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INTRODUCTION
Svarayoga
nostrils"!.
It
is
study
of
breathed
through the
lifewave
manifests though nostriL
air
the
work, but it
flows through the right nostril, it is known
breathing.
when it flows
as Sun, Day, Yamuna, Pingla, Shika and Ha
though the left it is known as Moon, Night, Ganga, Ida, Shakti
and Tha, and when the flow of breath is equal though both the
nostrils. It is labeled Agni, Sandhya, Sarasvati and Susumna.
The scientific art of regulation the breath is wisely named as
that
is
always at
When
it
still
preserved
fourteenth Century.
at
No information
(No. D. 2254).
other manuscript is forthcoming.
1
Research
Oriental
Institute,
regarding the
Tirupati
existence of any
As
far as the
etc.,
spirology
e.,
(xxvi)
It
is
that
surprising
such
an
on
treaties
important
the Research
institute,
only
its kind in any other regional languages on Swarayoga.
This treatise
based on 8
is
rare and
unheard
Swarayoga works
like
1)
Harasastrayoga
2)
Adyatmayoga,
3)
Vanitayoga of Vasista
4)
Navanatha Yoga,
5)
Martandayoga,
8)
Vikramasimhayoga,
7)
Gorakshyoga,
8)
Some
of
the
rare
authorities cited on
still
remain to
be traced. 1
This
indicatas
factual
by Ganaparadhya to make his work,
authoritative.
Rare indeed are works of this type.
evinced
and
It
is
1.
a)
b)
Harisastra
c)
- Vishnumala.
Kanda)-Swami Kuvalayananda, Kavivafayadhama-
1969.
d)
2.
3.
Sastri,
K,
Veeravenkayya
&
Sons, Rajah-
-P-
03, but
it
is
a Sanskrit,
(xxvii)
Ganaparadhya (1323 - 1345 A.D.) was a son of Gannayamatya and Devamambha, a Telugu Brahman of Kaundinya gotra.
Gannayamatya,
the
father of this
yogi
was
minister of
great
great general
the
yogi
was
Telugu
patronised by Tughalamsha
during the
same period.
1)
Nelaturi Venkataramanayya,
2)
Chaganti Seshayya,
3)
4)
T. Susheela,
5)
G, Nagayya,
6)
Arudra.
the great
historian of Andhra,
during 1934.
Scribers Date
palm
or less
scholars
leaf
copy
of
the
original described
by Majett
12-12-1829
A. D,
(xxviii)
mode
old.
on
of unity
Fol.l a,
the
were
still
generally
Intended, for
appeal
the
in
kolani
influenced
persona) history.
"Sasmasaramadhyatat Sadhakottumudu
Swara yoga.
"Samsarajitulaku sahajayogamuna
swarasastrayogambu sarigagadalachi"
(p_ 1 05)
He prescribed swarayoga as
Sahajayoga all those people
entangled and got defeated in their family life,
who were
(xxix)
particularly
swarayoga techniques
The whole work is written in a simple, easy to underlanguage and at the same time keeping in view the
dignity of the theme.
It is
hoped that this work of Ganaparadhya of the 14th Century will prove a welcome addition to
this field of yoga in particular and Telugu in general. (P-111)
stand
NADI PARIKSHAi
is
Nadi Pariksha
Vedic language
In
practice.
JNANA
"ATMA"
of
sort
it
VISESHA.
is
basically a Yogic
'DHARA JNANAM".
called
is
knowledge,
SEERS
and
such
perceived
attained
MAHAJNANI
were
called
great
They
respect.
SAMYAMl, DHEERA PURUSHA. The word NADI is derived by
the root "NALA GANDHA".
Here "GANDHA" means sensory
derive the word from the root
impulses. Some scholars
"NARA" as "RAKTA" VACHAKA and "NARIN" as "HRIDAYA
It
through which
VACHAKA".
'
NADI"
of the organ
Patanjali
positioned
in
is
provides the
substance to
the
"HRIDAYAM".
says that
NABHI, one
"KAYAVYUHA JNANAM"
of the entire
specialized
be
Therefore this
argument that,
medium
can
the lineage
ACHARYAS belonging to the southern India viz. SILADA NANDIKESWARA-RAVANA ACHARYAS. RAVANA an ACHARYA
of
of the
all
the
above
man.
in
disease, Dr,
India, Souvenir,
I,
Sanjeevarao,
?988 - p - 51,
(xxx)
in his
left
hand.
Unlike the
for its rate,
tension to
describe the
disease
"TRIDOSHA THEORY"
B.
approach
come across
Yogic texts^
''DHATUVAISAMYA" or
of Ayurveda,
(PRAKRUTI).
terms of
in
11,
in
Swarayoga
(Slokas
5 to 29)
we
It advices
to check the sequence between bowel movements and urination. Urination at the time of the left Swara
Prana
is
not
during the
But
functioning
right
Swara.
if
the urine
comes
at intervals,
the
is
or
(mutra) should come, then
between
Ida
and Pingala.
(Refer - P - 173).
objective
(xxxi)
was
it
&&
?t
purely
intuitive,
he
dealt
kind of
IVtanjan
from the
|n
rny
original manuscript.
duty
if
3 scientist from
ponsibi lity
U. S. A. on
Swarayoga.
comings 1
Yours
in
Yoga,
M. VENKATA REODY
Editor a-Director,
Institute,
Secunderabad,
P. India.
Ramdev Sharma-Bombay
ra- Ashram Yogic
Maharaj
natural
^lahesh,
the
(1977) Hindi,
Datiya (M.
energy
in
P.)
healing by M.
V Reddy,
LE SVAR YOGA
Relations Cultureiles,
~7
exercise
INTRODUCTION
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159
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Scientific Studies on
1.
2.
....
16O
Electrona^ography Studies
....
162
By Dr.
3.
Swara Yoga
gO
.. 0-
S-
L Vinekar
Significance of Nostrils in
By Dr.
V. Bhole and
Dr. P. V. Karembelkar
Breathing
....
163
XXXV
4.
A Pilot Study
Dr.
By
Vijayendra Pratap
Swara Yoga-
5.
....163
&
164
16 1
S.
K. Ganguly
By Deboroh A. Werniz
7-
8.
....
165
....
166
....
166
et al
Human
9.
164
et al
....
168
10.
Yoga Update-Breathing
11.
12.
....
171
173
13.
Bibliography on Swarayoga
14.
dsSN
^N>O
o-
S$a3*
Khalsa
....
184
-..
184
tf.
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The
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neurologists have descriped the right hemisphere as sad and the left as happy.
Kinsbourne M; Nenrologist sad hemisphere, happy
hemisphere, Psychology Today, May 1981.
Some
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Treatment Principles with the AMI, By Hiroshi Motoyama, Research for Religion and Para Psychology No.
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Appendix
Scientific Studies
1.
Swsmf
VI f
on Swara
DR. S.L Vinekar
Kut/afayananda
(1883-1&66)
Yoga
Dsnda
Many
(1907-1967)
Effect
They
Summary
satisfied
that the
two
made to
work evenfy, i.e., there shoufd be bfockade of no nostril, when
one starts these Pfanayamrc exercise, It rs onFy then, they say,
that one can get the best results cfaimed for them
by Yoga. To
open up the nostrils, they take the hetp of a contrivance called
'Yoga-Danda' ('Kubadi' in Northern fndfan Fanguages). This
is a she ft crutch! Jke stfck, about two and a haff feet
high, which
is used to press upon the
a&
a
man would
fame
arm-pits/ just
use a crutch. The aim-pit opposite to the bfocked nostril is
bfeathmg.
frcsist
nostrils should be
subjected to this pressure. One just sits with the 'crutch' in the
arm-pit supporting oneseff to some extent on the same. And
this does work, i.e.. does open up tae
opposite blocked nostril
within a few seconds.
161
is
being taken
up
for investigation in
nostrils
and that
this
blocked
nostril
We
have,
however,
nt in bringing about a
lave
;c
good
clinical
evidence to
breathing,
may help to some
'balance' in the system, and hence
breathing method,
Fig, 7
YOGA-DAN DA EFFECT
kymograhic recor to show how a partial congestion in
nostril can be relieved in a matter of a few seconds by
ting pressure on the opposite arm-pit. In the above rec_rd,
162
the pressure
exerted
to
effects.
produce required
YOGfC THERAPY
Swami Kuvalananda and S.L Vinekar
A New
Approace
in
Neurological Research
p-48
:
Summary
ElectronasographY Studies:
It
the nasal
olfactory
ramifica-
tions going to the various centres controlling autonomic reactiThe controlled stimulation given by the respiratory
vity.
It
was f ^und
the respiration slows down, automaticallg the electrical pstenExistence of differences in the potentials
tials were reduced.
on right and left nostrils was also revealed in this study which
Vinekar
S. L.
75-79, 1966.
activity.
163
Significance
of Nostrils in
Breathing
DR. M. V. Bhole
and
DR.
lp%
SUMMARY:-
As
far as
V. Karambelkar
P.
-,.-.
*M
cal
sciences
like
breathing
the nostri! opposite to the side on which the Yoga-Danda
the same side starts working
applied opens or the nostril on
that
is
less
than before.
merely by
their will
An
nostril
Exploratory Study,
KAIVALYADAMA
LONAVLA
41
0403
POONA
164
SUMMARY
dominance
nostril
breathing some
times through right and some times through left and some times
equally through both the nostrils does occur. Variation in
The
:-
of
the
Svara Yoga
SUMMARY:-
show
Results
women, dominance
of nostril
Pilot
nostrils
Study
men and 19
either right, left
that out of 21
breathing
was
dominance
of nostril breathing
were
It
differ
may
be
suggested here that the olfactory system as a whole (i.e. including the n3n olfactory path ways) plays an impcrtant part in
the control of breath. EmDtional conditions can induce changes
in
nostril
mechanism
known
to
all
unclear.
Strength
dominance and
A Pilot Study
nostril
-
grip
SUMMARY
when
trend.
the
In
same side
SNIPES Journal
1922
tion of
Deborah. A. Werntz,
Shannahoff Khalasa,
SUMMARY:
pheric
activity
Human
neurobiology,
Alternating
2:
dominance of
was demonstrated
in
39-43, 1983.
cerebral hemis-
human by
use of the
electroencephalogram (EEC). Relative changes of electrocortical activity have a direct correlation with changes in the relative
165
nostril
isa
P. 0-
nasal
David S.
Shannahoff
Khalasa,
life
science.
Vol. 38,
PPr:
1203-1214.
SUMMARY:
The
hose
parasympathetic innervation
nating
dominance
of
receives
that
sympathetic
is
166
concurrent
dominance on the
autonomic function, known
parasympathetic
ultradian rhythm
of
hours
in
nasal
cycle
other.
This
as the nasal
Previous experiments
length.
is correlated in an
inversely
nating
for periods of
of
lateralization
of
was abserved in 7
human male subjects. The
two arms also parallels the
neurotransmitters
suggests
in activity
Rajmond
performance.
SUMMARY
:Recent
right
hemispheres
verbai performance
respectively.
between the
and relative
uni-nostril breathin
pattern of
spatial vs
had no
effect
on perfermence.
Selective
nostril
D.
breathing;
stimulgtion
by
Wernt
R-
3,
Shannahoff-KhalsHBman Neurobiology
unilaternal forced
B.
Bickfcrd
(1987) 6
and
167
SUMMARY:- We
integration
EEG
of
where
in
airflow
through
the
left
and
right
relatively greater
and parasympatheiic branches of the autosystem. This dynamic lateralization of alternating activity in the autonomic nervous system exists in other
peripheral structures and also in erv to be the made or regulaThis paper shows that forced notion of the corticol rhythm.
tne sympathetic
matic
nervous
one
nostril
produces a relativen incerease in
the
contralateral
the EEG amplitude
hemisphere. This phedemonstrated
in
5
was
of
5 untrained subjects.
out
nomena
tril
breathing
in
in
These
results
168
Yoga Updade
in,
out
in,
Peculiar, isn't
eyes, hear
with
nostril.
many
to three hourf
sound
in
abilites.
and Deborah Werntz of the University of California, San Diegoand followed the advice of Yogi Bhajan, a U.S. master of
Kundalini Yoga. We investigated a supposed relationship between the nasal cycle and a rhythm in brain hemisphere domiI
nance.
It
we
found,
reflects
is
and
treating
a way to help shift our brains toward
more
logical thought, or
The
different kinds of
skills.
hemishpheres
are
The
left
169
Now
it
seems
the
that
hemispheres alternate
our dominant
mode
in
steady
hemisphere simply
by forcing
right nostril
air
through
versa.
The possible uses of this brain/breathing switch are fascinating. If we're right about the brain's division of power, changes
shift our moods and attitudes.
in breathing patterns could helf
For example,
hours or so.
work
If
performance
shifting
modes
every two
cause on-the-job
way to break out of
fluctuates
usually
of intelligence
them.
woman, through
the
left.
(p
their
everyday
171).
It
affects the
whole body.
170
Through the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the hypothaiamus or chestrates a myriad of body activities that are not
under
conscious control, from gastric contractions to
goosebumps The
ANS is made up of two separata nerve networks-the sympathetic and the parasympathetic
-with opposite actions on
any given
organ. Sympathetic nerves usually constrict blood vessels, for
instance, while parasympathetic nerves dilate them. Ihe
nasal
cycle is generated by constricting the blood vessels in one nostril, opening it wider, and dilating them in the other.
Surprisingly, the nasal cycle may reflect nervous system
in the entire body, as my recent
experiments with Michael Ziegler and Brian
Kennedy of the University of California
San Diego show. When the right nostril is dominant, its blood
vessels are constricted, suggesting greater sympathetic
rhythms
activity
on the body's right side. And, indeed, we found relative increases in norepinephrine-a neurotransrnitter that reflects
sympathetic activity-in the right
We
left
may
arm during
metabolic
right nostril
activities
dominance.
of the right and
as governed
governed by the sympathetic nervous system. So brain hemisphere rhythms could be reflected in the immune system.
Khals^ Foundation for Medical Science, P.O. Box 2708, Del Mar,
CA
92014, 619-755-0539
86
171
Ancient Exercises
few cautions:
you're epileptic, or
drugs or alcohol.
when
Don't
driving a car, or
these exercises
try
if
view that
is
in
the tre-
atment of angina,
Sit
with your spine straight, close your eyes and focus them
remove your thumb, place your right little finger over the end of
your left nostril and exhale slowly through your right nostril.
Than inhale through the right and exhale through the left. Repeat
this alternating pattern. Do not hold your breath *n once you've
inhaled; begin to exhale
immediately.
once you're
Also,
done
so
The more powerful the breath, the more powerful the effect,
moderately at first. Continue for a maximum of 11
start
minutes,
less at first
If
you
like.
metabo-
str-a*
both
same
manner as In
the same manneras in the first brain exercise> Relax both hands
in your lap. If you can, extend your tongue out of your mouth and
feet flat
curl in into a
in
the
172
Ing the breath
(If
you're
unable-
to curl
inhale
through
the curled tongue and eight parts out through the nose, at about
two parts per second. Begin with a few minutes five to 10 is
the maximum in the beginning
and slowly build up the time
by
until you reach a maximum of 31
a minute or two everyday,
minutes.
D,S.K,
2830, Hendersonville,
NC 28793-2830,
173
A CONTEMPORARY VIEW OF
THE
LIFE
FORCE BIOLOGY
DAViD SHANNAHOFF-KHALSA
Del
Life
nerve fibers,
etic
body.
When
pingula
is active, i.e.
dominant,
airflow
through the
dominates and the left nostril is relatively congested. And when ida is dominant, nasal airflow is greater in the
The first releft nostril, with a relative congestion in the right.
right nostril
corded observation of
this
phvsiological
phenomena
of nasal
western science was in 1889 by the German Physician, Kayser. He termed this relative congestion/decongestion
of nasal turbinates the "nasal cycle". In 1895, Kayser described
this phenomena as an expression of the alternation of peripheral
vasomotor tone on the two sides of the body. He noticed the
following autonomic phenomena to correlate with right-left
dominance
in
the
was
West
the
that
first
scientific
supports yogic
report
of
physiology.
many
an
observation
However,
different
in scientific
even
labora-
journals,
1.
Paper presented at first International Conference on
Medicine Madras, India, Feb 27-March 1, 1987.
it
Energy
174
was
in
1927;
airflow.
Simultaneously,
that passage
and hence
parasympathetic
dominance
how
was
175
Werntz
al.
1972.
the experiments by
to record
et al,
EEG
activity over
tal activity.
is
Although psychological studies performed by Klesn and Arcerebral hemispheres alterroitage (-979) suggest that the two
nate during waking, the*r study did rtot include the n-8sa! cycle
or other related autonomic phenomena. Klein, P4lon, Prosser, and
Shannahoff-Khalsa (1936) did a study with 126 nghi-har.ded 1.
Moorthy A,M. et al P-164 males (66) and females (70) to assess
98T,
in
176
(1986). These results also showed a significant correlation of
the side of unilateral forced nostril breathing on increased
mental activity in the contrafateral hemisphere
independent of
in-
itial
was
dominance
The relationship of cerebral dominance and nasal airflow
studied by Bell and Shannahoff-Khalsa
(1985)
therusing
tympanic
measurements
nasal
and
membrane temperature
thermistors
for
(TMT)
measuring airflow
activity
ments where
(1961)
80%
of their cases
ject
longer.
177
No doubt
the supposed night time correlate of the cereas it must reflect some kind of compensation
varies
rhythm
or re-euilibration for daytime lenghts, which would help to reestablish homeostasis. In the ancient science of Kundalini Yoga,
bra!
dominance.
left nostril
or
shows us that their are two separate minds, personadomains of consciousness, one for each hemisphere,
is
when
apparent
Upon
testing,
the cerebral
the hemisphere
is initially presented with the stimulus produces a resconsultation of the other. This results in such
without
ponse
different reactions that one is lead to believe that two very
which
Many
other studies on the hemispheres support this differeThe asymmetry of human emotion is summarized
ntial function.
left-hemisphere
damage more
right
and
left
the investigation of
Me
Intyre et al.
agressivity
study on
"impulsive"
"reflective"
pro-
178
was
put to sleep.
In
this natural
fascinating observation
or diametricall-opposed"
mic
is
now
easier to under-
personalities,
patients,
full of
rebellion
against
her, using
authority.
abusive langu-
age, scaring other patients with lurid tales of state hospitals and
sex relations, and (2) as dependent, submissive, shy, self-effacing, affectionate
affection
and approval
switch hemispheres/nostrils
at
hanism
for
ptation
in
Two
switching cerebral dominance is also useful for adaextreme situations like dissociative disorders.
of intelligence
ida
the
179
entire periphery as is furthhr documented
This would suggest that studying
in
in
ANS
MPD
the periphery
may also
reflect the
the
two cases
function"
"ultradian
of
elsewhere
rhythm of ida
and pinguia".
Other Studies or Later'Q^z^ion^
i
ANS^^tiyj^in
the Periphery
on the fifth
intercostal
ing the
hemispheres
ANS-CNS dominance as
enough, scientific
studies
pressure on nasal
Cole and Haight (1984), Haight and Cole (1984), Cole and Height (1986). Prior to these studies, some researchers noticed that
nasal dominance. However, they assuposition could influence
med tfrat gravity plaved a role in the changes of blood tSow
causing congestion. Yogis have a!so
the right side,
compared
to the
left,
that lying on
to induce deep
discovered
will help
the
sleep more rapidly since left nostril dominance helps engage
REM
non
sleep.
right hemisphere and
to the
nasal
cycle,
lung function
and
180
the body was reversed on
sweating pattern on the top of
lower half.
make comparisons
the
of normal and
how "stress
abnormal asymmetries in ANS function and state
be
balance
may
disrupted
or with hypothaiamic instability this
and result in the marked autonomic asymmetry seen in migraine
or Meniere's
syndrome".
of patients presenting
Riga (1957) did a clinical analysis
Patients with obstobstruction.
with right or left chronic nasal
with a range
affected
more
frequently
ruction on the right were
of
concepts of "ida"
western
scientific
it
not surprising
is
why
the
between
the
mind as two
sepa-
rate
remarkably
immune system.
Renoux
different role
et
ai,
(1983)
eurormmunology
Renoux
et a}.
(1983)
showed
that "partial
and rnitogen-induced responses, and delays the response to allIn contrast, these events are increased following a
oantigens.
The findings extend previous results showing that the neocortex modulates Natural Killer activity and the efficacy of T cellspecific serum factors". This result and the finding of natural
rhythms in cortical activity brings a new facet into play ''the
rhythms of laterality and immunity".
181
changes
shows
Eccies
(1978) had
nasal resistance.
earlier
proposed
Experimental
evidence
in
the cat
that the
hypothalamus does directly influence sympathetic innervation of the nasal mucosa both
unilaterally and bilaterally (Eecles and Lee. 1981, Malcomson
1959).
In
ted even
if
the left
mechanism that
gence of the
in less
than a
second.
This
ss
an adaptive
used to quickly access and utilize the intellihemisphere for the "basic knowledge" needed
is
left
to survive. This
when
yogic science,
correlates
with the
ergotrophsc
rage-related
of the
riles in
similar "polarity of
mind"
is
observed
in
of
hew
the structure of
the
and pinguia
is
of the
ANS
Function
sushumna,
is
related
to
spinal canal. According
anatomically
region
fluid
and
brain
spinal
the
of
when
the
chemistry
Yogic medicine,
are equis "conditioned" and the "energies" of ida and pinguia
to
the
of the
182
state of consciousness is possible.
ally mixed an "elevated"
However, this happens only when the pituitary and pineal achie-
ve a specific secretory relationship, and when certain connecta figurative sense, the "energies" of
ing nerves are activated. In
and when they do equally,
sushmna,
effect
both ida and pingual
transition point
occur.
can
First, a
events
a range of important
in
In most
influence.
are
equal
exists where both hemispheres
and
is
not
short-lived
is
very
consciously
people this transition
neural activation and glandular
experienced since the necessary
also the moment of increased
is
This
unmanifested.
activity are
where
is
self-mastery begins. It
creativity. This balance point
is
from
consciously controls
the balance of energy of ida and pingula. He chooses the hemiHe is not
sphere suited to the situation for optimal performance.
to
chooses
utilize
hs
the
but
controlled by the "thought waves",
desired
mode
The rhythm
is
for self-regulation is
Werntz,
effects
nostril breathing to
in
25 of 31 attempts using
replicated
is
this result
five
in a
further investi-
183
DOSTALEX.
1.
in
the
2.
Friedella, A.
3.
James
funderburk, "nostril,
science
in
studies
4.
5.
Prasad, R. Nature's Finer Forces,
House, Adyar, India 1947.
New
York, 1971.
Theosophical
Publishing
7.
Pratap, Vijayendra, 1974, Svarayoga-A Modality in BiofeedBiofeedback Society Conference, Colorado Springs, 1974.
back,
8.
Vijayendra, and
Hemisphere Difference
Pratap
Left
Wade
in
Berrettine
1975-Right and
Mantra Meditation-A Cast study,
9.
Path,
11.
March
and
Behavior
Patterns, Vedic
1-981.
Venkata Reddy.
M.,
Swara
Yoga as
system of natural
184
International Conference
Energy Healing. Paper presented at the
of
Institute
Magnetobiology, 27th
on Energy Medicine, Madras
Feb. 1987.
TM,
Scientific Research
MIU
Press).
APPENDIX-Vlil
1
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SVARODAYAS'ASTRA
1}
with
Narapatikavi
Sarvodayah of
Narapatijayacharya
'Subodhini Sanskrta-Hindi
commentary by Ganeshadatta
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office,
Publisher
Pathaka
3)
4)
pp 94.
with Marathi
Sivasvarodaya, Text
Translation
by Vaman
Eknath Kemkar, Pub Raoji Sridhora Gondhaiekar, Jagaddhitecchu Press, Pune, 2nd Edn. 1883. pp. 68.
:
6)
Sivasvarodaya,
Translated
B. Baijanath Prasad,
7)
Jnanasvarodaya,
Press,
8)
Dr.
D.
by R,
1918, pp. 136.
Caranadasa,
Pub
Upadhyaya. Pub:
Shri
Venkateshwar
Bombay
M.
kindly
L.
Gharote
furnished
Principal, G. S.
Letter
Ref. No.
(Personal Communication).
SRD/17
185
9)
Siva
Svarodaya, Text
Kumar
Bar,
Pub
and
Prachya
English
Translation
Prakashan
by Ram
Varanasi,
1980,
pp.XXIX, 172.
1)
in
Palace.
2)
Raiasthan
9lJ22^
Be
C
B
G
B
4)
e r s ty
ga^sH!n^^
from Brah-
Sri
Misra Narahari.
Anandasrama, Pune.
178/2678 Svarodaya by Malianatha Haridasa.
309/5 144 Svarodaya Satika.
6)
^^Orjentai Institute,
Baroda.
9)
10)
Vaidik
GO
30Ci
&~
O"
11
15
4fr
17
49'
49-
8-
7-
&
12
76-
IS
22
11T
22
134
T64
27
1022
15)82
168.
21
Rajmond
Raymond