Hypothalamus

Master Gland

Posterior
Pituitary
(neurohypophys
is)

Releasing +
inhibiting
hormones

Anterior
pituitary

Stimulate
or inhibit
anterior
pituitary
hormone
production

Antidiuretic
hormone
(ADH)

Kidneys

Hold on to
water

Oxytocin (OT)

Uterus and
mammary
glands

Contractio
ns of labor
causes
Milk let
down

Stores and
releases
antidiuretic
hormone
(ADH) and
oxytocin (OT)

Link between
nervous
system +
endocrine
Psychosomati
c
(Mind over
body)

Diabetes
insipidus

Pain

Somatopsychi
c
(Body over
mind)
Stored in
posterior
pituitary
Stored in
posterior
pituitary
Positive
feedback

Anterior
Pituitary
(Adenohypophy
sis)

Growth
hormone
(GH)

Bones and
muscles

Protein
anabolism
Fat
catabolism

Child
dwarfism

Child:
gigantism
Adult:
Acromegaly

Diurnal cycle
Antagonist:Ins
ulin

Inhibits
glucose

Prolactin
(PRL)

Mammary
glands

Increased
blood
sugar
Milk
production

Galactorhea
Women:
Cessation of
menses
Men:
Impotence

Positive
Feedback

Tropic
Hormones

Thyroid

Stimulating
thyroid

Adrenal
cortex

Stimulate
adrenal
cortex

1) Thyroid
Stimulati
ng (TSH)
2)
Adrenocorticot
ropic hormone
(ACTH)

3) Follicle
Gonads
stimulating
hormone (FSH)

Stimulate
production
of gamete
(Egg/sperm
)

Pineal

Thyroid

4) Lutermizing
Hormone
(LH)

Testes and
the ovaries

Estrogen

Melatonin

Hypothala
mus

Induces
sleep

Body cells

Regulate
biological
clock
Regulate
cell
metabolis
m

T3
Tricodechyrori
ne
T4
Tetralodothyrin
e

Calcitonin
(CT)

Child:
Cretinism
Deformed
dwarfism
Adults:
Myxedema
Sluggish
Gain weight

Skeleton
Kidneys

Lower
blood
calcium

Kidney stone
Osteoporosis

Seasonal
affective
disorder
(SAD)

Inhibited by
light

Graves
disease
(Exophthalm
os,
Autoimmune
)

Lack of
iodine=Goiter

Nervous
(Lose
weight)
Hypocalcemi
a

Examples:
Jet Lag

Antagonist
Parathormone
(PTH)

Parathyroid

Adrenal Cortex

Parathormone
(PTH)

Mineral
corticoid
Aldosterone

Skeleton
Kidneys
Intestines

Kidneys

Raise blood Tetany

calcium
Hypocalcemi
a

Hypercalcem Antagonist
ia
Calcitonin (CT)

Absorb
sodium

Addisons
disease

Aldosteronis
m

Excrete
potassium,
and
hydrogen

Dehydration

Edema

Kidney
Stones

Decrease in
blood
pressure

Increase
blood
pressure

Weight loss

Weight gain

*Most
important
regulator of
blood calcium
Where sodium
goes, goes
water
Antagonist
Atrial
natriuretic
hormone
(ANH),
regulated by
Adrenocorticot
ropic hormone
(ACTH)

Glucocorticoid

Body cells

cortisol

Antiinflammato
ry
Gluconeog
enesis

Addisons
disease

Cushings
disease
-moon face
-buffalo
hump

Increase
blood
sugar

Adrenal cortex

Gonadocortico
id androgen

gonads

Makes
pubic and
axillary
hair

Antagonist
insulin
Regulated by
Adrenocorticot
ropic hormone
(ACTH)
Permissive
Epinephrine

Female:
male like
characteristi
cs

Regulated by
adrenocorticot
ropic hormone
(ACTH)

Adrenal medula

Epinephrine

Various
cells

Fight or
flight

Mimics
nervous
system

kidneys

Excrete
sodium

Where sodium
goes, water
goes

norepinephrin
e

Heart

Atrial
natriuretic
hormone
(ANH)

Antagonist
aldosterone

Pancreas
(Islets of
Langerhans)

Glucagon
(alpha cells)

Liver and
muscles

Increase
blood
sugar

Hypoglycemi
a

Store excess
sugar as
glycogen
(liver
+muscles)

Glucogenol
ysis
gluconeoge
nesis
Insulin (Beta
cells)

Liver
muscles

Glucogene
sis

Body cells

Decrease
blood
sugar
Make cells
more
permeable
to glucose

hyperglycem Antagonist
ia
insulin

Hyperglycemi hyperglycem Store excess

a
ia
antagonist
=diabetes
-glucagon
mellitus type
-growth
1
hormone
4 Cardinal
signs
-polyuria
-polydipsia
-polyphagia
-glucosune

Gonads
Ovaries

Somatostatin
(delta cells)

Pancreas

Inhibits
-insulin
-glucagon
polypeptid
e panc.
-growth
hormone

Pancreas
polypeptide
cells

intestine

Regulates
release of
pancreatic
enzymes

Estrogen

Female sex
organs

Developme
nt of
secondary
characteris
tics

progesterone

Maintain
pregnancy

Fail to mature
sexually

Gonads
testes

testosterone

Male sex
organs

Developme
nt of
secondary
characteris
tics

Fail to mature
sexually

Sperm
production
Placenta

Huaman
chorionic
gonadotropin
(hCG)

uterus

Maintain
pregnancy

Thymus

Thymosin

Cells of
immune
system

Increase
immunity

thymopoietin

Pregnancy
tests

Decrease
immunity

T cells!

Gastric mucosa

Secretin
gastrin cck

Intestines

Regulate
digestion

Ghrelin

hypothala
mus

Boosts
appetite
Lower
metabolis
m

obesity