4

Phi lp t cc ng thng theo ng cho ca khoang cha bn c th nh k

kim tra r r LPG v s xm nhp ca nc. Cc ng thng phi c ko di ti im thp

hn y bn cha. Cc ng thng trong khoang cha bn phi thng v c ng knh danh
nh ti thiu l 20mm. ng thng phi nh ln trn mt t v phi c np che ma. ng thng
phi c bo v chng r st.
13

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.3.3

B bn di t

4.2.3.3.1

Bn phi c tm bng thp gn vo b bng b tng.

4.2.3.3.2

Mng v b phi m bo kh nng chu ti khi bn cha y nc.

4.2.3.3.3

Bn cha phi c c nh chc chn khng b ni ln khi xy ra ngp lt.

4.2.3.3.4

B bn phi c thit k m bo khong trng thao tc cng vic x y

bn.
4.2.3.4

Bo v chng n mn bn di t v lp t

4.2.3.4.1

B mt ngoi ca bn cha phi c x l lm sch r st, du m, bi bn trc

khi sn ph b mt.
4.2.3.4.2
a)

B mt ca bn cha phi c ph mt lp chng n mn, lp ph c tnh cht:

L cht tr khng hp th hi nc, c gi tr in mi cao v c cng c hc

trnh bi h hng trong qu trnh lp t.

b)

C do thch hp trnh b h hng ng ng ng ng bn dn n hoc co ngt.

4.2.3.4.3

Mi bn cha phi c bo v bng phng php catt hoc cc phng php

bo v chng n mn khc c im kim tra cho h thng bo v .

4.2.3.4.4

Kch thc, s lng v vt liu ch to cc in cc ant phi c thit k sao

cho cc in cc ant c kh nng bo v chng an mn cho bn cha cho n thi hn kim

nh k tip theo 6.3.3
4.2.3.4.5

Vic la chn in cc ant da trn din tch b mt bn cha v kt qu kim tra

cc iu kin ca ct sch (nh di pH, in tr sut, .).

CH THCH: in th b mt ca bn cha cn c bo v phi nh hn 0,85 V nu dng in cc
Cu/CuSO4 hoc no\h hn + 0,25 V nu dng in cc km.

4.2.3.5
4.2.3.5.1

Van an ton cho bn cha

Mi bn cha phi c lp mt hoc nhiu van an ton tu theo dung tch bn

trn phn khng gian hi. Cc bn cha c sc cha n 20.000 lt lp t nht mt van an ton.
Cc bn cha dung tch hn 20.000 lt c t nht 2 van an ton. Van an ton phi c cc thng
tin c in trn thn van hoc trn mt kim loi nh chc vo van. Cc thng tin l:
a) tn nh sn xut, s liu ca van an ton;
b) p sut ti van an ton bt u m;
c) kch c ming thot.
14

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.3.5.2

Khi lp van an ton cho bn cha LPG phi c van chn pha trc m bo khi

hng hc c th tho ra sa cha, bo dng c. Van chn phi lun trng thi m hon
ton khi cha tho van an ton v din tch tit din ti thiu bng din tch thot ca van an
ton. Khi tho van an ton i vi bn cha c mt van an ton khc phi lp thay th ngay lp
tc m bo bn cha lun c bo v.
4.2.3.5.3

i vi bn cha lp nhiu van an ton, khi c lp mt van sa cha hoc kim

tra th phi bo m rng tng lng x ca cc van an ton cn li phi t c cng sut x
theo yu cu.
4.2.3.5.4

Phi s dng mt van chn trung gian c th tho, kim tra hoc sa cha. Van

chn phi lun trang thi m hon ton khi cha tho van an ton v din tch tit din ti
thiu bng din tch thot ca van an ton. Khi thot van an ton, mt van an ton khc phi
c lp thay th ngay lp tc m bo bn cha lun c bo v.
4.2.3.5.5

u ra ca van an ton phi c ni vi ng x ring bit dn ra v tr an ton

cch xa bn cha trnh ngn la tc ng n bn cha hoc cc bn cha lin k, cc h

thng ng ng v thit b. Van an ton phi c ni vi bn x c gi chc chn v
ming ng x ti thiu phi cao hn mt t 3 MPa v cao hn nh bn cha 2 m. ng x phi
c thit m bo lu lng dng ca van an ton. Ming ng x c np che ma.
4.2.3.5.6

Ming ng x phi cch ngun pht la c nh ti thiu 4,5 m. Vic lp t thit b

in trong khu vc ny phi tun theo quy nh 5.2.

4.2.3.5.7

i vi bn cha chn ngm hoc bn lp t, lu lng x ca van an ton phi

bng 3,33 ln gi tr tng ng ghi trong bng 2.

Bng 2 Lu lng x ti thiu ca van an ton p dng cho bn di t v bn lp t
Din tch b mt,

Lu lng dng mi
cht,

15

Lu lng dng,
Din tch b mt,
S

m2

m3/min

1,0

30

52

2,5

35

59

5,0

12

40

66

m2

A
m3/min

TCVN 7441 : 2004

7,5

17

50

79

10

22

60

92

12,5

26

70

104

15

30

80

116

17,5

34

90

128

20

38

100

140

25

45

110

151

Trong :
S

l tng din tch b ngoi ca bn cha, tnh bng mt vung;

l lu lng dng kh cho php thot ra 15 oC v p sut kh quyn, tnh bng m3/min.

Vi cc bn cha m kch thc khng c lit k bng trn th c th s dng cng thc:
A = 3,1965 S0,82
4.2.3.6

Mc np v ng h hin th mc

4.2.3.6.1

LPG lng np vo bn khng c qu 90% dung tch bn cha.

4.2.3.6.2

Mi bn cha phi c trang b t nht mt ng h hin th mc lp c nh trn bn.

ng h hin th mc phi ch r lng LPG trong bn cha tnh bng % th tch hoc milimt chiu
LPG lng.
4.2.3.6.3

Trn thang chia ca ng h, phi nh du mc ti a c php np.

4.2.3.7

L kim tra v cc chi tit u ni, lp rp

4.2.3.7.1

Tt c cc bn cha phi c ca ngi chui hoc kim tra. Trng hp bn cha c ca

ngi chui, nu l hnh bu dc kch thc ti thiu 400 mm x 300 mm hoc hnh trn ng knh ti
thiu 400 mm. Ca kim tra phi c kch thc ph hp c th kim tra bn trong.
4.2.3.7.2

Ngoi tr l lp van an ton, ti tt c cc chi tit u ni vi ng ng LPG lng c

kch thc ln hn 3 mm phi c lp van iu lng hoc van mt chiu. Tc dng ti van
iu lng s ng phi ln tc dng tiu th ti a trnh hin tng van iu lng ng sm.

16

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.3.7.3

Trn ng ng dn nhp LPG vo bn cha, ti hng nhp LPG phi c trang b mt

van mt chiu v mt van chn iu khin bng tay.

4.2.3.7.4

Bn cha phi c ng h o p sut c lp vng khng gian cha hi LPG bo ho

trn nh bn cha. ng ni ng h o p sut vi bn cha phi c bo v bng mt van iu

lng hoc mt van chn.
4.2.4

Dn chai cha LPG

4.2.4.1

Yu cu chung

4.2.4.1.1

Kho cha dn chai gm cc chai cha cung cp LPG dng lng v dng hi ti h thng

ng gp.
4.2.4.1.2

S h thng dn chai tiu biu c trnh by ph lc C.

4.2.4.2

ng mm

4.2.4.2.1

ng mm kt ni gia chai cha v ng gp khng c nh sng mt tri chiu trc

tip v khng c ng mm trong tnh trng khng kt ni vi van chai cha.

4.2.4.2.2

ng mm c thit k chu c p sut n ti thiu bng 4 ln p sut lm vic ln nht.

Khp ni ca ng mm phi i km vi mt van t ng ngn r r LPG t ng mm ngoi ra khi b

tho ri khi van chai cha LPG.
4.2.4.3

Thit b an ton

4.2.4.3.1

Trong h thng ng gp phi c phn d phng m bo rng nu mt ng mm khng

kt ni chai cha vi ng gp c th cng khng lm nh hng ti kh nng cung cp LPG ca cc

chai cha khc trong h thng.
4.2.4.3.2

m bo an ton phi lp mt van chn hoc van mt chiu gia ng mm va h

thng ng gp i vi tt c cc chai cha.

4.2.4.4
4.2.4.4.1

Thit b o chiu cho 2 dy chai ca h thng ng gp

Thit b o chiu c dng cho kho cha c h thng ng gp, c lp t gia hai v

ca dn chai, mt v cung cp, mt v d tr. Thit b o chiu hot ng ch cp LPG t mt v v

c b phn thit b hng dng LPG i ra.
4.2.4.4.2

S dng ng ng nhnh (by-pass) cho thit b o chiu m bo cung cp LPG lin

tc trong qu trnh bo dng, sa cha. Van chn trn ng nhnh phi lun lun ng trong qu
trnh vn hnh bnh thng.
CH THCH: i vi thit b o chiu c thm chc nng iu p, khi s dng ng ng nhnh, u ra sau
thit b o chiu phi c kim tra m bo p sut cung cp nm trong phm vi gii hn thit k

17

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.5

My ho hi

4.2.5.1

Yu cu chung

4.2.5.1.1

My ho hi phi m bo an ton phng n ph hp vi vng nguy him chy n c

phn loi trong 5.2 v loi c bn cht an ton.

4.2.5.1.2

Cc b phn chu p lc ca my ho hi phi c thit k ch to cho LPG. Nhn hiu

my phi ghi r tiu chun ch to, ngun gc xut x, tn nh sn xut v s s ri, ngy sn xut,
cng sut ho hi. Nhit thit k v p sut lm vic ln nht cho cc b phn chu p lc ca my
ho hi phi p ng c iu kin p sut v nhit ln nht trong qu trnh vn hnh.
4.2.5.1.3

H thng ng dy in v ng in chiu sng cho phng dt my ho hi phi c

thit k v lp t theo vng nguy him chy n 1, (xem 5.2).

4.2.5.1.4

Khng c lp t cc cun dy gia nhit trong bn cha vi mc ch lm bay hi LPG

lng.
4.2.5.1.5

Mi ng LPG lng v ng hi ni vi my ho hi phi c van chn, lp gn my ho

hi.
4.2.5.1.6

B iu p v cc thit b lp t sau my ho hi phi c thit k chu c nhit cao

ti 200 0C v p sut ti u ra ca my ho hi.

4.2.5.1.7

Van ngt khn cp ti u vo my ho hi phi c lp t v tr no d thao tc, d

thy v d dng tip cn trong trng hp khn cp.

4.2.5.2

Van an ton cho my ho hi

4.2.5.2.1

My ho hi phi c lp van an ton ni trc tip vi khng gian LPG hi. Lu lng x

gim p phi gp 3,33 ln gi tr c nu Bng 2, trong s dng din tch b mt trao i nhit
tip xc trc tip vi LPG c coi l tng din tch ca b mt ho hi.
4.2.5.2.2

Van an ton phi l loi l xo nn trc tip hoc mt loi tng ng, l loi chng t

iu chnh v c ch to sao cho khi c h hng bt k b phn no cng khng nh hng n

chc nng x gim p ca van.
4.2.5.3
4.2.5.3.1

iu khin nhit v mc nc
Nhit u vo phi iu khin bng b n nhit thch hp ngn khng cho p sut

trong my ho hi tng cao ti gi tr p sut lm vic ca van an ton.

4.2.5.3.2

My ho hi cp nhit gin tip qua nc phi c b n nh nhit iu cnh nhit ca

nc. B n nh nhit phi c b phn xc nh mc nc v c chc nng ct ngun cp nhit khi

mc nc gim xng di mc quy nh t trc.
18

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.5.3.3

My ho hi phi c van iu khin t ng loi thch hp (v d nh loi gin n nhit, loi

in t hoc loi phao ni) ngn khng cho LPG lng trn vo khng gian v ng ng LPG th
hi.
4.2.6

Van iu p

4.2.6.1

Yu cu chung

H thng cung cp LPG phi bao gm iu p cp 1 v iu p cp 2 c thit k theo cc yu cu

sau:
a) m bo cung cp LPG lin tc v n nh;
b) bo v cc thit b sau van iu p khng b qu p hoc st p;
c) trnh xy ra nguy him khi b hng van iu p n cp.
4.2.6.2
4.2.6.2.1

Van iu p cp 1
cung cp LPG cho nhiu i tng s dng cng mt lc, phi c h thng p gm t

hai van iu p lp song song tr ln: mt van iu p hot ng v van iu p cn lai d phng hoc
tng cng sut khi cn thit.
4.2.6.2.2

C th lp t mt ng ho hi t nhin t bn cha ti van iu p cung cp LPG

trc tip (khng qua my ho hi) nu cn thit.

4.2.6.2.3 Trn ng ng sau iu p cp 1 phi c mt van iu khin chnh ngt ngun cung cp
LPG cho ni tiu th khi c s c. Sau iu p phi c ng h o p sut vi thang o thch hp
xc nh tnh trng hot ng ca van iu p.
4.2.6.3 Van iu p cp 2
4.2.6.3.1 Van iu p cp 2 c th c lp t trong kho cha LPG hoc trong kho cha chai.
4.2.6.3.2 i vi h thng cung cp LPG cho cc h tiu th dn dng, p sut sau van iu p cp 2
khng c vt qu 0,003 kG/cm 2.
4.2.7

H thng ng ng v thit b ng ng

4.2.7.1

Yu cu chung

4.2.7.1.1

C th lp t ng ng ni trn mt t hoc chn ngm di t. ng ng phi c

lp cch xa ngun nhit qu nng, qu lnh hoc phi c bin php bo v trnh s tc ng ny.
4.2.7.1.2

Cch b tr ng ng v cc gi cho ng ng phi tnh ton n s gin n hay co

ngt ca ng ng ng ng thay i nhit . Khong cch gia cc gi ng ng theo

phng thng ng v phng nm ngang phi tun theo bng 3.
19

TCVN 7441 : 2004

Bng 3 - Khong cch gia cc gi cho ng ng lp t trn mt t

Khong cch ti a

Kch thc danh nh ca

ng knh ng dn

Theo phng thng ng

Theo phng nm ngang

20

2,5

25

2,5

32

2,7

40

3,5

50

3,5

80

4,5

100

4,5

150

4,5

200

4,5

mm

4.2.7.1.3

ng ng phi c bo v trnh b n mn. Vi ng ng i ni trn mt t, quy nh

ng LPG hi sn mu vng, ng LPG lng sn mu khc mu vng.

4.2.7.1.4

Trn ng ng, ti mt s v tr cn thit, phi c ng h o p sut v cc im kim

tra c nt kn phc v cho qu trnh vn hnh kim tra trc khi a h thng vo hot ng.
4.2.7.1.5

20

Yu cu v tip t, ngn nga tnh in c trnh by 5.2.

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.7.1.6

ng ng i xuyn qua tng hoc sn nh phi c bc ngoi v bt kn bng vt liu

chng n mn.
Hi LPG p sut ln hn 1,4 kG/cm2 LPG lng khng c dn bng ng ng vo

4.2.7.1.7

bn trong bt k to nh no.
4.2.7.2

Vt liu ch to

4.2.7.2.1

ng ng LPG p sut cao phi c ch to bng ng thp khng hn chuyn dng

cho LPG.
4.2.7.2.2

c php s dng cc ng ng bng phi kim loi trn on ng c p sut n 2

kG/cm2 trung bnh v p sut thp. Cc ng ny c sn xut chuyn dng cho LPG c chng ch ca
nh sn xut v khi s dng phi tun theo ch dn ca nh sn xut.
4.2.7.2.3

Cc mi ghp ni ng ng kim loi c ng knh danh nh nh hn hoc bng 50mm

phi c hn gip mp hai u mi hn cho cc thit b ng ng phi tho mn TCVN 6008 : 1995
4.2.7.2.4

Mi ghp ren c php s dng ni ng ng c ng knh danh nh nh hn

hoc bng 50 mm. ng ng va cc thit b chu p lc cao c tin ren phi dng loi ng thp c
c dy ln hn 4 mm v phi c tin ren dng hnh nn.
4.2.7.2.5

Giong s dng ti cc im ni bch trn ng ng phi c kh nng chng n mn v

chng lo ho. Nu giong c lm bng kim loi hoc vt liu c kim loi th c im nng chy di
816 0C phi c bo v chng li tc ng ca ngn la.
4.2.7.2.6

Cc lin kt ng phi tun theo cc quy nh sau:

p sut LPG

Chiu dy ng 4 mm

Chiu dy ng 8 mm

Hn

Ren hoc hn

Hn hoc ren

Hn hoc ren

Hn

Ren hoc hn

p sut 125 Psig

= 9 kG/cm2 = 0,9 MPa
p sut >125 Psig
= 9kG/cm2 = 0,9 MPa

4.2.7.3

Van an ton ng ng

Van an ton phi c lp gia cc on ng ni m LPG lng c th b gi li (v d ti on

gia hai van chn, ti u ra ca my bm).
21

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.7.3.1

Van an ton ng ng phi t p sut hot ng trong khong t 18 kG/cm2 n 27

kG/cm2.
4.2.7.3.2

u ra ca ng x ca van an ton ng ng phi hng ra ni thot gi, khng

c hng trc tip vo ni c ngi, bn cha hoc thit b.

4.2.7.4
4.2.7.4.1

V tr lp t cc van
Cc van phi c lp t ti cc v tr d tip cn thun tin cho vn hnh v bo

dng.
4.2.7.4.2

Mi kho cha LPG hoc kho cha chai phi c van iu khin chnh ct nhanh tt

c cc ng cung cp LPG khi c s c. Van ny c t ti v tr d quan st d tip cn khi c

s c v ng ct nhanh khi c s c.
4.2.8

X y

iu ny p dng i vi bn cha v my ho hi.

4.2.8.1

u ra ca van x y c th c ni thm mt on ng, cui on ng c mt van

chn th hai.

CH THCH: Phn on ng v van chn km theo ny khng nht phi lp c nh vi bn cha hoc my
ho hi.

4.2.8.2

on ng ni v van chn km theo phi c gia c chc chn ngn nga nhng
va chm t bn ngoi .

4.2.8.3

Tay gt ca van x y phi c gn chc chn m bo rng van ny c th

ng li ngay lp tc trong qu trnh x y.

4.2.8.4

Khng c x LGP vo cc khu vc cng cng, cc khu gn k vi khu vc cng

cng , h thng thot nc.

4.2.9

Thng gi v phng chng chy n

4.2.9.1

Yu cu chung

4.2.9.1.1

Vic thit k h thng LPG (nh kho cha LPG, kho cha chai LPG ,nh t my ho

hi,..) phi m bo gim ti mc thp nht kh nng to hn hp LPG/khng kh c t l ln hn

gii hn chy di bng cch p dng cc bin php thng gi .
4.2.9.1.2

H thng LPG phi c xy lp bng cc vt liu khng chy.

4.2.9.1.3

Tng ngn, trn nh, mi nh, phi c thit k khng c l thng v c kh nng

chu c p sut tnh t nht l 4,8 kPa (0,0048 kG/cm2).

22

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.9.1.4

Khi s dng cu trc li nhm mc ch thng gi, kch thc ca cc li khng

c nh hn 5 mm.
4.2.9.2

Yu cu thng gi t nhin

4.2.9.2.1

H thng LPG phi c thng gi theo cc quy nh trong 4.2.9.2.4 v 4.2.9.2.7 bng
cch b tr ng dn khng kh vo v ra to i lu khng kh u khp sn nh.

4.2.9.2.2

Cc l thng gi t nhin phi c t v tr thch hp theo 4.2.9.2.4 ngn cn s

tch t LPG.

4.2.9.2.3

Chai cha LPG v cc thit b khng c t trong phm vi cch l thng gi 150 mm.
Phi to khong trng thch hp trnh cc l thng gi b che lp.

4.2.9.2.4

Cc l thng gi t nhin phi c dt v tr trn tng bao quanh h thng LPG sao
cho:

a) y ca l thng gi tm thp cch sn nh khng qu 150 mm.

b) nh ca l thng gi tm cao cch trn nh khng qu 500 mm.
c) vng thng gi tm thp hiu qu nm trong phm vi 500 mm tnh t sn nh .
d) vng thng gi tm cao hiu qu nm trong phm vi cch trn nh 1000 mm.
4.2.9.2.5

N u c trn 2 bc tng i din nhau c s dng cho mc ch thng gi th tng

din tch l thng gi hiu qu ti thiu phi t 0,014 m2 trn1m2 din tch sn nh i vi l thng
gi tm thp v 0,007m2trn 1m2 din tch sn nh i vi l thng gi tm cao
4.2.9.2.6

Nu c 2 bc tng lin k c s dng cho mc ch thng gi th tng din tch l

thng gi hiu qu ti thiu phi t 0,02m2 trn 1m2 din tch sn nh i vi l thng gi tm thp
v 0,01m2 trn 1m2 din tch sn nh i vi l thng gi tm cao .
4.2.9.2.7

Cho php ch s dng 1 bc tung cho mc ch thng gi nu cc yu cu sau y

c m bo:
a) chiu rng ca bc tng ny t nht bng 1,5 ln chiu su ca h thng LPG cn c thng
gi .
b) chiu su ca h thng LPG cn c thng gi khng vt qu 2,5m.
c) tng din tch cc l thng gi hiu qu ti thiu t 0,03m2 trn 1m2 din tch sn nh i vi l
thng gi tm thp v 0,015m2 trn 1m2 din tch sn nh i vi l thng gi tm cao .
4.2.9.2.8

Khi khng p ng c tt c cc yu cu v thng gi t nhin th phi xem xt ti

bin php thng gi cng bc .

23

TCVN 7441 : 2004

4.2.9.3
4.2.9.3.1

Phng chng chy n

H thng LPG phi c cc l thng gi t nhin dng cho mc ch phng chng chy

n c t trn tng bao quanh. Din tch l thong ti thiu phi t 0,07 m2 trn 1 m3 khng gian
c bao quanh i vi l thong khng mi che v 0,1 m2 trn1m3 khng gian c bao quanh i
vi l thong c mi ht. Gc nghing ca mi ht khng c vt qu 450 so vi mt phng nm
ngang. Phng php tnh ton din tch hiu qu cho mi ht c trnh by hnh 1.
4.2.9.3.2

Khng c s dng vch ngn kn phn chia khu vc chy n.

4.2.9.3.3

S dng cc l thng cho mc ch phng chy n.

p
p

Hnh 1 Tnh ton din tch hiu qu cho mi ht

Din tch hiu qu = p n x w
Trong :
p

l khong cch gi 2 mi ht lin tip;

l s khong cch;

l chiu rng ca trng t mi ht

24

TCVN 7441 : 2004

Yu cu lp t

5.1.1

Cc kho tn cha LPG phi thng thong, khng c cy ci v cc vt liu d chy xung
quanh.

5.1.2

Kho tn cha LPG v khu vc dt thit b ho hi phi c trang b cc bnh cha chy vi
s lng v v tr b tr thch hp theo bng 6.

5.1.3

Cc bnh cha chy s c thay th hoc kim tra tnh trng lm vic nh k theo quy nh,
v ghi r rng ngy th nghim cui cng.

5.1.4

Cc thit b phng chy phi tun theo cc yu cu v s lng, chng loi v cht lng ca
c quan phng chy cha chy.

Bng 5 - S bnh cha chy ti thiu cho kho tn cha LPG v nh cha thit b ho hi
S bnh cha chy ti thiu
`Cng sut tn cha LPG (kg)

Bnh bt kh 4 kg hoc

Xe y cha chy 35 kg bt hoc

> 10 lt dung dch to bt

> 100 lt dung dich to bt

< 25000

> 25000

< 1000

t 1000 n 2500

> 2500

Nh cha thit b ho hi

Kho cha LPG dng bn (bao

gm c nh cha thit b ho hi)

Khu cha chai LPG (bao gm c

phng cha thit b ho hi)

5.2
25

Yu cu v din v an ton tnh in

TCVN 7441 : 2004

5.2.1

Cc yu cu v in

5.2.1.1 phn loi khu vc nguy him

Tu theo kh nng c mt ca ca kh chy nguy him trong khng kh, vng nguy him c
phn thnh cc vng sau y:
a)

Vng 0: L khu vc trong hn hp LPG khng kh d bt chy thng xuyn xut hin
trong khi vn hnh bnh thng.

b) Vng 1: L khu vc trong hn hp LPG khng kh d bt chy thng xuyn xut hin trong
vn hnh bnh thng.
c) Vng 2: L khu vc m trong hn hp LPG khng d bt chy khng th xut hin trong
vn hnh thng thng, nu c th ch xut hin trong thi gian ngn.
d) Khu vc an ton hoc khng c nguy him: L khu vc khng c phn loi nh vng 0, 1,
2.
e) Khong cch cc vng theo Ph lc D.
5.2.1.2

Thit b in

a) Thit b in phi m bo phng n.

b) La chn v lp t thit b in s dng trong cc khu vc nguy him phi m bao hiu
qu hot ng khi trong cc vung ny.
c) Thit b in s dng trong cc vung phn loi phi c chng nhn bng nhn ca
nh sn xut.
5.2.2

Yu cu an ton tnh in

Cc bn cha di t v cc ng ng LPG c cc h thng bo v catt khng c tip t.

Cc lin kt t u ni ca bn phi c cch in khi ng ng pha sau bng cc mt bch
cch in trnh lm gim hiu qu ca h thng chng n mn catt.
CH THCH: Cc bn cha trn mt t c tip dt d bo v chng tnh in.
a) Khi xe bn n np LPG phi ni dy tip a cn bng in th gia xe bn v cc xe cha.
b) im ni t phi c chun b ti khu vc xe dn in t cc xe bn. im ni dt ny phi c
in tr ni t khng ln hn 4 .
c) ng ng trn mt t v cc thit b ph tr pha sau ca cc mt bch cch in phi c ni t.

5.3

26

Lp t

TCVN 7441 : 2004

5.3.1

Yu cu chung

5.3.1.1 Khi thc cng tc xy dng kho tn cha v cung cp LPG dng chai v dng bn phi thc
hin ng cc th tc quy nh ca c quan qun l.
5.3.1.2 Thng nht phng n lp t an ton vi ch u t v cc c quan n v lin quan.
5.3.2

Lp t bn cha

5.3.2.1

m bo khi vn chuyn v xp d bn cha khng b va p bn cha khng b h

hng lp bo v chng n mn bn ngoi.

5.3.22

Bn cha phi c lp t trn nn n nh v phi c c nh chc chn ti hai u

chng ni khi chn ngm.

5.3.2

My ho hi LPG

5.3.3.1

My ho hi LPG phi c lp t tun theo cc ch dn ca nh sn xut. My ho hi

LPG phi c chn chc v ng ng c kt ni vi my khng b gh, hoc p
cng.

5.3.3.2

Cc van an ton, cc thit b gim p (iu p) v thit b iu khin lp gn my ho hi

khng c t ti v tr m nhit mi trng xung quanh vt qu 60 0C tr khi cc thit
b ny c thit k c bit dng cho nhit cao.

5.3.3.3

My ho hi phi c trang b mt ng h o p sut ti u ra ca my ho hi. Trong

trng hp my ho hi c gia nhit bng nc, phi c cc thit b mc nc v nhit
tng ng.

5.3.4

Lp t ng ng v cc thit b ph tr

5.3.4.1

Cc van ng ngt phi c lp c lp thit b v gia cc ng ng. Van an ton

ng ng phi c lp vo mi phn ng ng LPG lng b c lp.

5.3.4.2

Sau khi lp t, ng ng phi c x l chng n mn v c xc nh bng mu

sn v tn.

Yu cu kim tra, chay th, vn hnh v bo tr

6.1

Kim tra trc khi vn hnh v chy th

6.1.1

Yu cu chung

6.1.1.1

H thng tn cha v cung cp LPG sau khi lp t phi c kim tra v chy th theo cc
tiu chun thit k, ch to, cc bn v, cc thng s v c tnh k thut, cc bn hng dn

27

TCVN 7441 : 2004

vn hnh, cc catolog, bo co, ghi ch ca nh sn xut cho bn cha, my ho hi v thit
b phi c kim tra trong qu trnh chy th.
6.1.1.2

Bo v chng an mn in ho bng catt, ni t, cc h thng ni tnh in v dng in

lin tc phi c th nghim tun theo cc tiu chun TCVN 6486 : 1999.

6.1.1.3

Cc kim tra lin quan trn bn cha, thit b ho hi v h thng ng ng ht ni phi

c gim st cht ch v c cp chng ch bi c quan c thm quyn.

6.1.1.4

Tt c cc bo co kim tra v cc chng ch phi c lu trong sut thi gian lm vic

ca h thng LPG.

6.1.1.5

H thng phng chy cha chy phi sn sng lm vic trong qu trnh ui hi lm sch,
chy th h thng v vn hnh.

6.1.2

Kim tra bn cha v thit b ho hi.

6.1.2.1

Vi cc bn cha cn kim tra cc ni dung sau:

a)

kim tra p sut th thu lc;

b)

kim tra khng ph hu;

c)

kim tra dy lp sn;

d)

kim tra bin dng;

6.1.2.2

Bn cha v thit b ho hi phi c kim tra thu lc tai p sut bng 1,5 ln p sut
thit k, nu khng th phi th 27 kG/cm2, tr khi c quy nh thit k ring.

6.1.2.3

Cc u ni ca bn cha, thit b ho hi v cc thit b ph tr phi c kim tra r r

p sut ti thiu l 7,5 kG/cm2 bng khng kh hoc kh tr. Khng dng la kim tra r r.

6.1.2.4

Sau khi kim tra r r, h thng LPG phi c ui hi lm sch a vo s dng nh

trong 6.1.4.

6.1.3

Kim tra ng ng

6.1.3.1 H thng ng ng cao p phi c kim tra bng siu m mi hn, th kn sau khi lp t
m bo kn. thc hin vic th kn, cn ch bo v:
a)

ngi thc hin kim tra ;

b)

nhng ngi lm vic khu vc ph cn;

c)

cc khu vc cng cngkhi cc nguy him c th xut hin nu ng ng khng t yu

cu.

6.1.3.2 Tt c ng ng s c th p sut nhu sau:

28

TCVN 7441 : 2004

a)

Tt c ng ng LPG lng phi c kim tra thu lc p sut bng 1,1 ln gi tr dt

ca van an ton, sau khi cch ly cc chi tit c th bi hng khi th p sut. Chng nhn th p
sut ghi r cc gi tr t cho van an ton v p sut th thu lc;
b)

Sau khi kt thc th p sut thu lc, tt c cc chi tit c lp li v ton b h thng s

c kim tra p sut kh nn vi p sut nh nht l 7,5 kG/cm2;

c)

Nhng ng hi c p sut cao s c th hoc bng kh nn hoc bng thu lc p

sut nh nht l 10,5 kG/cm2.

CH THCH: p sut th bng 1,5 ln p sut lm vic ln nht. p sut lm vic ln nht khi p sut hi

ca LPG ti nhit 37,8 0C l 7,5 kG/cm2, nu khng th p sut th nh nht phi t 10,5 kG/cm2.

d)

Nhng ng hi c p sut trung bnh v p sut thp s c kim tra hoc bng kh nn
hoc bng thu lc p sut nh nht l 1,05 kG/cm 2 va 0,75 kG/cm2.

6.1.3.3 Thi gian th p sut phi m bo nhit n nh trong sut qu trnh th.
CH THCH: Thi gian cho php nhit n nh mi trng, chiu di v kch thc ng ng nhng tin
hnh ko di hn 15 pht.

6.1.3.4
a)

i vi th bng kh nn, s c th theo tng giai on sau y:

Giai on u p sut ca h thng tng ti 1,4 kG/cm2 v n nh trong thi gian 30 pht
dm bo cc ch ni kn;

b)

p sut sau s c tng theo tng giai on cho n khi yu cu p sut kim tra
t c. T p sut thp n p sut trung bnh ri ln p sut cn th;

c)

Sau mi ln tng p sut, m bo thi gian cho php ton b h thng n nh trc
khi tip tc thc hin cc qu trnh khc.

6.1.3.5 i vi p sut th bng thu lc v kh nn, thi gian th t nht l 30 pht v phi khng c
du hiu p sut gim trong thi gian ny. Ch trnh xy ra hin tng h thng ng ng c th
b gy, v, t di p sut cao. Nhng ch b r r c pht hin bng cch nhn, nghe hoc bng
nc x phng.
6.1.3.6 Kt qu th p lc ng ng phi c ghi li v bng kt qu kim tra s bao gm nh
sau:

29

a)

tn ca n v xy dng v ch k ca ngi c chc nng theo di kim tra;

b)

ngy kim tra;

c)

p sut lm vic ln nht;

d)

p sut kim tra v khong thi gian;

e)

kt qu kim tra;

f)

vt liu ch to, cng sut v thng s k thut ca ng ng v thit b i km.

TCVN 7441 : 2004

6.1.4

ui hi lm sch h thng LPG

6.1.4.1 Qu trnh lm sch cc bn cha nh sau:

a)

sau khi kim tra p sut ca bn cha, kh tr c a vo bn cha cho ti nng xy

trong bn cha gim xung di 2%;

b)

nu c nc trong bn cha phi c ui sch ra ngoi;

c)

khi np LPG vo bn cha ngn chn s ho hi nhanh ca LPG lng, th ch hi LPG

c np vo bn cha cho n khi p sut trong bn cn bng vi p sut thit b cp.

6.1.4.2
a)

Quy trnh lm sch ng ng (bao gm my ho hi v cc thit b i km) nh sau:

kh tr c np vo v x ra nhiu ln ui khng kh ra khi ng ng phi c lm

sch cho n khi nng oxy trong ng ng gim xung di 2% theo th tch;
b)

trc khi cho LPG lng vo trong ng ng lng, LPG hi phi c np vo trong ng

ng t bn cha trc trnh s tc ng ho hi tng p t ngt ln ng ng.

6.1.5

Lm sch sau khi s dng

6.1.5.1 Quy trnh lm sch sau khi s dng nh sau:

a)

LPG trong bn cha phi c rt ht ra cng nhiu cng tt s dng hoc x ht ra bn

lm sch;

b)

Bn cha c lm sch phi cch ly hon ton vi bn cha khc hoc ng ng;

c)

Kh tr (v d: nit) phi c np vo t nh ca bn cha. m bo LPG cha trong

hn hp kh lm sch phi c nng nh hn 5%;

d)

Khi bn cha cng sut p sut bng p sut kh quyn, th l ngi chui c m ra v
khng kh i vo bn trong;

e)

Khng c vo trong bn cha khi mi trng trong bn cha cha c xc nh l an

ton (nng LPG nh hn 5% ca gii hn chy n di v mc oxy trong khong t 8 %
- 22 %). u d LPG c s dng kim tra nng LPG c trong y ca bn cha v
mc oxy tng ng bn trong cc phn ca bn cha.

6.1.6

Chy th

6.1.6.1

H thng phun nc cha chy, cc bnh cha chy ban u phi vn hnh tt trc khi h
thng LPG hot ng.

6.1.6.2

Tt c cc thit b, cc ch ni v cc vanphi c kim tra r r. m bo nguyn vn v

u chc nng trc khi chy th.

30

TCVN 7441 : 2004

6.1.6.3

trc tin l phi ci t p sut ra ca iu p ti p sut thp nht v iu chnh dn ti p

sut vn hnh. Phi kim tra chc nng iu khin p sut ca iu p trn ton b ng
ng, bao gm vic ng ngun cung cp.

6.1.6.4

Hot ng iu p phi c iu chnh trong sut qu trnh chy th theo chc nng thit
k trong trng hp trng hp hot ng ca iu p khng n nh.

6.2

Vn hnh

6.2.1

Yu cu chung

6.2.1.1

Hng dn vn hnh ph c t v tr an ton v d thy h thng LPG.

6.2.1.2

Trong trng hp h thng thit b bi li hoc dng khn cp, phi ghi nhng li ng ng

thit b, nhng s vic xy ra v thng tin c lin quan gip cho vic thay th v kim tra.
6.2.1.3

Phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca iu p, ng h o p sut, bn k mc tiu th

LPG, mc nc ho hi theo di ti hin trng m bo cc thit b an ton v hot ng ng

chc nng.
6.2.1.4

Cng nhn thc hin cc cng vic vn hnh v ui hi lm sch h thng phi c o

to trnh vn hnh.
6.2.1.5

Ngi vn hnh phi c trang b v s dng qun o bo h lao ng thch hp, cc thit

b an ton bao gm c thit b pht hin kh chy.

6.2.1.6

Ngi vn hnh h thng phi:

a)

c hun luyn ng chuyn mn v cng vic;

b)

c hiu bit y v c tnh ca LPG;

c)

c kin thc v cp nht nh v thc t vn hnh;

d)

c hng dn hnh dng x l trong trng hp khn cp;

e)

s dng tt cc loi thit b phng chy cha chy, cc thit b kim sot chy, cc bnh cha

chy;
f)

m bo mc tn cha LPG khng gii hn cho php;

g)

m bo cc bnh cha chy r rng v chng loi v gii hn s dng.

CH THCH: Trong trng hp phi ko di vic np LPG, li xe gn vi xe v theo di ng h lu lng

trong khi ngi kia theo di qu trnh np tai bn cha.

6.2.2.2 Ngi vn hnh np LPG phi c hun luyn phng php np trong ln vn hnh u
tin, cc phng php phng chy cha chy v hnh ng trong trng hp khn cp.
6.2.2.3 Ngi vn hnh np LPG phi mc qun o bo h lao ng khi lm vic vi LPG.

31

TCVN 7441 : 2004

6.2.2.4 Lp bo co ghi li mi s vic din ra trong qu trnh np LPG.
6.2.2.5 Xe bn LPG phi trong khu vc c thit k ring (bi xut nhp xe bn).
6.2.2.6 Trong qu trnh np LPG phi ch :
a)

S dng phanh tay ca xe v chn bnh xe hm an ton trong qu trnh np LPG;

b)

Mi trng xung quanh phi c kim tra m bo khng c ngun la hoc vt liu d
chy;

c)

Dy tip a ca t phi c ni t trc khi ni hng nhp v tho ra sau khi tho hng
nhp.

d)

Phi kim tra r r khp ni ng vi t ngay sau khi lp rp u ni;

e)

Phi theo di mc np y bn trong sut qu trnh np bng cc ng h o mc. Bn

khng c cha vt qu mc ti a 90%;

f)

ng LPG hi hi lu ring bit c th c s dng trong qu trnh nhp hng;

g)

Cc khp ni v hng nhp phi c kim tra r r trong sut qu trnh nhp;

h)

Trong trng hp lp t nhiu bn, mi bn phi c np ring bit;

i)

Bnh cu ho phi c t v tr d tip cn;

6.2.3

Thay chai LPG ca h thng ng gp

6.2.3.1 Trc khi thay chai LPG ti dn chai phi ng van chai LPG v van ngt trn ng mm.
6.2.3.2 Tnh trng van chai v c ni phi c kim tra khuyt tt. Tt c cc chai c ren b h hng
hoc khuyt tt s c nh du r rng chuyn tr li nh cung cp.
6.2.3.3 Chai LPG phi c lp t ng phng php v chc chn v tr chai t ng.
6.2.3.4 Sau khi thay th mt chai, van chai LPG c m nh nhng v kim tra r r bng bt nc
x phng.
6.3

Bo tr, kim tra sau bo tr v nghim thu k thut

6.3.1

Yu cu chung

6.3.1.1 Ngi s dng h thng cung cp LPG phi c trch nhim bo tr v m bo thit b vn
hnh trong iu kin an ton.
6.3.1.2 Phi c hng dn bo tr v hng dn vn hnh c gn trn tng thit b.
6.3.1.3 H thng ch c php lm vic khi c cc th tc 6.1.
6.3.1.4 nh k bo dng khng qu 5 nm cho ton b h thng.
6.3.1.5 Trc khi chy th li, phi m bo cc bn cha, my ho hi, h thng ng ng, ph
kin (bao gm c dy in) lp t chnh xc v c kim tra r r.
32

TCVN 7441 : 2004

6.3.2

Bo tr

6.3.2.1 Vic bo dng phi c thc hin bi ngi c o to v c kinh nghim.

6.3.2.2 C bin hiu thng bo ang bo tr, bng bo nguy him, k hiu cnh bo v s ch dn.
6.3.2.3 Tip t v kt ni phi c kim tra bo dng thng xuyn m bo hot ng ng
chc nng.
6.3.2.4 Bn di t v bung t van bn phi c kim tra bo dng v hot ng ng chc
nng, thng xuyn x l trnh nc xm nhp.
6.3.2.5 Bnh cha chy, u bo r LPG v h thng phun sng (nu c) phi c kim tra, th v
bo dng thng xuyn tun theo ph hp vi hng dn s dng ca nh sn xut hoc theo yu
cu ca c quan c thm quyn.
6.3.2.6 My ho hi bao gm b kim sot mc nc, cng sut nhit cp, van in t,phi c
kim tra bo dng thng xuyn tun theo ng chc nng hot ng ca nh sn xut.
6.3.2.7 B cha, ng ng v cc thit b kt ni phi c xem xt bo dng ng, thng xuyn
chng n mn.
6.3.2.8 ng ni mn gia ng gp v chai LPG phi c thay th khi xut hin du hiu ca s
thoi ho (h hng) v trong mi trng hp khng s dng qu 5 nm.
6.3.2.9 Cc thit b khc (nh p k, iu p) phi c kim tra bo dng m bo iu kin
hot ng v ng chc nng, ph hp vi yu cu ca nh sn xut.
6.3.2.10

Nht k bo dng phi c lu gi bi ngi s dng trong sut thi gian lm vic

ca h thng.
6.3.3

Th, kim tra v nghim thu k thut

6.3.3.1

Yu cu chung

6.3.3.1.1

Th v kim tra cho bn cha, my ho hi, ng ng v ph kin kt niphi tun

theo lch trnh trong Ph lc E. Lch trnh phi c ln k hoch trc m bo hon thnh cng vic
ng thi gian.
6.3.3.1.2

Xem xt, kim tra v nghim thu k thut cho chai LPG, bn cha, my ho hi v

ng ng ph kin phi c thc hin bi ngi ca cc quan c thm quyn: phng chy cha
chy, kim nh an ton, kim nh thit b p lc. Chng ch v bin bn kim tra c lu gi trong
sut qu trnh lm vic ca tng thit b, h thng.

33

TCVN 7441 : 2004

6.3.3.2
6.3.3.2.1

Bn cha LPG
Bn cha trn mt t phi c nghim thu k thut khng qu 6 nm/ln. Nhng

bn nh s ch thu lc vi yu cu nh thit k ban u theo tiu chun thit k. Sau 10 nm nhng

bn cha trn mt t s phi kim tra t tnh, siu m chiu dy v th thu lc. Nu bn c l
ngi chui phi kim tra bng mt bn trong bn.
i vi bn c ph lp chng chy, phi c kim tra pha trong v pha ngoi, t tnh, siu m
chiu dy v th thu lc khng qu 6 nm/ln.
6.3.3.2.2

Bn di t hoc lp t s tu thuc vo xem xt bn trong v bn ngoi, t tnh,

th thu lc v siu m chiu dy, chiu dy lp sn v th tnh khng qu 10 nm/ln sau khi a
vo s dng. Bn s c xem xt v kim tra bn trong khng qu 6 nm/ln.
6.3.3.2.3

Van an ton phi c th li 3 nm/ln hoc phi c sa cha, kim nh m

bo p sut v lu lng thot kh. Nu bn cha cn p sut, van an ton khng c tho ra t khi
c nhiu van hoc c thit b kim tra. Trong trng hp ny phi thay th ngay lp tc van an ton
d phng khc.
6.3.3.2.4

H thng bo v n mn in ho catt phi c kim tra hot ng ng chc nng

trong khong thi gian khng qu 6 thng, qu trnh bo dng c ghi li trong sut qu trnh lm
vic.
6.3.3.3
6.3.3.3.1

My ho hi v ng ng
My ho hi v cc van an ton ca nh my phi c th thu lc trong khong thi

gian khng qu 5 nm.

6.3.3.3.2

Cc ng ng trn s ph thuc vo kim tra bng mt hng nm v kim tra r r

di p sut lm vic bng nc x phng.

6.3.3.3.3

p sut th ph hp vi 6.1.3. Kim tra r r phi c thc hin trn cc im lin kt

trng thi lp li v thay th, sa cha cc ph kin, thit b i km nh ng h o p v iu

p.

34

TCVN 7441 : 2004

Ph lc A
(tham kho)

Dng c bn ca by LPG

B mt nn thot nc

h1
h2

h3
Ti h thng thi

V d v tnh ton by LPG

h3:

cao yu cu ca by chng LPG i qua by ra h thng thi. cao ny c tnh ton da

trn mc h2 (c nc) v h1 l mc LPG lng ti mt nn, nc trong h3 cn bng vi mc
LPG trong h1 vy LPG se khng thot ra ngoi.

h3 x Khi lng ring ca nc = h2 x khi lng ring ca nc + h1 x khi lng ring ca LPG
h3 = h2 + h1 x khi lng ring ca LPG/khi lng ring ca nc.
Trong :
Khi lng ring, tnh bng kilgam trn mt khi
cao h1,h2,h3 tnh bng mt.
Ch tnh ton:
(1)

Tnh ton trn cha tnh n cao ct LPG bn trn mt nn v vy khi trng hp ny phi tnh
thm chiu cao lp LPG lng trn mt nn.

(2)

Nu khng c LPG th h2 = h3.

35

TCVN 7441 : 2004

Ph lc B
(Tham kho)

S cng ngh c bn h thng cung cp LPG c bn cha

p1

VAN IU KHIN CHNH

TRONG HP
KNH BO V

p2

p
p3

p4

p5
16

18

R
R

13

14

1
2
3

10

11

4
5
6

12

7
8
9
10

6
5

2 4 3 9 7

BN CHA LPG U/G

11

12
13

R
p

14
15
16
17
18
19

VAN LOC
VAN MOT CHIEU
VAN IEU LNG NG LONG
VAN IEU LNG NG HI
VAN XA NH
VAN AN TOAN BON CHA
ONG HO O MC GAS LONG
VAN NGAT AP SUAT CAO
VAN AN TOAN
LOC
MAY HOA HI PHONG NO
VAN IEN T
MAN HNH IEU AP
IEU AP
ONG HO O AP
VAN NGAT KHAN
VAN AN TOAN MAY HOA HI
AU LOC XA

NG LONG
20 NG HI

36

TCVN 7441 : 2004

Phc lc C
(tham kho)

S cng ngh c bn ca h thng cung cp LPG s dng h thng ng gp

P2
14

P1

P3

V
6

18

12

11

P1
R

10

15

2
1

VAN IU KHIN CHNH

TRONG HP
KNH BO V

3
13

R
P

S CNG NGH

ONG MEM CHU AP

2
3
4
5
6

VAN NGAT AP SUAT CAO CO CHC NANG 1 CHIEU

7
8
9
10

MAY HOA HI PHONG NO

VAN IEN T

VAN NGAT AP SUAT CAO

VAN AN TOAN
BO T CHUYEN OI GAS LONG CO IEU AP

LOC

MAN HNH IEU AP

IEU AP
11 ONG HO O AP
12 VAN NGAT KHAN CAP
13 VAN AN TOAN MAY HOA HI
14 AU LOC XA
15 NG LONG
16 NG HI

37

TCVN 7441 : 2004

Phc lc D
(quy nh)
Phn loi vng cho kho cha LPG

V tr

Phm vi phn loi

Vng phn loi

Bn cha

(a) Trong vng 1,5 MPa theo mi hng t cc v tr ni

Vng 1

van ca bn cha
1,5 m trn mt t gim u ti 0 trong vng 3 MPa t

Vng 2

v bn, khng bao gm phm vi (a)

Van an ton

a) Theo hng x p

Khng lp t thit
b in

b) Trong vng 1,5 m theo tt c cc hng

Vng 1

c) Ln hn 1,5 m nhng trong vng 4,5 m theo tt c

Vng 2

mi hng
u ni np

a) Trong vng 1,5 m theo tt c mi hng

Vng 1

b) Ln hn 1,5 m nhng trong vng 4,5 m theo tt c

Vng 2

mi hng

My ho hi

(i) Ngoi tri

a) Trong vng 1,5 m theo tt c mi hng

Vng 1

b) Ln hn 1,5 m nhng trong vng 3 m theo tt c mi

Vng 2

hng
Ton b phng v bt k phng lin k no khng loi tr

Trong nh
Kho cha chai LPG

38

phn hi

Vng 1

TCVN 7441 : 2004

Trong khong khng cha chai c chiu cao 1,5 m trn
(i)

Kho ngoi tri

Vng 2

chng chai hoc di bt k mt mi che no trn kho.

Bn trong cua kho cha hoc khng gian bao ph bi

Vng 2

bt k mt mi che no cch nn 1,5 m v gim dn n

0 trong khong cch quy nh 1.
Trong cc to nh
Bn ngoi ca ra vo, l gn nn kho cha, di 1,5
(ii)

Kho cha trong

nh

m v gim dn n 0 trong khong cch quy nh trong

Vng 2
Vng 2

bng 1.

CH THCH 1: Bt c mt h, ng rnh, hay mt ng thng gi nm pha di vng 1 hoc vng 2 c coi

nh l vng 1 tr khi c ngn ph hp.
CH THCH 2: Khi ngoi tri my ho hi phi c ph bng my che.

39

TCVN 7441 : 2004

Ph lc E
(quy nh)
Bo co tng kt cng tc kim tra, kim nh, kho st
Hng mc
Bn di t/
bn lp t

Bn trn mt t
c l ngi chui

Thi hn kim tra kim

nh
(i)
t nht 1 ln trong
thi gian 10 nm u tin
khi bt u s dng
(ii)
Sau khi ht hn thi
gian trn sau c 5 nm/
1 ln

Bin php thc hin

Kim tra bng cch quan st bn trong v

kim tra bn ngoi
Th thu lc
Siu m kim tra dy
kim tra t tnh
Kim tra dy sn

5 nm

Kim tra bng cch quan st bn trong v

kim tra bn ngoi

10 nm

Kim tra bng quan st bn trong v kim tra

bn ngoi
Th thu lc
Siu m kim tra dy
Kim tra t tnh

Bn trn mt t 5 nm
c ph lp chng
chy
10 nm

Kim tra bng cch soi bn trong v kim tra

bn ngoi

Kim tra bng soi bn trong v kim tra bn

ngoi
Th thu lc
Siu m kim tra dy
Kim tra t tnh

Bn trn mt t 5 nm
c ph lp chng
chy

Bn nh

Kim tra bng soi bn trong v kim tra bn ngoi

5 nm

Kim tra bng quan st bn trong v kim tra

bn ngoi
Th thu lc
Siu m kim tra dy
Kim tra t tnh

Th thu lc
My ho hi

5 nm

Van an ton

5 nm

Thay th, bo dng

H thng bo v
chng n mn
catt

6 thng

Kim tra v kim nh li

40

Th thu lc

Tham
chiu

TCVN 7441 : 2004

ng trn

Hng nm

Kim tra bng mt/ r r

Van an ton thu

lc

10 nm

Thay th, bo dng

Lp t LPG

Hng nm

Bo co kim tra nh my v bo tr

41