100 Worksheets: Bridges

Exclusivo do(a) Docente
Bridging
100 WORKSHEETS
BRIDGES
Ingls 10 Ano
Celeste Simes / Helena Oliveira
INCLUI
100 chas fotocopiveis para utilizar em sala
de aula, divididas em trs grandes blocos:
CLIL,
temas e contedos que fazem
a ponte com outras reas curriculares
Literature, Music & Cinema,
para aprofundamento da cultura
de lngua inglesa
Vocabulary, Pronunciation & Speaking,
para trabalho especco sobre a lngua
Exclusivo do(a) Docente
Bridging
100 WORKSHEETS
BRIDGES
Ingls 10 Ano
Celeste Simes / Helena Oliveira
ndice
CLIL - CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING
Geology ..........................................................................................................................................
Geography ....................................................................................................................................
Biology ............................................................................................................................................
13
Chemistry .....................................................................................................................................
17
Physics...........................................................................................................................................
21
Mathematics .............................................................................................................................. 25
Economics ................................................................................................................................... 29
Philosophy ................................................................................................................................... 33
History............................................................................................................................................. 37
Physical Education ................................................................................................................
41
Arts .................................................................................................................................................... 45
ICT....................................................................................................................................................... 49
LITERATURE, MUSIC & CINEMA
Literature....................................................................................................................................... 57
Music ............................................................................................................................................... 69
Cinema ............................................................................................................................................ 84
VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION
Vocabulary ................................................................................................................................. 101
Pronunciation ............................................................................................................................. 107
Speaking Activities ............................................................................................................... 113
ANSWER KEY ......................................................................................................................................... 121
CONTENT
AND LANGUAGE
INTEGRATED
LEARNING
Geology
Geography
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Mathematics
Economics
Philosophy
History
Physical Education
Arts
ICT
pp. 05-08
pp. 09-12
pp. 13-16
pp. 17-20
pp. 21-24
pp. 25-28
pp. 29-32
pp. 33-36
pp. 37-40
pp. 41-44
pp. 45-48
pp. 49-54
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
GEOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CLASS: _________________ No.: _________________ DATE: ________ /________ / ________ GRADE: ___________________
ROCKS
1.
This diagram shows the Rock Cycle. Complete

it with the correct types of rocks.
1.
1.1 Match these denitions to the types of rocks

you identied.
a. These rocks have been modied by heat,
pressure and chemical process usually
while buried deep below Earths surface.
Exposure to these extreme conditions
has altered their mineralogy, texture and
chemical composition.
Cooling
Melting
Weathering
and Erosion
Magma
Heat and
Pressure
Sediments
Melting
Weathering
and Erosion
b. These rocks are formed from the

solidication of molten rock material.
Weathering
and Erosion
c. These rocks are formed by the

accumulation of sediments.
3.
2.
2. Identify these rocks. Use the following words.

Conglomerate
Gneiss
Andesite
Marble
Granite
Anthracite Coal
a. ______________________
b. _____________________
c. _____________________
d. ______________________
e. _____________________
f. _____________________
2.1 To what group of rocks do they belong?
5 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
GEOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SOLAR SYSTEM
1.
Identify all the planets in the Solar System.

h.
g.
f.
e.
d.
c.
b.
a.
2. What are dwarf planets? Mention some you know.

3. Complete the text with the following words.
huge object
Sun
satellites
Milky Way
4.5 billion
elliptical
cloud of gas
meteoroids
asteroid belt
gas stream
mass
gravitational pull
The words Solar System refer to the a.__________and all of the objects that travel around it. These objects
include planets, natural b. __________ such as the Moon, the c.__________ , comets, and d.__________ . Our
solar system has an e. __________ shape and is part of a galaxy known as the f.__________ . The Sun is the
centre of the solar system. It contains 99.8% of all of the g. __________ in our solar system. Consequently,
it exerts a tremendous h. __________ on planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. Astronomers
believe the solar system formed i.LLLLLLLLLLfRN_`NT\5\dRcR_aURfQVR_V[aURV_ORYVRS`NO\baU\d
aUR`fàRZS\_ZRQ@\ZRORYVRcRaURdU\YR`\YN_`fàRZS\_ZRQS_\ZN`V[TYRNaj. __________, while
others believe it formed when a k.LLLLLLLLLL]N``RQ[RN_aUR@b[]bYYV[TNà_RNZ\STN`\\SaUR@b[
Astronomers theorize the planets then formed from this l. __________ .
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/, (adapted), accessed in January 2013
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
GEOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
VOLCANOLOGY I
1.
What is Volcanology?
2. Match the words below with the numbers in the picture.
Base
Ash Cloud
Bedrock
Flank
Magma Chamber
Branch pipe
Layers of Ash
Throat
Sill
Conduit (pipe)
Crater
Layers of lava
Parasitic Cone
Vent
7 10.o Ano BRIDGES
Lava ow
PHOTOCOPIABLE
GEOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
VOLCANOLOGY II
1.
Read the following excerpt from an interview with Rosaly M. C. Lopes, a Brazilian Planetary
Scientist at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
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10
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Planetary Geology, which I found fascinating. One day the professor didnt show up and sent a postdoc
as a substitute. He said Mount Etna had erupted, and Dr. Guest had to go. I was always adventurous and
I thought seeing a volcano erupt sounded a lot more interesting than going to some cold observatory
somewhere. I loved the class more than any others I took and went to see Dr. John Guest to ask if he
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understand volcanoes on other planets if I didnt understand them on Earth. He took me along on his
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hooked.
What would you rate as the best experience youve had while working on a volcano?
15
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active. The lake appears to be alive, breathing and
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being at the edge of Hell. I loved it!
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considering a career in volcanology?
20
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careers you can have. You dont need to be
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modeler, but I think that anyone, no matter what
they do, should try to experience a volcanic
eruption at least once in their life.
Robert Peckyno, Interview: Rosaly M.C. Lopes, Planetary Scientist,
http://volcanoworld.wordpress.com/2011/12/19/rosaly-lopes/(abridged) accessed in February 2013
2.
Answer the following questions.

2.1 Why didnt Rosaly Lopess professor show up in class?
2.2 What did she decide to do?
2.3 Did she like it? Quote from the text to support your answer.
2.4 What was Rosalys best experience so far? Why?
2.5 Would you like to be a volcanist? Justify your answer.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
GEOGRAPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
EUROPEAN UNION TIMELINE

1.
How much do you know about the History of the European Union? Find the dates for some of its
most important events.
Events
a. End of World War II
b. Treaty of Paris (Coal and Steel Industry)
c. Treaty of Rome (Economic Community)
d. European Free Trade Association
e. Ankara Agreement
f. Establishment of the European Court
g. The Luxembourg Compromise
h. The Merger Treaty (ECSC, EEC, Euratom)
i. Signature of the Treaty of Luxembourg
j. Werner Plan
k. Accession of Denmark, Ireland and the UK
l. First direct elections to Parliament
m. Accession of Greece
n. Schengen Agreement
o. Accession of Portugal and Spain
p. Single European Act
q. Signature of the Maastricht Treaty
r. Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden
s. Signature of the Treaty of Nice
t. Euro in 12 countries
u. Accession of Malta, Cyprus, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary
v. Accession of Romania and Bulgaria & Lisbon Treaty

x. Croatia signs accession treaty
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
Dates
1.
1963
2. 1971
3. 2011
4. 1987
5.
2002
6. 1985
7.
1966
8. 1979
9. 1957
10. 1964
11. 1995
12. 1945
13. 2001
14. 1970
15. 1967
16. 1981
17. 2007
18. 1973
19. 1992
20. 1986
21. 2004
22. 1951
23. 1959
http://www.europeaninstitute.org/EU-Facts/timeline-of-the-european-union.html (adapted and abridged), accessed in February 2013
9 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
GEOGRAPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
WORLD POPULATION
1.
Circle the correct options from the words in bold in the following text by Carl Haub.
Fact Sheet: World Population Trends 2012
10
(July 2012) World population (a.) grows/grew to 7.06 billion in mid-2012 after (b.) having passed/has passed
the 7 billion mark in 2011. Developing countries (c.) will account/accounted for 97% of this growth because
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annual number of births barely (d.) exceeds/had exceeded deaths because of low birth rates and much older
populations. By 2025, it (e.) is/was likely that deaths would (f.) exceed/will exceed births in the developed
P\b[a_VRàUR_àaVZRaUV`dVYYUNcRUN]]R[RQDUVYRcV_abNYYfNYYSbab_R]\]bYNaV\[T_\daU (g.) has been/
will be in developing countries, the poorest of these countries (h.) will see/have seen the greatest percentage
V[P_RN`R.`QR[RQOfaURB[VaRQ;NaV\[àUR`RP\b[a_VR`(i.) had had/have especially low incomes, high
economic vulnerability, and poor human development indicators such as low life expectancy at birth, very low
per capita income, and low levels of education.
By far the largest regional percentage increase in population by 2050 (j.) will be/must be in Africa, whose
population (k.) can/must be expected to at least double from 1.1 billion to about 2.3 billion. Only 20 percent of
married women in sub-Saharan Africa (l.) use/should use a modern form of family planning, the lowest rate in
the world.
15
20
Europe has (m.) been/isYVXRYfa\ORaUR_à_RTV\[V[UVà\_fa\`RRY\[TaR_Z]\]bYNaV\[QRPYV[RYN_TRYfN`

a result of low fertility in Eastern Europe and Russia. Europes population (n.) is/are projected to decrease
from 740 million to 732 million by 2050. The population of the 27 countries in the European Union, around
502 million, (o.) should/ought to roughly maintain their current size, even with large increases in the elderly
population compared with younger age groups. The recent global recession (p.) has dimmed/must dim hopes
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unprecedented proportions of the elderly, such as shortages in pension systems and rising health care costs for
the old-old (ages 85 and above).
Carl Haub , Fact Sheet: World Population Trends 2012

http://www.prb.org/ (adapted and abridged) accessed in February 2013
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
10
GEOGRAPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FOSSIL FUELS QUIZ

1.
Choose the correct answer to these questions.

1.1 What are fossil fuels?
r a. Nonorganic matter trapped in metamorphic rock

r b. Hydrocarbons sourced from the remains of prehistoric organisms
r c. Organic matter trapped in igneous rock
1.2 What fossil fuel is in its early stages a spongy brown material called peat?
r a. Coal
r b. Oil
r c. Natural gas
1.3 More than half of this fossil fuel comes from the Middle East. Which one is it?
r a. Coal
r b. Oil
r c. Natural gas
1.4 Which is the most ecient fossil fuel for producing electricity?
r a. Coal
r b. Oil
r c. Natural gas
1.5 What is one of the earliest known fossils?
r a. Trilobite
r b. Starsh
r c. Coral
1.6 What liquid made of hydrocarbons can easily be set on re?
r a. Water
r b. Natural gas
r c. Oil
1.7 What important document was signed in Japan on 11 December 1997?
r a. The Geneva Protocol

r b. The Kyoto Protocol
r c. The Bonn Agreement
11 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
GEOGRAPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

1.
Read the following article by Max Paris for CBC News.
Kyoto climate change treaty sputters to a sorry end
10
15
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leaving the world with 58 percent more
greenhouse gases than in 1990, as opposed
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sought. From the beginning, the treaty that
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problematic. Opponents denied the science
of climate change and claimed the treaty was
a socialist plot. Environmentalists decried the
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consequences for future generations. But the
goal of the treaty was simple.
We hoped that we would be able to reduce
greenhouse gases substantially, but that was
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Liberal environment minister who negotiated in
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20
25
30
35
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out of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. It recognized
that climate change was a result of greenhouse
gases created by human industrial activity. The
idea was that rich nations, which had already
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of the treaty and developing nations would join
in later. Although the protocol was adopted
in 1997, it didnt come into force until 2005.
In the intervening eight years, countries set
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agreement.
At the time we didnt realize how complicated
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and for it to enter into force internationally,
said Steven Guilbeault, co-founder of Equiterre,
a Montreal-based environmental charity.
:Ne=N_V`8f\a\PYVZNaRPUN[TRa_RNaf`]baaR_à\N`\__fR[Q
http://www.cbc.ca/ (abridged) accessed in February 2013
1.1 Join in groups and write a fact le on the Kyoto Protocol, including reasons for its failure
so far. Add some information on the Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol (2012 Doha climate
change talks). Present your work in class.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
12
BIOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BIOSPHERE I
1.
Dene Biosphere.
2. Complete the crossword puzzle below on the levels of organisation in an ecosystem.

Across:
1. The entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular
ecosystem (the set of populations that inhabit an area).
2. A group of organs that work together to carry out a
particular task.
3. All of the individuals of a species living within the

bounds of an area.
4. A collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to

serve a common function.
10
5. Made up of a group of cells that work together to
perform a specialised function.
6. Lifes fundamental unit of structure and function.
3
Down:
7. Individual living things.
8. The various functional components of a cell such as
chloroplasts.
9. Consists of all living things in a particular area,

along with nonliving components such as soil, water,
atmospheric gases, and light.
10. A chemical structure consisting of two or more small
chemical units called atoms.
2.1 Put the words in a standard biological organisation scheme, from the highest level to the lowest
level.
3. Use the right form of the words in brackets to complete the gaps in the following text.
Human history has followed a pattern which began in Africa but is now global in scope of
(a.)
__________ (exploit) nature and depleting resources. As we have expanded our inuence over
the world, we have also extinguished species and populations at an (b.)__________ (alarm) rate.
Despite attempts to reduce biodiversity (c.)__________ (lose), the trend is (d.)__________ (like) to
continue: nearly 20% of all humans more than a billion now live within biodiversity hotspots,
and their (e.)__________ (grow) rate is (f.)__________ (fast) than the population at large.
13 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BIOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BIOSPHERE II
1. Read this article on Extinction. The sentences above it were taken from the article put them in
the correct place.
As species that lived in these habitats die, the

level of biodiversity decreases.
a
Global changes, such as global warming, play

a role in extinction as well.
d
Even after exhaustive searches, researchers

have declared some animals extinct only to
nd new specimens later.
b
But extinctions happen even

without the aid of natural
disasters or widespread slaughter.
Most likely, this is the natural state of life on

Earth, regardless of exactly what species are
alive.
c
Less than a third of those billions

of extinct life forms died
out during mass extinctions.
Its easy to think of extinction as a big, dramatic event, the product of an asteroid collision or the invasion of
new, aggressive species. 1. ___________________. Researchers estimate that between 1 and 4 billion species
have lived on Earth during its history. All but about 50 million of those are gone today. 2. ___________________.
Based on analysis of the fossil record, researchers estimate that most species on Earth have an overall life
5
span of about 10 million years. Its an ongoing cycle of plants, animals and microscopic organisms appearing
in the fossil record, remaining for about 10 million years and disappearing. 3. ___________________.
Live forms are dying out much faster today than they appear to at any point in the fossil record. No one
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determine whether a plant or animal has died out. 4. ___________________.
10
The major cause of these extinctions isnt global warming or acid rain - its habitat loss. As the human population
grows and more of the planet becomes industrialized, natural habitats for plants and animals disappear.
5. ___________________. The loss of plant and animal species can lead to everything from food shortages
to poor soil quality. The loss of microscopic organisms can also play a role. For example, one theory about the
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15
as a result produced hydrogen sulphide and caused acid rain.

Human behavior is also causing other ecosystem stresses, such as pollution, which could threaten species
with extinction. 6. ___________________. In theory, addressing these issues might slow the rate of
extinction, but its unclear how long it might take animal and plant populations to return to normal.
Regardless of whether a mass extinction is looming, researchers agree that the loss of biodiversity has a
20
negative impact on ecosystems.

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PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
14
BIOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CELLS I
1.
Complete the diagram with the following words.
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Found in both cells
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Found in plant cells only
a.
d.
b.
e.
c.
f.
Animal cell
Plant cell
2. Match each cell part with its function.

Part
a. Cell Wall
b. Cell Membrane
c. Chloroplasts
d. Nucleus
e. Vacuole
f. Cytoplasm
r
r
r
r
r
r
Functions
1. Where photosynthesis happens chloroplasts contain a green
substance called chlorophyll.
2. Controls what substances can get into and out of the cell.
3. Jelly-like substance, where chemical reactions happen. In plant
cells this is a thin lining, whereas in animal cells most of the cell is
cytoplasm.
4. Controls what happens inside the cell.

5.
Provides storage of waste.
6. Made of a tough substance called cellulose, which supports the cell.
15 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BIOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CELLS II
1.
10
15
20
Read the following article.
July 30, 2012 Stem cells can actually replace

dead heart tissue after a heart attack very early
in life but those same cells lose that regenerative
ability in adults, according to researchers at Cornell
University and the University of Bonn.
The study, using mice as subjects, found that
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heart cells in a two-day-old mouse, but not in
adult mice, settling a decades-old controversy
about whether stem cells can play a role in
the recovery of the adult mammalian heart
following infarction where heart tissue dies due
to artery blockage.
While the existence of these cells in adults is
controversial, if one did have fully capable stem
cells in adults, why are there no new heart cells
after an infarct? Whether this is due to a lack
of stem cells or to something special about the
infarct that inhibits stem cells from forming new
heart cells is the question we addressed, taking
advantage of the fact that the newborn mouse
25
30
35
40
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Cornells College of Veterinary Medicine and
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fellow researchers found that two-day-old mice
grew new heart cells and almost completely
recovered from infarction, proving that the
injury did not inhibit stem cells from growing
new heart cells. The same procedure was
carried out on adult mice and no new heart cells
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requisite stem cells to create new heart cells,
called myocytes, though new blood vessel cells
were created.
The stem cells found in the adult heart have
lost the ability to become heart cells, and are
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tissues at the start of life, but over time these
cells become developmentally restricted or
specialized to form only certain tissues.
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2.
Complete these sentences according to the text.

a. Researchers at Cornell University and the University of Bonn ___________________.
b. There is still no way ____________________________________________________.
c. Newborn mice _________________________________________________________.
3.
Answer these questions using your own words as far as possible.

3.1 Give this text a title. Explain your choice.
3.2 What controversy did this study settle? What is the conclusion of the study?
3.3 This study used mice as subjects. Are you for or against the use of lab mice? Justify your
answer.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
16
CHEMISTRY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MATERIALS
1. Match the words on the left with their denitions on the right.
a. Substance
b. Mixture
c. Solution
r
r
r
1. Composed of two or more substances, but each keeps its original

properties.
2. Mixture of a solid and a liquid where the solid never settles out.
3. Any materials (in any state - solid, liquid or gas) that have a definite
chemical composition.
2. Answer the following questions.

2.1 Is salt water a substance? Why?
2.2 Is gasoline a substance? Why?
2.3 Give examples of a solid, a liquid and a gaseous solution.
2.4 Can you consider mixing our and eggs to bake a cake a chemical mixture?
Justify your answer.
17 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CHEMISTRY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GENERAL QUIZ
1.
Are these statements True (T) or False (F)? Correct the false ones.
a. A pH above 7 indicates acidity.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
b. The combination of any substance with oxygen is known as

oxidation.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
c. Lemon juice is metallic in nature.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
d. Heat is liberated in endothermic reactions.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
e. Catalysts speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
f.
Chlorine gas is green in colour.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
g. Acid + Oxygen = Salt + Water
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
h. NaOH is not an acid.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
i.
The zz in soft drinks is caused by hydrogen.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
j.
Potassium is an element.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
k. A mixture of water and oil is heterogeneous in nature.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
l.
Oxygen is a mixture.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
m. An acid is known as a proton donor.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
n. Acids are sour in taste.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___________________________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
18
CHEMISTRY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BLACK HOLES
1.
Choose the correct option to complete this text by Andrew Fazekas.
Is this the Biggest Black Hole Ever?
The galaxy NGC 1277, seen here in an image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, contains one of the biggest central supermassive black holes ever detected.
A monstrous a.__________ 17 billion times the mass of the Sun and possibly the largest ever
detected appears to be too big for its galactic home, leaving b. __________ scratching their heads
about its very existence.
5
The cosmic behemoth, at the heart of a distant c. __________, is estimated to be 4,000 times
YN_TR_aUN[aUROYNPXU\YRNaaURPR[aR_\SaUR:VYXfDNf6a`\PVNYYf_N[XRQaUR`RP\[QYN_TRà
black hole known; estimates on the current record holder span a wide range, from 6 to 37 billion
solar masses.
AUV``b_]_V`V[T[QP\ZR`\[aURURRY`\SaURQV`P\cR_fRN_YVR_aUV`dRRX\SaURYN_TRà
d. __________ ever seen emanating from a black hole.
10
However its not the sheer size that has astronomers stumped, but the black holes mass
in relation to its host galaxy, known as NGC 1277, some 250 million light years away in the
constellation of e. __________.
The black hole makes up 14 percent of its galaxys mass, versus the usual f. __________.
15
Normally a black hole is tiny compared to the galaxy it sits in, but this one is really big, so much
so that most of the stars in this galaxy probably feel the black holes attraction, said Remco van
QR[/\`PUNà_\[\ZR_Na4R_ZN[f`:Ne=YN[PX6[àVabaRS\_.à_\[\ZfN[QYRNQNbaU\_\S
the study published this week in Nature.
19 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CHEMISTRY
20
B`V[TaUR5bOOYR@]NPRARYR`P\]RN[QaUR5\OOf2OR_YfARYR`P\]RV[3\_a1NcVÀReNàUR
international team of astronomers had been on the hunt for supermassive black holes, surveying
PY\`Ra\%AURfdR_R`b_]_V`RQa\[QNa\aNY\S`VeQVZV[baVcRTNYNeVRàUNaN]]RN_a\UN_O\_aUR
supergiant variety.
DR`Ra\baa\[QaUROVTTRàOYNPXU\YRÒfaN_TRaV[TZ\àYfOVTTNYNeVR``NVQCN[QR[/\`PU;\d
that we have found that these crazy kind of galaxies exist, we want to know how they form and how
uncommon they are.
25
CN[QR[/\`PUORYVRcRàUNa`V[PRaURcNàZNW\_Vaf\SOYNPXU\YR`S\b[QNaaURg. __________ of
galaxies account for only about 0.1 percent of their mass, this new, unexpectedly obese type of black
hole could very well overturn models of galaxy evolution.
DRUNcRRe]RPaRQaUNaTNYNeVR`N[QOYNPXU\YR`P\Rc\YcRa\TRaUR_aU_\bTU`\ZRXV[Q\S`RYS
regulation & feedback mechanism, he said. But now we found systems where somehow the black
30
hole could grow without forming many h. __________ in the galaxy.

7R[[f4_RR[RN=_V[PRa\[B[VcR_`VafNà_\[\ZR_[\aP\[[RPaRQa\aURàbQfNT_RRQaUNaaUR[Rd
[QV[TdVYYS\_PRi. __________ to think hard about their ideas of how supermassive black holes are
connected to their parent galaxy.
6[TR[R_NYOYNPXU\YR`ZNXRb]NeRQj. __________ of the galaxy mass, suggesting that they all form
in a similar way, but this observation forces us to think again about that process, she said.
.[Q_Rd3NgRXN`6ÀUVàUR/VTTRà/YNPX5\YR2cR_,Uaa]'[Rd`dNaPU[NaV\[NYTR\T_N]UVPP\ZNQN]aRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
PHOTOCOPIABLE
a.
Sun
moon
black hole
b.
teachers
astronomers
mathematicians
c.
galaxy
planet
star
d.
blast
ocean
spaceship
e.
Ursa Major
Cassiopeia
Perseus
f.
1 percent
0.1 percent
0.5 percent
g.
left
centers
right
h.
stars
moons
asteroids
i.
journalists
students
researchers
j.
volume
mass
fraction
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
20
PHYSICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ENERGY CONSERVATION I
1.
Find these words in the word search puzzle.
Caulk
Conductor
Radiant barrier
Duct
Heat
Radiation
Insulation
R-value
Electromagnets
U-value
Generators
1.1 Look for the meaning of the above words in your monolingual dictionary.
21 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHYSICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ENERGY CONSERVATION II
1.
Read the following article by Brian Clark Howard.

1.1 Write these headings in the correct place.
Instead of Buying Bottled Water,
Get a Rell.
Help Lose the Litter.

a
When Youre Done Surng and IMing, Turn Your

Computer O.
e
Turn O the Lights Behind You.
Instead of Insisting on Driving, Catch the

f
School Bus.
Buy a Comfy Organic Cotton T-Shirt.
c
Get Involved!
Youth Will Inherit the Future, and Are Often Eager to Make a Dierence
Todays teens are more wired up, plugged in, worldly and savvy than ever. Many care deeply about the threats facing our
R[cV_\[ZR[aN[QN_RP\ZZVaaRQa\ZNXV[TQVR_R[PR/baVa`[\aNYdNf`RN`fa\X[\dReNPaYfdUNaa\Q\5R_RN_R`\ZR
suggestions to get started.
1. ___________________6Sf\bÙbaf\b_ZNPUV[R\ORS\_RORQaVZRf\bYY`NcRN[NcR_NTR\S $90 worth of
5
RYRPa_VPVafNfRN_
2. ___________________ ;\VaZNf[\aORN`P\\YN`T\V[Ta\`PU\\YOfPN_ObaVaV`NY\a`NSR_/b`R`N_RNY`\
ZbPUZ\_RSbRYRPVR[aaUN[PN_``NcV[TTN`N[QY\dR_V[TRZV``V\[àUNaPNb`RTY\ONYdN_ZV[T
3.LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL:\à`PU\\YÙNcRR[cV_\[ZR[a\_2N_aU1NfPYbO``\TVcRaURZNPUN[PR6a`NT_RNadNf
a\ZRRa]R\]YRN[Qf\bPN[YRN_[`\ZbPUS_\Zf\b_]RR_`:N[fPYbO`P\[cV[PRaURV_`PU\\Yà\_RPfPYRàN_a
10
NTN_QR[\_U\YQN[2N_aU1NfSNV_
4. ___________________ DUfYRNcRNYVTUa\[dUR[[\\[RV`N_\b[Q,6a`]YNV[dNàRF\b_]N_R[a`ZNfRcR[
ObTf\bNO\baVaORPNb`RaURfUNcRa\]NfaURR[R_TfOVYY`N[QaURfX[\dYVTUaV[TNPP\b[a`S\_N[NcR_NTR\S
\SaUNaa\aNY
5. ___________________ 9VaaR_V[TV`NOYVTUa\[\b_YN[Q`PN]RaUNaPU\XR`dVYQYVSRN[Q_RYRN`Rà\eVPPURZVPNY`
15
dUR[VaO_RNX`Q\d[:N[f[RVTUO\_U\\QÙ\YQ_RTbYN_PYRN[b]``\c\Yb[aRR_
6. ___________________2cR_`RRN[RZ]afdNaR_O\aaYRa\``RQOfaUR`VQR\SaUR_\NQ,9R`àUN[\SaU\`R
`V[TYRb`RP\[aNV[R_`ZNXRVaa\aUR_RPfPYV[TOV[AURfNY`\dNàRSbRYS\_ÙV]]V[TdNaR_VÙRNcf
7. ___________________0\aa\[V`\[R\SaURZ\à]RàVPVQRV[aR[`VcRP_\]`N[QZVYYV\[`\STNYY\[`\Sa\eVP
_R`VQbR_b[\P\aa\[RYQ`V[a\_VcR_`N[QYNXR`]\V`\[V[TdVYQYVSR
0YN_X5\dN_QF\baUDVYY6[UR_VaaUR3bab_RN[Q._R<SaR[2NTR_a\:NXRN1VR_R[PRdddaURQNVYfT_RR[P\ZNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
1.2 Can you think of any other ways to help the environment and save energy?
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
22
PHYSICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MEASUREMENTS
1.
Identify these instruments.
a. ____________________________________
b. ____________________________________
c. ____________________________________
d. ____________________________________
e. ____________________________________
f. ____________________________________
1.1 What do they all have in common?

1.2 In what way are they dierent?
1.3 Do you know the names and functions of any other measuring instruments? What are they?
23 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHYSICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SOLAR RADIATION
1.
Complete the following text using the verbs in brackets in the active or passive form.
Energy from the Sun

AURR[R_TfaUNaa. __________Q_VcRaURPYVZNaR`fàRZ
b. __________P\ZRS_\ZaUR@b[DUR[aUR@b[`R[R_Tf
c. ___________RNPUaUR2N_aUVad. __________]N_aVNYYfNO`\_O
V[QVR_R[a]N_a`\SaURPYVZNaR`fàRZAURNO`\_ORQR[R_Tf
e. __________P\[cR_aONPXa\URNadUVPUf. __________PNb`R
aUR2N_aUa\dN_Zb]N[Qg. __________ZNXRVaUNOVaNOYR@\YN_
_NQVNaV\[NO`\_]aV\[h. __________ORb[RcR[V[O\aU`]NPRN[Q
aVZRN[QaUVì. __________TVcR_V`Ra\aURV[a_VPNaR]NaaR_[N[Q
`RN`\[NYcN_VNaV\[\S\b_PYVZNaR
AUR@b[j. __________ORaURàN_Y\PNaRQNaaURPR[aR_\S\b_
]YN[RaN_f`fàRZ6ak. __________P\Z]\`RZNV[Yf\SUfQ_\TR[
N[QURYVbZ6[aUR@b[`V[aR_V\_NaUR_Z\[bPYRN_Sb`V\[_RNPaV\[
l. __________P\[cR_aaURUfQ_\TR[V[a\URYVbZ_RYRN`V[TUbTRNZ\b[a`\SR[R_TfAURR[R_TfP_RNaRQ
OfaURSb`V\[_RNPaV\[m. __________P\[cR_aV[a\aUR_ZNYR[R_TfURNaN[Qn. ___________NV`RaUR

aRZ]R_Nab_R\SaUR@b[a\YRcRYàUNao. __________ORNO\baadR[afaVZRÙVTUR_aUN[aUR2N_aU``b_SNPR
AUR`\YN_URNaR[R_Tfp. __________a_NcRYaU_\bTU`]NPRV[aURS\_Z\SRYRPa_\ZNT[RaVPdNcR`R[NOYV[TaUR
a_N[`SR_\SURNaaU_\bTUN]_\PR``X[\d[N`_NQVNaV\[
/fNO`\_OV[TaURV[P\ZV[T`\YN__NQVNaV\[aUR2N_aUq. __________dN_Zb]YVXRNOYNPXO\QfN[QVa`
temperature r. ___________V`R6SaUR2N_aUUNQ[\NaZ\`]UR_R\_\PRN[N`VàURPN`RS\_ReNZ]YR\[aUR
Z\\[Vad\bYQTRacR_fdN_Z\[aUR`b[YVaSNPR\SaUR]YN[RaN[QZbPUP\YQR_aUN[dRRe]R_VR[PR]_R`R[aYf
\[aURQN_X`VQRaURYVaaYRdN_ZaU\[aURQN_X`VQRd\bYQP\ZRS_\ZaURYVZVaRQNZ\b[a\SURNaà\_RQV[aUR
T_\b[QS_\ZaUR]_RcV\b`QNfaVZRaUV`Và\`\ZRReaR[adUNadRs. __________Re]R_VR[PRV[NPY\bQS_RR
YN[QY\PXRQQR`R_aPYVZNaR
AURRRPaVcRaRZ]R_Nab_R\S2N_aUV`ZbPUY\dR_aUN[dUNadRRe]R_VR[PR.cR_NTRQ\cR_NYY`RN`\[`N[QaUR
R[aV_R2N_aUaUR`b_SNPRaRZ]R_Nab_R\S\b_]YN[RaV`NO\ba%%8\_"0AUV`QVR_R[PRV`V[aURRRPa\S
aURURNaNO`\_OV[TP\Z]\[R[a`\S\b_NaZ\`]UR_RAUV`RRPat. __________X[\dNàURT_RR[U\b`RRRPa
_RSR__V[Ta\aURSN_ZV[T]_NPaVPR\SdN_ZV[TTN_QR[]Y\aÒfP\cR_V[TaURZdVaUNTYN``\_]YNàVPR[PY\`b_R
F\PUN[N[8bÙ[V_2[R_TfS_\ZaUR@b[Uaa]'RR`PP\YbZOVNRQbNO_VQTRQN[QNQN]aRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
24
MATHEMATICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MATHEMATICIANS
1. Identify these famous Mathematicians.
Archimedes of Syracuse
Susan Jane Cunningham

David Hilbert
Pedro Nunes
r
r
r
r
r
Isaac Newton
r
Gertrude Blanch
r
Euclid of Alexandria r
Ren Descartes
Augustus De Morgan
George Plya
Leonhard Euler
Hypatia
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
25 10.o Ano BRIDGES
r
r
r
r
PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATHEMATICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS
1. How much do you know about the history of Maths? Try to solve this quiz to nd out.
1.1 Who wrote The Elements?
a. Descartes
b. Hypatia
c. Euclid
1.2 Which famous mathematician was born in Sicily around 287 BC?
a. Archimedes
b. Eratosthenes
c. Pythagoras
1.3 The word Algebra comes from the title of a book in what language?
a. Greek
b. English
c. Arabic
1.4 Who invented the mechanical calculator?

a. Galileo Galilei
b. Pascal
c. Euler
1.5 What is the name of a branch of pure mathematics concerned with the study of number and
integers in particular?
a. String theory
b. Number theory
c. Elimination theory
1.6 Who introduced the use of Arabic numerals into Europe?

a. Leonard of Pisa
b. Pythagoras
c. Newton
1.7 What is the name for the study of triangles?

a. Geometry
b. Algebra
c. Trigonometry
1.8 Who was the rst person to prove that is not a rational number?
a. Gottlob Frege
b. Johann Lambert
c. Albert Einstein
b. 1742
c. 1645
b. Florence
c. Samos
1.9 When was Isaac Newton born?

a. 1642
1.10 Where was Pythagoras born?
a. Pisa
1.11 What inuential book did Benot Mandelbrot publish in 1982?

b. The Fractal Geometry of Nature c. Principia
a. Trigonometria
1.12 When was the equals sign (=) introduced?

a. 1557
b. 1432
c. 1765
1.13 Who developed the Mathematica software application?

a. Charles Hermite
b. Gottfried Leibniz
c. Stephen Wolfram
b. Polish
c. Italian
1.14 What nationality was Copernicus?

a. French
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
26
MATHEMATICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GEOMETRY
1.
Find the denition for these words.
a. Acute angle
b. Base
c. Circular
d. Circumference
e. Congruent
f.
Diagonal
g. Obtuse triangle
h. Polyhedron
i.
Radius
j.
Rectangle
k. Trapezoid
l.
Vertical angles
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
1. an angle measuring between zero and 90 degrees

2. the perimeter of a circle
3. a line segment connecting two non-adjacent vertices of a polygon
4. a triangle with one obtuse angle
5. a 3-D gure with faces made of polygons
6. a cone or cylinder with circles for base(s)
7. a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides
8. the distance from the centre to the circle
9. congruent opposite angles formed by two intersecting lines
10. a parallelogram with a right angle
11. of the same size and shape
12. the top and bottom parallel polygonal faces
27 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATHEMATICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MATHS JOKES
1.
Have fun reading these Maths jokes!
An innite crowd of mathematicians enters a bar.

The rst one orders a pint, the second one a half pint,
the third one a quarter pint...
I understand, says the bartender - and pours two pints.
to i: Get real!
i to : Get rational!
Q: What does the zero

say to the eight?
A: Nice belt!
Q: Why do you rarely nd mathematicians

spending time at the beach?
A: Because they have sine and cosine to
get a tan and dont need the sun!
T: What do you get if you divide the

circumference of a jack-o-lantern
by its diameter?
S: Pumpkin Pi!
T: Who can tell me what 7 times 6 is?

S: Its 42!
T: Very good! - And who can tell me
what 6 times 7 is?
S: Its 24!
www.math.ualberta.ca/~runde/jokes.html (adapted and abridged), accessed in February 2013

PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
28
ECONOMICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHY STUDY ECONOMICS

1.
Read this article about the reasons for taking an Economics degree.
Why Study Economics - Its Fun!
10
/RPNb`R6R[W\faURa\]VPAUNa`N[NO`\YbaRZbàa\àbQfRP\[\ZVP`6d\bYQ[a`bTTRàN[f\[RàbQf
economics if they do not enjoy at least some of the topics involved. Like anything in life, you get out
\SàbQfV[TRP\[\ZVP`dUNaf\b]baV[1\[aàbQfRP\[\ZVPÒRPNb`Rf\baUV[XVaàUR_\baRa\N
UVTU]NfV[TW\Of\bYYYVXRYfUNaRaUR]_\T_NZ`\ZbPUaUNaf\bQ_\]\ba\_SNVYN[QVSf\bQ\R[Qb]
T_NQbNaV[Tf\bZVTUa[Qf\bQ\[aYVXRaURW\O`f\b_QRT_RRUN`ZNQRf\b^bNYVRQS\_AUNaORV[T`NVQ
6Q\[aaUV[XVa`N_R^bV_RZR[aaUNaf\bY\cRRcR_fN`]RPa\SaURQV`PV]YV[R6^bVaRR[W\fZVP_\RP\[\ZVP`
industrial organization, and game theory. Econometrics? Not so much. As an undergraduate there were
R[\bTUa\]VP`6YVXRQaUNaVaURY]RQZRTRaaU_\bTUaUR\[R`6S\b[QQVPbYa\_QVQ[\a_RNYYfPN_RS\_
Terric Job Opportunities for Economics
Graduates
30
Because there are many opportunities for

economics graduates. You are not guaranteed a
good-paying job with an economics degree, but
your chances are higher than in other programs.
One of my interests as an undergraduate was
philosophy, but I decided not to major in that
because it seemed that the only possibility after
completing my degree was law school - which
did not appeal to me. With an economics
QRT_RRf\bPN[d\_XV[NcN_VRaf\SQVR_R[a
RYQ`S_\Z[N[PRN[QON[XV[T]bOYVP]\YVPf
sales and marketing, civil service (government
departments, the Federal Reserve, etc.),
insurance and actuarial work, etc. You can
also go on to do further studies in economics,
political science, business, or a variety of other
RYQ`6Sf\b_RPR_aNV[f\b_V[aR_RàV`V[aUR
business world, a business degree may be a
ORaaR_aObaN[RP\[\ZVP`QRT_RRQ\R`\]R[N
lot of doors.
35
Economics Knowledge is Useful at a

Personal Level
Because you learn a lot of skills and knowledge
that you can apply to other jobs or to your
personal life. Learning about interest rates,
15
20
25
40
exchange rates, economic indicators and equity

markets can help you make better decisions
about investing and obtaining mortgages. The
àNaVàVPNY`XVYY`6TNV[RQ6cRb`RQNTNV[N[Q
again, mostly in business settings. I also learned
NSNV_OVaNO\ba:VP_\`\Sa2ePRYV[Zf_àad\
years in economics, which has aided me greatly.
Economics Provides an Understanding of
How the World Works
45
50
55
60
You will learn more about the impact decisions

UNcR\[aUR_ZV[Qbà_fN[Q[NaV\[NYYRcRY
You will learn more about the impact of
international trade, both good and bad. You will
QV`P\cR_aURRRPaT\cR_[ZR[a]\YVPVRÙNcR
on the economy and on employment; again
both good and bad. It will help you make more
informed decisions as both a consumer and
as a voter. Furthermore, I personally believe
that having a more economically literate set of
bureaucrats, politicians, and journalists would
be great for society - so long as they always
XRR]N[\]R[ZV[QNO\badUNaaURfcRORR[
exposed to. Economics, when done properly,
Ù\bYQ[a`\ZbPUaRYY]R\]YRdUNaa\aUV[X
rather it should give them tools about how to
think of things more clearly and realizing the
assumptions they may be making.
:VXR:\NaaDUf@abQf2P\[\ZVP`,Uaa]'RP\[\ZVP`NO\baP\ZNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
29 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ECONOMICS
2.
Are these sentences True (T) or False (F)? Quote from the text to support your answer.
a.
To study economics you must like everything about it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
b.
Having an economics degree doesnt necessarily mean you will have a good salary.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
c.
You will become more conscientious about your purchases.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
4.
5.
What/who do these words refer to?

a.
I (l. 2) ____________________________________
c.
that (l. 17) _____________________________________
b.
it (l. 3) ___________________________________
d.
they (l. 56) ___________________________________
Find synonyms for these words in the text.

a.
invest _____________________________________
b.
way _______________________________________
c.
more suitable _____________________________________
Answer the following questions using your own words, as far as possible.
5.1 Explain the following statement Like anything in life, you get out of studying economics what
you put in. (ll. 2-3)
5.2 Why can the knowledge of economics help you in your personal life?
5.3 Would you like to follow a career in Economics? Why?
6.
Report these sentences by Mike Moatt.

a.
Dont study economics because you think its the route to a high paying job.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
b.
As an undergraduate there were enough topics I liked that it helped me get through the ones
I found dicult or did not really care for.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
c.
You are not guaranteed a good-paying job with an economics degree, but your chances are
higher than in other programs.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
d.
You will learn more about the impact of international trade, both good and bad.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
30
ECONOMICS
7.
Look at the following clause:

() your chances are higher than in other programs ()
7.1 Identify the degree of the adjective.
7.2 Write it in the comparative of equality.
8.
Complete these sentences with the correct degrees of the adjectives in brackets.
a.
Economics is
(good) Law. Thats why I chose it.
b.
Mike is
(interested) in Economics than in Philosophy.

(bad) subject Mike had to study was Econometrics.
c.
d.
9.
(easy) seminar of all.
Microeconomics was
Look at the following verb collocations taken from the text:

drop out (l. 4); end up (l. 4); qualied for (l. 5)
9.1 Complete these sentences using the correct verb + preposition collocation.
a. I agree
Mikes opinion.
a job at Apple.
b. My friend Paul is going to apply

c. You can count
d. What does Susan plan
your teachers to help you.

doing in the future?
e. My brother is so happy. Hes going to work
10.
General Electric.
Rewrite the following sentences, starting them as indicated.

a.
Mike was an excellent student; however, he didnt get a well-paid job.
In spite of
____________________________________
__________________________________________
b. I didnt put in as much I could in my studies and I failed the exams.
If only
____________________________________
__________________________________________
31 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ECONOMICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
RECESSION
1. Analyse the following data about the impact of the recession on teenagers and write a comment
on these survey ndings.
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PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
32
PHILOSOPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FACTS & OPINIONS

1.
Complete the following text with the words given.
evidence
belief
source
individual
incorrect
objective
concrete
experimentation
biases
fact
result
true
persuade
subjective
opinion
mislead
point of view
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aUNaVaPN[cN_fON`RQ\[N]R_`\[`]R_`]RPaVcRRZ\aV\[`\_V[QVcVQbNYb[QR_àN[QV[T\S`\ZRaUV[T3\_
ReNZ]YROV\Y\TVPNYQVR_R[PRÒRadRR[ZNYR`N[QSRZNYR`N_RNSNPadUVYRN]_RSR_R[PRS\_\[RTR[QR_\cR_
aUR\aUR_Vè.____________
.PP\_QV[Ta\Z\àQR[VaV\[``\ZRaUV[TV`NSNPaVSVaZNaPUR`f._____________RNYVaf3\_`\ZRaUV[Ta\OR
\OWRPaVcRVaZbàOR\ba`VQR\SaURZV[QN[Q[\aORON`RQ\[SRRYV[T`\_g.____________AUV`VàUR\]]\`VaR
\SN[\]V[V\[dUVPUV`dUNaN[h.____________aUV[X`\_SRRY`NO\baN`bOWRPa
6[`PVR[aVP_RN`\[V[T`\ZRaUV[TPN[\[YfORPNYYRQNSNPadUR[VaPN[OR\O`R_cRQN`Va\PPb_`\_N`NàNaR\S
ORV[T\_dUR[VaPN[OR]_\cR[aU_\bTUi.____________2e]R_VZR[a`ZbàOR_R]RNaNOYRN[Q_Rab_[aUR`NZR
j.____________[\ZNaaR_dU\aUR\O`R_cR_VÀUV[TàUNadR_R\[PRaU\bTUa\SN`SNPaÙ\dRcR_UNcRORR[
Ù\d[a\ORk.____________3\_ReNZ]YRaURd\_YQdN`\[PRaU\bTUaa\ORNaOfZN[f]R\]YRAUV`V`[\d
X[\d[a\ORV[P\__RPaN`\OWRPaVcRRcVQR[PRdN`V[a_\QbPRQÙ\dV[TaUNaVaV`NPabNYYfNNaaR[RQ`]UR_R
@\ZRaVZR`àNaRZR[a`N_Rb`RQa\l.____________N]R_`\[dURaUR_QRYVOR_NaRYf\_[\a.]R_`\[ZVTUab`R
\]V[V\[NaRQYN[TbNTRa\m.____________\aUR_à\UV`n.____________(S\_ReNZ]YRN[NQcR_aV`RZR[aZVTUa
]_\PYNVZaUNa\[RO_N[QVàURORàV[aURd\_YQQR`]VaRaURYNPX\So.____________RcVQR[PRa\`b]]\_aaUV`
PYNVZDUR[P\[`VQR_V[TdURaUR_NàNaRZR[aZVTUaORp.____________\_[\aN]R_`\[Ù\bYQP\[`VQR_aUR
q.____________\SaURV[S\_ZNaV\[N`dRYYNàURRcVQR[PR`b]]\_aV[TVa
DUNa6àUR1VR_R[PR/RadRR[3NPaN[Q<]V[V\[Uaa]'ddddV`RTRRXP\ZNQN]aRQN[QNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
33 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHILOSOPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GENERAL VOCABULARY
1.
Find the correct denitions for these words.
Words
1R[VaV\[`
a. Determinism
1. Moral philosophy dealing with the question of what is good.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
r
A priori
r
Inductive
r
Causality
r
Empiricism r
Proposition r
Objective
r
Implicit
r
Deductive r
Rationalism r
Ethics
r
Substance r
Subjective r
A posteriori r
Analogy
r
Etymology r
Freedom
r
r
Logic
PHOTOCOPIABLE
2. Ideas presupposed by experience.

3. Derived by reasoning from observed facts.
4. Employing logical induction (specic idea to general principle).
5. Going from a general principle to a specic idea.
6. Relating to the essential being of that which has substance, qualities, attributes,
or relations.
7. Relating to the realm of sensible experience independent of individual thought

and perceptible by all observers.
8. A science that deals with the principles and criteria of validity of inference and
demonstration.
9. Capable of being understood from something else though unexpressed.

10. Reliance on reason as the basis for establishment of religious truth.
11. The practice of relying on observation or experiment especially in the natural
sciences.
12. The concept of the relationship between events such that the second event
happened because of the rst.
13. The teaching that all events occur out of necessity; random events do not exist.
14. The study of the origins and histories of words.
15. The ability to perform an action and be totally responsible for the initiation of that
act.
16. Generally speaking, a concept, true or false, asserted by any sentence.

17. The most basic form of independent reality.
18. Assertion of similarity between two otherwise diering objects.
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
34
PHILOSOPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS
/VYYDNaaR_`\[0NYcV[5\OOR`
In groups, discuss these cartoons.
B.
.[Qf@V[TR_
/VYYDNaaR_`\[0NYcV[5OOR`
A.
C.
35 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHILOSOPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
DEMOCRACY
1. Read the following text from a New Jersey teenager.
What Is Democracy?
10
15
20
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Na_N[`]N_R[a`fàRZ'aURT\cR_[V[TQ\Pa_V[R
àNaRàUNaPVaVgR[ÙNcRaUR_VTUaa\NPPR``
aURQ\PbZR[a`N[Q]_\PRRQV[T`\SaUR
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\cR_`VTUa6[YVSRaUR_RV`[\T_RNaR_]b_`bVa
aUN[aUNa\SR^bNYc\VPR2cR_fQNf]R\]YRN_R
TUaV[TS\_aUR_VTUaa\ORURN_Q1RZ\P_NPf
VàUNa_VTUa\[NT_N[Q`PNYR1RZ\P_NPfV`
[\a\[YfORV[TURN_QObaORV[TYVàR[RQa\
1RZ\P_NPfV`dUR[f\bN_RTVcR[N[R^bNY
c\aR\[QRPV`V\[àUNaQV_RPaYfNRPaf\b6[N
QRZ\P_NPfaURf\baUN_RRQbPNaRQ3_\ZOV_aU
aURfN_RaNbTUaaUNaaURV_c\VPRZNaaR_`N[Q
aURV_c\aRP\b[aÀUR`RN_R_VTUaàURfZbà
TUaa\ZNV[aNV[N[QdVYY]_\`]R_S_\Z;\
QRZ\P_NPVR`N_R[\aS_RR\SNd`(`\ZR`NfaUNa
aUR_RV`[\dNfaUNa`\ZRaUV[TN``VZ]YRN`N
]\]bYN_c\aRP\bYQ[bYYaURRcVY`\Sb[YNdSbY
]\dR_\_`\PVNYV[R^bNYVafAUR`Rd\R`N_R
25
30
35
40
cNYVQObaQRZ\P_NPfPN[d\_XAUR_RV`N
QVR_R[PRORadRR[S_RRQ\ZN[QPUN\`
DVaU\baQRZ\P_NPf`\PVRaf`bR_`6[
QVPaNa\_ÙV]àUR_RV`[\PRYRO_NaV\[\SaU\bTUa
\_P_RNaVcVaf.P\b[a_fPN[[\aaU_VcRVS\aUR_`
\]V[V\[`N_R[\aN]]_RPVNaRQDVaU\[Yf\[R
\]V[V\[NQUR_RQa\aURP\b[a_fdVYYORNaN
àN[QàVYY.`]NaVR[PRORTV[à\dVaUR_N[TR_
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S\_aU\`RNRPaRQRcR_fSNVYRQYNdRcR_faVZR
aUR`fàRZ\cR_Y\\X`N[\aUR_PVaVgR[RcR_f
]R_`\[NY_VTUaà\YR[NQQ`NQRT_RRa\aUNa
aRZ]R_Nab_R3V[NYYfVaORP\ZR``\U\aaUNa
aURPVaVgR[`YVXRN[\cR_URNaRQaUR_Z\ZRaR_
Re]Y\QRV[N[TR_(aUR]R\]YRdVYY_Rc\Ya
1RZ\P_NPfYVXRNPN_TVcR`f\bdUNaf\b]ba
V[a\Va6Sf\bObVYQVaa\ORb[URNYaUfaUR[
VadVYY]\YYbaRaURNV_dVaU]\V`\[6Sf\bQ\
[\aZNV[aNV[Va`R[TV[RVadVYYSNVYf\bAUR
]\dR_\SRQbPNaV\[SbRY`VaS\_dN_QN[QZ\à
VZ]\_aN[aYf]R\]YRQRPVQRVa`SNaR
._V0_bgDUNa6`1RZ\P_NPf,Uaa]'dddaRR[V[XP\ZNQN]aRQN[QNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
2.

2.1 Why is democracy a responsibility?
2.2 The author of the text says In a democracy, the youth are educated. From birth they are taught
that their voice matters and their vote counts. (ll. 14-17) Do you think this is true for you?
2.3 Explain the following sentence, There is a dierence between freedom and chaos. (ll. 23-24)
3.
What does democracy mean to you? Create a poster, painting, video or write a short text and
prepare an exhibition to show your work to the school community.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
36
HISTORY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
DEMOCRACY
1.
10
15
20
25
30
Read the following text.
By the time of Aristotle (fourth century BC)

there were hundreds of Greek democracies.
Greece in those times was not a single political
entity but rather a collection of some 1,500
separate poleis or cities scattered round the
Mediterranean and Black Sea shores like frogs
around a pond, as Plato once charmingly put
it. Those cities that were not democracies
were either oligarchies - where power was
in the hands of the few richest citizens - or
monarchies, called tyrannies in cases where
the sole ruler had usurped power by force
rather than inheritance. Of the democracies,
the oldest, the most stable, the most long-lived,
but also the most radical, was Athens.
AURN_PUVaRPa`\SaUR_àQRZ\P_NPVR`\SaUR
modern era, post-revolutionary France and
the United States, claimed a line of descent
from classical Greek demokratia - government
of the people by the people for the people, as
Abraham Lincoln put it. But at this point it is
P_bPVNYaUNadRXRR]V[ZV[QaURQVR_R[PR`
between our and the Greeks systems of
QRZ\P_NPfaU_RRXRfQVR_R[PR`V[]N_aVPbYN_'
of scale, of participation and of eligibility.
First, scale. There were no proper population
censuses in ancient Athens, but the most
educated modern guess puts the total
]\]bYNaV\[\SSaUPR[ab_f.aUR[`V[PYbQV[T
its home territory of Attica, at around 250,000
- men, women and children, free and unfree,
enfranchised and disenfranchised. Of those
250,000 some 30,000 on average were fully
35
40
45
50
55
paid-up citizens - the adult males of Athenian

birth and full status. Of those 30,000 perhaps
5,000 might regularly attend one or more
meetings of the popular Assembly, of which
there were at least 40 a year in Aristotles day.
#PVaVgR[`dR_R`RYRPaRQa\YYaURN[[bNY
]N[RY\S]\aR[aVNYWb_fZR[dU\d\bYQàNaUR
popular jury courts (a typical size of jury was
501), as for the trial of Socrates.
AUR`RP\[QXRfQVR_R[PRVàURYRcRY\S
participation. Our democracy is representative
- we choose politicians to rule for us. Athenian
democracy was direct and in-your-face.
AURaUV_QXRfQVR_R[PRV`RYVTVOVYVaf<[YfNQbYa
male citizens need apply for the privileges
and duties of democratic government, and
a birth criterion of double descent - from an
Athenian mother as well as father - was strictly
insisted upon. Women, even Athenian women,
were totally excluded - this was a mens club.
Foreigners, especially unfree slave foreigners,
were excluded formally and rigorously. The
citizen body was a closed political elite.
=NbY0N_aYRQTR4_RRX]\YVaVPNY`fàRZÙaa]'dddOOPP\bXNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
2.
Hold a debate in class about Democracy Then and Now.
37 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
HISTORY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ANCIENT ROME
1. Unscramble the words to nd the answer to these questions.
a. What language was spoken by the Ancient Romans?
TILNA ______________________
b. What was the name of a common farmer or craft worker

in ancient Rome? PELBIENA ________________________
c. Who was the rst Roman emperor?

SAUUUGST ________________________
d. What do you call the belief in many gods and goddesses?

YPLHMTESOI ________________________
e. What was a member of the privileged upper class called?

CTARPINIA ________________________
f. Who was the author of the Aeneid?

RVILIG ________________________
g. What was the centre of life in Rome?

UMORF ________________________
h. What was the name given to Roman apartment blocks?

AIESNUL ________________________
i. What was the word for a Roman town house?

UDSMO ________________________
j. What is the name of the river owing through the city of Rome?
ETRIB ________________________
k. What was the word for large country homes and retreats?
LALVSI ________________________
l. What did people call the warm bathroom of the Roman baths?
ETIUMRDAIP ________________________
m. What Egyptian ruler backed Caesar in the civil war?

RLAOPECTA ________________________
n. What is the name of the high structure used to carry water?

ATCUEQDU ________________________
o. What was the oldest and most long-lasting body in the Roman government?
AENETS ________________________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
38
HISTORY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GOTHIC ART
1. Put the following words in the correct place according to the pictures.
Flying buttress
Spire
South portal
Apse
Ambulatory
Tympanum
Transept
Ribbed vaulting
North portal
Pointed arch
Lancets
Choir & Sanctuary
Nave
Rose window (2X)
1.
2.
1.
3.
7.
4.
6.
5.
8.
1.
15.
9.
14.
10.
11.
13.
12.
39 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
HISTORY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ETHICS & SPORTS

1. Read the following article by Greg Botelho and Josh Levs, CNN.
10
15
20
25
Not only is disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong

[\Y\[TR_\PVNYYfNA\b_QR3_N[PRdV[[R_
- hes no longer an Olympic medalist, either.
The International Olympic Committee (ICO)
has stripped Armstrong of the bronze medal
he won at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney,
Australia, an IOC spokesman said Thursday.
The committee told Armstrong to return it. The
move came in advance of a televised interview
in which Armstrong is believed to acknowledge
S\_aUR_àaVZRaUNaURb`RQ]_\UVOVaRQ
performance-enhancing drugs in his career.
In October, the International Cycling Union
stripped Armstrong of his Tour de France titles.
Armstrong responded a few weeks later by
tweeting a photo of himself lying on a sofa in
his lounge beneath the seven framed yellow
jerseys from those victories. The International
Olympic Committee said in October that it was
reviewing evidence against him.
Armstrong came in third in the Mens
Individual Time Trial and 13th in the mens
individual road race. He is retroactively
QV`^bNYVRQV[O\aU_NPRàUR6<0`NVQ
We have written to Armstrong asking him to
return the medal informed the U.S. Olympic
Committee (USOC), IOC spokesman Mark
Adams on Thursday, Its up to the U.S.
30
35
40
committee to handle retrieving the medal from

Armstrong, the IOC said.
The decision was made in principle at
a meeting of the IOC executive board in
December. The committee did not act on the
QRPV`V\[b[aVYVa_RPRVcRQP\[_ZNaV\[S_\ZaUR
International Cycling Union that Armstrong
was not appealing that agencys decision.
AURB@<0dN`[\aVRQDRQ[R`QNfaUNaaUR
IOC wants the medal back USOC spokesman
Patrick Sandusky said.
We will shortly be asking Mr. Armstrong to
return his medal to us, so that we can return it
to the IOC.
4_RT/\aRYU\N[Q7\Ù9Rc`1RR]YfNdRQ9N[PR._Zà_\[TNQZVa`b`V[T]R_S\_ZN[PRR[UN[PV[TQ_bT`
Uaa]'RQVaV\[P[[P\ZNQN]aRQN[QNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
2.
In groups, discuss the following question What role does Ethics play in sport?
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
40
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
OLYMPIC GAMES
1. Take a look at these unaccepted Olympic sports.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
1.1 Match these captions with the correct photos to nd out the sports that never made it
into the Olympics.
1. Cannon shooting was a demonstration sport

in the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris.
2. Gliding was a demonstration sport in the

1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.
3. Not quite the same as Polo on a horse but

certainly more accessible. Cycle polo was
a demonstration sport at the 1908 London
Olympics.
4. This rather dark photo shows the sport of

Glima, which is the Icelandic national style of
folk wrestling. It was demonstrated at the 1912
Stockholm games.
5. Angling was part of the unocial
programme at the 1900 Olympics too.
6. A very important job but perhaps not an

Olympic viewing thrill. Life saving was only an
unocial event at the 1900 Olympics.
Unaccepted Olympics Sports, www.britishpathe.com/ (adapted and abridged) accessed in February 2013
41 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GYMNASTICS
1. All these sentences are False. Correct them.
a. A Backward Somersault is a forward rolling movement on the oor, where the knees are tucked in as
far as possible.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. A Cartwheel is a basic backward move where the hands reach the oor one at a time towards
the side, and the legs also follow in a similar manner.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. A Somi-and-a-half is a half somersault.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. A Straddle is a situation where the legs of the gymnast are very close to each other.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
e. A Pike is a movement where the gymnast does not bend.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
f. A Swedish Fall is a move where the gymnast does a free fall drop straight to the ground. The
hands shoot out at the last second. This is usually performed on the trampoline.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Match these moves with the correct image.

Back Walkover
Yurchenko
1.
Handstand
Cartwheel
2.
3.
4.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
42
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SELF-DETERMINATION
1.
Read the following poem by Melissa Underwood.
Anything is possible, if you think it is worthwhile

If youre willing to go the distance, to go the extra mile.
With determination and eort, you can often achieve more
Because you dont always get what you wish, but what you work for.
Dreams can become challenging, but no matter what the cost
Strive to complete the task before you, and youll never end up lost.
So bring with you your goals, and leave your doubts behind
Whether you think you can or cant, you certainly will nd
Youll be right either way-so never quit, and this is why:
Youll never become a failure, until you fail to try.
http://smiley00.tripod.com/poem74.html
2. Answer the following questions.

2.1 What is the poem about?
2.2 Do you agree that Anything is possible? Why?
2.3 Explain the meaning of you dont always get what you wish, but what you work for.
2.4 What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
2.5 Give the poem a title and justify your choice.
3. Create an acrostic with the word DETERMINATION.

D
____________________________________ _____________
E
____________________________________ _____________
T
____________________________________ _____________
E
____________________________________ _____________
R
____________________________________ _____________
M
____________________________________ _____________
I
____________________________________
_____________
N
____________________________________ _____________
A
____________________________________ _____________
T
____________________________________ _____________
I
____________________________________
_____________
O
____________________________________ _____________
N
____________________________________ _____________
43 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PHYSICAL EDUCATION & ART

The Emotions Game
1. Join in groups of 4.
2. Each group will represent one of the following emotions:
a. Happiness
b. Sadness
c. Anger
d. Sorrow
e. Fear
f. Boredom
g. Compassion
h. Curiosity
i. Disgust
j. Surprise
3. Rules:
\}}}
}}
>}}
}}}
the other students discover what it is.
4.m}
justifying their choices.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
44
ARTS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
VOCABULARY
1.
Find the answers to these questions.

What do you call
a. a style of art that uses shapes, designs, textures and
colours in a way that emphasises moods or feelings?
b. sensory components used to create works of art: line, colour,
shape/form, texture, value, space?
c. the physical materials, such as clay, paint and plastics, used
to give a work of art its material form?
d. the organisation of elements in a work of art?

e. the principle of design that deals with the creation of
r
r
1. value
2. abstract
3. movement
4. content
5. elements of art
6. colour
7. scale
action?
f. lightness or darkness of a hue or neutral colour?

g. the message, idea, or feelings expressed in a work of art?
h. the emptiness or area between, around, above, below, or
r
r
r
contained within objects?
i. the state of mind or emotion communicated in a work of art,
frequently through colour, composition, media, scale, etc.?
j. a pigment in a plastic binder medium; water-based paint that
adheres to most surfaces?
k. the element of art that is produced when light, striking an
object, is reected back to the eye?
l. a repeated pattern, often creating a sense of rhythm?

m. a continuous mark with length and direction, created by a
8. acrylic
9. mood
10. airbrush
11. texture
12. line
13. composition
14. media
15. space
16. motif
r
r
point that moves across a surface?
n. the relationship between the sizes of parts in an artwork to
their size in reality?
o. a painting tool in which a stream of air is used to paint?

p. the surface quality of materials, either actual (tactile) or
r
r
implied (visual)?
45 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ARTS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
VISUAL PERCEPTION
1. Complete the following text using the words in the boxes.
perception
visual
sensory
We come to interpret the reality of our a. _______________________ world through the body and mind working
together to enable the process of visual b. _______________________ .
Percept processes are considered to be adaptive our c. _______________________ systems (smell, taste,
touch, vision, hearing) have evolved to ensure our survival as a species and to assist us in reproduction.
reception
principles
stages
impulses
optic
selection
image
transduction
organisation
space
interpretation
movement
transmission
The six d. _______________________ of visual perception are:

1. e. _______________________: when light energy enters the eye and is focused on the retina;
2. f. _______________________: when the light energy is converted into nerve g. _______________________
3. h. _______________________: when the nerve impulses travel via the i. _______________________ nerve to
the occipital lobes at the rear of the brain;
4. j. _______________________: when the k. _______________________ is pulled apart by cells called feature
detectors that respond to lines of a certain length, orientation or direction of l. ______________________;
5. m. _______________________: when visual information reaching the brains visual cortex is
reorganised using three groups of visual perceptual n. _______________________;
6. o. _______________________: when the brains temporal lobes identify the object by comparing
incoming information with information already stored in memory, and the parietal lobes assist in
judging where the object is in p. _______________________.
photoreceptors
peripheral
colour
The retina, which covers over 50 percent of the back of the eye, contains two types of
q. _______________________. The 125,000,000 rods in each eye are responsible for vision in low light and
for r. _______________________ vision; they only register black and white. The 6,500,000 cones in each
eye are responsible for vision of detail, and s. _______________________ vision (and black-and-white
vision in daylight).
ddd\b]P\ZNbLLQNaNN``Ra`]QSLYR!%$ !21DL=@F05LLN[QL@/L0#
]QSNQN]aRQN[QNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
46
ARTS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GEOMETRIC SHAPES
1.
Label these two dimensional shapes using the words below.
}}}}}}
}}}}}}}
}}}}}
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
2.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
Draw these three dimensional shapes.

a. Cone
b. Cube
c. Cylinder
d. Sphere
e. Rectangular prism
f. Tetrahedron
47 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ARTS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
COLOUR BLINDNESS
1.
Read the following article by Eddie Wrenn, published in the Daily Mail.
An expert in colour science has hit upon an intriguing idea on why Van Gogh painted as he did - and his
insights could change the way we view the Masters art.
20
The Starry Night, Van Gogh
10
15
6aUN`Y\[TORR[_bZ\b_RQaUNaCN[4\TUdN`
P\Y\b_OYV[QN[QaUVàUR\_fV`\SaR[PVaRQN`
a\dUfaURN_aVà]NV[aRQdVaU`bPUO\YQà_\XR`
N[QcVO_N[a\PPN`V\[NYYf^bV_XfUbR`DUR[
7N]N[ON`RQ8Ngb[\_V.`NQNTVcV[TN`]RRPUV[
5\XXNVQ\NO\bacV`V\[QRPVR[PVR`S\b[QUVZ`RYS
cVRdV[TCN[4\TU`d\_XV[N_\\ZVYYbZV[NaRQa\
TVcRaURVZ]_R``V\[\SP\Y\b_OYV[Q[R`ÙRS\b[Q
aUR]VRPR`\SN_aa_N[`S\_ZRQV[a\RcR[ORaaR_
]VRPR`\SN_a5RUN`[\dP\[cR_aRQCN[4\TU`
d\_XaU_\bTUaURYR[`\SP\Y\b_OYV[Q[R``N[Q
ÙN_RQUVà\\Y`\f\bPN[a_faURRe]R_VZR[a
dVaUf\b_\d[PU\VPR\S]VPab_Rà\`RRVS
\aUR_`NT_RRaUNaCN[4\TUY\\XÒRaaR_aU_\bTU
VZ]NV_RQcV`V\[@]RNXV[T\SUV`Re]R_VR[PR`
UR`NVQ'AUR0\Y\b_CV`V\[2e]R_VR[PR?\\Z
25
30
35
40
b`RQVYYbZV[NaV\[YaR_RQOfN[\]aVPNYYaR_
]_\cVQV[TNZ\QVRQ`]RPa_bZ\SYVTUa6[aUV`
_\\ZaUR]R_`\[dU\UN`[\_ZNYP\Y\b_cV`V\[
`RR`P\Y\b_aUR`NZRNàUR]R_`\[dU\UN`]_\aN[
\_QRbaN[P\Y\b_cV`V\[AUR`Raf]R`\SP\Y\b_
QRPVR[PfZRN[aUNaPR_aNV[P\Y\b_P\ZOV[NaV\[`
N_RQVPbYaa\QVR_R[aVNaRAUR_RdR_R]_V[a`\S
CV[PR[aCN[4\TU`]NV[aV[T`V[aUR_\\ZB[QR_
aURYaR_RQYVTUa6S\b[QaUNaaUR`R]NV[aV[T`
Y\\XRQQVR_R[aS_\ZaURCN[4\TUdUVPU6UNQ
NYdNf``RR[
5RNQQRQ'6Y\cRCN[4\TU`]NV[aV[T`N[QUNcR
ORR[S\_ab[NaRa\cVRdN[bZOR_\SaUR\_VTV[NY`
V[cN_V\b`N_aZb`RbZÀUV`]NV[aR_UN`N
`\ZRdUNaà_N[TRdNfa\b`RP\Y\b_.YaU\bTU
aURb`R\SP\Y\b_V`_VPUYV[R`\SQVR_R[aP\Y\b_`
_b[P\[Pb__R[aYf\_N]\V[a\SQVR_R[aP\Y\b_
`bQQR[YfN]]RN_`6cRURN_QVaP\[WRPab_RQaUNa
CN[4\TUUNQP\Y\b_cV`V\[QRPVR[Pf5\dRcR_
V[aURCN[4\TUVZNTR``RR[V[aURP\Y\b_cV`V\[
Re]R_VR[PR_\\Za\ZRaURV[P\[T_bVaf\SP\Y\b_
N[Q_\bTU[R``\SYV[RUNQ^bVRaYfQV`N]]RN_RQ
.[QRNPU]VPab_RUNQPUN[TRQV[a\\[R\S
O_VYYVN[PRdVaUcR_fQRYVPNaRYV[R`N[QÙNQRÀUV`
dNà_bYfNd\[QR_SbYRe]R_VR[PR
2QQVRD_R[[AURV[P_RQVOYRVZNTRàUNaÙ\dU\dNP\Y\b_OYV[Q]R_`\[`RRàURd\_YQN[QdUfVaZVTUaRe]YNV[CN[4\TU`TR[Vb`
dddQNVYfZNVYP\bXNO_VQTRQN[QNQN]aRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
2.
Choose one of these topics and do some research about it in groups. Then prepare an exhibition
to show your work to the school community.
2.1 Colour-blindness: what it is, types, colour-blind people you know about, etc.
2.2 Find out more about Van Goghs alleged colour-blindness and Kazunori Asadas research.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
48
ICT
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
1. Find the incorrect labels of these computer components and correct them.
1. Monitor
2. Laser
printer
11. Memory
3. Keyboard
4. Disk
drive
10. Modem
5. CD-ROM
9. Speaker
6.CR-ROM
Drive
7. Floppy
Disc
8. Mouse
2. Label these laptop components.
1.
7.
2.
6.
5.
3.
4.
49 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ICT
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SEARCHING THE WEB

1.
Match the words on the left with their denitions on the right.
Words
a. Keyword
b. Hit
c. Browser
d. Search Engine
e. Entry
f. Download
g. Internet Protocol Address
h. Bookmark
i. Boolean Operators
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
Denitions
1. a unique number identifying every computer on the Internet.
2. a software program used to display web pages.
3. a program that follows certain rules to look through the WWW and
brings back information about places that t what youve asked for.
4. to transfer a le from a remote computer to a local computer.

5. a link to a particular web site, stored (bookmarked) by a web user for
future use and easy access.
6. something that was found that ts the criteria you gave for the search.
7. the information you see about each hit.
8. a word used by a search engine to search for relevant web information.
9. these dene the relationships between words or groups of words.
2. Boolean Operators can be a great help when searching on the Internet. Learn important
strategies for eective database searching by using the following Boolean operators.
AND (+) is a limiting operator. It narrows your search and retrieves records containing all
of the words it separates.
NOT (-) is a limiting operator. It narrows your search and retrieves records that do not
contain the word following it.
OR (|) is an expanding operator. It broadens and retrieves records containing any of the
words it separates.
To help you in your searches use QUOTATION MARKS around phrases.
2.1 How would you search for this information using Boolean logic?
a. I want some information about colour blindness in Portugal.
b. Im interested in energy, but not solar energy.
c. I would like information about football or soccer, but not American football and rugby.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
50
ICT
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MAKING THE MOST OUT OF THE INTERNET TOOLS

1. Use the website popplet to create one of these projects. Show your work in class.
1.1 A gallery of the evolution of computers.
1.2 A mind map on collaborative tech tools.
51 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ICT
2.
Use the Nearpod app to create a quiz about one of the following topics:
A. Mobile Technology and Education.
B. Are you Computer Savvy?
a. Get into groups of 4.
b. Come up with some questions about the topic, and think about multiple answers.
c. Create your quiz on Nearpod and then share it with your classmates in real time.
d. As results can be shared immediately, you will receive automatic feedback. Use graphics to
present the results in class.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
52
ICT
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FREE INFORMATION
1.
Read the following article by Todd Leopold, published on 15 January 2013.
How Aaron Swartz

helped build the
Internet
10
15
20
25
30
Swartz died Friday of an apparent suicide in his

apartment in Brooklyn, New York. He was 26.
With his contributions to RSS coding and the
Web application framework, Swartz made some
of todays more expansive Internet possible. But
what Swartz also helped create was a philosophy
of the Internet, one that remains the subject of
great controversy almost 20 years into its life: the
libertarian idea that information wants to be
free.
Aaron was a genius, said Christopher
Soghoian. He was a technologist who was
committed to open access to information, and
committed to bringing about the changes he
believed in.
Aaron was an embodiment of the Web, and a
contributor to many of the aspects that made it
great, said Matt Mullenweg, who founded the
blogging platform WordPress, in a statement.
When I was young and getting into technology
Aaron was even younger and literally setting
the standards for the Web with contributions
to RSS 1.0 and Creative Commons. He inspired
a generation to share online, to move (to San
Francisco), to not be afraid to start things, and
to break down barriers.
Swartz was apparently committed to such
activism from an early age. He was born in
Chicago, the son of a software company
founder, and showed both intellect and
restlessness at an early age.
35
40
45
50
55
My name is Aaron Swartz, he wrote on a blog

when he was a teenager, according to an entry
on the Tumblr. (The actual blog post appears
to be unavailable.) Im a 9th grader at the North
Shore Country Day School. In the summer
\S6[NYYf_RNYVgRQaUNa`PU\\YdN`[a
working. I decided to do something about it. ...
Im tired of outdated teaching practices where
the students dont learn anything. Im tired of

constantly being prepared for more preparation.
I want something new, something worthwhile,
something better. He would have been 13 at the
time.
Swartz was a prodigy. By the time he was 14,
URUNQP\d_VaaR[aUR`]RPVPNaV\[S\_?@@
originally Rich Site Summary, now Really Simple
Syndication a Web-publishing technology for
delivering syndicated content from frequently
updated sites, such as blogs or news websites.
RSS allows Web consumers to receive the latest
stories on a feed without having to constantly
revisit their favorite pages. If you subscribe to
a podcast or receive automatic updates from
CNN.com you have Swartz to thank.
53 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ICT
60
65
70
One of Swartzs desires was to make public

information truly public - that is, free and easily
available. Theres a government-run system,
PACER, that allows the public to access court
records online. However, PACER charged a fee
for accessing this public-domain information.
As Doctorow observed, Swartz singlehandedly
liberated 20% of U.S. law by moving the
information onto a public site, spending a
small fortune of his own money doing so.
Later, Swartz founded Demand Progress, a
group devoted to Internet activism. For all his
success with programming, its in this arena that
he had the most impact, said Soghoian. Demand
75
80
=_\T_R``dN`V[à_bZR[aNYV[TUaV[TaUR@a\]
Online Piracy Act and the Protect IP Act, two
bills that would have expanded government
\cR_`VTUaV[TUaV[T6[aR_[Ra]V_NPfN[Q
copyright violations at the possible expense of
aURS_RR\d\SV[S\_ZNaV\[
He really, really believed that public
information should be free and accessible to
everyone, said Soghoian. Aaron is seen as a
hero. He spent a lot of time working to make
the Internet a more open place, he added. We
lost a really important person who changed the
Internet in a positive way, and we all lose out by
his departure.
Todd Leopold, How Aaron Swartz helped build the Internet, www.cnn.com, (adapted and abridged), accessed in February 2013
2.
Complete these sentences according to the text.

a. Aaron Shwartz believed that _________________________________________________________________________
b. In his opinion, school __________________________________ because ____________________________________
c. He founded Demand Progress, which ________________________________________________________________
3. In the rst three paragraphs nd words that have the same meaning as the following.
a. open __________________________________
b. freedom-loving __________________________
c. dedicated ________________________________
d. personication ____________________________
4. Answer these questions using your own words as far as possible.

4.1 In what way has Aaron Schwartz contributed to make the Internet more expansive?
4.2 Do you agree with his alleged opinion about school?
5. Report Aarons statement.

Im a 9th grader at the North Shore Country Day School. In the summer of 2000, I nally realized that
school wasnt working. () Im tired of outdated teaching practices where the students dont learn
anything. Im tired of constantly being prepared for more preparation. I want something new, something
worthwhile, something better.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
54
LITERATURE,
MUSIC
& CINEMA
Literature
Music
Cinema
pp. 57-68
pp. 69-83
pp. 84-98
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
LOUISA MAY ALCOTT

1.
10
15
20
25
Read the following excerpt from Louisa May Alcotts An Old

Fashioned Girl.
Some time ago we got into a famous talk about what women should
be, and Becky said shed show us her idea of the coming woman. There
she is, as you say, bigger, lovelier, and more imposing than any we see
[\dNQNf`( N[Q Na aUR `NZR aVZR ÙR V` N a_bR d\ZN[ @RR dUNa N [R
S\_RURNQfRaaURZ\baUVÒ\aU_ZN[QaR[QR_N`VSVaP\bYQ`Nfà_\[T
wise things, as well as teach children and kiss babies. We couldnt decide
what to put in the hands as the most appropriate symbol. What do you
say?
4VcRUR_N`PR]aR_(ÙRd\bYQZNXRN[R^bRR[N[`dR_RQ3N[[f
;\ dR UNcR UNQ R[\bTU \S aUNa( d\ZR[ UNcR ORR[ PNYYRQ ^bRR[`
a long time, but the kingdom given them isnt worth ruling, answered
Rebecca.
6Q\[aaUV[XVaV`[\dNQNf``NVQ3N[[fdVaUNaV_RQ`\_a\S`VTU
=baNZN[ÙN[QV[UR_à\URY]UR_NY\[TaUR[`NVQ=\YYfdU\`RUN]]fS\_ab[RVaUNQORR[a\[Q
friends and helpers in father and brothers.
No; my woman is to stand alone, and help herself, said Rebecca, decidedly.
@URà\ORà_\[TZV[QRQV`ÙR,N[Q3N[[f`YV]Pb_YRQNYVaaYRN`ÙRbaaR_RQaURZV`b`RQd\_Q`
Yes, strong-minded, strong-hearted, strong-souled, and strong-bodied; that is why I made her larger
than the miserable, pinched-up woman of our day. Strength and beauty must go together. Dont you think
these broad shoulders can bear burdens without breaking down, these hands work well, these eyes see
clearly, and these lips do something besides simper and gossip?
3N[[fdN``VYR[a(ObaNc\VPRS_\Z/R```P\_[R_`NVQ
Put a child in her arms, Becky.
Not that even, for she is to be something more than a nurse.
Give her a ballot-box, cried a new voice, and turning round, they saw an odd-looking woman perched
on a sofa behind them.
Thank you for the suggestion, Kate. Ill put that with the other symbols at her feet; for Im going to
have needle, pen, palette, and broom somewhere, to suggest the various talents she owns, and the
ONYY\aO\e dVYY Ù\d aUNa ÙR UN` RN_[RQ aUR _VTUa a\ b`R aURZ 5\d T\R` Va, N[Q ?RORPPN \R_RQ N
clay-daubed hand, which the new-comer cordially shook.
Louisa May Alcott, An Old Fashioned Girl. Boston: Roberts Brothers. 1870
57 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
LITERATURE
2.

a. she (l. 2) ____________________________
b. them (l. 11) ____________________________
c. which (l. 29) ____________________________
3.
Find evidence in the text for the following statements.

a. People in the room are discussing how women will be in the future.
b. They believe women should not be compared to sovereigns.
c. Women have numerous abilities.
4.
Answer these questions using your own words as far as possible.

4.1 What is the main topic of these womens conversation?
4.2 What symbols wont characterise the new woman? Why?
4.3 Why was the ballot-box important?
4.4 What do you think Rebecca is creating? Account for your answer.
5.
Look at these adjectives taken from Louisa Alcotts text.

bigger, lovelier, and more imposing (l. 3)
larger than (ll. 18-19)
the most appropriate (l. 7)
5.1 Identify the degree used.

5.2 Complete these sentences with the correct degrees of the adjectives.
a. Louisa May Alcott is one of ______________ (good) American women authors of the 19th century.
b. Her childrens literature is ____________________________ (famous) her gothic novels and tales.
c. She lived in ____________________________ (terrible) poverty for most of her life.
6.
Choose one of these topics and write about it. (minimum 150 words)
A. Referring to womens rights, Rebecca says, the kingdom given them isnt worth ruling. Do some
research on womens status in North America around the time this novel was published and
comment on Rebeccas statement.
B. Comment on the following statement by Rosalyn Yalow, an American Nobel prize winner for
medicine in 1977: The failure of women to have reached positions of leadership has been due in
large part to social and professional discrimination.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
58
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PATIENCE AGBABI
1.
When travelling to a foreign country what language are

you most likely to use? Why?
2. What happens when you dont understand someones

language?
3. The poem you are going to read is entitled Foreign

Exchange. What do you think it will be about?
4. Read Agbabis poem.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE
In Hamburg, me and Anna, who is German,
and a man across the street attacks us, spitting
his violence; the air is cold, and bitter
faces gather like rainclouds, like an omen
and my gentle friend counter-attacks but later
refuses to translate and thats the killer,
her silence, like a shroud; I feel the colour
rage in my cheeks for lack of that translation
reminding me of school, that French exchange,
a simple sentence, Parce quelle est noire,
delivered at such speed and with such hatred
it stung me: to encounter so much rage;
more, for being judged solely by colour;
but most, the fact it had to be translated.
Patience Agbabi, Bloodshot Monochrome, 2008
5.

5.1 Where is the subject?
5.2 What happens?
5.3 What is silence compared to?
5.4 Why does the subject feel that way
about the silence?
5.5 What episode comes to the subjects
mind?
5.6 What hurt the subject the most? Why?
5.7 What would you do if you were Anna?
5.8 What is this poems main theme?
6. Write a poem on the same happening, but this time from Annas perspective.
59 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CONOR N. A. ROWELL
1.
Read the following poem by Conor Rowell.

Batteries & Futures Not Included
Ugh,
the uorescent lights are killing me.
Somehow,
they reect on the cheap o-white tiles
beneath my worn-out sneakers.
Okay, why am I here again?
Oh thats right...
Toy aisle.
Which is a total misnomer
because there is never just
one aisle of sweatshop joys.
Alright, here we are:
Boys or Girls Toys
Did I take my Xanax?
Yeah I did.
A present for my little girl.
Peering into the girls aisle,
my senses ll with pink,
and plush,
and lace(?!)
and oh god that blond stereotype doll.
No I cant get these;
here is where young girls nd their rst paradox.
Maybe shed like a boy toy better
(Well, not in that sense until shes older).
Army men,
fast cars,
guns,
tight muscles
yet no genitals;
here is where young boys nd their rst paradox.
What can I do?
Uaa]'`]RNX\baN[QPUN[TROY\T`]\a]aNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
60
2.

a. me (l. 2)
b. they (l. 4)
c. Which (l. 9)
d. These (l.22)
3. Answer the following questions, using

your own words as far as possible.
3.1 Where is the subject? Justify your
opinion.
3.2 Why does the subject think toy
aisle is a misnomer?
3.3 Why is there never just one aisle
of toys?
3.4 Explain the meaning of the
expression sweatshop joys.
3.5 What is the subject looking for? Is
s/he happy with what s/he nds?
Account for your answer.
3.6 What does the subject mean by
that blond stereotype doll?
3.7 Why does the subject feel young
girls and boys nd their rst
paradox in these toys?
3.8 Answer the subjects last question.
What can you do to help change
this?
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PATRICIA GRACE
1.
Complete the following spidergram with words you associate

with butteries.
2. Read the following short story, written by Patricia Grace.
Butteries
Butteries
10
15
20
25
30
The Grandmother plaited her granddaughters hair and then she said, Get your
lunch. Put it in your bag. Get your apple. You come straight back after school,
straight home here. Listen to the teacher, she said. Do what she say.
Her grandfather was out on the step. He walked down the path with her and out
onto the footpath. He said to a neighbor, Our granddaughter goes to school. She
lives with us now.
@UR`[RaUR[RVTUO\_`NVQ@URàR__VPdVaUUR_ad\]YNVa`V[UR_UNV_
And clever, the grandfather said. Writes every day in her book.
@UR`[RaUR[RVTUO\_`NVQ
The grandfather waited with his granddaughter by the crossing and then he said,
Go to
school. Listen to the teacher. Do what she say.
When the granddaughter came home from school her grandfather was hoeing around the cabbages. Her
grandmother was picking beans. They stopped their work.
You bring your book home? the grandmother asked.
Yes.
You write your story?
Yes.
Whats your story?
.O\baaURObaaR_VR`
Get your book then. Read your story.
The granddaughter took her book from her schoolbag and opened it.
6XVYYRQNYYaURObaaR_VR`ÙR_RNQAUV`V`ZRN[QaUV`V`NYYaURObaaR_VR`
And your teacher like your story, did she?
I dont know.
What your teacher say?
@UR`NVQObaaR_VR`N_RORNbaVSbYP_RNab_RÀURfUNaPU\baN[QfV[aUR`b[AURObaaR_VR`cV`VaNYYaUR
]_Raaf\dR_`ÙR`NVQAURfYNfaURV_RTT`N[QaUR[aURfQVRF\bQ\[aXVYYObaaR_VRàUNa`dUNaÙR
said.
AURT_N[QZ\aUR_N[QaURT_N[QSNaUR_dR_R^bVRaS\_NY\[TaVZRN[QaURV_T_N[QQNbTUaR_U\YQV[TaUR
O\\Xà\\Q^bVaRàVYYV[aURdN_ZTN_QR[
Because you see, the grandfather said, your teacher, she buy all her cabbages from the supermarket and
thats why.
Uaa]'PUV]O_bPRYR`d\_Q]_R``P\Z%ObaaR_VR`]QSNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
61 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
LITERATURE
3.
Are these sentences True (T) or False (F)? Quote from the text to support your answer.
a. The little girl didnt use to live with her grandparents.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. The girls grandparents were farmers.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. The teacher doesnt like butteries.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Match the words on the left with their synonyms on the right.
Words
a. plaited (l. 1)
b. footpath (l. 5)
c. hoeing (l. 13)
d. hatch out (l. 27)
Synonyms
r
r
r
r
1. digging
2. come out of the egg
3. braided
4. pathway
5. Answer these questions using your own words as far as possible.

5.1 Where does this story happen?
5.2 Are the little girls grandparents rich? Account for your answer.
5.3 How does the grandfather feel about his granddaughter going to school?
5.4 What are the little girls grandparents like?
5.5 What is their opinion about school in general?
5.6 What story did the girl write? Did the teacher like it? Why?
5.7 What is the grandparents opinion about the girls story? Why dont they agree with the teacher?
5.8 What message can you infer from this story?
6.
Choose one of these topics and write a minimum of 150 words on it.
A. The little girl is going to explain her side of the story to the teacher. Write their dialogue. (minimum
150 words)
B. The little girl wrote a story about butteries. Based on what you can infer from the story, write the
little girls short story. (minimum 150 words)
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
62
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BENJAMIN ZEPHANIAH
1.
Where is Ethiopia situated?
2. Scan the text to nd out the characters in the story.

3. Read the following excerpt from the book Refugee Boy by Benjamin
Zephaniah.
~ Ethiopia ~
10
15
.àURSNZVYfYNf`YRR]V[T`\YQVR_`XVPXRQQ\d[aURQ\\_\SaURU\b`RN[QR[aR_RQdNcV[TaURV__VR`
around erratically and shouting at the top of their voices. Alem ran into the room where his parents were,
a\[QaUNaaURfUNQORR[Q_NTTRQ\ba\SORQQ_R``RQ\[YfV[aURV_[VTUaPY\aUR`N[QS\_PRQa\àN[QSNPV[T
the wall.
The soldier who was in command went and stood so that his mouth was six inches away from Alems
fathers ear and shouted, What kind of man are you?
Alems father shuddered with fear; his voice trembled as he replied, I am an African.
.YRZY\\XRQ\[aR__VRQNàUR`\YQVR_Ù\aN[bZOR_\SObYYRa`V[a\aUR\\_N_\b[QaURSRRa\SUV`
father and mother.
His mother screamed with fear. Please leave us! We only want peace.
The soldier continued shouting. Are you Ethiopian or Eritrean? Tell us, we want to know.
I am an African, Alems father replied.
AUR`\YQVR__NV`RQUV`_VRN[Q]\V[aRQVaNa.YRZ`SNaUR_F\bN_RNa_NVa\_5Rab_[RQN[Q]\V[aRQ
aUR_VRNa.YRZ`Z\aUR_.[QÙRVàURR[RZfAUR[URab_[RQN[Q]\V[aRQaUR_VRNa.YRZ`S\_RURNQ
And he is a mongrel1.
Turning back to Alems father, he dropped his voice and said, Leave Ethiopia or die.
Glossary
1 Mongrel}}}}
Benjamin Zephaniah, Refugee Boy, 2001
4. Answer the following questions using your own words as far as possible.
4.1 When does the action take place? Account for your answer.
4.2 What disturbs the family peace?
4.3 What does Alems father say about his nationality? Does his answer satisfy the soldiers? Why?
4.4 What are they being accused of?
4.5 What are Alems fathers options? Which one do you think he will choose?
63 10.o Ano BRIDGES
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5. Read the second part of the excerpt from the book Refugee Boy by Benjamin Zephaniah.
~ Eritrea ~
10
20
.àURSNZVYfYNf`YRR]V[T`\YQVR_`XVPXRQQ\d[aURQ\\_\SaURU\b`RN[QR[aR_RQdNcV[TaURV__VR`
around erratically and shouting at the top of their voices. Alem ran into the room where his parents were,
a\[QaUNaaURfUNQORR[Q_NTTRQ\ba\SORQQ_R``RQ\[YfV[aURV_[VTUaPY\aUR`N[QS\_PRQa\àN[QSNPV[T
the wall.
The soldier who was in command went and stood so that his mouth was six inches away from Alems
mothers ear and shouted, What kind of woman are you?
Alems mother shuddered with fear; her voice trembled as she replied, I am an African.
.YRZY\\XRQ\[aR__VRQNàUR`\YQVR_Ù\aN[bZOR_\SObYYRa`V[a\aUR\\_N_\b[QaURSRRa\SUV`
mother and father.
His father screamed with fear. Please leave us! We only want peace.
The soldier continued shouting. Are you Eritrean or Ethiopian? Tell us, we want to know.
I am an African, Alems mother replied.
AUR`\YQVR__NV`RQUV`_VRN[Q]\V[aRQVaNa.YRZ`Z\aUR_F\bN_RNa_NVa\_5Rab_[RQN[Q]\V[aRQ
aUR_VRNa.YRZ`SNaUR_.[QURVàURR[RZfAUR[URab_[RQN[Q]\V[aRQaUR_VRNa.YRZ`S\_RURNQ
And he is a mongrel.
Turning back to Alems mother, he dropped his voice and said, Leave Eritrea or die.
Benjamin Zephaniah, Refugee Boy, 2001
6. Answer the following questions, using your own words as much as possible.
6.1 Where does the action take place?
6.2 What distinguishes this excerpt of the text from the previous one? Why?
6.3 Why do you think the events are repeated?
6.4 Do you agree with the soldiers attitude? Justify your answer.
6.5 In your opinion, what will the family do now?
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
64
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GILLIAN CLARKE
1.
10
Read the following text by Gillian Clarke. Some parts are missing.
Imagine the part of the story that is missing, so that it will make
sense as a whole.
2cR_f 3_VQNf 6Q dURRY Zf OVXR b] aUR ]NaU N[Q YRN[ Va NTNV[à aUR
wooden steps that led to the door. By that time, the wetter and colder I
was, the happier. My paper bag was empty, and a saucepan of cawl was
steaming for me. I can still see it. Vivid bits of leek, carrot and turnip in the
bowl, and home-made rolls, all shapes, freckled like the old ladies hands.
Her sisters would take my coat, give me a hug, sit me down at the table. My
mother didnt approve. Weird, she called them. I never got bowls of lamb
cawl or hugs at home.
It was the last call on my round, last house on the beach road before
it ended in a track between sand dunes. _______________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
15
20
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________ . It gives me the creeps to think about things like that.
The autumn after my twelfth birthday, when my mother moved to live in town after the split,
I became a boarder. It was a brand-new life. There were only twenty boarders, and to my delight
aU_RR\Sb`dR_RY\QTRQNa3V[PUR`0\aaNTR6adN`[aYVXRORV[TN]_\]R_O\N_QR_6UNQN_\\Z\S
Zf\d[N[Q6dN`NYY\dRQa\XRR]Zf]N]R__\b[QAUR\[Yf]_\OYRZdVaU`YRR]V[TNa3V[PUR`
was the walk back from school in the pitch dark after homework.
Ad\:V``R`3V[PUN[Q:_`=_VPRAU_RR`VàR_ÀURfUNQORR[aRNPUR_`N[QUNQa_NcRYYRQaUR
world. ______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
25
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ I
à\]]RQaRYYV[TZfZ\aUR_NO\baaUR3V[PUR`@URQR`]V`RQaURV_b[aVQV[R``/ba6dN`T\V[Ta\
have a house like theirs. It was the most beautiful house in the world. I looked at the treasures ____
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
30
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ .
65 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
LITERATURE
The initials to the poems in the book were printed in dark red, but best of all were the pictures:
engravings of waterfalls, woods, and whirlpools. I liked the poem books mysterious language, like a
35
secret code. ______________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________.
I went there once_____________________________________________________________________________

40
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________.
I felt scared. Neglected buildings are sad. ______________________________________________________

45
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________.
50
B[QR_ UV` aV[f ]RQRàNY dN` N YNORY ZN_XRQ V[ aUR N_PUNR\Y\TVà` UN[Qd_VaV[T 0V_PN
/0 2Tf]aVN[ 5R dN` ONYQ àN[QV[T dVaU \[R S\\a ORS\_R aUR \aUR_ UV` N_Z` S\YQRQ 9N]V` 9NgbYV
blue, said :_` =_VPR . T_NcR T\Q 9N]V` 9NgbYV _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
55
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Mrs Price took the key to the Bolivian archaeologists case. She opened it. ____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
60
AUNadN`fRN_`NT\6ZV[Zf_àfRN_NaB[VcR_`Vaf[\dQ\V[T2[TYVÙDRYÙN[Q._PUNR\Y\Tf6UNcR
a terrible confession to make. _____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
65
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
4VYYVN[0YN_XRHoneyUaa]'dddÙRR_]\Ra_fP\bXNQN]aRQN[QNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
66
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BOOKS & EXCERPTS

1.
What book do these excerpts belong to?
The Handmaids Tale
Twilight
Little Women
The Picture of Dorian Gray
A. You are old enough to leave o boyish tricks, and behave better, Josephine. It didnt matter
so much when you were a little girl; but now you are so tall, and turn up your hair, you should
remember that you are a young lady.
I aint! and if turning up my hair makes me one, Ill wear it in two tails till Im twenty, cried Jo, pulling
o her net, and shaking down a chestnut mane.
I hate to think Ive got to grow up and be Miss March, and wear long gowns, and look as prim as a
China-aster. Its bad enough to be a girl, any-way, when I like boys games, and work, and manners.
I cant get over my disappointment in not being a boy, and its worse than ever now, for Im dying to
go and ght with papa, and I can only stay at home and knit like a poky old woman, and Jo shook
the blue army-sock till the needles rattled like castanets, and her ball bounded across the room.
B. Those who nd ugly meanings in beautiful things are corrupt without being charming. This is a
fault. Those who nd beautiful meanings in beautiful things are the cultivated. For these there is
hope. They are the elect to whom beautiful things mean only Beauty. There is no such thing as a
moral or an immoral book. Books are well written, or badly written. That is all.
C. I want Luke here so badly. I want to be held and told my name. I want to be valued, in ways that I
am not; I want to be more than valuable. I repeat my former name, remind myself of what I once
could do, how others saw me.
D. The Cullens dont come here, he said in a tone that closed the subject, ignoring her question.
Tyler, trying to win back her attention, asked Laurens opinion on a CD he held. She was distracted.
I stared at the deep-voiced boy, taken aback, but he was looking away toward the dark forest
behind us. Hed said that the Cullens didnt come here, but his tone had implied something more
that they werent allowed; they were prohibited. His manner left a strange impression on me, and I
tried to ignore it without success.
67 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BOOKS & AUTHORS

1.
Match these authors to their works.
1. Henry David Thoreau
2. Jane Austen
3. Adrienne Rich
A.
B.
r
C.
4. Melvin Burgess
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
D.
68
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BANDS AND SINGERS

1. Look at the following photos of famous singers and bands. Label them correctly. Use the names
in the boxes.
Beyonc
a.
___________________________________
Green Day
e.
___________________________________
Katy Perry
U2
b.
___________________________________
f.
___________________________________
Maroon 5
Rihanna
c.
___________________________________
g.
___________________________________
Adele
Foo Fighters
d.
___________________________________
h.
___________________________________
69 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
1. Look at the following musical instruments. What are they called? Use the names in the boxes.
Bagpipes
Trombone
Guitar
Electric Guitar
Violin
Drums
Saxophone
Banjo
Harmonica
Flute
Cello
Piano
a.
___________________________
b.
___________________________
c.
___________________________
d.
___________________________
e.
___________________________
f.
___________________________
g.
___________________________
h.
___________________________
i.
___________________________
j.___________________________
k.
___________________________
l.
___________________________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
70
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FIVE FOR FIGHTING

1. Listen to this extract from Slice by Five for Fighting. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
Slice
There was a time a long, a long time ago
How can you be as nice as me?
Chevys and levees played on the radio
Youre not from the same (e) __________as me
No
(a)
_____________, just 20,000 lights
Where do we go from here my friend?
Swaying on a Saturday night alright
Is this the way our story ends?
Can you imagine that slice of time?
(chorus)
(b)
_____________ was young
People stood in line
I cant stop singing along
To hear music that played into their lives
Can you join in? Come on
That you could carry till the day you die
Are we more than just a slice of American Pie?

Were top down (f) _____________
Hey man, sing me a (c) _____________
Its Saturday night
When we were everyone
The bands running
We were more than just a slice of American Pie
And it feels so right

The moons dancing and the stars are free
Have you read my blog today?
I caught your heart on a summer breeze
300 million little (d) _____________
Whatever was or whats meant to be
Your doorstep is just a click away
Our melodies are (g) _____________.
Well get together one of these days

www.azlyrics.com, (adapted and abridged), accessed in February 2013
1.1 Listen to the song again and check your answers.
2. Answer the following questions on the song.

2.1 What do you think the slice of time refers to in the rst stanza? Do some research to help you.
2.2 How important was music back then?
2.3 Why does the subject refer to the American people as a slice of American pie?
2.4 According to the third stanza, how do people connect nowadays?
2.5 What do you think this song is paying homage to?
71 10.o Ano BRIDGES
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
COLDPLAY & FRIDA KAHLO

1. Listen to Viva la Vida by Coldplay. What do you think its message is?
Viva la Vida
I used to rule the world
(chorus)
Seas would rise when I gave the word
I hear Jerusalem bells a ringing
Now in the morning I sleep alone
Roman Cavalry choirs are singing
Sweep the streets I used to own
Be my mirror my sword and shield

My missionaries in a foreign eld
I used to roll the dice
For some reason I cant explain
Feel the fear in my enemys eyes
Once you go there was never
Listen as the crowd would sing
Never an honest word
Now the old king is dead long live the king!
That was when I ruled the world
One minute I held the key
It was a wicked and wild wind
Next the walls were closed on me
Blew down the doors to let me in
And I discovered that my castles stand
Shattered windows and the sound of drums
Upon pillars of salt and pillars of sand
People couldnt believe what Id become

Revolutionaries wait
For my head on a silver plate
Just a puppet on a lonely string
Oh who would ever want to be king?
www.coldplay.com (adapted), accessed in February 2013
2. What might the connection be between the lyrics and the above painting by Frida Kahlo? Do
some research and share your ndings with your colleagues.
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72
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MATCHBOX TWENTY
1.
Listen to Real World by Matchbox Twenty. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
Real World
I wonder what its like to be the (a) ________________
I wonder what its like to know that I made the rain
Id store it in boxes with little yellow tags on everyone
And you can come see them when Im done, when Im done
I wonder what its like to be a (b) ________________
I wonder where Id go if I could y around downtown
From some other planet, I get this funky high on yellow sun
Boy I bet my friends will all be stunned, theyre stunned
Straight up, what did you hope to learn about here

If I were someone else, would this all fall apart
Strange, where were you, when we started this gig,
I wish the (c) ______________ would just stop hassling me
(chorus)
I wonder what its like to be the head honcho
I wonder what Id do if they all did just what I said
Id shout out an (d) _______________, I think were out of this man, get me some
Boy dont make me wanna change my tone, my tone
www.matchboxtwenty.com, (adapted and abridged), accessed in February 2013
2.
Who would the subject like to be? Why?
3. Who/What is a head honcho? Look up the meaning in your monolingual dictionary.

4. Explain I wish the real world would just stop hassling me.
73 10.o Ano BRIDGES
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
THE SCRIPT
Hall of Fame
1. Listen to Hall of Fame by The Script and ll in the gaps with the missing words.
Yeah, you could be the greatest
You can be the hero
You can be the best
You can get the (d) ____________
You can be (a) ________
You can walk straight through hell with a smile
banging on your chest

You could beat the world
Breaking all the records that they thought never

could be broke
You could beat the war
Do it for your people
You could talk to God, go banging on his door
Do it for your pride
You can throw your hands up
Never gonna know if you never even try
You can beat the clock
Do it for your (e) ___________
You can move a
(b)
____________
Do it for you name
You can break rocks
Cause theres gonna be a day
You can be a master

[chorus]
Dont wait for luck

Dedicate yourself and you can nd yourself
Be a (f) _______________(4x)
[chorus]
On the walls of the hall of fame
Standing in the hall of fame
Be (g) _____________, be teachers
And the worlds gonna know your name
Be politicians, be preachers
Cause you burn with the brightest ame

And the worlds gonna know your name
And youll be on the walls of the hall of fame
Be believers, be leaders
Be astronauts, be champions
Be (h) _______________
You can go the distance

You can go the (b)____________
You can walk straight through hell with a smile
http://www.thescriptmusic.com/gb/music.com, (adapted and abridged), acessed in February 2013
2.
Watch the video clip on YouTube and do some research about its message.
3. Write your own poem. Start as shown below. Write at least ve lines.
You
could be
____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
74
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ANASTACIA
1. Listen to The way I see it by Anastacia and ll in the gaps with the missing words.
The way I see it
Mommy used to say to me
Two, three, four.
Bein you is the best you can be.
Even if I really could (d) _____________,
Make my (a)_____________ ,
I think people would nd me strange.
Dont change my ways,
They think Im bugging, maybe on something,
Because Im satised with me.
Just because it wouldnt be me.
See, I dont trip when my (b)_____________
So dont get (e)______________
they say to me,
cause we dont see the same,
Damn youre mean.
cause thats ok.
Just because I see the same
You be you and Ill,
as they but dierently.
Ill just concentrate on being (f) ___________.
(chorus)
(chorus)
Well youre trippin if youre thinkin,
I wont apologize for being (g) _____________,
I aint gonna speak my (c) ____________.
Cause that aint wrong.
Well pardon me for livin, expressin my opinion.
I dont know how to be
Thats just the way I see it.
nobody else but me.

(chorus)
2.

2.1 What advice did the subject mother give to her?
2.2 How does she react when people have a dierent view from hers?
2.3 How do you feel about changing so that other people accept you? Is the
subject willing to do so? Why?
75 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
JASON MRAZ
1. Listen to The Freedom Song, by Jason Mraz.
The Freedom Son
I picture something, its beautiful
Its full of life, and it is all blue
I see the sunset on the beach, yeah
It makes me feel calm
When Im calm, I feel good
And when I feel good, I sing
And the joy it brings makes me feel good
Of the joy it brings
I see birds y across the sky
Everyones heart ies together
Food is frying and people smiling
Like there is no other way to feel good
And the joy it brings makes me feel good
Of the joy it brings
I say come on along
I know you really wanna feel our song
Weve got some life to bring
Weve got some joy in this thing
Come on along
I say come on along
2.
Come on along
Can you feel
Can you feel
Can you feel
The joy that it brings
If you can feel the joy then you should let yourself
sing
Hey
I love to share my things
Cause it brings me freedom
Got to get you some of that freedom
Its a smile you can feel in your heart beat
Singing freedom
You deserve your freedom
Its in the feeling that beauty
Freedom
Well its all for you
All for you
All for you
All for you
Freedom
Got to get you some of that
Freedom
This song caught Jasons attention during the Hurricane Katrina Recovery Eorts. Why do you
think he felt the urge to start singing it in his concerts?
3. How important do you think songs are in our lives? Why?

4. Explain the title of the song.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
76
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MAROON 5
1. Listen to She will be loved by Maroon 5. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
She will be loved
Beauty queen of only (a) ____________
[chorus]
She had some trouble with herself
I dont mind spending every day
He was always there to help her
Out on your corner in the pouring rain
She always belonged to someone else
Look for the girl with the broken (c) _________

Ask her if she wants to stay awhile
I drove for miles and miles
And she will be loved, and she will be loved
And wound up at your (b) ____________

I have had you so many times
Tap on my window, knock on my door
but some how I want more
I want to make you feel beautiful

I know I tend to get so (d) ________________
It doesnt matter anymore
Its not always rainbows and (e) ____________

Its compromise that moves us along
My heart is full, and my doors always open
You come anytime you want
2.
What do you think this song is about? Discuss it with your partner.
3. Thinking about a best friend which three characteristics are the most important, in your view?
Justify your choice.
77 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
EMELI SAND
Hope
1. The title of the song youre going to listen to is Hope. What do you think it will be about?
2. Listen to Hope by Emeli Sand. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
I hope that the world stops raining
To scream at the top of my lungs
Stops turning its back on the (a) ___________
I just hope Im not the only one (2x)
See nobody here is blameless

I hope that we can x all that weve done
Louder, I cannot hear you

How can things be better left unsaid
I really hope Martin cant see this
Call me, call me a (e) ___________
I hope that we still have a (b) ___________
But it seems that dreams are all that weve got left
Im hoping that change isnt hopeless

Im hoping to start it with me
I hope we still have a heartbeat

I hope we dont turn to snow
At night when you turn the lights o

I hope you dont cry (f) ___________
I hope we start seeing forever

Instead of what we can (c) ___________ in a day
I hope we stop taking for granted
I hope we start seeing each other
All of the land and all of the (g) ___________
Cause dont we all bleed the same
Im taking a chance on loving

I hope that you take it with me
I really hope someone can hear me

That a (d) ________ doesnt bear the weight of a gun
Ill nd the voice within me

www.azlyrics.com, (adapted), accessed in February 2013
3.
Why is the world turning its back on the young?
4. Who do you think Martin is?

5. What is/are the message(s) of this song?
6. Write your own stanza. Start as shown below. Write at least four lines.
I____________________________________
hope
________________________________________________________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
78
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ADAM LAMBERT
1. Listen to Aftermath by Adam Lambert.
Aftermath
Have you lost your way?
You feel the weight
Living in the shadow of the messes that you made
Of lies and contradictions that you live with
And so it goes
every day
Everything inside your circle starts to overow
And its not too late

Think of what could be if you rewrite the role
Take a step before you leap
you play
Into the colors that you seek

You get back what you give away
Take a step before you leap
So dont look back on yesterday
Into the colors that you seek

You get back what you give away
(chorus)
So dont look back on yesterday
Wanna scream out

(chorus)
No more hiding
Dont be afraid of whats inside
Gonna tell ya, youll be alright
Before you break you have to shed your armor

Take a trip and fall into the glitter
In the aftermath
Tell a stranger that theyre beautiful
Anytime anybody pulls you down

Anytime anybody says youre not allowed
Just remember you are not alone
In the aftermath
So all you feel is love, love

All you feel is love, love
(chorus)
dddNQNZ\PVNYP\Zb`Zb`VPNSaR_ZNaUNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
2.
Read this excerpt from an interview Adam gave to The Hollywood Reporter about this song.
Fill in the gaps with the words in the boxes.
chaos
song
honest
moment
time
Its about being (a) __________ with yourself and the people you love. Weve all been there where weve
been worried about that (b)__________ - whether its having a secret or something to overcome or get
past - of (c) _________ that happens right before you make the big step to x it or to relieve yourself. Its a
scary (d) _________, its uncertain, so thats one of the things that I wrote the (e) ________ about.
3. Relate the title of the song with the poem.

79 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BRUNO MARS
1. Listen to Count on Me by Bruno Mars.
Count on Me
If you ever nd yourself stuck
If youre tossin and youre turnin
in the middle of the sea
And you just cant fall asleep
Ill sail the world to nd you
Ill sing a song beside you
If you ever nd yourself lost in the dark and you

cant see
And if you ever forget
Ill be the light to guide you
how much you really mean to me

Every day I will remind you
Find out what were made of
Oooh
When we are called to help our friends in need
Find out what were made of

When we are called to help our friends in need
(chorus)
You can count on me like 1, 2, 3
(chorus)
Ill be there
Youll always have my shoulder when you cry
And I know when I need it
Ill never let go, never say goodbye
I can count on you like 4, 3, 2
You know...
Youll be there
Cause thats what friends are supposed to do, oh
yeah
(chorus)
Ooooooh, oooohhh yeah, yeah

www.azlyrics.com, accessed in February 2013
2.
What is this song about?
3. According to the song, what are friends supposed to be like?

4. Who is/are your best friend(s)? Write a paragraph saying how you two met, and write a funny
story you have gone through together. Share it with the rest of the class.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
80
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
LIGHTHOUSE FAMILY
1. Listen to High by the Lighthouse Family. Fill in the gaps with the lyrics missing words.
High
When youre close to tears remember
Some day itll all be over
One day were gonna get so high
Though its darker than (a)____________
Whats ahead is a dierent colour
At the end of the day

Remember the days
When we were close to the (b)______________
And well wonder how we made it through the night
At he end of the day
Remember the way
We stayed so close till the end
Well remember it was (c)___________________
(chorus)
Cause we are gonna be forever you and me
You will always keep me ying high in the sky of love
Dont you think its time you started

Doing what we always (d) ________________
Cause even the impossible
is easy when we got each other
One day were gonna get so (e) ______________
2.
What is the message of this song? Discuss it in class.
81 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BEYONC
1. Listen to Listen by Beyonc, which was written for the lm Dreamgirls.
Listen
Listen to the song here in my heart
There was someone here inside
A melody I start but cant complete
Someone I thought had died
Listen to the sound from deep within
So long ago
Its only beginning to nd release
Oh Im screaming out
Oh the time has come for my dreams to be heard
And my dreams will be heard
They will not be pushed aside and turned
They will not be pushed aside or turned
Into your own,
Into your own
All cause you wont listen
All cause you wont listen
(chorus)
(chorus)
Listen, I am alone at a crossroads
I dont know where I belong
Im not at home in my own home
But Ill be moving on
And Ive tried and tried
If you dont, if you wont
To say whats on my mind
Listen to the song here in my heart
You should have known
A melody I start, but I will complete
Now Im done believing you
Now I am done believing you
You dont know what Im feeling
You dont know not what I am feeling
Im more than what
Im more than what youve made of me
Youve made of me
I followed the voice you think you gave to me
I followed the voice you gave to me
But now I got to nd my own, my own
But now Ive gotta nd my own

You should have listened
www.beyonce.com/music, accessed in February 2013
2.
What is this song about?
3. Why does the subject feel the need to nd her/his own voice.
4. What is your biggest dream? Write a paragraph on it and share it with your partner.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
82
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ALICIA KEYS
1. Listen to Superwoman by Alicia Keys. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
Superwoman
Everywhere Im turning
For all the (c) ____________ ghting
Nothing seems complete
For better days to come
I stand up and I (a) ______________
And all my women,
For the better part of me
all my women sitting here trying
I hang my head from sorrow
To come home before the sun
State of (b) _______________
And all my (d) _____________
I wear it on my shoulders
Coming together
Gotta nd the strength in me
Say yes I will

Yes I can
[Chorus]
I am a Superwoman
[Chorus]
Yes I am
When I (e) _______________ down
Yes she is
And I cant be found
Even when Im a mess
And I start to get weak
I still put on a vest
Cause no one knows
With an S on my chest
Me underneath these (f) ______________
Oh yes
But I can y
Im a Superwoman
We can y, ooh
[Chorus]
http://aliciakeys.com/songs, (adapted and abridged), accessed in February 2013
2.
What is your denition of Superwoman?
3. Does the subjects denition of Superwoman correspond to your own denition? Why?
4. In what situations do we all need to be Superheroes?
5. Have you ever felt you were one? Write your story and share it with your colleagues.
83 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FILM DIRECTORS
1.
Write the names of these lm directors below each photo.

}5}}3!3}}!!"}
V}}}7 \}=}C}}
Q\}}3}}"}}=}VP}
1. _______________
2. ___________________________
3. ________________
4. _______________
5. _______________
6. _______________
7. _______________
8. _______________
9. _______________
10. _______________
11. _______________
12. _______________
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
84
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FILMS
1. What lms do these photo stills belong to?
Lost in Translation Marie Antoinette
The New World
Amlie
Black Swan
No Country for Old Men
American Beauty
2001: A Space Odyssey
1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
4. ___________________________
5. ___________________________
6. ___________________________
7. ___________________________
8. ___________________________
85 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FILM GENRES
1. Match these lm genres with their denitions.
Film genres
} War
Musical
r
r
Crime
Sci-FI
Epics
f. Adventure
Westerns
Action
Comedies
j . Dramas
k. Horror
r
r
Definitions
1. lms usually include high energy, stunts and chases, possibly with rescues, battles,
ghts, escapes and destructive crises (oods, explosions, natural disasters, res, etc.).
2. lms are usually exciting stories, with new experiences or exotic locales. They can
include searches or expeditions for lost continents or treasure hunts.
3. are light-hearted plots designed to amuse and provoke laughter by exaggerating the
situation, the language, action, relationships and characters.
4. lms are developed around the sinister actions of criminals or mobsters, particularly
bank robbers, or underworld gures who operate outside the law.
5. are serious, plot-driven presentations, portraying realistic characters, settings, life

situations, and stories involving intense character development and interaction.
6. include costume dramas, historical dramas, war lms, medieval romps, or period
pictures that often cover a large expanse of time set against a vast, panoramic
backdrop.
7. films are designed to frighten and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in a terrifying,
shocking nale, while captivating and entertaining us.
8. lms emphasize song and dance routines (usually with a musical or dance
performance), or they are lms that are centered on combinations of music, dance or
song.
9. lms are often quasi-scientic, visionary and imaginative - complete with heroes,
aliens, distant planets, impossible quests, fantastic places, great dark and shadowy
villains, futuristic technology, unknown and unknowable forces, and extraordinary
monsters.
10. lms acknowledge the horror and heartbreak of war, letting the actual combat ghting
(against nations or humankind) on land, sea, or in the air provide the primary plot or
background for the action of the lm.
11. are the major dening genre of the American lm industry. They are one of the oldest,
most enduring genres with very recognizable plots, elements, and characters (six-guns,
horses, dusty towns and trails, cowboys, Indians, etc.).
Uaa]'dddYZ`VaR\_TTR[_RÙaZYNQN]aRQN[QNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
86
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
!(7=!\!(7
1. Look at the tables below. Work with your partner to nd the missing information. Dont look at
your partners table.
These questions and answers may help you:
- What is the title of the lm? Its
- When is it set? It is set
- Where is it set? It is set
- Who is/are the main actor/actress? Or Whos in it? It stars
- Who is the lm director? It is directed by

FILM TITLE
TIME
Anna Karenina
Late 19Th century

(beginning in 1874)
P7
Lincoln
=(>\CR
\RVV
DIRECTOR
Ben Kingsley & Asa

Buttereld
Martin Scorsese
Daniel Day-Lewis
Aboard the ship Titanic;
North Atlantic Ocean
Titanic
James Cameron
19th century
(beginning in 1815)
France
TIME
P7
=(>\CR
\RVV
DIRECTOR
Russia
Keira Knightley
Joe Wright
B.
FILM TITLE
Hugo
1931
Paris
1865
USA
1912
Les Misrables
Steven Spielberg
Leonardo DiCaprio
& Kate Winslet
Hugh Jackman; Russel
Crowe; Anne Hathway
Tom Hooper
87 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
!(7=P7C\V
1. Match these plots with the corresponding lm scene.
1.1
Do some research to nd out the lm title.
1. Airline pilot Whip Whitaker lands a stricken jet during

a storm. But, as hes hailed as a hero by the media,
Whip has a dark secret: hes an alcoholic, who was
drunk while ying the plane...
2. After the 9/11 attacks in 2001, the CIA make

al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden a prime target.
Over a decade, intelligence analyst Maya tracks
a courier she senses will eventually lead to bin
Ladens hide-out. In 2011, Maya believes she has
found bin Laden in Pakistan.
3. Fed up with playing baddie, videogame villain

Wreck-It Ralph (Reilly) quits his retro platformer and
jumps through the screens of his arcade home, in
search of brave new game worlds and an elusive
heros medal...
4. With the eyes of the world on Chiles repressive

regime, dictator Augusto Pinochet calls a plebiscite
to give the people their say. The campaign against
him is given 15 minutes of advertising space each
day, buried on late-night TV, to make its case.
Santiago ad exec Ren Saavedra is recruited to run
it.
5. December, 1995. Three young hoods are gunned

down in their Range Rover near Rettendon in Essex.
But how did they come to be there and who wanted
them dead?
6. Finnish punk band Pertti Kurikan Nimipivt are
just your average hard-rocking, hard-living rockers,

but for one thing: all four band members are
handicapped. As this verit-style lm shows, life
on the road and in the studio isnt all gear and
groupies.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
88
f.
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CLASS: _________________ No.: _________________ DATE: ________ / ________ / ________ GRADE: ___________________
THE FANTASTIC FLYING BOOKS OF MR. MORRIS LESSMORE (2011)

1. Watch the lm The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore (2011), and choose from options a.,
b. or c.
1. Where does the story start?
a. At a caf in New Orleans
b. At a bookshop in New Orleans
c. At a hotel in New Orleans
8. Whose portrait does he see on the wall?

a. The woman he had seen
b. The man he had seen
c. The girl he had seen
2. Who/What is Mr Morris surrounded by?

a. Books
b. His family
c. Strangers
9. What does Mr Morris do there?

a. He sleeps a lot.
b. He helps other people.
c. He takes care of the books.
3. What happens suddenly?

a. A tsunami
b. A hurricane
c. A blizard
10. Who comes to him on a daily basis?

a. Survivors from the storm
b. His family
c. Little children
4. What is the city like after the storm?

a. Devastated
b. Untouched
c. Slightly changed
11. What does he give them?

a. Chocolate
b. Water
c. Books
5. Who/What does he come across in the

countryside?
a. A woman suspended by ying books.
b. A man chasing ying books.
c. A girl reading a magical book.
12. What does he write while he is there?

a. A book about Julius Verne
b. His memoirs
c. A fairy tale
6. Who is the character in the book given to

him?
a. Puss in Boots
b. Humpty Dumpty
c. Shrek
7. Where is Mr Morris taken?
a. Back home
b. To a library
c. To a homeless shelter
13. What happens when he completes it?

a. He ies away.
b. He starts another one.
c. He reads the book.
14. Who enters the building afterwards?
a. A boy
b. A group of children
c. A girl
89 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
HUGO (2012)
1. Read the following review on the lm Hugo (2011), and ll in the gaps with the words given.
hopeless
hope
technical
orphanage
mystery
clockmaker
1930s
charmed
Hugo Cabret lives in a secret world. Its a dank world of gears and steam and coal and levers and shadowy
passageways that few even know exist. And he lives there alone except for the fact that hes actually
never alone. Thats because this young orphans home is the most unlikely of places: deep in the heart of
Paris bustling train station in the a. __________. It wasnt always that way, of course.
5
10
15
20
25
Once upon a time, Hugo enjoyed the loving care of his attentive father, a b. __________ and museum
curator. But when his dad is killed in an explosive accident, all the love and security the boy has ever known
T\R`b]V[NZRÀNXR[V[N[QaUR[^bVPXYfNON[Q\[RQOfUV`QV``\YbaRB[PYR0YNbQRaURPN_RaNXR_
of all the clocks in the depot), Hugo now tends to winding the stations clocks while peering longingly
through their faces at the bustling world beyond. Alone. It would be a c. __________ existence but for one
important legacy his father left behind an impossibly intricate, robot-like automaton salvaged from
a museum. Wind it up, put an ink pen in its hand, and itll write something. Hugos convinced that the
automaton might, somehow, give him a message from his father. A message of d. __________ that would
help him make sense of his solitary existence. Except that the automaton is broken. So when hes not
winding clocks and cribbing croissants to survive, Hugo steals toys from a shop in the train station and
uses their gears to try to restore the automaton to life. Soon the old shop owner is onto him, though,
catching him red-handed. And thats not the end of Hugos troubles: A station inspector named Gustav
is determined to sic his Doberman pinscher Maximilian on every thieving, parentless urchin he can
`[V\baaUR[ÙV]aURZ\a\N[e. __________/ba5bT\[Q`N[NYYfV[aURÙ\]\d[R_`T\QQNbTUaR_
6`NORYYRNdVQRRfRQd\[QR_YYRQTV_YY\[TV[TS\_N[NQcR[ab_RYVXRaUR\[R`ÙR`_RNQNO\baUR_dU\YR
life. And as Hugo and Isabelle piece together the f. __________of the broken automaton, they stumble into
an adventure that will unlock a closely guarded secret and bring renewed hope and meaning to more
people than just Hugo.
For all its worthy intentions and g. __________ brilliance, Hugo V` N UN_Q YZ a\ Y\cR' [\a \[Yf S\_
PUVYQ_R[ dU\ ZNf [Q aUR YN_TRYf VZZ\OVYR ]Y\a N `Y\T Oba NY`\ a\ cVRdR_` \S N[f NTR dU\Q _NaUR_
be h. __________ than merely wowed.
Robbie Collin, Huho, review www.telegraph.co.uk (adapted and abridged) accessed in February 2013
2.
Choose a lm of your choice and write your own review on it.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
90
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
WAG THE DOG (1997)

1. Look at the following words. What do you associate them with?
Breaking news
2.
b. Robert De Niro
c. Anne Heche
d. Kirsten Dunst
Slogans
Cover up
Show business
r
r
r
r
1. Conrad Brean
2. Tracy Lime
3. Stanley Motss
4. Winifred Ames
Answer the following questions about the lm.

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.
Lobbyists
Match the leading actors names with the corresponding characters in the lm.
a. Dustin Homan
3.
Spin doctor
Where does the lm take place?

Who is Conrad Brean?
Why is he hired?
What does he decide to do?
Why is Stanley Motss hired?
Who is Sgt. William the Old Shoe Schumann?
Read the following sentences and choose the correct ending according to the lm.
4.1. Who is the person they hire to be the Old Shoe?
a. An army prison convict.
b. An Hollywood actor.
c. A former sergeant.
4.2. What is the presidential campaign slogan?
a. Dont change presidents in midterm.
b. Dont change horses in midstream.
c. Dont believe everything youre told.
4.3. Why does Motss wish to call the media?
a. He wants to sell his story.
b. He wants to frame Stanley.
c. He wants recognition for his work.
5.
Explain the title of the lm.
6.
Do you think there is an element of truth in the portrayal of the mass media and spin-doctors
given in this lm? Justify your answer.
91 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
COACH CARTER (2005)

1. Watch the trailer from the lm Coach Carter, and choose the correct option.
1.1 Where does the lm take place?
a. Richmond
b. The Bronx
c. Washington
1.5 What comes rst?

a. Being an athlete
b. Being a student
c. Being a teenager
1.2 Where did they deal with their problems?

a. On the streets
b. At school
c. On the court
1.6 What do some parents think of Carters

methods?
a. That he is taking basketball away from
them.
b. They agree with his methods.
c. They believe he should push them harder.
1.3 Who do they meet one day on the court?

a. A new player
b. The new coach
c. The schools psychologist
1.4 In order to play basketball, what average do
students need?
a. A 3.2 grade average.
b. A 2.3 grade average.
c. A 3-grade average.
1.7 What does he teach his students?

a. They need to focus on themselves more.
b. They are not allowed to dream.
c. They need to stick together at all times.
2. Answer the following questions on the trailer

youve watched.
2.1 When rst introduced to the team, Coach
Carter takes a direct approach with the
players. Do you think he earned their
respect in this meeting? Why? How does
someone earn your respect?
2.2 What role does basketball play in the
lives of the students on the team? What
role should it play? Between athletics
and academics, what should be more
important? Why?
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
92
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PAPERMAN (2013)
1. Look at this image taken from the lm.

1.1 What do you see?
1.2 What might the relation be between the man
and the title of the short lm?
1.3 In about 50 words, write your own plot to this
story.
2. Watch the video and choose from the options

given below to best complete the sentences.
2.1 What is the mans facial expression?
a. Apathetic
b. Happy
c Irritated
2.2 Who/ What distracts him?
a. A woman chasing after the tube.
b. A woman chasing after a child.
c. A woman chasing after a piece of paper.
2.3 When she stands next to him, how would
you describe his facial expression?
a. A faint smile
b. Upset
c. Anxious
2.4 What can you see on the piece of paper
he is holding?
a. CONFIDENTIAL
b. Lipstick mark
c. The girls name
2.5 How does he feel when she leaves?

a. Sad
b. Anxious
c. Angry
2.6 While at work, who does he see on the
building next to his?
a. His mystery lady
b. His boss
c. His wife
2.7 What does he do then?
a. He runs to that building.
b. Theres nothing he can do.
c. He waves frantically through his window.
2.8 What does he send out the window?
a. Paper planes
b. Notes
c. Pigeons
2.9 After all his trials fail, what does he do?
a. He gives up.
b. He runs after her.
c. He continues waiting.
3. Try and predict the end of this love story.
93 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
THE FIRST GRADER (2012)

1.
Characterise a rst grader.
2.
Name four characteristics of a good teacher.
3.
Look up in your monolingual dictionary the

meaning of the word perseverance. Write a
sentence where you use this word together
with the word teacher.
4.
Watch the trailer of the lm and answer the

questions.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Where does the lm take place?

What has the new government announced?
What do the classrooms look like?
What does the old man want?
How old is he?
How do people feel about this?
What does Maruge say we need to learn
from?
Speaking Time
In pairs/In class discuss the following questions.
1.
Should education be free for every person willing to learn regardless of their age? Why?
2.
Do you agree with the teachers decision in giving Maruge an opportunity? Why?
3.
Maruge says, If you cant read or write, youre no better than a goat. Discuss how your life
would be dierent if you werent able to read or write.
4.
Comment on Maruges statement: The power is in the pen.
5.
Freedom came at a huge price for Maruge. Reect upon his sacrices and describe the
examples in our world today where groups of people are taking action to bring about a
better life for themselves, their families or their community.
Uaa]'RQbPNaV\[[NaV\[NYTR\T_N]UVPP\ZZRQVNYRAURL_àL4_NQR_L.PaVcVaVR`]QSNQN]aRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
94
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MONA LISA SMILE (2003)

1. Watch the lm trailer and choose the correct answer from the options given below.
1.4 How does one of her students (Joan
Bradwyn) see herself in the future?
a. As a lawyer
b. As a wife
c. As both a lawyer and a wife
1.1 What is the name of the school?

a. Berkeley
b. Wellesley
c. Barker
1.2 What type of school is it?
a. Liberal
b. Conservative
c. Religious
1.5 What is Katherine trying to change?

a. Her students mentalities
b. Her students values
c. Her students knowledge of art
1.3 What subject does Katherine teach?

a. Contemporary Art
b. Medieval Art
c. History of Art
Speaking Time
In pairs discuss the following questions.
1.
Why is education important? Is it (or should it be) a human

right to be educated?
2.
Imagine you are part of an organisation that is to open

a new school. What do you think should be part of the
curriculum? Should it be strictly academic subjects, or
vocational studies?
3.
In the lm we see the girls being given a lesson in how to

prepare dinner for their husbands boss. What does this imply
about the expected role of women?
4.
A Jackson Pollock painting is used as a springboard for

opening up the students minds. How can art inuence
people? How can a visual image change peoples
perception of the world?
Writing Time
1.
Comment on Katherines statement:

Its your choice ladies; you can conform to what people expect of you or you can be ourselves, I know.
95 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
LIFE OF PI (2012)
1. Read the review on the lm Life of Pi and order the paragraphs accordingly.
Though its more a feast for the eyes than food for thought, the lyricism and visual
magnicence makes Life Of Pi an unmissable experience. And do see it in a good cinema. This
poetic Life of Pi concludes with a fascinating, deliberately prosaic coda that raises questions
about the reality of what weve seen and confronts the teleological issues involved. One thinks
of the reporters remark at the end of The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance: When the legend
becomes fact, print the legend.
At another level, Sam Goldwyns advice to the screenwriter comes to mind: Give me the story
and send the message by Western Union.
Ang Lee has brought to the screen a seemingly unlmable story with breathtaking mastery
of computer animation. His previous achievements such as Brokeback Mountain, Sense
And Sensibility and The Ice Storm have shown him to be one of the most versatile directors
on the planet. This is up there with the best of them. In French India, the young son of
a zoo owner collects world religions the way other kids collect stamps. They were my
superheroes, he says, checking o a list of deities. Such good karma, sad to say, doesnt
necessarily make for good drama. Youre almost grateful for the arrival of the storm that
sinks the boat bearing Pi, his family and their animal entourage to the new world, leaving the
boy alone on a boat with one of his fathers tigers.
Life of Pi must be the most beautiful lm of the year, a technical marvel, and magic realism
at its most magical. Anyone who has read Yann Martels Booker Prize-winning novel will
know that it tells the story of an Indian teenager named Pi (Suraj Sharma) shipwrecked in
a lifeboat with a ravenous Bengal tiger. They encounter many marvels a sky full of ying
sh, an ocean swimming with iridescent jellysh, a carnivorous island. All these wonders
and more are brought to the screen with dreamlike intensity. This is one of two lms this
year the other was, amazingly enough, Madagascar 3 that has used 3D in creative and
revolutionary ways.
It isnt perfect. It does not fulll its promise of making us believe in God; on the contrary, it
reminds us more of human resilience, thanks in part to an extraordinary performance by
the inexperienced leading actor. The twist ending, which calls into question the veracity of
all that has gone before, is of questionable merit. But it certainly shows how storytellers
embellish the truth in order to bring out its deeper meaning.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ (adapted) accessed in February 2013
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
96
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PROMETHEUS (2012)
1. Watch a short trailer from the lm Prometheus. Describe what you see.
2.4 Why do they travel to that far away place?
a. Because of a star map they have
discovered.
b. Because their planet has been destroyed.
c. Because they are lost.
2. Watch the full trailer from the lm and

choose from options a., b. or c. to best
answer the questions.
2.1 What is the rst thing that you see?
a. A spaceship
b. Aliens
c. A desert world
2.5 What are they looking for?

a. Other life forms
b. Remnants of ancient cultures
c. An inhabitable planet
2.2 Who do you think Dr Elisabeth Shaw is?

a. An alien
b. An archaeologist
c. A machine
2.6 What does their equipment detect?

a. Some sort of life form
b. A strange heat
c. Some strange material
2.3 What is Prometheus?

a. A person
b. A place
c. A spaceship
2.7 What does Dr Shaw see?

a. A heart
b. A statue
c. A head
3. Read this short summary on the lm and ll in the gaps with the missing words. Use the words in
the box.
mission
Earth
civilisation
explorers
2093
human
AUV`YZV``RaV[a. ______________ and takes place in the same universe as the Alien movies. A group of
b. ______________, including some archaeologists, are on an undisclosed c. ______________. They arrive
at a planet millions of miles away from d. ______________. The team spot what they believe to be signs of
e. ______________AURfT\a\V[cRàVTNaRN[Q[QZ\_RaUN[Wbà`VT[àURf[QP\[PYb`VcRRcVQR[PR
But some of them have an ulterior motive for being there, including the Weyland Corporation. They
believe that this is where the f. ______________actually came from. Things soon turn from excitement to
survival once inside their discovery.
Prometheus, http://www.imdb.com/, (adapted) accessed in February 2013
97 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FREEDOM WRITERS (2008)

1.
Answer the following questions on the film.

1.1 Who was your favourite character? Why?
1.2 Do you agree with the teachers method to get her students attention and dedication? Why?
1.3 How much have your learnt about the Holocaust while watching the lm? Do some more research
and present your ndings in class.
2.
Watch Ms Gruwell rst day at school. Imagine you are her. Write a diary entry telling how your
day was, what impressed you and what your expectations for the following days are.
3.
Miep Gies is one of the heroes we come across in the lm. She is the daughter of the family that
sheltered Anne Frank.
3.1 Why does she say these kids are her heroes?
3.2 In your opinion, what qualities make a hero?
3.3 Who is your hero in the lm?
3.4 Are the qualities that make a real-life hero dierent from a lm hero? Why?
3.5 What other ideas of a hero does the lm present?
4.
In Freedom Writers, dierent types of bullying are shown.

4.1 Identify them.
4.2 How does Erin bring her students closer inside the classroom?
4.3 Where does she take her students in order to show them that history can also start in the
classroom? Why?
5.
Read the plot summary on the story and correct the wrong information. There are six mistakes in
it.
Its 2013 in Long Beach, California. Idealistic Erin Gruwell is just starting her rst managing job,
as freshman and sophomore English teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School, which, two years
earlier, implemented a voluntary integration program. For many of the existing teachers, the
integration has beneted the school, whose previously stellar academic standing has been
replaced with many students who will be lucky to graduate or even be literate. Despite not
having chosen the school on purpose because of its integration program, Erin is unprepared
for the nature of her classroom, whose students live by generations of strict moral codes of
protecting their own at all cost. Many are in gangs and almost all know somebody that has
been killed by gang violence. The Latinos hate the Cambodians who hate the blacks and so
on. The only person the students hate more is Ms Gruwell. It isnt until Erin gives them a written
test about a recent drive-by shooting death that she fully begins to understand what shes up
against. And it isnt until she gives up teaching them that the students begin to open up to her.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
98
VOCABULARY
& PRONUNCIATION
Vocabulary
Pronunciation
Speaking Activities
pp. 101-106
pp. 107-112
pp. 113-120
VOCABULARY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
VARIETIES OF ENGLISH
1.
Write these words under the correct heading.

Lorry
Fries
Zipcode
Caravan
Cookie
Mailbox
Chips
Holiday
Timetable
Drivers license
Schedule
AmE
Maize
The movies
Subway
Corn
Postbox
Garbage can
Vacation
Elevator
Pavement
Tube
The cinema
Rubber
Barrister
Fall
Highway
Autumn
Tire
Driving licence
Dustbin
Sidewalk
Apartement
Petrol
Pub
Motorway
Flat
Attorney
Postcode
Eraser
Truck
Tyre
Trailer
Biscuit
Gas
Lift
Nappy
Bar
Diaper
Freeway
Main Road
BrE
101 10.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
VOCABULARY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SPACE
1. Below you have scrambled sentence parts. Rearrange them in order to form a coherent text.
h.
i.
j.
k.
This image taken by the Mars Hand Lens Imager on
NASAs Mars rover Curiosity shows a patch of rock
cleaned by the rst use of the rovers Dust Removal
Tool, a motorised, wire-bristle brush on the turret at the
end of the rovers arm.
to drive to the base of

Mount Sharp, a six-month
a.
a better handle on the regions
mineral and chemical
b.
for microbes. By boring into a rock and

transferring the powder
c.
d.
said. The highly anticipated drilling has been

billed as the most
e.
lab and other instruments,

scientists should get
f.
crater last summer. Curiosity is on a quest to

determine whether environmental
g.
complex engineering task since the

acrobatic landing inside a Martian
l.
m.
of the surroundings, the car-size rover will test

its drill for the rst
schedule, Curiosity was due to arrive
journey with no stops.
conditions could have been favourable
Running slightly behind
makeup. Curiosity has lingered longer
n.
Curiositys ultimate goal is
o.
time probably in the next two weeks,
p.
q.
to the rovers onboard chemistry

from the pebbles found at the landing site.
r.
been captivated by the sedimentary rocks

that dier
s.
at the site in the next few days.

After an inspection
t.
than expected at its current location because

scientists have
u.
project manager Richard Cook of the NASA Jet

Propulsion Laboratory
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/9804740/Mars-rover-Curiosity-to-start-drilling.html (adapted and abridged) accessed in February 2013
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
102
VOCABULARY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
AUGMENTED REALITY
1. Use the words in the box to complete the following text.
iPhone
photorealism
graphics
video games
real-world
smartphones
cell phones
virtual reality
sounds
users
view
devices
computer-generated
augmented reality
pair of glasses
How Augmented Reality Works
a. ______________have been entertaining us for nearly

30 years, ever since Pong was introduced to arcades
in the early 1970s. Computer b. ______________ have
become much more sophisticated since then, and
game graphics are pushing the barriers of
c. ______________. Now, researchers and engineers
are pulling graphics out of your television screen or
computer display and integrating them into
d. ______________environments. This new technology,
called e. ______________, blurs the line between whats
real and whats f. ______________ by enhancing what we see, hear, feel and smell. On the spectrum
between g. ______________, which creates immersive, computer-generated environments, and the real
world, augmented reality is closer to the real world. Augmented reality adds graphics,
h. ______________, haptic feedback and smell to the natural world as it exists. Both video games and
i. ______________are driving the development of augmented reality. Everyone from tourists, to soldiers,
a\`\ZR\[RY\\XV[TS\_aURPY\`Rà`bOdNfà\]PN[[\dOR[RaS_\ZaURNOVYVafa\]YNPRP\Z]baR_
TR[R_NaRQT_N]UVP`V[aURV_RYQ\ScV`V\[
Augmented reality is changing the way we view the world - or at least the way its j. ______________ see the
world. Picture yourself walking or driving down the street. With augmented-reality displays, which will
eventually look much like a normal k. ______________V[S\_ZNaVcRT_N]UVP`dVYYN]]RN_V[f\b_RYQ\S
l. ______________, and audio will coincide with whatever you see. These enhancements will be refreshed
P\[aV[bNYYfa\_RRPaaURZ\cRZR[a`\Sf\b_URNQ@VZVYN_m. ______________and applications already
exist, particularly on n. ______________like the o. ______________.
8RcV[/\[`\_5\d.bTZR[aRQ?RNYVafD\_X`dddU\dàbd\_X`P\ZNQN]aRQN[QNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
PHOTOCOPIABLE
VOCABULARY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
IDIOMS
1. Find the idioms that go with the descriptions below.
Descriptions
Idioms
r
b. No way
r
c. A Leopard cant change his spots
r
d. Go eyeball to eyeball
r
e. A penny saved is a penny earned
r
f. Against the clock
r
g. Go the extra mile
r
h. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush r
i. Open the oodgates
r
j. On a razor edge
r
k. Under the table
r
l. Dont count your chickens before they hatch r
m. Hit the hay
r
n. Zero tolerance
r
a. Crack someone up
1. Strongly reject an oer, a request, or a suggestion.

2. It wont be accepted even once.
3. To have something that is certain is much better
than taking a risk for more, because chances are
you might lose everything.
4. You cannot change who you are.

5. To be in a risky situation where the outcome is very
uncertain.
6. (Something) done secretly, usually because its

illegal or unethical.
7. To confront or face down an enemy or rival directly.

8. To go to bed.
9. By not spending money, you are saving money.
10. As fast as possible in a limited time.
11. To make someone laugh.
12. Dont rely on it until youre sure of it.
13. To go above and beyond whatever is required for the
task at hand.
14. To start something that may be dicult to stop.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
104
VOCABULARY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
COLLOCATIONS
1. Match these words and phrases with the verbs below.
on holiday
online
a haircut
the homework
to sleep
wrong
a picnic
fun
a problem
lunch
a dierence
someone
an error
an idea
on foot
a discovery
abroad
a favour
research
the dishes
well
a mistake
an attempt
HAVE
DO
GO
MAKE
the shopping
PHOTOCOPIABLE
VOCABULARY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PHRASAL VERBS
1. Use one of the verbs from the box and the preposition up to complete the following sentences.
give
keep
hurry
speak
make
hang
stay
a. __________________! Dont be afraid!

b. You must never __________________; you must ght for your rights.
c. Did they __________________ all night?
d. __________________ that mess in your room!
e. __________________ or youll miss the bus!
f. You shouldnt be angry at each other. __________________ and be friends.
g. __________________ the good work!
h. If he phones again, you should __________________ immediately.
2. Choose one the verbs from box A and a preposition from box B and ll in the gaps of the
following sentences. Write the verbs in the correct tenses.
A.
B.
Ask Eat Dress
End Give Go Hang
Look Run (2x)
Out (2x) Up (2x)

In Back On After
Away Into
a. Dont __________________ for the party - itll be really informal.

b. I dont feel like cooking, lets __________________.
c. He __________________ just __________________ me __________________; Im so happy.
d. They __________________going to the movies instead of staying at home.
e. She didnt want to go to the concert with me, but nally she__________________.
f. Should we ______________ and try to nd them?
g. Can you ______________ a minute, please? Im just nishing this essay.
h. I must __________________ my sister; my parents are working till late.
i. The thieves __________________ when they saw the police arriving.
j. We __________________ the teacher at the library.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
clear
PRONUNCIATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PRONOUNCING -ED
Words ending in ed may be pronounced in three dierent ways:
a. [t] worked
b. [d] played
c. [id]* - wanted
*[i] is pronounced as in bit
1. Write these words under the right column.
Finished
Jumped
Covered
Closed
Helped
Decided
Examined
Noticed
Discovered
Painted
Landed
Needed
Stopped
Started
[t]
Realised
Pulled
[d]
Warned
Reached
Looked
[id]
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PRONUNCIATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PRONOUNCING -(E)S ENDINGS

m-(e)s have three dierent pronunciations:
a. [s] at the end of a word preceded by a voiceless sound, it is pronounced [s] - shops
b. [z] at the end of a word preceded by a voiced sound it is pronounced [z] - dogs
c. [Iz] - after the [s/][z/] and the combinations, [sh], [ch], [ss], [ge], and [dge], the pronunciation of the
last syllable is [iz]. - watches
1.
What is the sound at the end of these words?

a. cats ________________________
b. pictures ________________________
c. sausages ________________________
d. kisses ________________________
e. laughs ________________________
f. plays ________________________
g. papers ________________________
h. maths ________________________
i. buses ________________________
j. breathes ________________________
2. Practise saying these sentences, trying to pronounce the underlined words correctly.
a. He grabs the pages and goes to school.
b. She laughs out loud every time she sees that lm.
c. My brother misses the bus every morning.
d. The dresses in the pictures are fabulous.
e. The houses have beautifully painted walls and bookcases.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
108
PRONUNCIATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
HOMOPHONES
1. Choose the word from the pairs that goes with each explanation.
1.1 meet / meat
a. beef, pork ___________
b. talk to someone for the rst time ___________
1.2 clothes / close
a. items worn to cover the body ___________
b. near ___________
1.3 some / sum
a. an unspecied amount or number of ___________
b. a particular amount of money ___________
1.4 ower / our
a. white powder used for cooking ___________
b. the seed-bearing part of a plant ___________
1.5 muscle / mussel
a. a band or bundle of brous tissue in a human or animal body ___________
b. bivalve mollusc ___________
1.6 beech / beach
a. a pebbly or sandy shore ___________
b. a large tree (genera Fagus and Notofagus) ___________
1.7 rows / rose
a. lines ___________
b. usually red, pink or white ower with thorny stem ___________
1.8 straight / strait
a. a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water ___________
b. a part of something that is not curved or bent ___________
1.9 ant / aunt
a. six-legged insect that digs tunnels ___________
b. your sister fathers or mothers ___________
1.10 review / revue
a. a light theatrical entertainment ___________
b. a formal assessment or examination of something ___________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PRONUNCIATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MINIMAL PAIRS [s] AND []

1. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
a. Think: /Ik/
b. Sink: /sIk/
1.1 What is the dierence in pronunciation?

1.2 What is the dierence in meaning?
[th] as in think
2. To help you understand the dierence in pronunciation read the following explanation.
[] is pronounced with your tongue between your teeth or even sticking out of your mouth, and
you can make sure you pronounce it clearly by putting your nger vertically in front of your lips
and checking that it gets wet when you make this sound.
[s] is pronounced with the tongue well inside your mouth and the mouth much more widely
stretched.
www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/minimal-pairs-s-th.htm, accessed in February 2013
3. Write the correct phonetic symbol [s] or [] for each of the following words.
a. face ______________
b. mouse ______________
c. theme ______________
d. sigh ______________
e. thumb ______________
4. Look at the following pairs of words. Which one is pronounced [s] and which one is []?
a. truce - truth
b. thick - sick
c. sing - thing
d. thin - sin
4.1. Look for the meaning of each word in your monolingual dictionary.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
110
PRONUNCIATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MINIMAL PAIRS [i:] AND [I]

1. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
a. Sheep: /i:p/
b. Ship: /Ip/
1.1 What is the dierence in pronunciation?
1.2 What is the dierence in meaning?
2. Read the following explanation.

The sound [i:] is said with the mouth much more spread, something like a broad smile.
http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/minimal-pairs-i-ee.htm, accessed in February 2013
3. Listen to your teacher pronounce the following words. Tick () the one you hear in each pair.
COLUMN A
sit
hit
t
wick
ll
still
chip
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
COLUMN B
seat
heat
feet
week
feel
steal
cheap
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
4. Listen to your teacher reading the following sentences. Circle the word you hear.
a. They hit/heat it.
b. They bought more bins/beans.
c. Can you see the ship/sheep?
d. I always sick/seek medical advice when I feel/ll sick/seek.
5. Create your own sentences and repeat the above activity with your classmate.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PRONUNCIATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
WORD STRESS
1. Put these words in the correct table according to the word stress.
Lawyer
Cartoon
Argue
Scissors
Routine
Female
Advice
Without
Police
Egypt
Alone
Crowded
rr
Stress on the rst syllable
rr
Stress on the second syllable
2. Mark the stressed syllable (r) in the following words.

a. communicate
b. disrupt
c. autumn
d. empty
e. apostrophe
f. Argentina
3. In pairs choose words with dierent stressed syllables and write them in cards. Then have the
class pronounce them correctly.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
112
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PROS & CONS

1.
Read the following opinions about Facebook.
A.
U
5
10
15
20
http://socialtimes.com
For years, I have had the dangers of cyberspace drilled into me from parents, from teachers, from
various adults. I have been to multiple seminars and workshops through school, been forced to
YY\baNcN_VRaf\S`b_cRf`N[Q^bRàV\[[NV_R`N[QYVàR[RQa\N[R[QYR``NZ\b[a\SPN`RàbQVR`
NYYP\[PR_[V[TaURa\]VPDUVYR6]R_`\[NYYfUNcR[RcR_ORR[NRPaRQOfPfOR_ObYYfV[T\_\[YV[R
stalkers, I am fully aware of just how detrimental the time spent in cyberspace can be. Maybe its
paranoia from the constant warnings, but whenever I am talking to someone online its always in
the back of my mind that they arent who they say they are. And, no, I dont necessarily mean that
every time Im talking to my best mate Im wondering if it is a seventy year old paedophile; its not
that extreme. Sometimes, however, if I get a weird wall post or someone sends me a strange inbox,
I wonder if it is actually one of my friends, or one of their mates who has hacked their account and
is having a bit of a joke. And this isnt unrealistic. We all know that when a group of giggly girls get
together or even a gang of burly boys a simple prank call, or prank online message, can be extremely
amusing; but doesnt it make you think how easy it is to switch identities when online? Nobody even
has to hear your voice, let alone see your face, and you can write whatever you like, whenever you
like, with no more contact other than that given from your computer monitor. Its not only the fact
that we can never be sure who we are talking to, but other aspects come into it too. Parents actually
do have a point when they moan about their children spending too much time on Facebook instead
of doing their homework or getting outside. At our age its hard to grasp the concept that this is time
we will never get back and it will be gone in the blink of an eye, or so I get told. A balance between
work and play is what a healthy lifestyle consists of, and when this balance is upset by countless
hours spent on Facebook, the situation rarely ends well.
Amy Summers, A Teen Speaks: The Pros and Cons of Facebook, http://socialtimes.com (adapted and abridged), accessed in February 2013
PHOTOCOPIABLE
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
B.
U
http://socialtimes.com
@\[\da\aUR_RNY^bRàV\['V`3NPRO\\XNcNYbNOYRP\ZZb[VPNaV\[]YNaS\_ZOR[RPVNYa\NYYVa`
users? For me, an average, sociable seventeen year old, the answer is yes.
10
15
Certainly, there are many advantages to Facebook. The easiness of communication is the obvious
one. Who could have possibly imagined that someone would create a space where we could
communicate, share photos and keep up-to-date with our friends from all over the globe as long
N`dRUNQNPPR`à\N[6[aR_[RaP\[[RPaV\[,AURVQRNNaaURaVZRQR[VaRYfd\bYQUNcR`RRZRQ
farfetched, just as all the great inventions and discoveries of history, I suppose. Now look at us. The
majority of people I know would struggle desperately to live without it. However, in my opinion,
aUROR[Ra`\S3NPRO\\XN[Q\aUR_`\PVNY[Rad\_XV[T`VaR`_RNPUZbPUSb_aUR_aUN[aURRcVQR[a
convenience of communication and general socialising. In a world that can unintentionally overlook
the opinions of societys youth, it has become a platform upon which teenagers can express their
feelings and voice their opinions, knowing that they will actually be heard, if not by adults, certainly
by their peers. Whether they want to share their feelings with the world, or merely their closest
S_VR[Q`3NPRO\\XZNXR`RVaUR_]\``VOYR3\_`\ZRVaVàURV__à\]]\_ab[Vafa\a_bYfSRRYNàU\bTU
aURfORY\[Ta\NT_\b]AURV__àPUN[PRa\SRRYNàU\bTU`\ZR\[RV`NPabNYYfYVàR[V[TaUNa\aUR_`
care about them, their opinions and feelings.
Amy Summers, A Teen Speaks: The Pros and Cons of Facebook, http://socialtimes.com (adapted and abridged), accessed in February 2013
2. Join in groups of 4 and decide what side you are going to defend: Pro or Con.
3. Take notes from texts A, or B, depending on the side youre going to defend, and add some more
arguments to defend your opinion.
4. Have a debate on this subject.

4.1 Go to page 113 on your coursebook and use the expressions on the language bank to help you in
your debate.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
114
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FINDING SOLUTIONS
1. Read the following transcript of the scene from the lm The Great Dictator, by Charlie
Chaplin.
Im sorry but I dont want to be an emperor. Thats not my business. I

dont want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone
if possible; Jew, Gentile, black men, white. We all want to help one
another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each others
happiness, not by each others misery. We dont want to hate and
despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone. And
the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life
can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way.
Greed has poisoned mens souls; has barricaded the world with hate; has goose-stepped us into
misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed, but we have shut ourselves in. Machinery that gives
abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical; our cleverness, hard and unkind.
We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery we need humanity. More than cleverness,
we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost. The
aeroplane and the radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out
for the goodness in man; cries out for universal brotherhood; for the unity of us all.
Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world, millions of despairing men, women, and
little children, victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people. To those who
can hear me, I say Do not despair. The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed, the
bitterne make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure. Then in the name of
democracy, let us use that power.
Soldiers! Dont give yourselves to brutes, men who despise you and enslave you; who regiment your
lives, tell you what to do, what to think and what to feel! Who drill you, diet you, treat you like cattle,
use you as cannon fodder! Dont give yourselves to these unnatural men machine men with machine
minds and machine hearts! You are not machines! You are not cattle! You are men! You have a love of
humanity in your hearts! You dont hate! Only the unloved hate; the unloved and the unnatural.
@\YQVR_`1\[aTUaS\_`YNcR_f3VTUaS\_YVOR_af6[aUR`RcR[aRR[aUPUN]aR_\S@a9bXRVa`d_VaaR[aUR
kingdom of God is within man, not one man nor a group of men, but in all men! In you! You, the people,
have the power, the power to create machines, the power to create happiness! You, the people, have the
power to make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure. Then in the name of
democracy, let us use that power.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
9Rab`NYYb[VaR9Rab`TUaS\_N[Rdd\_YQNQRPR[ad\_YQaUNadVYYTVcRZR[NPUN[PRa\d\_XaUNadVYY
give youth a future and old age a security. By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. But
aURfYVRAURfQ\[\aSbYYYaURV_]_\ZV`RAURf[RcR_dVYY1VPaNa\_`S_RRaURZ`RYcRÒbaaURfR[`YNcR
aUR]R\]YR;\dYRab`TUaa\SbYYYaUNa]_\ZV`R9Rab`TUaa\S_RRaURd\_YQA\Q\NdNfdVaU[NaV\[NY
ON__VR_À\Q\NdNfdVaUT_RRQdVaUUNaRN[QV[a\YR_N[PR9Rab`TUaS\_Nd\_YQ\S_RN`\[Nd\_YQ
where science and progress will lead to all mens happiness.
Soldiers, in the name of democracy, let us all unite!
4_RNa@]RRPUR`'0UN_YVR0UN]YV[Uaa]'dddÙNd[]URY]`P\ZNQN]aRQN[QNO_VQTRQNPPR``RQV[3RO_bN_f
2. Join in groups of 4.
2.1 In your group identify the major issues mentioned in the text.
2.2 Think of ways that could help solve the problems you identied (you can take notes).
3. After this preparatory work a discussion will follow.

a. All students A, B, C and D will get together in their own groups.
b. Every student will present the problems they identied in their previous groups.
c. If there are dierent ideas, they must be discussed by the whole group.
d. Each student will then present the solutions they have developed in their previous groups.
e. If dierent solutions are presented they must be discussed and they must be added or rejected
after reaching a consensus within the group.
f. Each group will then present their ideas in class.
g. The students will vote for the group that presents the best solutions, both viable and realistic.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
116
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
DESCRIBING & GUESSING

1. Together with your classmate try to discover who these famous people are/were.
1.1 Use the language bank on page 69 of your Practice Book to help you express and explain your point
of view.
1.2 Discuss your opinions with the rest of the class.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
2. In groups, try to guess these mystery photos. Justify your opinions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
118
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
TELLING A STORY
1.
In pairs choose one of the following images and create a story based on it. (You are only allowed
to write some details in note form.)
* Dont forget some essential elements of a story:
a. Setting (the time and place of the events)
b. Characters (people or animals; main or minor characters; protagonist or antagonist)
c. Plot (what happens and how it happens)
d. Theme (central topic)
1.1 Share your story with your classmates.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
DEFENDING AN OPINION
1.
Choose one of the following topics and speak about it for one minute.
Avoid hesitation or repetitions.
Use the language bank on page 69 of your
Practice Book to help you express and explain
your point of view.
What is more important: the heart or the head?
Are the media to blame for violence?
Should poetry be taught in English classes?
In what ways does bullying aect peoples lives?
Will e-books ever replace printed books?
Should art be used for political action?
Is nanotechnology the future of science?
Are modern video games too violent?
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
120
ANSWER KEY
GEOLOGY
ROCKS
1.
1. Igneous rock
2. Sedimentary rock
3. Metamorphic rock
1.1 a. 3; b. 2; c. 1
2. a. Andesite; b. Gneiss; c. Anthracite Coal;
d. Conglomerate; e. Granite; f. Marble
2.1 a. Igneous; b. Metamorphic;
c. Sedimentary; d. Sedimentary; e. Igneous;
f. Metamorphic
SOLAR SYSTEM
1. a. Mercury; b. Venus; c. Earth; d. Mars;
e. Jupiter; f. Saturn; g. Uranus; h. Neptune
2. A dwarf planet in our solar system is an
object that is in orbit around the Sun, has
enough mass to have become round in
shape due to gravity, but doesnt meet the
third requirement to be considered a planet,
that is, it hasnt cleared its orbital path
around the Sun. Examples of dwarf planets
are: Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Haumea or Makemake.
3. a. Sun; b. satellites; c. asteroid belt;
d. meteoroids; e. elliptical; f. Milky Way;
g. mass; h. gravitational pull; i. 4.5 billion;
j. cloud of gas; k. huge object; l. gas stream
VOLCANOLOGY I
1. Volcanology is a branch of geology that
deals with the study of volcanoes (volcanism).
2.
1. Magma chamber; 2. Bedrock; 3. Conduit
(pipe); 4. Base; 5. Sill; 6. Branch pipe;
7. Layers of ash; 8. Flank; 9. Layers of lava;
10. Throat; 11. Parasitic cone; 12. Lava ow;
13. Vent; 14. Crater; 15. Ash cloud
VOLCANOLOGY II
2.
2.1 He didnt show up in class because
Mount Etna had erupted and he had to go on
eld campaigns to study it. 2.2 She decided
to ask the professor, Dr. John Guest, if he
would consider taking her on as a gradute
student. 2.3 Yes, she did. I was hooked. (ll.
10-11). 2.4 Rosalys best experience so far
was when she visited the Erta Ale lava lake
in February 2011, because the lake appeared
to be alive with exploding re fountains;
2.5 Personal answer.
GEOGRAPHY
EUROPEAN UNION TIMELINE
1. a. 12; b. 22; c. 9; d. 23; e. 1; f. 10; g. 7; h. 15;
i. 14; j. 2; k. 18; l. 10; m. 16; n. 6; o. 20; p. 4;
q. 19; r. 11; s. 13; t. 5; u. 21; v. 17; x. 3
WORLD POPULATION
1. a. grew; b. having passed; c. accounted;
d. exceeds; e. is; f. will exceed; g. will be;
h. will see; i. have; j. will be; k. can; l. use;
m. is; n. is; o. should; p. has dimmed
FOSSIL FUELS QUIZ
1.
1.1 b; 1.2 a; 1.3 b; 1.4 c; 1.5 a; 1.6 c; 1.7 b
THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

BIOLOGY
BIOSPHERE I
1. Biopshere is all life on Earth.
2.
1 c o m m u n
2 o
3 p o p u
a t
4 o r g a n
5 t
7
o
r g a
g
a
n s
i
s
m
s s u
6 c e
9
i t i e s
c
o
s
10
n
s y s t e m s
8
s
o
o
t
l
r
e
e
g
m
c
a
s
u
l
n
e s
e
l
s
l l s
e
s
2.1 Ecosystems Communities

Populations Organisms Organ Systems
Organ Tissues Cells Organelles
Molecules
3.
a. exploiting; b. alarming; c. loss; d. likely;
e. growth; f. faster
BIOSPHERE II
1. e; 2. f; 3. c; 4. b; 5. a; 6. d
CELLS I
1. a. Cell Membrane; b. Cytoplasm; c. Nucleus;
d. Chloroplast; e. Vacuole; f. Cell Wall
in life, but they lose that regenerative

ability in adults;
b. to form new heart cells in adults
after infarction / that new heart cells
can form in adults after infarction;
c. have stem cells/ can grow new heart
cells.
3.
3.2 This study settled the controversy
of whether stem cells can in fact help in
recovering the adult mammalian heart
following infarction. The conclusion is that
undierentiated precursor cells grow new
heart cells in a two-day-old mouse, but not
in adult mice.
CHEMISTRY
MATERIALS
1. a. 3; b. 1; c. 2
2.
2.1 No, it isnt. Salt water is a mixture of two
substances sodium chloride and water.
2.2 No, it isnt. Gasoline is a mixture of
hydrocarbons.
2.3 Solid solution: brass; liquid solution:
hydrochloric acid (HCl in water); gaseous
solution: air.
2.4 No, we cant, because a mixture is what
we get when we combine two substances
and no chemical reaction occurs between
its components, so we can separate them
again. When we mix our and eggs there
is a chemical reaction between those
ingredients and we cant undo it. However, if
we mix dry ingredients, such as our, sugar,
salt, for example, it is a mixture.
GENERAL QUIZ
1. a. F A pH above 7 indicates alkalinity.
b. T; c. F Lemon juice is acidic in nature.
d. F Heat is liberated in exothermic
reactions.
e. T; f. T; g. F Acid + Base = Salt + Water.
h. T; i. The zz in soft drinks is caused by
carbon dioxide.
j. T; k. F A mixture of water and oil is
homogeneous in nature.
l. F Oxygen is an element. m. T; n. T
2. a. 6; b. 2; c. 1; d. 4; e. 5; f. 3
CELLS II
2.
a. found that stem cells can replace dead
heart tissue after a heart attack very early
BLACK HOLES
1.
a. black hole; b. astronomers; c. galaxy;
d. blast; e. Perseus; f. 0.1 percent; g. centers;
h. stars; i. researchers; j. fraction
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ANSWER KEY
PHYSICS
ENERGY CONSERVATION I
1.
G
1.1
caulk a semi solid, clay like material that
can be squeezed into cracks to stop air
leaks
conductor a material that allows
electricity or heat to pass through it
duct pipe, tube or channel that conveys
a substance (such as air throughout a
building)
heat form of energy arising from the
random motion of molecules and capable
of transmission by conduction, convection,
or radiation
insulation the material, stung or padding
used so that heat, sound or electricity
cannot pass through it
radiant barrier a shiny barrier, attached
under an attic roof for example, that reects
light rays, thereby preventing the attic air
space from being unnecessarily heated
radiation passage of energy through
open space, like sunlight
R-value numerical scale for insulation
value, with lower numbers being poorer
insulators than higher numbers; typical
ranges are R-9 through R-30s
U-value amount of heat transferred
through a material; the lower the U-value,
the slower the rate of heat ow and the
better the insulating quality
Electromagnet a strong magnet that can
be turned on and o; a solenoid with a
ferromagnetic core
Generator produces an electric current
when a coil of wire wrapped around an iron
core is rotated near a magnet
ENERGY CONSERVATION II
1.
1.1 1. e; 2. f; 3. g; 4. b; 5. d; 6. a; 7. c
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
122
1.2 Walk or ride a bike to go somewhere.

Use natural lighting.
Consider using LED (Light Emitting Diode)
lighting.
Use natural gas for heating.
ECONOMICS
WHY STUDY ECONOMICS
2.
a. F I dont think its a requirement that you
love every aspect of the discipline. (l. 6)
Insulate around windows and doors.

Use solar panels.
Dont use heating or air conditioning
unnecessarily.
Wear appropriate clothing.
b. T You are not guaranteed a good-paying

job with an economics degree (). (ll. 12-13)
c. T It will help you make more informed
decisions as () a consumer () (ll. 51-52)
MEASUREMENTS
1. a. Ammeter or ampermeter;
b. Calorimeter; c. Voltmeter; d. Thermometer;
e. Chronometer; f. Wattmeter
1.1 They are all measuring instruments.
1.2 An ammeter measures the electric
current in a circuit.
A voltmeter measures electric potential in
volts.
A thermometer measures temperature.
A chronometer measures time.
A wattmeter measures the electric power in
watts of a given circuit.
1.3 Model answer:
Dilatometer measures volume changes
caused by a physical or chemical process.
Aerometer measures the density and
weight of a gas or liquid.
Barometer measures atmospheric pressure.
SOLAR RADIATION
1.
a. drives; b. comes; c. reaches; d. is partially
absorbed; e. is converted; f. causes;
g. makes; h. is; i. gives; j. is; k. is composed;
l. converts; m. is converted; n. raises; o. are;
p. travels; q. warms up; r. rises; s. experience;
t. is known
MATHEMATICS
MATHEMATICIANS
1. Hypatia; 2. Pedro Nunes; 3. Euclid of
Alexandria; 4. Archimedes of Syracuse;
5. Isaac Newton; 6. Ren Descartes;
7. Leonhard Euler; 8. Susan Jane Cunningham;
9. David Hilbert; 10. George Plya; 11.
Augustus De Morgan; 12. Gertrud Blanch
3. a. Mike Moatt; b. economics; c. philosophy;

d. bureaucrats, politicians, and journalists
4. a. put in (l. 3); b. route (l. 3); c. better t
(l. 29)
5.
5.1 It means that usually you will only
receive what you worked for. So, if you put a
lot of eort into something you do, you will
have better chances of succeeding.
5.2 It can help me understand interest
rates, exchange rates, economic indicators
and equity markets and thus I will be able to
make better decisions about investing and
obtaining mortgages. I will also learn about
the impact my decisions will have on the
economy of my country/region and I will
understand how the world really works, and
how government decisions may aect the
economy and employment, for example.
I will be a better informed consumer and
voter.
6.
a. Mike Moatt advised his readers not to
study economics because they thought it
was the route to a high paying job.
b. He said (that) as an undergraduate there
had been enough topics he had liked that it
had helped him get through the ones he had
found dicult or had not really cared for.
c. He said (that) we were not guaranteed a
good-paying job with an economics degree,
but our chances were higher than in other
programs.
d. He said (that) we would learn more about
the impact of international trade, both good
and bad.
HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS
1.
1.1 c; 1.2 a; 1.3 c; 1.4 b; 1.5 b; 1.6 a; 1.7 c; 1.8 b;
1.9 a; 1.10 c; 1.11 b; 1.12 a; 1.13 c; 1.14 b
7.
7.1 Comparative (of superiority); 7.2 your
chances are as high as in other programs
GEOMETRY
a. 1; b. 12; c. 6; d. 2; e. 11; f. 3; g. 4; h. 5; i. 8;
j. 10; k. 7; l. 9
8.
a. better than; b. more interested; c. The
worst; d. the easiest
ANSWER KEY
9.
9.1 a. with; b. for; c. on; d. on; e. for
10.
a. In spite of being an excellent student,
Mike didnt get a well-paid job.
b. If only I had put in as much I could in my
studies! (I wouldnt have failed the exams.)
GOTHIC ART
1.
1. Apse; 2. North portal; 3. Transept; 4. Nave;
5. South portal; 6. Ambulatory; 7. Choir
and sanctuary; 8. Spire; 9. Rose window;
10. Lancets; 11. Tympanum; 12. Pointed
arch; 13. Flying buttress; 14. Rose window;
15. Ribbed vaulting
ECONOMICS
RECESSION
1. Personal answer.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
OLYMPIC GAMES
1.1 a. 4; b. 5; c. 6; d. 2; e. 3; f. 1
PHILOSOPHY
FACTS & OPINIONS
1.
a. fact; b. evidence; c. belief; d. subjective;
e. opinion; f. objective; g. biases; h. individual;
i. experimentation; j. result; k. incorrect; l.
mislead; m. persuade; n. point of view; o.
concrete; p. true; q. source
GYMNASTICS
1.
a. A Backward Somersault is a backward
rolling movement on the oor, where the
knees are tucked in as far as possible.
b. A Cartwheel is a basic sideways move
where the hands reach the oor one at a
time towards the side, and the legs also
follow in a similar manner.
c. A Somi-and-a-half is a one and a half
somersault.
d. A Straddle is a situation where the legs
of the gymnast are very far apart from each
other.
e. In a Pike a gymnast is bent only at the
hips.
f. A Swedish Fall is a move where the
gymnast does a free fall drop straight to
the ground. The hands shoot out at the last
second. This is usually performed on the bars.
GENERAL VOCABULARY
1.
a. 13; b. 2; c. 4; d. 12; e. 11; f. 16; g. 7; h. 9; i. 5;
j. 10; k. 1; l. 17; m. 6; n. 3; o. 18; p. 14; q. 15; r. 8;
DEMOCRACY
2.
2.1 Model answer: Democracy is a
responsibility not only for politicians but also
for citizens in general (voters), because all
citizens have an equal say in the decisions
that aect their lives. Therefore, citizens
must give their opinions and be informed
about everything that happens, and in order
to be heard, they must speak and have an
active voice in the governments decisionmaking. Politicians must respect citizens
and citizens must ght for their rights.
2.3 Model answer: In a democracy, people
are free to say and do as they wish, but only
to a certain extent. Everybodys freedom
ends when that freedom contradicts or
interferes in any way with another persons
freedom. Doing what one wants without
respecting the others will be chaos and not
real freedom. After all, ones freedom ends
where the others nose begins.
HISTORY
ANCIENT ROME
1.
a. Latin; b. Plebeian; c. Augustus; d. Polytheism;
e. Patrician; f. Virgil; g. Forum; h. Insulae;
i. Domus; j. Tiber; k. Villas; l. Tepidarium;
m. Cleopatra; n. Aqueduct; o. Senate
2.
1. Back Walkover; 2. Handstand; 3. Yurchenko;
4. Cartwheel
SELF-DETERMINATION
2.
2.1 The poem is about will and determination;
2.2 Model answer: Yes, I do, because there
is hardly anything impossible. If we think
positively, have realistic goals and work with
determination for what we want, we will nd
a way to get it. 2.3 It means that if you dont
work hard for what you want, things wont
come to you easily. You will only receive
what you put in the things youve done. 2.4
Its a parallel rhyme scheme: AABBCCDDEE;
2.5 Personal answer. (The original title of the
poem is Anything is Possible). 2.6 Personal
answer.
ARTS
VOCABULARY
1.
a. 2; b. 5; c. 14; d. 13; e. 3; f. 1; g. 4; h. 15; i. 9; j.
8; k. 6; l. 16; m. 12; n. 7; o. 10; p. 11
VISUAL PERCEPTION
1.
a. visual; b. perception; c. sensory d. stages;
e. Reception; f. Transduction; g. impulses;
h. Transmission; i. optic; j. Selection; k. image;
l. movement; m. Organisation; n. principles;
o. Interpretation; p. space; q. photoreceptors;
r. peripheral; s. colour
GEOMETRIC SHAPES
1.
a. circle; b. oval; c. ellipse; d. crescent;
e. curvilinear triangle; f. quatrefoil;
g. paralelogram; h. square; i. rectangle;
j. trapezoid; k. trapezium; l. triangle;
m. kite; n. rhombus; o. pentagon; p.
hexagon; q. heptagon; r. octagon s. nonagon;
t. decagon
COLOUR BLINDNESS
2.1 2.2 Personal answer.
ICT
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
1.
1, 5, 6 and 8 are correct
2. Disk drive; 3. Floppy disk; 4. Laser printer;
7. Keyboard; 9. Modem; 10. Speaker
2.
1. LCD Display; 2. Wireless; 3. Pointing device;
4. USB Ports; 5. DVD/CD reader; 6. Keyboard;
7. Plastic case
SEARCHING THE WEB
1. a. 8; b. 6; c. 2; d. 3; e. 7; f. 4; g. 1; h. 5; i. 9
2.
2.1 a. colour blindness AND Portugal /
colour blindness + Portugal
b. energy NOT solar / energy -solar
c. football (NOT American football, not
Rugby) OR soccer
FREE INFORMATION
2. Model answers:
a. ... information should be free.
b. ... was not working... students werent
learning what was important and really
necessary/it wasnt preparing students for
the real world.
c. ... was a group devoted to Internet
activism./ was essential in the ght against
the governments Stop Online Piracy Act
and the Protect IP Act.
3. a. expansive (l. 5); b. libertarian (l. 9);
c. committed (l. 13); d. embodiment (l. 16)
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ANSWER KEY
4.
4.1 He created the RSS, which allows Web
consumers to be constantly updated
about their favourite websites comments/
posts without having to constantly visit
them. He paid fees for people to have
access to court records online free of
charge, and his group Demand Progress
fought the Stop Online Piracy Act and the
Protect IP Act.
5.
Aaron said that he was a 9th grader at the
North Shore Country Day School. In the
summer of 2000, he had nally realized that
school hadnt been working. He was tired
of outdated teaching practices where the
students didnt learn anything and he was
also tired of constantly being prepared for
more preparation. He wanted something
new, something worthwhile, something
better.
LITERATURE
LOUISA MAY ALCOTT
2.
a. Becky; b. women; c. clay-daubed hand
3.
a. (...) Becky said shed show us her idea of
the coming woman. (l. 2)
b. (...) women have been called queens a
long time, but the kingdom given them isnt
worth ruling () (ll. 10-11)
c. (...) Im going to have needle, pen, palette,
and broom somewhere, to suggest the
various talents she owns, and the ballotbox will show that she has earned the right
to use them. (ll. 27-29)
4.
4.1 The main topic of the conversation is the
woman of the future, dening how she will
be and what will characterise her.
4.2 The new woman wont have a sceptre,
because she is not a queen, she is an
ordinary person, just like a man is; she wont
have a mans hand in hers, because she is
self-sucient and independent; and she
wont have a baby, because she is more
than a mother or a nurse, she exists for
herself and not in relation to others.
4.3 It was important, because women didnt
have the right to vote, and so it was a
symbol that they should be allowed to vote.
4.4 She is creating a statue of a woman,
because her hands are dirty with clay.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
124
5.
5.1 bigger Comparative of superiority
(short adjectives); lovelier - Comparative of
superiority (adjectives ending in y); more
imposing Comparative of superiority
(long adjectives); the most appropriate
Superlative of superiority (long adjectives);
larger than Comparative of superiority
(short adjectives)
5.2
a. the best; b. more famous than; c. the
most terrible
PATIENCE AGBABI
1. English, because it is the dominant
language in terms of communication. There
are always people around the world who
speak English.
2. I try to make gestures and/or have
someone to translate it for me.
3. Personal answer.
5.
5.1 The subject is in Hamburg, Germany;
5.2 A man attacks both the subject and a
friend, Anna, verbally.
5.3 Silence is compared to a killer, a shroud,
something that is put around dead people
before they are buried.
5.4 The subject feels that way, because
the silence is due to the lack of translation
of the mans words. They were probably
insulting and the fact of not understanding
the language and the discomfort of being
left out due to lack of translation makes it
even more dicult for the subject to accept
it. The subject feels that the incident is
being killed the imposed silence, as though
it hadnt happened. She also feels angry
her face is red with rage.
5.5 The subject remembers an episode in
school, when someone referred to her skin
colour in French Parce quelle est noire
and pronounced those words with rage and
hatred.
5.6 It was not just the fact of being judged
for ones skin colour, but the fact that the
words had to be translated. She couldnt
defend herself fom the attack; she felt angry
and humiliated by her lack of language, as
well as by the vicious racism;
5.8 The poems main theme is racism.
CONOR N. A. ROWELL
2.
a. the subject; b. uorescent lights; c. toy
aisle; d. girls toys (blonde dolls)
3.
3.1 The subject is at a supermarket or
hypermarket because s/he is looking for
the toy aisle.
3.2 S/he thinks it is an incorrect designation,
because aisle is singular, but in reality there
is always more than one aisle.
3.3 This happens because usually girls and
boys toys are separated and may come
in dierent aisles, or at least on opposite
shelves on opposite sides of the corridor.
3.4 This expression denotes the irony
of the toys production. Toys are usually
intended at children, so they represent fun,
pleasure and entertainment, but the fact
is that sometimes they are produced by
other children (or adults) under cruel and
harsh working conditions. The term used
to describe these working environments
is sweatshops, which has therefore a
negative connotation. Child labour laws are
often violated, the workers work for long
hours an receive very low wages.
3.5 S/he is looking for a present for her/his
daughter, but s/he isnt happy with what s/
he nds. In the girls aisle s/he only nds
the typical girls presents blond dolls, and
pink, lacy toys. In the boys aisle she also
nds what people traditionally give boys
soldiers, fast cars and guns. That is, society
perpetuates the concepts of femininity and
masculinity by inculcating these ideas into
children as soon as they are born.
3.6 The subject means that traditionally the
most common present for girls is a blond
doll. It passes the message that girls should
copy that model, and be dolls in real life, that
is only care about clothes and appearances.
3.7 Its girls paradox, because they do not
see themselves in these toys and although
we tell them to be themselves, they are
always subject to role models that do
not respect their true selves. Also, they
are forced into liking these toys, because
society will criticise them if they start
playing with other (boys or not) toys. With
boys the same thing happens.
PATRICIA GRACE
1. Model answers: beauty, fragility, grace,
delicacy, colour, change, metamorphosis,
freedom, independence, joy, happiness...
3.
a. T Her grandfather () said to a neighbor,
Our granddaughter goes to school. She
lives with us now. (ll. 4-6)
ANSWER KEY
b. T When the granddaughter came home
from school her grandfather was hoeing
around the cabbages. Her grandmother was
picking beans. They stopped their work.
(ll.13-14)
c. F She said butteries are beautiful
creatures./You dont kill butteries () (l. 26)
4.
a. 3; b. 4; c. 1; d. 2
5.
5.1 It happens at the little girls grandparents
home, in the country;
5.2 No, they arent, because they grow their
own food and they have little education as
we can see by the way they speak they
do not use grammatically correct English:
What your teacher say? instead of what
did your teacher say? or she buy all her
cabbages instead of she buys all her
cabbages, for example;
5.3 He feels proud;
5.4 They are kind, loving people, who love
their granddaughter, accompany her and
show appreciation for everything she does.
For example, they stop working when she
arrives home from school;
5.5 They value school and respect the
teacher. For them whatever the teacher
says, the girl must do;
5.6 She wrote a story about butteries, but
the teacher didnt like it, because the girl killed
the butteries and the teacher said butteries
were beautiful and should not be killed;
5.7 They liked the story because it shows
their reality: butteries eggs hatch on the
cabbages leaves and destroy them, thats
why it is important for them, farmers, to kill
them;
5.8 We must always see things from
dierent perspectives and not judge
everything from our own point of view as
the only one possible. Both the teacher and
the grandparents were right, for example.
BENJAMIN ZEPHANIAH
1. Ethiopia is situated in the Horn of Africa.
2. The characters are: soldiers, Alem and his
parents.
4.
4.1 The action takes place at night, because
the whole family was sleeping.
4.1 Some soldiers enter their house and
attack them.
4.3 He says he is an African, but that does
not satisfy the soldiers, because they
want him to specify the country of origin:

Ethiopia or Eritrea.
4.4 The father is being accused of being a
traitor to his country, Ethiopia, because he
married the enemy, Alems mother. Alem is
accused of being a mongrel.
4.5 Either he will leave Ethiopia or he will die.
Personal Answer.
6.
6.1 The action takes place in Eritrea.
6.2 This time the mother has exchanged
roles with the father. She is the one being
accused of being a traitor, while her husband
is the enemy. This happens, because the
family has moved from Ethiopia to Eritrea,
so that Alems father would not be killed,
but in Eritea the same thing is happening as
in Ethiopia, so this time it is Alems mother
that will have to move in order not to be
killed.
6.3 This is happening because the two
countries are at war.
6.4 Model answer: No, I dont, because people
are free to choose their own relationships and
they are free to live where they want. They
must not be forced into doing something
they dont wish to, especially when it doesnt
respect their rights.
BOOKS & EXCERPTS
1.
A. Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott
B. The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wild
C. The Handmaids Tale, by Margaret Atwood
D. Twilight, by Stephenie Meyer
BOOKS & AUTHORS
1.
1. B; 2. C; 3. D; 4. A.
2.
2.1 Model answer: The slice of time in the
rst stanza refers back to the old days
(1971), when American Pie, a song by Don
McLean, was a hit on the radio. There was a
verse Drove my Chevy to the levee in the
chorus which inspired the second verse of
the rst stanza.
2.2 Model answer: Music was extremely
important and everyone seemed to listen
to the same songs, which doesnt happen
nowadays as there is a greater variety.
2.3 Model answer: S/he is again referring
to Dons American Pie. S/he feels nostalgic
about the past.
2.4 Model answer: Nowadays, people
interact more on a digital basis through
the Internet, on blogs. They are a click away
from each other. Stories seem to end before
they even begin. People have lost the
human connection that had once had.
2.5 This song is paying homage to music
and how things were in the past. The
subject misses the connection people had
with songs, when melodies were memories.
COLDPLAY & FRIDA KALO
1. Model answer: Its about a king who lost
his kingdom. He used to be the one making
the decisions and calling all the shots, and
suddenly he was overthrown. His castles
turned to sand.
2. Singer Chris Martin chose it after seeing
the phrase, which means long live life, on a
painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo, who
endured polio, a broken spine, and chronic
pain for decades. On an interview he said
she had gone through hell in her life, and
that it was then she drew this painting in
her house called Viva la Vida. He loved its
boldness.
MUSIC
BANDS AND SINGERS
a. Green Day; b. Maroon 5; c. Beyonc; d. Katy
Perry; e. Adele; f. Foo Fighters; g. Rihanna,
h. U2
MATCHBOX TWENTY
1.
a. rainmaker; b. superhero; c. real world;
d. order
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
a. Guitar; b. Flute; c. Violin; d. Piano,
e. Bagpipes; f. Saxophone; g. Harmonica,
h. Trombone; i. Banjo; j. Electric guitar,
k. Cello; l. Drums
2. S/he would like to be a rainmaker so that

s/he knew how rain is made; he would like to
be a superhero so that he could y around
town; he wishes he was someone else, free
from the pressure of the world / society.
FIVE FOR FIGHTING

1.
a. Cellphones; b. Rock and roll; c. song; d.
USAs; e. slice; f. lovers; g. memories
3. A head honcho is a leader or manager.

4. Model answer: Maybe he feels everything
has changed from the moment he became
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ANSWER KEY
famous and he wishes he could go back to
a time when everything was simpler, and he
still had his privacy.
3. Personal answer.
EMILI SAND
1. Personal answer.
THE SCRIPT
1.
a. King Kong; b. mountain; c. mile; d. gold;
e. country; f. champion; g. students; h. true
seekers
2. The message is about the struggles
behind triumph that nobody really gets to
see. The band took two stories of an under-privileged Irish immigrant who went to
America to try and become a great boxer.
Then they had a hearing impaired dancer. Both
show discipline and are inspiring. The slogans
for the Olympics read inspire a generation
and it inspired them. As a band, they believe
that if one works hard, youre going to make it.
3. Personal answer.
ANASTACIA
1.
a. mistakes; b. friends; c. mind; d. change;
e. mad; f. me; g. strong
2.
a. young; b. dream; c. gain; d. child;
e. dreamer; f. alone; g. sea
3. The world is turning its back on the
young because the future is compromised.
Its as though the Earth is crying for all the
destruction its facing.
4. It is Martin Luther King, an American Civil
Rights Activist.
5. This song has several messages. We
should never stop dreaming nor ghting for
our dreams, as they are all weve got left.
We should also focus more on the present
and on what we get from contacting with
other people, rather than material wealth.
We should also start worrying more about
our planet instead of taking it for granted
for one day nothing might be left.
LIGHTHOUSE FAMILY
1.
a. December; b. edge; c. me and you;
d. wanted; e. high
2. Model answer: This song is about
achieving the impossible and believing
everything is possible. Its a song about a
hopeful future.
BEYONC
2. Model answer: This song is about
following our own dreams and not letting
anyone come in between.
3. Model answer: S/he feels the need to
nd her/him own voice because s/he needs
to nd her/him way and ght for her/him
dreams. For a long time s/he was told what to
do, and now she feels the need to break free.
4. Personal answer.
ALICIA KEYS
1.
a. am searching; b. humanity; c. mothers;
d. sisters; e. am breaking; f. clothes
6. Personal answer.
2.
2.1 The subject was told to be the best s/he
can be, to make mistakes and not to change.
2.2 Model answer: She accepts other
peoples opinion. She believes people are
entitled to having their own opinion, and so
she doesnt get angry at them just because
they see dierently.
JASON MRAZ
2. Model answer: Maybe because in the midst
of all the destruction and chaos, this song
has an optimistic side to it and he felt that
it brought people together in a time of need.
3. Personal answer.
2. Personal answer.
ADAM LAMBERT
2.
a. honest; b. moment; c. chaos; d. time;
e. song
3. Model answer: The aftermath refers
to the consequences or after-eects of
a signicant unpleasant event. In this
sense, the narrator is telling us that we are
not alone when, or after we fall. There is
always someone near us who will pull us
up, and there is always a new opportunity
to change our ways, and rewrite our story.
Moreover, we should act cautiously, think
rst take a step before you leap -, and
remember that we reap what we sow if
you give love, you get love.
4. Personal answer.
MAROON 5
1.
a. 18; b. door; c. smile; d. insecure;
e. butteries
2. Model answer: This song is about a boy
who fell in love with a girl, but her heart is
busy loving someone else. Whenever she
feels down, he is always there for her, door
wide open.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
126
BRUNO MARS
2. This song is about friendship, and being
there for our friend no matter what.
3. Friends are supposed to come out and
help us wherever we are. They are supposed
to be a guiding light. They are supposed to
calm us down whenever we feel stressed
out.
4. Personal answer.
3. Personal answer + Model answer: For the

subject, a Superwoman is a woman who
has incredible dreams, incredible ambitions,
all the things she wants to do, but she also
knows how to take care of herself.
4. Personal answer.
5. Personal answer.
CINEMA
FILM DIRECTORS
1.
1. Jodie Foster; 2. Federico Fellini; 3. David
Lynch; 4. Gillian Armstrong; 5. Martin
Scorsese; 6. Gurinder Chadha; 7. James
Cameron; 8. Abbas Kiarostami; 9. David
Cronenberg; 10. Pedro Almodovar; 11. Soa
Coppola; 12. Jane Campion; 13. Betty
Thomas; 14. Quentin Tarantino; 15. Manoel
de Oliveira
FILMS
1.
1. 2001: A Space Odyssey; 2. Amlie;
3. American Beauty; 4. Black Swan; 5. The
New World; 6. No Country for Old Men;
7. Marie Antoinette; 8. Lost in Translation
ANSWER KEY
FILM GENRES
1.
a. 10; b. 8; c. 4; d. 9; e. 6; f. 2; g. 11; h. 1; i. 3;
j. 5; k. 7
5. The title sets the satirical tone of the

movie, which is a black comedy about how
public opinion can be manipulated through
the media. It is full of irony and sarcasm.
FILM FACT FILE

1.
6. Model answer: Yes, there is. We know

that they have often twisted the truth
according to what people asked from them.
They are the ones shaping the truth into
lies, and vice versa. However, there are also
journalists and newspaper/TV channels
who are serious and responsible and they
do not fear to tell the truth.
MAIN
PLACE
ACTOR
DIRECTOR
FILM TITLE
TIME
Anna
Karenina
Late
19th century
(beginning
in 1874)
Russia
Keira
Knightley
Joe Wright
Hugo
1931
Paris
Ben
Kingsley
&
Asa
Buttereld
Martin
Scorsese
Lincoln
1865
USA
Daniel
Day-Lewis
Steve
Spielberg
Leonardo
DiCaprio
&
Kate
Winslet
James
Cameron
Hugh
Jackman
Tom
Hooper
/ACTRESS
Titanic
1912
Aboard
the ship
Titanic;
North
Atlantic
Ocean
Les
Misrables
19th century
(beginning
in 1815)
France
FILM PLOTS
1.
1. e; 2. d; 3. f; 4. b; 5. c; 6. a.
1.1
1. Flight; 2. Zero Dark Thirty; 3. Wreck-it
Ralph; 4. No; 5. The Fall of the Essex Boys;
6. The Punk Syndrome.
THE FANTASTIC FLYING BOOKS OF MR.
MORRIS DESSMORE
1.
1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a; 6. b; 7. b; 8.a; 9. c;
10. a; 11. c; 12.b; 13. a; 14. c.
HUGO
1. a. 1930s; b. clockmaker; c. hopeless; d.
hope; e. orphanage; f. mystery; g. technical;
h. charmed;
2. Personal answer.
WAG THE DOG
1. These words are associated with politics
and the media.
2. a. 3; b. 1; c. 4; d. 2
3.1 The lm takes place in Washington, D.C.
3.2 Conrad Brean is a spin-doctor.
3.3 He is hired to distract the public opinion
from a presidential scandal.
3.4 He decides to create a fake war with
Albania, hoping the media will concentrate
on this instead.
3.5 He is a Hollywood producer who will help
him with a theme song, fake footage and
build interest in this story.
3.6 He is a war hero brought into the story
as to make it even more heart-breaking and
catchy.
4.
4.1 a; 4.2 b; 4.3 c
COACH CARTER
1.
1.1 a; 1.2 c; 1.3 b; 1.4 b; 1.5 b; 1.6 a; 1.7 c
2.
2.1 2.2 Personal answers.
PAPERMAN
1. Personal answer.
2.
2.1 a; 2.2 c; 2.3 a; 2.4 b; 2.5 a; 2.6 a; 2.7 c;
2.8 a; 2.9 b
3. Personal answer.
THE FIRST GRADER
1. Model answer: A child who is 5/6 years
old, and still nave, inexperienced;
2. Attentive, responsible, kind, caring,
3. Perseverance means persistence in
doing something despite diculty or delay
in achieving success.; Example: By never
letting his/her students down, the teacher
shows great perseverance.
4.
4.1 Kenya. 4.2 Free education for all. 4.3
They are crowded with students and they
look very basic, even outdated. There is no
sign of any technology. 4.4 An education.
4.5 84 years old. 4.6 People think it is
wrong for such an old man to be educated
alongside other small children. 4.7 From our
past.
MONA LISA SMILE
1.
1.1 b; 1.2 b; 1.3 c; 1.4 b; 1.5 a
LIFE OF PI
1. 3; 2; 4; 1
PROMETHEUS
1. Model answer: I see a devastated planet,
or at least a planet which is very dierent

from our planet. The action might take
place in the future. There are some people.
Maybe they are scientists. There is a lot of
advanced technology I dont fully recognise.
2.
2.1 a; 2.2 b; 2.3 c; 2.4 a; 2.5 b; 2.6 a; 2.7 c
3.
a. 2093; b. explorers; c. mission; d. Earth;
e. civilisation; f. human race
FREEDOM WRITERS
1.
1.1 1.3 Personal answer.
3.
3.1 She says these kids are her heroes
because they ght their wars every day
and havent given up on them, and on their
education. They are survivors.
3.2 Model answer: A hero helps thers and
never gives up on being a better person, a
better citizen. This person is not selsh and
cares about his/her world.
3.4 Model answer: No, they arent. These
kids go through hell on a daily basis and,
although they are not ying around the
city saving the world, they are making a
dierence in their own lives and the people
around them. They are energetic, unselsh,
kind and determined.
3.5 Model answer: We are shown heroes
who survived the Holocaust. Miep Gies, for
instance, is the daughter of the people who
sheltered Anne Frank. She and her family
are seen as heroes.
4.
4.1 There is bullying between classmates,
between friends. These students also bully
the teacher in her rst lessons, and maybe
we can say that Erins husband bullies her
into giving up teaching.
4.2 She creates classroom games that show
them they are more alike than they think.
They have more bringing them together
than setting them apart. An evidence of this
is The Line Game where students nd out
how much they have in common.
4.3 She takes them to the Holocaust Museum
so as to make the connection between the
apparently small-scale bullying and gang
culture within the classroom and the Nazis
trying to control and then exterminate the
Jews and other groups in Europe.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ANSWER KEY
5. Its 1994 in Long Beach, California.
Idealistic Erin Gruwell is just starting
her rst teaching job, as freshman and
sophomore English teacher at Woodrow
Wilson High School, which, two years
earlier, implemented a voluntary integration
program. For many of the existing teachers,
the integration has ruined the school, whose
previously stellar academic standing has
been replaced with many students who
will be lucky to graduate or even be literate.
Despite choosing the school on purpose
because of its integration program, Erin is
unprepared for the nature of her classroom,
whose students live by generations of
strict moral codes of protecting their own
at all cost. Many are in gangs and almost
all know somebody that has been killed
by gang violence. The Latinos hate the
Cambodians who hate the blacks and so
on. hate more is Ms. Gruwell. It isnt until
Erin holds an unsanctioned discussion
about a recent drive-by shooting death that
she fully begins to understand what shes
up against. And it isnt until she provides
an assignment of writing a daily journal which will be not graded, and will remain
unread by her unless they so choose - that
the students begin to open up to her.
VOCABULARY
VARIETIES OF ENGLISH
AmE
Truck
Fall
Cookie
Apartment
Trailer
The movies
Fries
Attorney
Drivers license
Garbage can
Tire
Vacation
Elevator
Highway
Corn
Freeway
Diaper
Sidewalk
Mailbox
Gas
Zipcode
Bar
Eraser
Schedule
Subway
Lorry
Autumn
Biscuit
Flat
Caravan
Chips
The cinema
Barrister
Driving licence
Dustbin
Tyre
Holiday
Lift
Main road
Maize
Motorway
Nappy
Pavement
Petrol
Postbox
Postcode
Pub
Rubber
Timetable
Tube
BRIDGES 10.o Ano
reality; g. sounds; i. cell phones; j. users;

k. pair of glasses; l. view; m. devices; n.
smartphones; o. iPhone.
IDIOMS
a. 11; b. 1; c. 4; d. 7; e. 9; f. 10; g. 13; h. 3; i. 14;
j. 5; k. 6; l. 12; m. 8; n. 2
COLLOCATIONS
1.
Have: a picnic, fun, an idea, a problem, a
haircut, lunch
Go: on holiday, abroad, to sleep, online,
wrong, on foot
Do: the shopping, someone a favour, the
homework, research, the dishes, well
Make: a dierence, a mistake, an attempt,
the best of, a discovery, an error
PHRASAL VERBS
1. a. speak up; b. give up; c. stay up; d. clear up;
e. hurry up; f. make up; g. keep up; h. hang up.
2. a. dress up; b. eat out; c. has... asked...
out; d. ended up; e. gave in; f. go back; g.
hang on; h. look after; i. ran away; j. ran into
PRONUNCIATION
PRONOUNCING -ED
1.
[t]: Helped, Reached, Noticed, Looked,
Finished, Jumped, Stopped
[d]: Warned, Realised, Closed, Discovered,
Examined, Pulled, Covered
[id]: Started, Landed, Needed, Decided, Painted
BrE
PRONOUNCING -(E)S ENDINGS

1. a. [s]; b. [z] ; c. [iz]; d. [iz]; e. [s]; e. [z]; g. [z];
h. [s]; i. [iz]; j. [z]
2. a. [z] / [iz] / [z]; b. [s] / [z]; c. [iz] / [s]; d. [iz]
/ [z] / [s]; e. [iz] / [z] / [iz]
SPACE
a. 20; b. 14; c. 11; d. 7; e. 13; f. 9; g. 8; h. 4; i. 2;
j. 21; k. 10; l. 1; m. 15; n. 19; o. 5; p. 12; q. 18; r.
17; s. 3; t. 16; u. 6.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
AUGMENTED REALITY
1. a. Video games; b. graphics; c.
photorealism; d. real-world; e. augmented
reality; f. computer-generated; g. virtual
128
HOMOPHONES
1.
1.1 a. meat; b. meet; 1.2 a. clothes; b. close;
1.3 a. some; b. sum; 1.4 a. our; b. ower; 1.5
a. muscle; b. mussel; 1.6 a. beach; b. beech;
1.7 a. rows b. rose; 1.8 a. strait; b. straight; 1.9
a. ant; b. aunt; 1.10 a. revue; b. review
MINIMAL PAIRS [s] AND []
1.
1.1 The initial sound is dierent: [] vs [s].
1.2 To think is to have a particular opinion,

belief, or idea about someone or something.
To sink is to become submerged.
3. a. [s]; b. [s]; c. []; d. []; e. []
4. a. [s] - []; b. [] - [s]; c. [s] - []; d. [] - [s]
4.1
Truce: An agreement between enemies or
opponents to stop ghting or arguing for a
certain time.
Truth: The quality or state of being true.
Thick: With opposite sides or surfaces that
are a great or relatively great distance apart.
Sick: Aected by physical or mental illness.
Sing: Make musical sounds with the voice.
Thing: An object that one need not, cannot,
or does not wish to give a specic name to.
Thin: Having opposite surfaces or sides
close together; of little thickness or depth.
Sin: An immoral act considered to be a
transgression against divine law.
MINIMAL PAIRS [i:] AND [I]
1.
1.1 ee and i are pronounced dierently: [i:]
vs. [I].
1.2 A sheep is a domesticated ruminant
with a thick woolly coat.
A ship is a vessel larger than a boat for
transporting people or goods by sea.
3. sit; heat; feet; wick; ll; steal; cheap
4. a. hit; b. bins; c. sheep; d. seek; feel; sick
5. Personal answer.
WORD STRESS
r r
r r
1.
Argue / Lawyer / Scissors /
Egypt / Females / Crowded
Advice / Cartoon / Routine /

Without / Alone / Police
2. a. communicate; b. disrupt; c. autumn; d.

empty; e. apostrophe; f. Argentina
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
DESCRIBING AND GUESSING
1. a. Eminem; b. George Clooney; c. Harrison
Ford; d. Keanu Reeves; e. Ashton Kutcher;
f.
Leonardo
di
Caprio;
g.
Arnold
Schwarzenegger; h. Patrick Swayze; i. Ricky
Martin; j. Kevin Costner; k. Tom Cruise; l. Bruce
Wills.
2. a. squirrel tail; b. fork; c. towel; d. human
skin; e. frosty winter pattern at a window
glass; f. strawberry; g. sheep fur; h. brick wall;
i. ice-cream
PROJETO CONSTRUDO COM O APOIO

DA COMUNIDADE DE PROFESSORES.
978-888-889-956-5
www.leya.com
www.sebenta.com

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Exclusivo do(a) Docente

Exclusivo do(a) Docente

Celeste Simes / Helena Oliveira

BRIDGES 10.o Ano

This diagram shows the Rock Cycle. Complete

1.1 Match these denitions to the types of rocks

b. These rocks are formed from the

c. These rocks are formed by the

2. Identify these rocks. Use the following words.

2.1 To what group of rocks do they belong?

5 10.o Ano BRIDGES

Identify all the planets in the Solar System.

2. What are dwarf planets? Mention some you know.

BRIDGES 10.o Ano

2. Match the words below with the numbers in the picture.

7 10.o Ano BRIDGES

Answer the following questions.

BRIDGES 10.o Ano

EUROPEAN UNION TIMELINE

v. Accession of Romania and Bulgaria & Lisbon Treaty

http://www.europeaninstitute.org/EU-Facts/timeline-of-the-european-union.html (adapted and abridged), accessed in February 2013

9 10.o Ano BRIDGES

Fact Sheet: World Population Trends 2012

Europe has (m.) been/isYVXRYfa\ORaUR_`a_RTV\[V[UV`a\_fa\`RRY\[TaR_Z]\]bYNaV\[QRPYV[RYN_TRYfN`

Carl Haub , Fact Sheet: World Population Trends 2012

BRIDGES 10.o Ano

FOSSIL FUELS QUIZ

Choose the correct answer to these questions.

r a. Nonorganic matter trapped in metamorphic rock

1.5 What is one of the earliest known fossils?

1.6 What liquid made of hydrocarbons can easily be set on re?

1.7 What important document was signed in Japan on 11 December 1997?

r a. The Geneva Protocol

11 10.o Ano BRIDGES

THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

Read the following article by Max Paris for CBC News.

Kyoto climate change treaty sputters to a sorry end

BRIDGES 10.o Ano

2. Complete the crossword puzzle below on the levels of organisation in an ecosystem.

ecosystem (the set of populations that inhabit an area).

2. A group of organs that work together to carry out a

3. All of the individuals of a species living within the

4. A collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to

5. Made up of a group of cells that work together to

perform a specialised function.

6. Lifes fundamental unit of structure and function.

9. Consists of all living things in a particular area,

13 10.o Ano BRIDGES

As species that lived in these habitats die, the

Global changes, such as global warming, play

Even after exhaustive searches, researchers

But extinctions happen even

Most likely, this is the natural state of life on

Less than a third of those billions

as a result produced hydrogen sulphide and caused acid rain.

negative impact on ecosystems.

BRIDGES 10.o Ano

Complete the diagram with the following words.

Found in both cells

Found in plant cells only

2. Match each cell part with its function.

4. Controls what happens inside the cell.

Provides storage of waste.

Europe has (m.) been/isYVXRYfa\ORaUR_`a_RTV\[V[UV`a\_fa\`RRY\[TaR_Z]\]bYNaV\[QRPYV[RYN_TRYfN`

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

_____ _ _ _ _______________________

OfaURSb`V\[_RNPaV\[m. __________P\[cR_aV[a\aUR_ZNYR[R_TfURNaN[Qn. ___________NV`RaUR