583

5.25 Transatlantic telegraph cable

4 TLUMP8
VIN

R2

T1

50 R

T2

VA

T3

VB

T4

R1

VD 0.001 R

VC

i(R1)

i(T1)

Parameter:
RVAL 4810
CVAL 113 F
LVAL 280 mH

Parameter:
GVAL 0
LEN
1

4 TLUMP8 Terminator

R3
3k

i(R3)

Values are for 1000 km

Fig. 5.25.2 Simulation circuit for the transatlantic cable. R1 is introduced to provide a

convenient device to determine the current. Parameter symbols are used to enable global
editing of the component values.

or

i(z, t) v0



C
exp(RCz2/4t)
Rt

(5.25.5 cont.)

where we have used transform No. 23 in Table 1.12.1.

To compare these results with those from PSpice we use the circuit shown in
Fig. 5.25.2. The active part of the cable is made up of four TLUMP8 devices T1 to
T4. A transmission line terminated by its characteristic impedance should appear
to the transmitter as an innite line. The characteristic impedance is, however, a
complex quantity as shown by Eq. (5.25.2) so a simple approximation was used in
the form of another four sections of TLUMP8 so D represents the receiving point.
TLUMP8 is a model of eight RC segments giving a total of 32. Increasing the resolution by replacing the TLUMP8s with say TLUMP32s produced little change.
The reason for using four sections rather than one TLUMP32 is to allow the ready
identication of the intermediate points to see how the waveform changes. All the
internal nodes of the transmission lines are named by PSpice but it is more
unwieldy than the method actually used and the number of available traces are
reduced dramatically (try it and see for yourself, and then try asking
Cadence/OrCAD to explain the conguration!). Each TLUMP8 will represent
1000 km of cable for a total of 4000 km (the actual transatlantic distance is about
4400 km, but the dierence is inconsequential). Values for the resistance and
capacitance are taken from Grivet (p. 405) who gives gures per nautical mile
which may be converted to km as indicated (1 nautical mile1.852 km):
R 8.9  per nautical mile 4.81  km1
C 0.21 F per nautical mile 0.113 F km1
L280 H km1

(5.25.6)