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12 N
mg
k
0.125 10
=
58
= 2.2 cm
x=
40
20
15 N
?
Q
QUESTIONS
1 What is the net force on each of the bodies
shown in the diagrams in Figure 4.7? The
only forces acting are the ones shown.
Indicate direction by right, left, up and
down.
(a)
(b)
12 N
8N
18 N
6N
8N
12 N
4N
10 N
5N
(c)
10 N
(d)
26 N
(e)
(f)
4N
6N
6N
20 N
20 N
45
74 Core Mechanics
6 A force of 10.0 N is acting along the negative
x-axis and a force of 5.00 N at an angle of 20
with the positive x-axis. Find the net force.
T2
45
T1
T3
45
F
45
Mg
Mg
F
30
84 Core Mechanics
+
Figure 5.16 The two charges and the two masses are
different but the forces are equal and opposite.
?
Q
QUESTIONS
1 (a) Under what circumstances would a
constant force result in an increasing
acceleration on a body?
(b) Under what circumstances would a constant
force result in zero acceleration on a body?
2 A car of mass 1354 kg nds itself on a muddy
road. If the force from the engine pushing the
car forward exceeds 575 N, the wheels slip
(i.e. they rotate without rolling). What is the
maximum acceleration that the car can move
with on this road?
3 The net force on a mass of 1.00 kg initially at
rest is 1.00 N and acts for 1.00 s. What will
the velocity of the mass be at the end of the
1.00 s interval of time?
4 A mass of 2.00 kg is acted upon by two forces
of 4.00 N and 10.0 N. What is the smallest
and largest acceleration these two forces can
produce on the mass?
5 A man of mass m stands in an elevator. Find
the reaction force from the elevator oor on
the man when:
(a) the elevator is standing still;
(b) the elevator moves up at constant speed v ;
(c) the elevator accelerates down with
acceleration a ;
(d) the elevator accelerates down with
acceleration a = g .
(e) What happens when a > g ?
6 A bird is in a glass cage that hangs from a
spring scale. Compare the readings of the
scale in the following cases.
(a) The bird is sitting in the cage.
10.0 kg
30.0 kg
10.0 kg
F = 60.0 N
3.0 kg
5.0 kg
2.0 kg
......
10.0 kg
20.0 kg
10.0 kg
Figure 5.23.
2.0 kg
F = 24 N
86 Core Mechanics
24 Two bodies are joined by a string and are pulled
up an inclined plane that makes an angle of
30 to the horizontal, as shown in Figure 5.24.
Calculate the tension in the string when:
(a) the bodies move with constant speed;
(b) the bodies move up the plane with an
acceleration of 2.0 m s2 .
(c) What is the value of F in each case?
F
4.0 kg
v
8.0 kg
30
Figure 6.15.
Answer
Two-dimensional collisions
Consider a stationary body of mass 12 kg
that is hit by a 4.0 kg mass moving at
12 m s1. The collision is not head-on, and
the bodies move at an angle to the original
direction of motion of the 4.0 kg body as
shown in Figure 6.16 (the view is from the
top). How can we find the speeds of the two
bodies after the collision?
60
30
u
Figure 6.16.
QUESTIONS
1 The momentum of a ball increased by 12.0 N s
as a result of a force that acted on the ball for
2.00 s. What was the average force on the ball?
2 A 0.150 kg ball moving horizontally at
3.00 m s1 collides normally with a vertical
wall and bounces back with the same speed.
(a) What is the impulse delivered to the ball?
(b) If the ball was in contact with the wall for
0.125 s, nd the average force exerted by
the ball on the wall.
3 The bodies in Figure 6.17 suffer a head-on
collision and stick to each other afterwards.
Find their common velocity.
v2
2m
96 Core Mechanics
4 Two masses of 2.00 kg and 4.00 kg are kept on
a frictionless horizontal table with a
compressed spring between them. If the
masses are released, the larger mass moves
away with velocity 3.50 m s1. What is the
velocity of the other mass?
5 A 70.0 kg person stands at the back of a
200.0 kg boat of length 4.00 m that oats on
stationary water. She begins to walk toward the
front of the boat. When she gets to the front,
how far back will the boat have moved?
(Neglect the resistance of the water.)
6 A ball of mass 250 g rolling on a horizontal
oor with a speed 4.00 m s1 hits a wall and
bounces with the same speed, as shown in
Figure 6.18.
(a) What is the magnitude and direction of the
momentum change of the ball?
(b) Is momentum conserved here? Why or why
not?
45 45
sail
fan
fan
barge
(a)
barge
(b)
F/N
5.0 m s1
y
5
12
17
t/s
before
12.0 kg
4.0 kg
24.0 m s1
2.0 m s1
3.0 m s1
v=?
8.00 m s1
45
x
t/s
HL only
19 A student stands on a plate that is connected
to a force sensor that measures the force
exerted by the student on the plate. The
student then jumps straight up. Figure 6.26
is an idealized version of the reading of the
sensor as a function of time. Using this graph
nd the following:
98 Core Mechanics
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
F/kN
force/N
10
8
6
4
2
time/s
0
2.0
10
1.5
HL only
1.0
0.5
t/s
0
F =m
2gh1 +
2gh2
0.5
1.5