PSCAD Power Electronics Lab Manual

Laboratory Experiment1: Buck and Boost Converter

Objective: To understand the operation of buck and boost converter
Laboratory Tasks:
1. Construct the model of buck and boost converter
2. Compare the simulation results with the theoretical values
Circuit 1:
IGBT

IL
21 [uH]

0.5
A
B Comparator

Figure 1: Buck Converter

Design Equations:
Vin =20
Vout =10
D=Vout/Vin=0.5
FS=400 KHz
IL =2 Amps
Iripple =30% of IL
Vripple= 0.05
DT :=

D
Fs

= 1.25 10

Inductor := ( Vin Vout)

Capacitor :=

DT
Iripple

= 2.083 10

DT Iripple

= 2.344 10 5

Vripple ESR Iripple

10.0 [ohm]

Vo
23.0 [uF]

Vmid

0.01 [ohm]

Vs

! Build the above the circuit, right click on the blank space of the design editor and select project
settings, enter the time step=plot step= 0.25us (1/10FS) and duration of run=0.05s. Run the
simulation and verify the results with the theoretical values
! Change the value of duty cycle, run the simulation and verify the results
! Change the values of Inductor slightly and verify the current ripple with the theoretical value
Waveforms:
Main : Graphs

Vs
20.050
20.000
19.950
19.900
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0

PWM

Vmid

Duty Cycle

Triangular

21.0

Vo

-2.5

1.00

0.0
Inductor Current

1.40

0.60
0.003085

0.003090

0.003095

0.003100

0.003105

0.003110

Figure 2: DC Input, DC output, PWM output, Duty cycle with high frequency triangular waveform and Inductor current with
30% ripple

Circuit 2:
D

IL

Vs

312 [uH]

Vmid
20.0 [uF]

10.0 [ohm]

R=0

Vo

IGBT

0.5
A
B Comparator

Figure 3: Boost Converter

Design Equations:
Vin =20
Vout =40
D=1- Vout/Vin=0.5
FS=20 KHz
Iout =4 Amps
Iripple =15% of Iout
Vripple= 0.5
RL=10

Lmin :=
Cmin :=

D ( 1 D) 2 RL
5
= 3.125 10
2 Fs

( Vout D)
RL Vripple Fs

= 2 10

Choose L>>Lmin=10Lmin
Choose C=20uF

! Build the above the circuit, right click on the blank space of the design editor and select project
settings, enter the time step=plot step= 0.25us (1/10FS) and duration of run=0.05s. Run the
simulation and verify the results with the theoretical values
! Change the value of duty cycle, run the simulation and verify the results
! Change the values of Inductor and verify the current ripple with the theoretical value
! Change the values of capacitor and verify the voltage ripple with the theoretical value

Waveforms:
Main : Graphs
Vs

20.100

19.875
42.0
41.0
40.0
39.0
38.0
37.0
36.0

PWM

Vmid

Constant

Triangular

45.0

Vo

0.0

1.00

0.0
4.20
4.10
4.00
3.90
3.80
3.70
3.60

Inductor Current

0.00360

0.00370

0.00380

0.00390

0.00400

0.00410

0.00420

0.00430

0.00440

0.00450

Figure 4: DC Input, DC output, PWM output, Duty cycle with high frequency triangular waveform and Inductor current with
15% ripple

Laboratory Experiment2: Rectifier and Inverter

Objective:

To understand the operation of Rectifier and Inverter operation

Laboratory Tasks:
1. Understand the operation of rectifier and Inverter
2. Comment on the Harmonics measured in the secondary windings of star-delta
and star star winding of the transformer and also the DC side harmonics
3. Observe the 6 pulse and 12 pulse DC side waveforms
4. Compare the simulation results with the theoretical values
Circuit 1:

0.597 [H] 2.5 [ohm]

Meters
and
Graphs

SIMPLE 12-PULSE RECTIFIER

Workshop 1 (60 Hz case)
Course 24.799 - HVDC Transmission I
Prof. Ani Gole
Converted to V 3.x by J. Nordstrom
Feb 5, 2002

Idc

2.49 [ohm]0.597 [H]

Vdc12p

Acknowledgements:
the late Garry Mazur,
HVDC Controls expert
student, friend and
colleague

ComBus
AM
A

C 345.0 [kV]
215[kV]

1000 MVA, 345 kV60 Hz

597.766 [MVA]
#1

GM
GRD

#2

AO
4

Voltage Source

KB
R=0
V

Vdc6pY

Eab

3 Phase
RMS

AC Bus Volts

ComBus
AM
A
B

597.766 [MVA]
#1

Mag
(63)

11

GM

AO
4

1.0E6 [ohm]

FFT
IvaD

GRS

#2

C 345.0 [kV]
215 [kV]

Delta Transformer
Secondary
Winding
Phase A Line

KB

TIME

KBR

13

DC Signal
Filtering

Ph
(63)
F = 60.0 [Hz]

dc
Vdc12p

Vdc 6p Delta
F

Vdc6pY

G
1 + sT

Wye and Delta

Bridge

Source
Output

Transform...

Vdc 6p Delta Filt'd

Iad

12-Pulse
DC
FFT

Mag
(31)

1
Vdc6pY

Ph
(31)

Vdc12p
F = 60.0 [Hz]

Vdc 6p Wye

Pbus

PU Real Power

Delta Prim. Line Current

VvY
IvaD

G
1 + sT

dc

1
Vdc 6p Wye Filt'd

Qbus

PU Reactive Power

Delta Sec. Line Current

VvD
Iay
Eab

Vdc12p

Bus LL Voltage

Wye Prim. Line Current

Vdc 12p
IvaY

Base freq = 300

Hz

G
1 + sT

Idc

DC Current

Vdc 12p Filt`d

Figure 1: 12 Pulse Rectifier Circuit

(Source: Dr. Anirudh Gole, University of Manitoba)

Iasrc

Phase A Line Current

Wye Sec. Line Current

Alpha Order

Vdi

155

500

deg

deg
5

17.8
490
Figure 2: Sliders to control the alpha order and Inverter voltage

Design Equations:
Transformer Secondary Voltage = 215kV
Transformer Reactance =18%
Rectifier DC voltage =500kV
Required DC link current =2kA
Transformer MVA=597.77
Triggering angle=?
DC link resistance=5 ohm
Inverter DC voltage =?

Xc := Xtrfr

( Vsec 2)

Vsec =215kV
Xtrfr=18%
Vdr=500kV
Id=2kA
MVA =597.77
=?

Rdc=5 Ohm
Vdi= ?

MVA 2

Xc= 27.838 ohm

Vdr :=

(3

2 2 Vsec) cos ( )

3 Xc

Id

Vdr + 3 Id Xc

Cos ( ) :=

1
3 2 2 Vsec

=17.72 deg
Vdi := Vdr Id Rdc

Vdi=490kV
!

Run the simulation with firing angle set to 17.72 deg, compare the magnitude of DC output voltage of
rectifier with the theoretically calculated values.

Observe star-star and star-delta rectifier DC 6 pulse waveforms with and without filter. Also observe the
phase shift between both the DC 6 pulse waveforms created by transformer configuration (30 deg phase
shift) and also observe 12 pulse DC voltage waveforms.

Calculate the firing angles required to generate the different values of rectifier voltage, which in turn
allows flow of different values of DC current: 1.5kA, 1kA and 0.5 kA, Keeping inverter voltage constant
and verify with the theoretical values.

Keeping rectifier voltage constant, calculate the inverter voltage required to allow different values of DC
current. Verify with the simulation results.

Waveforms:
Voltages

DC 6 pulse waveforms (kV)

350

Vdc 6p Delta

Vdc 6p Wye

300
250
200
150
100
50

DC 12 Pulse Waveform (kV)

600

Vdc 12p

550
500
450
400
350
300
100

VvD #1

VvY #1

50

Valve voltages (kV)

0
-50
-100
-150
-200
-250
-300
-350
Time

0.1050

0.1100

0.1150

0.1200

0.1250

0.1300

0.1350

0.1400

0.1450

Figure 3: Output DC Voltage waveforms 6 pulse delta, 6 pulse star, 12 pulse and Fundamental Valve voltage on the star and
Delta side connected valves

Vsecharm_delta

Vdcharm
1.6

21.0

0.0

0.0

kV rms

[1] 0.320528

kV rms

[5] 0.270205

Figure 4: Harmonics in 12 pulse DC and secondary side of star-delta Transformer

AC Side Currents
3.0

Phase A Line Current

Phase A line current (kA)

2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0

Trfr. Primary line Currents (kA)

2.00

Delta Prim. Line Current

Wye Prim. Line Current

Delta Sec. Line Current

Wye Sec. Line Current

1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50

Trfr. Secondary line current (kA)

-2.00

Time

2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

0.200

0.220

0.240

0.260

Figure 5: Source Phase Current and Transformer primary and secondary line currents

Circuit 2:

0.597 [H] 2.5 [ohm]

Acknowledgements:
the former Garry Mazur,
HVDC Controls expert
student, friend and
colleague

2.5 [ohm] 0.597 [H]

Idc

SIMPLE 12-PULSE Inverter

Workshop 2 (60 Hz Case)
Course 24.799 - HVDC Transmission I
Dr. Ani Gole
Converted to V 3.x by J. Nordstrom
Feb 5, 2002

Meters
and
Graphs

Vdc12p

ComBus
AM
GM

230.0 [kV] C
207.115 [kV]

585.811 [MVA]

GRD

AO
5

R=0
V

KB

#2

#1

1000 MVA, 230 kV (nominal), 50 Hz

Voltage Source
A

Vdc6pY

Eab
3 Phase
RMS

AC Bus Volts

B
C

ComBus
AM
GM

AO

#1

230.0 [kV] C
207.115 [kV]

1.0E6 [ohm]

KB

#2

NOTE: CHECK ACTUAL SOURCE VOLTAGE.

230 kV is only the 'nameplate' voltage. You may (or may
not!)
have to edit the parameters to select YOUR desired
voltage!

585.811 [MVA]

GRS

KBI

TIME

Delta Transformer
Secondary
Winding
Phase A Line

Mag
(15)

FFT
IvaD

11

13

DC Signal
Filtering

Ph
(15)
dc

F = 60.0 [Hz]

Vdc12p

Vdc 6p Delta
F

Vdc6pY

G
1 + sT

Wye and Delta

Bridge

Source
Output

Transform...

Vdc 6p Delta Filt'd

Iad

12-Pulse
DC

Mag
(7)

FFT

1
Vdc6pY

Ph
(7)

Vdc12p

PU Real Power

Delta Prim. Line Current

IvaD

G
1 + sT

dc

F = 360.0 [Hz]

Pbus

VvY

Vdc 6p Wye

1
Vdc 6p Wye Filt'd

Qbus

PU Reactive Power

Delta Sec. Line Current

VvD
Iay
Eab

Vdc12p

Bus LL Voltage

Wye Prim. Line Current

Vdc 12p
IvaY

Base freq = 300

Hz

G
1 + sT

Idc
Vdc 12p Filt`d

Figure 6: 12 Pulse Inverter Circuit

Design Equations:
Transformer Secondary Voltage = 207.115kV
Transformer Reactance =18%
Rectifier DC voltage =?
Required DC link current =2kA
Transformer MVA=585.811
Triggering angle=?
DC link resistance=5 ohm
Inverter DC voltage =?
Xc := Xtrfr

( Vsec 2)

MVA 2

Xc= 26.361 ohm

Vdi :=

(3

2 2 Vsec) cos ( )

3 Xc

Id

Vdi=487.39kV

Expressing this equation in terms of

Vdi :=

(3

2 2 Vsec) cos ( )

+ 3 Xc

Id

Vsec =207.115kV
Xtrfr=18%
Vdr=?
Id=2kA
MVA =585.811
=16 deg, =?

Rdc=5 Ohm
Vdi= ?

DC Current

Iasrc

Phase A Line Current

Wye Sec. Line Current

 =141.38 deg
Vdr = Vdi + 5*Id*Xc
Vdr=497.39kV
!

Run the simulation with firing angle set to 141.38 deg, compare the magnitude of DC output voltage of
inverter with the theoretically calculated values.

Observe star-star and star-delta inverter DC 6 pulse waveforms with and without filter. Also observe the
phase shift between both the DC 6 pulse waveforms created by transformer configuration (30 deg phase
shift) and also observe 12 pulse DC voltage waveforms.

Calculate the firing angles required to generate the different values of inverter voltage, which in turn
allows flow of different values of DC current: 1.5kA, 1kA and 0.5 kA, Keeping rectifier voltage constant
and verify with the theoretical values.

Keeping inverter voltage constant, calculate the rectifier voltage required for different values of DC
current. Verify with the simulation results.

Waveforms:
Voltages
300

Vdc 6p Delta

Vdc 6p Wye

280

DC 6 pulse (kV)

260
240
220
200
180
160
530

Vdc 12p

520

DC 12 pulse (kV)

510
500
490
480
470
460
450
440
430
300

VvD #1

VvY #1

250

Vlave Voltages (kV)

200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
0.4600

0.4650

0.4700

0.4750

0.4800

0.4850

0.4900

0.4950

0.5000

Figure 7: Output DC Voltage waveforms 6 pulse delta, 6 pulse star, 12 pulse and Fundamental Valve voltage on the star and
Delta side connected valves

AC Side Currents
Phase A Line Current

5.0

Phase A line current (kA)

4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0

Transformer pri. line currents (kA)

3.0

Wye Prim. Line Current

Delta Sec. Line Current

Wye Sec. Line Current

2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
3.0

Transformer Sec. line currents (kA)

Delta Prim. Line Current

2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
0.175

0.200

0.225

0.250

0.275

0.300

0.325

0.350

0.375

0.400

Figure 8: Source Phase Current and Transformer primary and secondary line currents
Vsecharm_delta

Vdcharm
1.9

27.0

0.0

0.0

kV rms

[2] 26.0524

kV rms

[1] 1.8663

Figure 9: Harmonics in 12 pulse DC and secondary side of star-delta Transformer

Laboratory Experiment3: Simple VSI

Objective:

To understand the operation of simple Voltage Source Inverter

Laboratory Tasks:
1. Build a single phase Voltage Source Inverter model
2. Analyze waveforms
Circuit 1:
Vs

VL

S1
C1

S1
C2

R=0

IL
10 [ohm] 0.025 [H]

S1

C2

S1
C1

Figure 1: Single phase voltage source inverter

! Build the above circuit, right click on the blank space of the design editor and select project
settings, enter the time step=plot step= 5us (1/10FS) and duration of run=0.1s.
! Run the simulation and observe the output and input waveforms
! Change the switching frequency and comment on the output waveforms
Waveforms:

I/P and O/P Vol.

Main : Graphs
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150

High Freq. Pulse

1.00

VL

Vs

C1

C2

0.0

Inductor Current

IL
0.060
0.040
0.020
0.000
-0.020
-0.040
-0.060
Time
0.0134

0.0136

0.0138

0.0140

0.0142

0.0144

0.0146

Figure 2: Input and out voltage waveforms, Gate signals and output current

Laboratory Experiment3: Simple DC Machine Drive

Objective:

To understand the operation of simple DC Machine Drive

Motivation
Even though induction machines have become more popular nowadays, DC machines are used in
applications where it needs a great deal of flexibility in terms of controlling speed and torque. The
purpose of this exercise is to study the DC machine model available in the PSCAD master library and
investigate the drive circuit which is used to control the speed and torque of the machine.
PSCAD model
DC machine consists of two parts as Field and Armature. Field which can be either a winding or a
permanent magnet produces the required flux.
A schematic representation of a Two Winding DC Machine is shown below:

Figure 1: Schematic Representation of two winding DC machine

The Two Winding DC Machine shown in the Figure 1 above can be described by the following two
equations:

The effective induced voltage or the effective back emf, Ef_e, at any given speed can be derived from the
Open Circuit Voltage Characteristics and the Armature Reaction data.
NOTE: The variation and of La and Lf were not considered. Test results compared with simulations
showed that neglecting this does not have a significant effect on the accuracy.
The electro-mechanical torque, Te, developed by the machine is given by:
Te= k ia
Te in per unit is available as an output from the model
Consider the open circuit characteristic of the motor.
The induced voltage on the armature terminals, Ef0, when current, If, is flowing in the field winding is
given by:

Where:
w-

Rotor speed [rad/s]

-

Flux per pole

A constant

The open circuit characteristic at the given speed, w1, takes the form shown below:

Figure 2 : Open circuit characteristic at the given speed w1

The variation of the term k can be derived from the characteristics shown below:

Figure 3: Variation of k

k is expressed in the form:

Where:

If

Field current
Saturation constant. Can be estimated

Ifdo using a suitable curve fitting method

w
Te

+
+
-

Figure 4 : Two winding DC machine model in PSCAD

Fig.4: represents the two winding DC machine model available under Machines in the Master library
in PSCAD. The armature terminals (right side + and -) and the field winding terminals (top + and -) are
available as external electrical connections. This enables the simulation of a separately excited machine,
shunt machine or a series machine.
The input and output signals for this component is described as follows:
W: Input mechanical speed of the rotor [pu]
Te: Output electric torque generated by the machine [pu]
Throughout this exercise, a separately excited DC machine is used.
System Overview
DC machine with controllable DC voltage sources. (Case DC_machine_intro.pscx)
Figure 5 represents a separately excited DC machine whose field and armature winding are varied using
controllable voltage sources during runtime.

Figure 5 ; DC machine with controllable DC voltage sources

Mechanical Model of the system

The differential equation of the load model is given by the following equation. In here T is the
accelerating torque; J and B are the inertia and friction of the load and motor.

T = Te Tm
Te = Electrical torque, Tm = Mechanical torque
This differential equation can be modeled using control block as shown in Fig: 4. Consider the summing
point prior to the integrator. It gives the following equation.

Mechanical System
Model
Rated Speed
wb
wb [1/s]
J

J (Rotating Inertia)

D
J
J [kg.m2]

B
B [N.m.s ]

Te

20.0
Rated Current

1
sT

N/D

Tl
N/D

N/D

wm

D
wb

Tl [N.m]

D
100.0
Rated Voltage

Load Torque [N.m]

wb

B (Damping Coefficient)

J [kg.m2]
0.05

Main : Controls
B [N.m.s]
wb [1/s]
0.1

Tl [N.m]
20

pu

250

0.01

0.04

188.5

Figure 6 : Mechanical model of the system

DC machines with two DC voltage sources and a chopper circuit to control the armature voltage
(Case : dc_machine_drive_dc.pscx)
In this part of the exercise, field winding voltage is kept at a constant value while armature voltage is
varied using a chopper circuit. Chopper is built using four individual fully controlled switches (in this
exercise, Insulated Gate Bipolar Junction Transistor (IGBT) is used). Gate signals for the switches are
generated using the motor drive circuit and the firing pulse generation scheme as described next.
Motor drive circuit (Figure 8) compares the speed reference with the actual measurement and
generates the control signal for the firing pulse generation circuit. High frequency triangle waveform is
compared with the generated control signal to produce the gate signal in the firing pulse generation
circuit (Figure 9).

R=0
3

2
gt1

If

R=0

2
gt3

Ea

Ia

w
wm

+
-

Eab
Eb

Te
Te

2
gt4

2
gt2

Figure 7 : DC machine with chopper circuit on the armature circuit

(a). Motor drive circuit

P
= 9.622
T
= 0.2 [s]
Max.Lmit = 10000
Min.Limit = -10000

P
= 0.605
T
= 0.04 [s]
Max.Lmit = 10000
Min.Limit = -10000

P
D
speed ref
wm

P
D

I
F

vcontrol

I
F

Speed
controller

Ia

*
1000

DC motor drive

Figure 8: Motor Drive Circuit

*
0.02

Current
controller

(b)

Firing pulse generation circuit

F = 500 Hz

A
gt1
B Comparator

vtri

gt2

vcontrol

gt1

vcntl2

gt3
B Comparator

-1.0

gt3

gt4

Firing pulse generator

Figure 9: Firing pulse generation circuit

1. DC machine with two AC systems and six pulse bridge circuit (Case : Simple_DC_Drive.pscx)
DC supplies are normally not available through utility supply. Three phase or single phase ac supply at
50/60 Hz is the distributed supply. This part of exercise demonstrates how to drive a dc motor using a
three phase voltage supply.
a.

Rectifier based DC motor drive: Field winding and the armature winding of the dc machine are
connected to three phase sources through a six pulse bridge converter. The purpose of the six
pulse bridge is to convert the AC source to a controllable DC supply. Two winding DC machine
(Fig: 2) model under the Machines in the Master library is used as the DC machine. 6 pulse
bridge (Fig: 1) component in the library HVDC, FACTS, Power electronics in the Master
library is used as the converter bridge. This reduces the time and efforts needed to build the six
pulse bridge using individual thyristors. This component is a compact representation of a DC
converter, which includes a built in 6-pulse Graetz converter bridge (can be inverter or rectifier),
an internal Phase Locked Oscillator (PLO), firing and valve blocking controls and firing angle
(a)/extinction angle (g) measurements. It also includes built in RC snubber circuits for each
thyristor.
ComBus
AM
A

GM

B
C

AO
4

KB

Figure 10 : Three phase view of the Six-pulse Bridge

Five main control inputs/outputs are available in the six pulse bridge namely AM, GM, AO, KB and
ComBus. ComBus is used to give the input signal to the Phase locked Oscillator. This ensures the periodic
nature of the converter output. Other nodes function are given below
AO: Input alpha order (firing angle) for the converter.
KB: Input block/deblock control signal.
AM: Measured alpha (firing angle) output [rad].
GM: Measured gamma (extinction angle) output [rad]
We are interested in only KB, AO and ComBus for this study. Firing angle of the two converters which
are generated by the field current control system and amateur current control system are fed into the
AO input of the respective converter bridge.
If
Vf

ComBus
AM

Vf
A

GM
If

Theta_f

0.005 [H]

KB

1.0

V
A

*
0.25

0.005 [H]

0.005 [H]

Vnet

AO
4

Ia

Va

G
1 + sT

1 [H]

Va
Va_fltr

Va

ComBus
AM

Ia
A
B
C

GM

B
C

wm
Te
Te

AO
Theta_a
4

V
A

KB

1.0
wm

0.001 [H]

*
0.5

0.001 [H]

0.001 [H]

Vnet

+
-

Armature Rectifier

Figure 11 : Electrical system of the Simple DC drive circuit

a.

Field current control system

Field Current
Control Loop

P
Va_ref D

P
If_ref D

F
Va_fltr

ArcCos

Theta_f

F
If

Figure 12 : Field current control system

Figure 12 represents the block diagram of the field current control system which produces the gate
signal for the converter bridge in the field winding. This control system consists of two loops. Outer loop
which compare the reference armature voltage and actual mature voltage, generates the reference field
current. Inner current control loop compares the reference field current produces by the outer loop
with the actual field current to generate the field converter gate signals
b. Armature current control system
Armature Current
Control Loop

P
w_ref D

F
wm

P
Ia_ref D

ArcCos

Theta_a

F
Ia

Figure 13: Armature current control system

Armature current control scheme works similar to the field current control system. Speed reference and
actual speed are compared at the outer loop to generate the armature current reference to the inner
current control loop which generates the armature converter gate signals.
Experiment
1. Build a new case and save it as Simple_DC_Dr_1.pscx and build the circuit as in Figure 5. Study the DC
motor parameters in the PSCAD model. Change the armature and field voltage and see how the speed
and load torque are varied. Save the system as Simple_DC_Dr_2.pscx
2. Modify the case Simple_DC_Dr_2.pscx as in Figure 7. Change the Dc voltage sources Input method
as internal. Set the armature voltage source as 0.13 kV and field voltage source as 0.05 kV. Model the
motor drive and firing pulse generation circuits as depicted in Figure 8 and Figure 9. Investigate the
various components in the control circuit. Vary the speed reference and observe the change of system
parameters.

1. Save the case Simple_DC_Dr_3.pscx. Remove the DC sources and motor drive circuits from the
case and modify it to have a case as representing in Figures 11, 12 and 13. Investigate the six pulse
bridge component and its parameters. Varied the speed reference and observe the system
parameters.
Results
1. Following sequence is applied instead of changing sliders for varying Va and Vf.
S

Start
Sequence

Va = 0.0
S

Set

Set

Va = 0.1

Vf = 0.03

Wait For

Vf = 0.02

1.5 [s]

Set

Set

Wait For
1.5 [s]

Va = 0.1
S

Va = 0.05

1.5 [s]

Set

1.5 [s]

Set

Wait For

Wait For

Wait For
1.5 [s]

Figure 14 : Changing sequence of Va and Vf

Main : Graphs
wm
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.25
3.0

Te

2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
sec

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Figure 15 : Speed and Torque characteristic

2. Speed reference is changed using slider during the runtime.

9.0

Vf = 0.03

10.0

Set

1.20

wm

wref

Speed (pu)

1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00

Field Current (A)

If
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00

Armature Current (A)

25.0

Ia

20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
-5.0
-10.0
0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

Figure 16 : Speed and Torque characteristic

3. Speed reference is changed using Single Input Level Comparator available in the
PSCAD Master library under CSMF as shown below. Here simulation run time is
compared and if it exceeds the threshold limit set in the component, it changes the
output value.
TIME

Figure 17 : way of Changing Speed reference

Main : Graphs
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00

1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60

Va

Vf

Ia

If

wm

0.40
0.20
0.00
-0.20
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
0.0

Va_fltr

2.0

4.0

6.0

Figure 18 : Output results

8.0

10.0

12.0

Main : Graphs
1.20

wm_ref

wm

1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
-0.20
x

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

Figure 19 : Speed characteristic

As seen from the m graph, speed is first settled at 0.9 pu. After the reference is changed to 1.1 pu
at t = 5 s, it is settled at that value.

Laboratory Experiment 5: Power Quality Analysis using simple

diode bridge rectifier
Objective: To understand the operation of simple diode bridge rectifier and
Harmonic analysis

Laboratory Tasks:
1. Construct a simple diode bridge rectifier
2. Harmonic analysis of the source side waveforms
Circuit 1:

A
V

15.0 [ohm]

1000.0 [uF]

Vd

Figure 1: Uncontrolled Rectifier

(Source: Ned Mohan)

Design Equations:
Vs=100
f=50
Vripple=10
Vdc := 3

Vm

Vdc=135
Vripple :=

1
2 f C

C=1000uF
! Build the above the circuit, run the simulation with default runtime settings and verify the
results with the theoretical values
! Change the value of source impedance from resistance to inductance and observe the effect on
harmonics and DC output voltage
! Measure the source side harmonics using FFT and comment on the type of harmonics and THD

Waveforms:
Main : Graphs
30

Source Voltage

Source Voltage

20
10
0
-10
-20
-30

Source Current

100
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-75
-100

DC Voltage

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
x

0.050

Source Current

Output DC Voltage

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

Figure 2: Source Voltage, Source Current and DC voltage

Harmonics
8.0

Main : C...
THD

0.0

[1] 7.23658
Figure 3: Harmonics and THD

91.0165

0.350