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1.
2.
Calculate the engineering stress in SI units on a bar 25 cm long and having a cross
section of 9.00 mm x 4.00 mm that is subjected to a load of 3500 kg.
Solution:
3.
(Note that these data only give the beginning part of the stress-strain curve.)
Solution:
(a)
(b)
The 0.02 % offset yield stress was found graphically as approximately 450 MPa.
(c)
The modulus of elasticity is found from the slope of the 0.2% offset curve as:
4.
5.
which, when substituting the parameters stipulated in the problem statement, yields
( 430 N )(55 10 3 m)
R
6
2
(115 10 N / m )( )
R = 4.0 x 10-3m
6.
The modulus of elasticity for silicon carbide having 2.5 vol.% porosity is 320 GPa.
i)
Compute the modulus of elasticity for the non-poros materials
ii)
Compute the modulus of elasticity for the 5 vol.% porosity materials
Solution:
i)
Eo
320 GPa
335 GPa #
1 - 1.9(0.025) 0.9(0.025) 2
ii)
E = 335 GPa [1-1.9(0.05) + 0.9(0.05)2]
= 304 GPa
7.
(i) Define the hardness of a metal and (ii) How is the hardness of a material
determined by a hardness testing machine?
Solution:
i) Hardness is a measure of the resistance of a metal to permanent deformation.
ii) Hardness is measured by forcing an indenter into the metal surface. The hardness
measurement is made either from the depth of penetration of the indenter or by
the size of the indentation.
8.
9.
Following is tabulated data that were gathered from a series of Charphy impact tests
on a commercial low-carbon steel alloy.
Temperature (oC)
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
i)
ii)
iii)
Solution:
i)
ii)
The average of the maximum and minimum impact energies from the data is
As indicated on the plot by the one set of dashed lines, the ductile-to-brittle
transition temperature according to this criterion is about 10C.
iii) Also, as noted on the plot by the other set of dashed lines, the ductile-to-brittle
transition temperature for impact energy of 20 J is about 2C.