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These data, formulae and relationships are for the use of candidates
following the Physics B (Advancing Physics) specification.
Clean copies of this booklet must be available in the examination room, and
must be given up to the invigilator at the end of the examination.
Copies of this booklet may be used for teaching.
OCR 2009
GCE Physics B (Advancing Physics)
Data
Values are given to three significant figures, except where more or fewer are useful.
Physical constants
speed of light
0
0
charge on electron
1.60 1019 C
mass of electron
me
mass of proton
mp
mass of neutron
mn
m
Avogadro constant
L, NA
Planck constant
6.63 1034 J s
Boltzmann constant
1.38 10-23 J K1
8.31 J mol1 K1
OCR 2009
GCE Physics B (Advancing Physics)
CST254
Other data
273 K (0C), 1.01 105 Pa (1 atmosphere)
2.24 102 m3
Vm
9.81 N kg1
Conversion factors
unified atomic mass unit
1u
= 1.661 1027 kg
1 day
= 8.64 104 s
1 year
3.16 107 s
1 light year
1016 m
1 radian = 57.3
= 3.14
arc = r
sin tan
and cos 1 for small
area of circle = r 2
curved surface area of cylinder = 2rh
ln(xn) = n lnx
volume of cylinder = r 2h
ln(ekx) = kx
4 3
r
3
Prefixes
1012
109
106
103
103
106
109
OCR 2009
GCE Physics B (Advancing Physics)
CST254
1 1 1
= +
v u f
Cartesian convention
(object distance u,
image distance v, focal length f)
refractive index
(refractive index n)
b = log2
V
Vtotal
or 2b = total
Vnoise
Vnoise
Electricity
I = Q
t
current
potential difference
V= E
Q
power
P = IV = I 2R
Vload = Ir
R= V
I
(resistance R, conductance G,
potential difference V, current I )
G = G1 + G2 + .......
(conductors in parallel)
resistance
R = R1 + R2 + .......
(resistors in series)
G = A , R = l
l
A
(conductivity , resistivity ,
cross section A, length l )
C= Q
V
capacitance
energy stored = 1 QV = 1 CV 2
2
2
t
Q = Q0e /RC
discharge of capacitor
= RC
(time constant )
density
=M
V
Hookes law
F = kx
Materials
stress =
tension
cross-sectional area
strain =
extension
original length
Young modulus =
stress
strain
1 2
kx
2
OCR 2009
GCE Physics B (Advancing Physics)
CST254
Gases
ideal gas equation
pV = nRT
pV =
1
Nmc2
3
p = mV
impulse = Ft
Fsin
F
work = Fx
power = Fv
equations for uniformly accelerated motion
s = ut +
Fcos
(speed v)
1 2
at
2
v = u + at
v 2 = u 2 + 2as
a=
mv 2
v2 ,
F=
r
r
(radius of circle r)
Boltzmann factor
OCR 2009
GCE Physics B (Advancing Physics)
efficiency =
E = mc
e(E/kT )
CST254
Waves
(on a distant screen from a diffraction
grating or double slit; order n, wavelength ,
angles of maxima )
n = dsin
v = f
Oscillations
k
d 2x
=a=
x = (2f)2x
2
m
dt
[ ]
x = A cos 2 ft
(acceleration a,
force per unit displacement k, mass m,
displacement x, frequency f)
(amplitude A, time t)
x = A sin 2 ft
T = 2
f=
total energy E =
m
k
(periodic time T)
1
T
1 2 1
1
kA = mv 2 + kx2
2
2
2
radioactive decay
N = N0et
T1 =
2
ln2
(half-life T1)
2
Erest = mc2
Etotal = Erest
E = hf
=
OCR 2009
GCE Physics B (Advancing Physics)
l
1 v 2/c2
h
p
field strength =
gravitational fields
g=
dV
V
dr
r
F
m
Vgrav =
GMm
GM ,
F = 2 (gravitational potential Vgrav, force F,
r
r
gravitational constant G, mass M, distance r)
Electric fields
E=
Velec =
F
q
kQ
kQq
F= 2
r
r
Electromagnetism
force on a current carrying conductor
F = ILB
F = qvB
=
ideal transformer
OCR 2009
GCE Physics B (Advancing Physics)
d(N
)
dt
V1 = N1
V2 N2
I2 = N1
I1 N2
CST254
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OCR 2009
GCE Physics B (Advancing Physics)
CST254