-Dr.

Era Upadhyay
AIB, AUR

Outline
Types of pollutants

Source
Effects
Sink & control of primary pollutants
CO, NOx, HC, SOx, Particulates

Effects of pollutant on man & environment

Photochemical Smog
Acid rain

Global warming
CO2 Sequestration

Air Pollution
Air pollution may be defined as the presence in the air of one

or more contaminants in such quantities and of such durations

as may be or tend to be injurious to human, animal or plant life,
or property
Sources of Air pollution
Natural: Natural sources of sulphur dioxide include release from

volcanoes, biological decay and forest fires

Man made sources:

Deforestation
Emissions
Explosives used in wars

Air Pollution classification

Primary air pollutants - Materials that when released pose health risks in

their unmodified forms or those emitted directly from identifiable sources.

Secondary air pollutants - Primary pollutants interact with one another,

sunlight, or natural gases to produce new, harmful compounds

Common pollutants and effects

Six Common Air Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide
Oxides of Nitrogen
Oxides of Sulphur
Particulates
Hydrocarbon

Environmental effects of Air Pollution

CO2, CH4, CFCS

Ozone Depletion

Sulphur Dioxide
Global Warming (Green
House Effect
Acid Rain
Carbon Monoxide
Unburnt hydrocarbon
fuels, HC
Oxides of Nitrogen

Photochemical Smog

Environmental effects of Air Pollution

Photochemical Smog
Acid Rain

Greenhouse Effect
Enhanced green house effect(Global Warming)
Ozone Layer and its depletion
Depletion of stratospheric Ozone

Environmental effects of Air Pollution

Photochemical Smog
Fog (Fog is a cloud that is in contact with the ground) in the atmosphere
condense on the carbon particles of smoke to form smog
London Smog: Formed from Sox particulates and humidity, temp. inversion

humid foggy, stagnant air, air will look sooty, dirty, foggy
Los Angeles Fog (Photochemical Smog): action of sunlight on the

hydrocarbon and the nitrogen oxide

Photochemical Smog

London Smog

Acid Rain

Green House Effect

Green house effect is the rise in the temp. that earth experience because of

certain gases (H2O vapor, CO2, NO, Methane) in the atmosphere absorb
energy from sun
Gases help to trap the energy and maintains earths temperature
Green houses gases: Methane, CO2, NO2 and CFCs
Enhanced Green House effect (Global
Warming)
green house is natural phenomenon
that is responsible for life on earth
But due to industrialization,
concentration of green house gases
increasing making earth warmer
leading to global warming

Ozone layer and its depletion

Air Pollution Control

Source correction Methods
Substitution of raw material
Modification in process
Alternation in equipments
Air Pollution control devices
Gravitational settling chambers
Cyclone collector
Fabric filters
Electrostatic precipitators
Wet scrubbers

Air Pollution Control

Source correction Methods
Substitution of raw material
Modification in process
Alternation in equipments
Air Pollution control devices
Gravitational settling chambers
Cyclone collector
Fabric filters
Electrostatic precipitators
Wet scrubbers

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

Carbon sequestration is essentially the process of transforming carbon in

the air (carbon dioxide or CO2) into stored soil carbon. Carbon dioxide is
taken up by plants through the process of photosynthesis and incorporated
into living plant matter.
As the plants die, the carbon-based leaves, stems and roots decay in the soil
and become soil organic matter. This is the basic process called carbon
sequestration.
Enhancing Natural Sequestration
Artificial Sequestration

How can carbon sequestration help reduce global

warming?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases act to trap heat that

is reflected from the earths surface. This buildup of heat could lead to
global warming
Through carbon sequestration, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are
reduced as soil organic carbon levels increase
If the soil organic carbon is undisturbed, it can remain in the soil for many
years as stable organic matter
This carbon is then sequestered or removed from the pool available to be
recycled to the atmosphere
This process reduces CO2 levels in the atmosphere, reducing the chances of
global warming

Assignment
Case Study
Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster

No mining in Aravalis