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1. Introduction
The goal of this effort is the development of a simple model
appropriate for bulk power system dynamic studies. It is
valuable to put the model limitations in the context of what
analysis is required. First and most important, this model is
for positive sequence phasor time-domain simulations, e.g.
PSLF or PSSle. Second, the analysis is mainly focused on
how the wind turbine-generators (WTGs) react to
disturbances, e.g. faults, on the transmission system. Third,
the model provides for calculation of the effect of wind speed
fluctuation on the electrical output of the WTG. Details of the
device dynamics have been substantially simplified.
Specifically, the very fast dynamics associated with the
control of the generator converter have been modeled as
algebraic (i.e. instantaneous) approximations of their response.
Representation of the turbine mechanical controls has been
simplified as well. The model is not intended for use in short
circuit studies.
2. Model Overview and Philosophy
2.1
Fundamentals
A simple schematic of the GE Wind System is shown in
Figure 2-1. The GE WTG generator is unusual from a system
simulation perspective. Physically, the machine is a relatively
conventional technology wound rotor induction (WRI)
machine. However, the key distinction is that this machine is
equipped with a solid-state AC excitation system. The AC
excitation is supplied through an ac-dc-ac converter. For the
G E Power Systems Energy Consulting
Robert W. Delmerico
GE Research
Niskayuna, NY
1977
2.2
Overall Model Structure
From a loadflow perspective, conventional generator and
transformer are used for initialization of the dynamic
simulation progam. Details are presented in Section 3. The
dynamic models presented here are specific to the GE WTG.
The implementation is structured in a fashion that is somewhat
similar to other conventional generators. To construct a
complete WTG model, four device models are used, as shown
in Figure 2-2:
GeneratorNetwork Interface (equivalent of the generator
plus convener)
WTG Electrical Control (includes closed and open loop
reactive power controls, current limits, and high/low
voltage trips. Provision for other system level features e.g. governor function for future applications)
Turbine (mechanical controls, including Blade Pitch
control and overlunder speed trips)
e
Wind Power (maps from wind speed to shaft mechanical
power for the turbine)
Dynamic Model
4.1
GeneratortNetworkInterface Model
This model is the physical equivalent of the generator and
converter hardware. It provides the interface between the
WTG electrical controller and the network, and contains no
control functions or user settable functions. As mentioned
above, unlike a conventional generator model it contains no
mechanical state variables.for the machine rotor - these are
included in the turbine model. Further, unlike conventional
1978
.. .......
. . ... .
1979
1980
1.0
0.0
:
0.7
1.0
1.2
Parameter
Nome
T"
I
I
Recommended
Value
0.5
UserAdiustoble?
Yes
Reouired?
Yes, i / K p or Ki
1981
Voltope Condition
user.
Table 4-3 Turbine Parameters
4.4
a = K~ (wlv)
(2)
Kb
56.6
69.5
OveriUnder
! R /
Speed Trip
Logic:
speed > mm
a p e d < mi"
P
",
1982
1983