The Civil Code of the Philippines

AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE THE CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER I
EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS
Article 1. This Act ______ be known as the "______ ______ ______ ______ ______." (n)
Art. 2. Laws ______ take ______ after ______ days following the ______ of their
publication in the Official Gazette, unless it is otherwise provided. This Code shall
take effect ______after such publication. (1a)
Art. 3. Ignorance of the law ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. (2)
Art. 4. Laws shall have no ______ ______, unless the contrary is provided. (3)
Art. 5. Acts executed against the provisions of ______ or prohibitory laws shall be
void, except when the law itself authorizes their ______. (4a)
Art. 6. Rights may be ______, unless the waiver is contrary to law, ______ ______,
______, ______, or ______ ______, or prejudicial to a third person with a right
recognized by law. (4a)
Art. 7. Laws are repealed only by ______ ______, and their violation or __________ shall
not be excused by disuse, or ______ or practice to the contrary.
When the courts declared a law to be ______ with the Constitution, the former shall
be void and the latter shall govern.
Administrative or ______ acts, orders and ______ shall be valid only when they are
not contrary to the laws or the Constitution. (5a)
Art. 8. ______ decisions applying or interpreting the laws or the Constitution shall
form a part of the ______ ______ of the Philippines. (n)
Art. 9. No ______ or ______ shall decline to render judgment by reason of the ______,
______ or ______ of the laws. (6)
Art. 10. In case of doubt in the ______ or application of laws, it is presumed that the
lawmaking body intended ______ and ______ to prevail. (n)
Art. 11. ______ which are contrary to law, public order or public policy shall not be
_________. (n)
Art. 12. A custom must be proved as a ______, according to the rules of ______. (n)
Art. 13. When the laws speak of years, months, days or nights, it shall be
understood that years are of ______ ______ ______ days each; months, of thirty days;
days, of twenty-four hours; and nights from ______ to ______.

If months are ______ by their name, they ______ be ______ by the number of days
which they ______ have.
In computing a period, the ______ day shall be excluded, and the ______ day
included. (7a)
Art. 14. ______ laws and those of public security and safety shall be obligatory upon
all who live or sojourn in the ______ territory, subject to the ______ of public
international law and to treaty stipulations. (8a)
Art. 15. Laws relating to family ______ and duties, or to the ______, condition and
______ capacity of ______ are binding ______ citizens of the ______, even though ______
______. (9a)
Art. 16. Real property as well as ______ property is ______ to the law of the ______
where it is stipulated.
However, intestate and ______ ______, both with respect to the order of ______ and to
the amount of ______ rights and to the intrinsic validity of ______ provisions, ______
be regulated by the ______ law of the person whose ______ is under ______, whatever
may be the nature of the property and regardless of ______ ______wherein said ______
may be ______. (10a)
Art. 17. The ______ and ______ of ______, ______, and other ______ instruments shall
be ______ by the laws of the ______ in which they are ______.
______ the acts ______ to are ______ before the ______ or ______ officials of the ______
of the Philippines in a ______ country, the ______ established by ______ laws shall be
______ in their execution.
______ laws concerning ______, their ______ or ______, and those which have, for their
______, public order, ______, and good ______ shall ______ be rendered ______ by laws
or ______ ______, ______ by ______ or ______ agreed ______ in a ______ country. (11a)
Art. 18. In ______ which are ______ by the ______ of ______ and ______ laws, their
______ shall be ______ by the provisions of ______ Code. (16a)
CHAPTER 2
HUMAN RELATIONS
Art. 19. ______ person ______, in the ______ of ______ rights and in the ______ of his
______, ______ with ______, give ______ his ______, and ______ honesty and ______ faith.
Art. 20. Every ______ who, ______ to law, ______ or ______ causes ______ to another,
shall ______ the ______ for the ______.
Art. 21. Any ______ who ______ causes ______ or ______ to another in a ______ that is
contrary to ______, ______ customs ______ public ______ shall ______ the latter for the
______.

Art. 22. Every ______ who through ______ act of ______ by another, or ______ other
______, ______ or ______ into ______ of ______ at the ______ of the latter ______ just or
______ ground, ______ return the ______ to him.
Art. 23. ______ when an ______ or ______ causing ______ to another's ______ was not
______ to the ______ or ______ of the ______, the ______ shall be ______ for ______ if
______ the ______ or event he was ______.
Art. 24. In all ______, property or other ______, when ______ of the ______ is at a ______
on ______ of his ______ ______, ______, indigence, ______ ______, tender ______ ______
other ______, the courts must be vigilant for his ______.
Art. 25. ______ ______in expenses for ______ or display ______ a period of acute ______
want or ______ may be ______ by order of the ______ at the ______ of any ______ or
private ______ institution.
Art. 26. ______ person shall respect the ______, ______, ______ and peace of mind of
his neighbors and other ______. The ______ and ______ acts, though ______ may not
______ a criminal ______, shall ______ a cause of ______ ______ ______, prevention and
other relief:
(1) ______ into the privacy ______ another's ______:
(2) ______ ______ or ______ the private ______ or family ______ of ______;
(3) ______ to ______ another to be ______ from his ______;
(4) ______ or ______ another on ______ of his ______ beliefs, ______ station ______ life,
______ ______ ______, physical ______, or other ______ condition.
Art. 27. Any ______ suffering material or ______ ______ because a ______ servant
______ ______ refuses or ______, without ______ cause, to ______ his ______ duty ______
file ______ action ______ ______ and other ______ against ______ latter, without ______
to any ______ administrative ______ that ______ be ______.
Art. 28. ______ competition in ______, commercial or ______ enterprises or in ______
through the ______ of force, ______, ______, ______ or any other unjust, ______ or ______
method shall ______ rise to a ______ of action ______ the person ______ thereby ______
damage.
Art. 29. _______ the accused in a ______ ______ is _______ on the _______ that his
_______ has not been _______ beyond _______ doubt, a ______ ______ for damages for
the _______ act or _______ may be _______. Such action _______ only a ____________ of
evidence. _______ motion of the defendant, the court may _______ the plaintiff to
_______ a bond to _______ for damages in case the _______ should be _______ to be
_______.

If in a _______ case the _______ of ______ is based upon ______ ______, the court
_______ so _______. In the absence of any ______ to that _______, it may be _______
from the _______ of the _______ whether or not the _______ is due to that ground.
Art. 30. _______ a separate _______ action is brought to _______ civil ______ arising
from a _______ offense, and _______ criminal _______ are _______ during the _______ of
the civil case, a ______ of evidence _______ likewise be _______ to prove the act
_______ of.
Art. 31. When the ______ ______ is based on an _______ not arising _______ the act or
omission complained of as a ______, such civil _______ may proceed _______ of the
criminal _______ and regardless _______ the result of the _______.
Art. 32. Any _______ officer or _______, or any _______ individual, who _______ or
indirectly ______, defeats, _______ or in any manner _______ or impairs _______ of the
_______ rights and ______ of another person shall be _______ to the latter for _______:
(1) Freedom of ______;
(2) Freedom of ______;
(3) Freedom to ______ ______ ______ ______ or to maintain a _______ publication;
(4) _______ from ______ or illegal _______;
(5) Freedom of ______;
(6) The _______ against ______ of property without due _______ of law;
(7) The right to a ______ compensation when _______ property is ______ for public
use;
(8) The right to the ______ protection of the _______;
(9) The _______ to be _______ in one's person, ______, ______, and effects against
_______ searches and ______;
(10) The liberty of ______ and of changing the same;
(11) The _______ of communication and ______;
(12) The right to _______ a member of ______ or societies for _______ not ______ to
law;
(13) The right to take part in a ______ ______to petition the _______ for _______ of
_______;
(14) The right to be ______ from _______ _______ in any _______;
(15) The _______ of the _______ against excessive ______;

(16) The right of the ______ to be heard by _______ and counsel, to be _______ of the
nature and _______ of the accusation _______ him, to have a ______ and public trial, to
meet the witnesses face to face, and to have ______ process to secure the _______ of
witness in his _______;
(17) Freedom from being ______ to be a witness _______ one's self, or from _______
forced to _______ guilt, or from _______ induced by a _______ of ______ or reward to
_______ such confession, _______ when the _______ confessing becomes a _______
witness;
(18) _______ from ______ fines, or ______ and unusual _______, unless the same is
imposed or inflicted in accordance with a statute which has not been ______
declared _______; and
(19) Freedom of ______ to the courts.
In any of the cases _______ to in this article, _______ or not the _______ act or
omission constitutes a _______ offense, the ______ party has a right to _______ an
entirely _______ and distinct _______ action for _______, and for other _______. Such
civil _______ shall _______ independently of any criminal ______ (if the _____ be
_______), and may be _______ by a ______ of evidence.
The _______ shall include _______ _______. _______ damages may also be _______.
The responsibility herein set forth is not ______ from a judge unless his act or
omission constitutes a violation of the ______ Code or other ______ statute.
Art. 33. In cases of defamation, ______, and physical injuries a civil action for _______,
entirely separate and _______ from the _______ action, may be _______ by the ______
party. Such civil action shall proceed ______ of the criminal prosecution, and shall
require only a preponderance of ______.
Art. 34. _______ a member of a _______ or municipal ______ ______refuses or fails to
_______ aid or _______ to any person in case of danger to life or property, such ______
______ shall be _______ liable for _______, and the city or _______ shall be _______
responsible _______. The civil action herein _______ shall be _______ of any criminal
_______, and a _______ of evidence shall suffice to _______ such action.
Art. 35. When a _______, claiming to be ______ by a _______ offense, charges _______
with the same, for which no _______ civil action is _______ in this _______ or any
special law, but the _______ of the peace finds no reasonable grounds to believe that
a crime has been committed, or the prosecuting attorney refuses or fails to institute
criminal _______, the ______ may bring a _______ action for _______ against the ______
offender. Such civil action may be _______ by a preponderance of evidence. Upon
the ______ motion, the court may require the ______ to file a bond to _______ the
defendant in case the complaint _______ be found to be malicious.
If during the ______ of the civil action, an _______ should be _______ by the ______
______, the _______ action shall be _______ until the _______ of the criminal _______.

Art. 36. _______ questions which _______ be _______ before any ______ ______may be
_______ or may _______, shall be _______ by ______ ______ ______ which the Supreme
_______ shall _______ and which shall not be in _______t with the _______ of this Code.

BOOK I
PERSONS
Title I. - CIVIL PERSONALITY
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Art. 37. _______ capacity, which is the ______ to be the _______ of legal _______, is
_______ in _______ natural _______ and is _______ only through _______. Capacity to act,
which is the ______ to do acts with legal _______, is acquired and may be lost. (n)
Art. 38. Minority, ______ or imbecility, the state of being a ______, ______ and civil
interdiction are mere _______ on capacity to act, and do _______ exempt the ______
______ from certain obligations, as when the latter _______ from his acts or from
_______ relations, such as ______. (32a)
Art. 39. The following circumstances, among others, modify or limit capacity to act:
______, ______, ______, the state of being a _______, penalty, _______, family relations,
alienage, ______, insolvency and ______. The ______ of these _______ are governed in
this Code, _______ codes, the _______ of Court, and in _______ laws. Capacity to act is
not _______ on _______ of religious belief or political _______.
A married woman, ______years of age or over, is _______ for all acts of _______ life,
_______ in cases _______ by law. (n)
CHAPTER 2
NATURAL PERSONS
Art. 40. Birth determines ______; but the _______ child shall be _______ born for all
_______ that are _______ to _______, provided it be _______ later with the _______
specified _______ the _______ article. (29a)
Art. 41. For civil _______, the ______ is considered born if it is alive at the time it is
completely ______ from the _______ womb. _______, if the fetus had an ______ life of
less than ______ months, it is not _______ born if it dies within _______ hours after its
_______ delivery from the _______ womb. (30a)
Art. 42. Civil personality is ______ by death.

The _______ of death _______ the _______ and obligations of the _______is _______ by
_______, by contract and by _______. (32a)
Art. 43. If there is a ______ as between ______or more persons ______ are called to
succeed each other, as to ______ of them ______ first, whoever ______ the death of
______ prior to the ______, shall _______ the same; in the ______ ______ ______, it is
______ that they died at the same ______ and _______ shall be no ______ of rights from
one to the other. (33)

CHAPTER 3
JURIDICAL PERSONS
Art. 44. The following are juridical persons:
(1) The State and its ______ subdivisions;
(2) Other corporations, ______ and entities for ______ interest or purpose, ______ by
law; their ______ begins as ______ as they have been ______ according to ______;
(3) ______, partnerships and ______ for private ______ or purpose to ______ the law
______ a juridical ______, separate and ______ from that of each ______, partner or
______. (35a)
Art. 45. ______ persons ______ in Nos. 1 and ______ of the ______ article are ______ by
the ______ creating or ______ them.
______ ______ are regulated by laws of general application on the subject.
______ and associations for ______ ______or purpose are ______ by the ______ of this
Code __ partnerships. (36 and 37a)
Art. 46. ______ persons may ______ and possess ______ ______ ______ ______, as well as
______ obligations and ______ civil or ______ actions, in ______ with the ______ and
______ of their ______. (38a)
Art. 47. Upon the ______ of corporations, institutions and other entities for public
interest or purpose mentioned in No. 2 of Article ______, their ______ and other ______
shall be ______ of in ______ of law or the ______ creating them. If ______ has been
______ on this ______, the ______ and other ______ shall be ______ to similar ______ for
the benefit of the ______, ______, city or municipality which during the ______ of the
institution ______ the ______ benefits from the same. (39a)
Title II. - CITIZENSHIP AND DOMICILE
Art. 49. ______ and the loss and ______ of ______ of the Philippines are ______ by
______ laws. (n)

Art. 50. For the ______ of ______ rights and the ______ of civil ______, the ______ of
natural persons is the place of their ______ residence. (40a)
Art. 51. When the law ______ or ______g them, or any ______ provision ______ not fix
the ______ of ______ persons, the ______ shall be ______ to be the ______ where their
______ representation is ______ or where they ______ their ______ ______. (41a)