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GENERATOR PROTECTION
SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONS
Protection, metering, and monitoring for the generator shall be provided by a
microprocessor-based package. The microprocessor-based package shall be
suitable for synchronous or induction machines, using any prime mover, any type
of connection (bus, unit) and any type of grounding (direct ground; low
impedance, high impedance), and any type of excitation (brushed or brushless).
Protection:
Protection functions shall include the following:
Phase Distance (21) Three-zone impedance elements shall be provided for system
phase fault back up protection. Load encroachment blinders may be applied for any
zone. Selectable out-of-step blocking of zone 1 or zone 2 shall be provided. The
elements shall be able to compensate for phase shift that occurs through a delta/wye
step up transformer.
Overexcitation (24) Overexcitation protection shall be provided based on volts/hertz
measurement. Two definite-time and one selectable curve inverse-time element
shall be provided to match the generator and transformer limit curve. The inversetime element shall have an adjustable reset timer to account for the thermal effects
of repeated violation of the setting. The overexcitation protection function shall
operate properly over a range of frequency from 2 Hz to 80Hz.
Sync Check (25) A synchronism check element shall be provided employing phase
angle/slip limit criteria and voltage limits. Dead voltage limits shall also be provided.
Phase Undervoltage (27) Three phase undervoltage elements shall be provided.
Directional Power (32) Three power elements shall be provided, selectable as
forward/reverse and over/under. For medium to large steam generator units, this
function shall have a pickup sensitivity from 0.003 to 0.005pu. In addition, one of the
elements may be configured for real or reactive power.
Loss of Field (40) A Two-zone, positive-sequence impedance mho element for lossof-field detection shall be provided. Each zone shall have a selectable undervoltage
supervision for accelerated tripping. Each element may be offset individually, and a
directional blinder shall be provided to restrict tripping in the VAr output region. The
loss of field function shall work properly over a frequency range from 50 to 70 Hz.
Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) Negative-sequence overcurrent protection
shall be provided with definite-time and inverse-time elements. The element will
have an adjustable reset timer to account for the thermal effects of repeated violation
of the setting. The negative sequence element shall have a programmable definite
maximum time to reduce tripping time for modest unbalances. In order to prevent
misoperations during fault conditions the negative sequence element shall have a
fixed minimum definite time of around 12 cycles.
Stator Overload (49) Thermal overload protection shall be provided employing the
IEC-255-8 thermal model for stator overload protection
Breaker Failure (50BF, 50N-BF) Breaker failure protection shall be provided
employing current detection and breaker status inputs and means to detect open
breaker pole-flashover.
Definite Time Overcurrent (50DT) A three-phase definite time overcurrent element
shall be provided for use in split phase differential protection applications or as
current detectors for flexible logic schemes.
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Application Flexibility
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Access/Communications/Integration Capabilities
The relay shall provide access via a front-panel HMI and target module. The following
communication ports shall be provided:
Two RS-232 serial ports, one located on the front of the relay, and one located on the
rear of the relay. As an alternative, an Ethernet port shall be available in place of the
rear RS-232 port.
One isolated RS-485 serial port on the rear of the relay.
RS-232, RS-485 and Ethernet ports shall support Modbus or DNP 3.0 or IEC61850
communication.
One IRIG-B port.
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recorder shall continue to store data in memory for a user-defined, post-trigger delay
period. Records may be stored in COMTRADE format.
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fuses to independent batteries and/or ac power sources to keep the protective relay
operational during a battery/ac power source failure.
Standards
The relay shall be able to meet the following standards:
Voltage Withstand
Dielectric Withstand
IEC 255-5 3,500 V dc for 1 minute applied to each independent circuit to earth
3,500 V dc for 1 minute applied between each independent circuit
1,500 V dc for 1 minute applied to IRIG-B circuit to earth
1,500 V dc for 1 minute applied between IRIG-B to each independent circuit
1,500 V dc for 1 minute applied between RS-485 to each independent circuit
Impulse Voltage
IEC 255-5 5,000 V pk, +/- polarity applied to each independent circuit to earth
5,000 V pk, +/- polarity applied between each independent circuit
1.2 by 50 s, 500 ohms impedance, three surges at 1 every 5 seconds
Insulation Resistance
IEC 255-5 > 40 Megaohms
Electrical Environment
Electrostatic Discharge Test
IEC 1000-4-2 Class 4 (8 kV)point contact discharge
NOTE: Digital data circuits (RS-232 communication ports) may be excluded.
Fast Transient Disturbance Test
IEC 1000-4-4 Class 4 (4 kV, 2.5 kHz)
NOTE: Digital data circuits (RS-232 communication ports) may be excluded.
Surge Withstand Capability
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1 2; 2,500 V pk-pk oscillatory applied to each independent circuit to
earth, 500 V pk-pk applied between each independent circuit
5,000 V pk Fast Transient applied to each independent circuit to earth
5,000 V pk Fast Transient applied between each independent circuit
NOTE: Digital data circuits (RS-232 & IRIG-B communication ports) may be excluded
Radiated Susceptibility
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.2; 25-1000 Mhz @ 35 V/m, including keying test
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Output Contacts
ANSI/IEEE C37.90; Make 30 A for 0.2 seconds, off for 15 seconds for 2,000 operations.
Atmospheric Environment
Temperature
IEC 68-2-1 Cold, 20 C for 96 hours
IEC 68-2-2 Dry Heat, +70 C for 96 hours
IEC 68-2-3 Damp Heat, +40 C @ 93% RH, for 96 hours
Mechanical Environment
Vibration
IEC 255-21-1 Vibration response Class 1, 0.5 g
Vibration endurance Class 1, 1.0 g
Certification Compliance
UL-Listed per 508 Industrial Control Equipment
CSA-Certified per C22.2 No. 14-95 Industrial Control Equipment
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