Fluid Mechanics

Assignment 3

2016

Pages: 5
Questions: 10

UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA
[Australian Maritime College]

JEE221 Fluid Mechanics

Dr Rouzbeh Abbassi

Deadline: Wednesday 12/10/2016 (5 pm)

Instructions:
Total marks = 100 (10% of the final Mark)

Marks for each part are indicated

Answer ALL questions (10 in total)

State all assumptions and show all workings, including diagrams

Fluid Mechanics

Assignment 3

Question 1. In Figure 1, there are 38.1 m of pipe with diameter of 0.051 m, 22.7 m of
pipe with diameter of 0.152 m, and 45.7 m of pipe with diameter of 0.076 m, all cast
iron. There are three 90 elbows and an open globe valve, all flanged. If the exit
elevation is zero, what horsepower is extracted by the turbine when the flow rate is
0.0045m3/s of water at 20C? Note: take = 1000 kg/m3 , = 10-3 kg/m.s and mean
roughness is = 0.26 mm.
(10 marks)

Elevation 30.5m
0.051 m

0.152 m

0.076 m

Figure 1. Piping and turbine system

Question 2. A blower delivers air at 3000 m3/h to the duct circuit in Figure 2. Each duct is
commercial steel and of square cross section, with side lengths a1 = a3 = 20 cm and a2 = a4 =
12 cm. Assuming sea-level air conditions ( = 1.2 kg/m3 , = 1.8 E-5 kg/m.s), estimate the
power required if the blower has an efficiency of 75%, mean roughness of the duct is = 0.046
mm . Neglect minor losses.
(10 marks)

Figure 2. Duct Circuit with Blower

Fluid Mechanics

Assignment 3

Question 3. The showerhead in Figure 3 delivers water at 50C. An orifice-type flow reducer
is to be installed. What flow rate, in gal/min, results without the reducer? What reducer orifice
diameter would decrease the flow by 40 percent? Take = 988 kg/m3 , = 0.54E-3 kg/m.s
and the pressure in the head is p=400 kPa.
(10 marks)

Figure 3. Flow through Showerhead

Question 4. A wedge splits a sheet of 20C water, as shown in Figure 4. Both wedge
and sheet are very long into the paper. If the force required to hold the wedge
stationary is F = 124 N per meter of depth into the paper, what is the angle of the
wedge? Take = 998 kg/m3.
(10 marks)

Figure 4. Splitting Water Flow with a Wedge

Fluid Mechanics

Assignment 3

Question 5. A 12-cm-diameter pipe, containing water flowing at 200 N/s, is capped by

an orifice plate, as shown in Figure 5. The exit jet is 25 mm in diameter. The pressure
in the pipe at section 1 is 800 kPa (gauge). Calculate the force F required to hold the
orifice plate. Take = 998 kg/m3.
(10 marks)
2.5 cm

7.6 cm

0.61 m

Figure 5. Orifice in a Pipe

Question 6. A horizontal air jet having a velocity of 50 m/s and a diameter of 20 mm

strikes the inside surface of a hollow hemisphere as indicated in Figure 6. How large
is the horizontal anchoring force (FA) to hold the hemisphere in place? Note: the
magnitude of velocity of air remains constant.
(10 marks)

Figure 6. Air jet striking a hollow hemisphere

Fluid Mechanics

Assignment 3

Question 7. A pump is to be specified to transport oil of specific gravity 0.87

(kinematic viscosity: 1.9 mm2/s) from a holding tank to a service tank 8 metres above.
The proposed mild steel piping run is 37 metres long with an internal diameter of 40
mm and includes three 90o smooth bends, four gate valves and one strainer. (10 marks)
a) What is power required to be delivered to the oil by the pump in order to
achieve a maximum mass flow rate of 100 tonnes per day? (3 marks)
b) What is the NPSH required in order to avoid cavitation inside the pump
(assume that the pump is on the lower deck). (3 marks)
c) What type of pump would be the most suitable for this application and why?
(2 marks)
d) What is the mechanical power required to be supplied to the pump shaft in
order to achieve the desired flow rate? (2 marks)
Question 8. An ultralight airplane has a wing with an aspect ratio of 5 and with lift
and drag coefficient corresponding to the below figure. The planform area of the wing
is 18.58 m2. The total weight of the flying airplane is 1800 N. The airplane flies at 15.24
m/s in air with a density of 1.03 kg/m3.
(a): Find the angle of attack and the drag force on the wing? (4 marks)
(b): What is the stall speed? (4 marks)
(c): What is the angle of attack to take off at 65 km/h? (2 marks)

Figure 7. Coefficient of lift for various angle if attacks

(10 marks)

Fluid Mechanics

Assignment 3

Question 9. A helium-filled balloon in Figure 8 is tethered at 20C and 1 atm with a

string of negligible weight and drag. The diameter is 50 cm and the balloon material
weighs 0.2 N, not including the helium. If the helium pressure is 120 kPa, estimatre
the tilt angle if the airstream velocity U is a) 5 m/s b) 10 m/s. Note that helium density
is helium = 0.197 kg/m3, air density is air = 1.23 kg/m3 and its viscosity is = 1.8E-5 kg/m.s)
(10 marks)

Figure 8. Helium-filled balloon subjected to air stream

Question 10. Estimate the wind velocity necessary to blow over the train car shown
in Figure 9, if the weight of the car is 250 kN and air density air = 1.23 kg/m3
(10
marks)

Figure 9. Train car subjected to cross wind