TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
1.1 Bluetooth Overview.4
1.2 History of Bluetooth..........................7
1.3 Motivation to Introduce Bluetooth Technology.....................9
2.0 FOUNDATION OF BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
2.1 Bluetooth Protocol Stack...10
2.2 Bluetooth Profiles....13
2.3 Bluetooth Configuration..14
2.4 Bluetooth Topologies.....15
3.0 BLUETOOTH APPLICATION FIELDS
3.1 Medical Fields..17
3.2 Consumer Electronics.19
3.3 Car..20
3.4 Fitness&Sports.........21
3.5 Home Automation.23
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

ABSTRACT
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that uses low-energy radio waves to send wireless data
between Bluetooth-enabled devices. It's similar to Wi-Fi in that it operates over radio waves.
However, Bluetooth can work between any two enabled devices and does not require additional
network equipment such as routers or modems, making it a popular choice for sending data
between mobile electronics over close ranges.
This report represents the overall understanding of Bluetooth technology: Bluetooth overview,
motivation to implement the Bluetooth technology, key features, etc. Also we go through the

History of Bluetooth, the origin of logo and name. Almost everybody has Bluetooth on their
phones but only few of the users know that. Bluetooth will also be presented from the technical
side: how Bluetooth works, what are the protocol model, Bluetooth configuration, topologies,
and profiles. And, finally, we identify in what fields Bluetooth is used by providing the examples
from the real world.

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO BLUETOOTH

1.1 Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth is a cable-replacement technology designed to wirelessly connect peripherals, such
as mice and mobile phones, to your desktop or laptop computer and to each other. An
inexpensive, low-power, short-range radio-based technology, Bluetooth is not a wireless
networking solution, such as AirPort. Rather, it is an alternative to the IrDA (Infrared Data
Association) standard. Although the IrDA standard, too, supports wireless communication
between peripherals and computers, it has two limiting requirements. First, IrDA devices must
3

be very close, no more than about 1 meter apart. Second, the communicating devices must
have a direct line of sight to each other. Because it relies on radio waves, however, Bluetooth
communication overcomes these strict requirements:

Bluetooth devices can communicate at ranges of up to 10 meters.

Bluetooth devices do not need to be in direct sight of each other.

This makes Bluetooth communication much more flexible and robust. Its also important to note
that because Bluetooth excels at low-bandwidth data transfer, it is not intended as a
replacement for high-bandwidth cabled peripherals. For high-bandwidth devices, such as
external hard drives or video cameras, cables are still the best option.
Bluetooth key features are presented below:
Open specification: The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) has produced a specification for
Bluetooth wireless communication that is publicly available and royalty free. To help foster
widespread acceptance of the technology, a truly open specification has been a fundamental
objective of the SIG since its formation.
Short-range wireless: There are many instances of short-range digital communication among
computing and communications devices; today much of that communication takes place over
cables. These cables connect to a multitude of devices using a wide variety of connectors with
many combinations of shapes, sizes and number of pins; this plethora of cables can become
quite burdensome to users. With Bluetooth technology, these devices can communicate without
wires over a single air-interface, using radio waves to transmit and receive data. Bluetooth
wireless

technology

is

specifically

designed

for

short-range

(nominally

10

meters)

communications; one result of this design is very low power consumption, making the
technology well suited for use with small, portable personal devices that typically are powered
by batteries.
Voice and data: Traditional lines between computing and communications environments are
continually becoming less distinct. Voice is now commonly transmitted and stored in digital
formats. Voice appliances such as mobile telephones are also used for data applications such
as information access or browsing. Through voice recognition, computers can be controlled by
voice, and through voice synthesis, computers can produce audio output in addition to visual
output. Some wireless communication technologies are designed to carry only voice; others
4

handle only data traffic. Bluetooth wireless communication makes provisions for both voice and
data, and thus it is an ideal technology for unifying these worlds by enabling all sorts of devices
to communicate using either or both of these content types.
Anywhere in the world: The telecommunications industry is highly regulated in many parts of the
world. Telephone systems, for example, must comply with many governmental restrictions, and
telephony standards vary by country. Many forms of wireless communications are also
regulated; radio frequency spectrum usage often requires a license with strict transmission
power obligations. However, some portions of the available radio frequency spectrum may be
used without license, and Bluetooth wireless communications operate within a chosen
frequency spectrum that is unlicensed throughout the world (with certain limitations and
restrictions that are discussed later in the book). Thus devices that employ Bluetooth wireless
communication can be used unmodified, no matter where a person might be.
The Bluetooth technology addresses the following major concerns:
Convenience. Bluetooth eliminates nest of wires and cords behind the computer desk, and
promises that business need to be crippled anymore by the requirement to purchase and carry
along numerous proprietary cables to connect their notebooks, mobile phones, and other
devices while on the move. It offers hassle-free data synchronization among devices belonging
to the same network.

Interoperability. To enable interoperability Bluetooth technology ensures that the devices are
capable of communicating with each other regardless of the manufacturer of the device.
The Bluetooth specification assured enhanced interoperability over version in Bluetooth
products by

Reducing the number of options

Restricting the range of parameters

Including number of clarifications and corrections

Supporting several profile enhancements

Reliability. Reliability is concerned with robustness of the protocol. The Bluetooth technology
implements three techniques to ensure the protocol reliability: Frequency-hopping Code Division
Multiple Access (FH-CDMA), Error Correction and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI).
In brief, FH-CDMA minimizes the possibilities of interference within the Bluetooth network as
well as with other radio-link systems such as Home RF, Microwaves, etc. Error correction
ensures the validity of the data using Forward Error Correction (FEC) and packet retransmission. RSSI reduces the power consumption for radio wave transmission by determining
the appropriate power needed for the satisfactory communication between a pair of nodes. This
reduces the occurrence of transmission collisions so that performance degradation is
minimized.
Speed. Bluetooth wireless technology facilitates high-quality voice and data transmission. It is
designed to be fully functional even in very noisy environments, and its voice transmissions are
audible even under noisy conditions. It provides a transmission speed of 1 Mbps and its
aggregate capacity handles up to free voice channels simultaneously. The asynchronous
channel can support maximal 723.2 kbps asymmetric or 433.9 kbps symmetric.
Power. Bluetooth technology puts a limit on the radio transmitters output power according to the
demands of the specific connection. A Bluetooth receiver with the help of RSSI can determine
the approximate transmission power (golden transmit power) to be used by the transmitter to
alter its power levels dynamically, thereby enabling enhanced control over power consumption.
Security. Bluetooth is basically a technology providing a wireless communication solution
between devices. Its three built-in features provide for secure data and/or voice transmission,
authentication, encryption and transmission level security.
1.2 History of Bluetooth
The birth of Bluetooth technology dates back to the early days in 1990s. The Bluetooth initiative
was first contemplated at Ericsson. Specifically, a study was started at Ericssons mobile
communication center in 1994 to develop a low power and a low cost radio interface between
wireless phones and their accessories. The study proved that a short range radio link was
feasible. Ericsson realized that they needed other companies help to further develop this
solution. This brought not only the improvement of the technique but brought also a broad
market support in the business area of PC hardware, portable computers, and mobile phones.
6

Ericsson

Mobile

Communications,

Intel,

IBM,

Toshiba, and Nokia mobile phones formed a Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998. In July 1999,
the Bluetooth SIG published version 1.0 of the Bluetooth specification. In December 1999, four
new promoter companies 3Com, Agere, Microsoft and Motorola- joined the Bluetooth SIG.
Since then, the awareness of Bluetooth wireless technology has increased, and many other
companies have joined the Bluetooth SIG as adopters, which give them a royalty-free license to
produce Bluetooth-enabled products. Adopter companies also have early access to
specifications and the ability to comment on them. Interest in the Bluetooth SIG has grown, and
there are currently more than 2000 member companies. These companies represent academia
and a variety of industries. Figure 1 shows the timeline of Bluetooth SIG.

Figure 1
Bluetooth is notable in the high-technology industry in several respects, but in particular its
name garners much attention. The idea for the Bluetooth name came from Jim Kardach of Intel,
who was reading a historical novel about Vikings and King Harald Bltand at the time. Most
new industry initiatives are known by a name that describes their associated technology or its
application and often they quickly become known by an acronym describing the full name. Why
wasn't the technology called, for example, "Short-Range Wireless Radio," or SRWR, or some
other descriptive name? The answer lies in the heritage (and perhaps the whimsy) of the
original inventors. There are numerous histories and accounts of the Bluetooth namesake and
how that name came to be chosen; the generally accepted story and facts are cited here.
Harald Bltand was King of Denmark from approximately A.D. 940 to 985. During his reign King
Harald is reported to have united Denmark and Norway and to have brought Christianity to
Scandinavia. Apparently "Bltand" translates, at least loosely, to "Blue Tooth." The origins of this
name are uncertain, although it was relatively common during this time for kings to have a
distinguishing name. (Some histories say that the name is attributed to Harald's dark
7

complexion; some accounts even indicate that King Harald was known for teeth of a bluish hue
resulting from his fondness for blueberries, although this is probably folklore.) For a technology
with its origins in Scandinavia, it seemed appropriate to the SIG founders to name the
organization that was intended to unify multinational companies after a Scandinavian king who
united countries. Thus was born the Bluetooth name, which initially was an unofficial code name
for the project but today has become the trademark name (see footnote 1 on page 3) of the
technology and the SIG. Figure 2 shows the Bluetooth logo and the origin of the logo, inspired
by the initials "H B" for Harald Bluetooth.

Figure 2
1.3 Motivation to Introduce Bluetooth Technology
It was very inconvenient to connect electronic devices with a lot of cables, which are difficult to
control. Computer and cellular phone users commonly view this process as a hassle. Therefore
there was a need to invent something that could help to connect the devices much easier
without using cables. The main reason to implement Bluetooth Technology was cable
replacement.
In 1994, Ericsson Mobile Communications initiated a study in the southern parts of Sweden in
order to find a low-power and low-cost radio technology for cable replacement. Mobile handsfree devices and other accessories were somewhat limited in that they ironically needed a wire
to connect to the wireless phone, and this type of radio technology could remedy the problem.
While working on creation of cable replacement technology, the following requirements were
settled:

Bluetooth technology must be low power. As it is designed for mobile devices, it must be
able to run on batteries. It must also be lightweight and small enough not to intrude on
the design of compact mobile devices such as cellular phones, headsets, and PDAs.

Bluetooth technology must be low cost. If Bluetooth technology is to replace cables, it

can't be much more expensive than a cable or nobody will buy it. At that time a data
cable for a cellular mobile phone was about $10. Allocate half the cost of the cable to
each end of the link and it's obvious that for a cable replacement technology to be
attractive on purely financial grounds, each unit should cost no more than $5. So, the
two ends of the link should cost the same as the cable they replace.

Bluetooth technology had to enable both speech and data transmission, preferably at the
same time.

Bluetooth technology had to work around the world.

2.0 FOUNDATION OF BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

How does Bluetooth work?
Bluetooth takes the information normally carried by a wire and transmits it at a special frequency
to another Bluetooth device. Both the sending and receiving devices have what is called a
Bluetooth receiver chip, which translates data into a wireless transmission and then back to
normal again, depending on if it is sending or receiving data. Figure 3 shows the Bluetooth kit.

Figure 3

2.1 Bluetooth Protocol Stack

Bluetooth protocol stack determines the wireless communication between different devices
using Bluetooth technology. It is the core of the Bluetooth specification and defines the working
of Bluetooth technology. In order to configure and develop Bluetooth protocol stack for safety
related systems, it is necessary to get a more detailed understanding of the implementation of
the upper and lower layers in the Bluetooth protocol stack. Figure 4 shows the Bluetooth
protocol stack with its upper and lower layers, and with HCI as interface between them.

Figure 4

Lower Layers
The lower layers of Bluetooth protocol stack are radio, baseband, and link manager, which are
resided in the Bluetooth controller an HCI interface.
Radio Layer
The lowest layer of the Bluetooth protocol stack is the radio (RF) layer. This is the physical layer
and operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band. It is responsible for the modulation and
10

demodulation of data into RF signals for the wireless transmission. This layer describes the
physical characteristics of Bluetooth transceiver component, which include modulation
characteristics, radio frequency tolerance, and sensitivity level.
Baseband Layer
Baseband layer is the second layer and it is above the radio layer. The baseband layer
manages physical channels and physical links, and it is responsible for properly formatting data
for transmission to and from the radio layer.
Together with a Link Controller (LC) and Link Management Protocol (LMP), it provides link level
routines, such as link connection and power control.
The baseband layer also manages synchronous and asynchronous links, handles packets, and
does paging and inquiry procedures for the available Bluetooth devices in the network. Apart
from these services, the baseband layer also provides other services like error correction, data
whitening, hop selection, security, and safety methods.
Link Management Protocol (LMP)
With Link Management Protocol, the link manager establishes, controls, and configures logical
links and logical transports. Additionally, it also updates parameters related to physical links
between the devices. The link manager translates the Host Controller Interface (HCI)
commands to baseband level operations.
HCI Interface
Host Controller Interface (HCI) is the interface layer that acts as a boundary between the lower
layers and the upper layers of the Bluetooth protocol stack. It provides a command interface to
the baseband controller and link manager, from which it gives access to hardware status and
control registers. Bluetooth baseband capabilities can be accessed using the interface.

Upper Layers
With HCI as interface, the upper layers of the Bluetooth protocol stack consist of Logical Link
Control and Adaption Protocol (L2CAP), Radio Frequency Communication (RFCOMM) and
Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) layers.
Logical Link Control and Adaption Protocol (L2CAP)
11

The first of these upper layers is the L2CAP layer, where L2 (LL) represents Logical Link.
L2CAP resides in the data link layer and provides connection-oriented and connectionless data
services to upper layer protocols with protocol multiplexing capability, segmentation and
reassembly operation, and group abstractions. L2CAP allows the layers above it and
applications to transmit and receive L2CAP data packets up to 64 kilobytes in length.
L2CAP supports Asynchronous Connectionless Links (ACL); therefore, it is defined only for data
traffic such as file, audio/video transfer. With protocol multiplexing, L2CAP distinguishes
between upper layer protocols such as the Service Discovery Protocol (SDP), RFCOMM, and
telephony control.
L2CAP layer employs the concept of channels. With channel identifier, it keeps the track of
data packets from which source they come from and to which destination they are destined. A
channel can be imagined as a logical representation of the data flow between the L2CAP layers
in remote devices. Bluetooth ACL data applications or higher layer protocols use L2CAP layer to
communicate with baseband through HCI or directly with the link manager. As L2CAP layer
plays an important role in the communications between the upper and lower layers of the
Bluetooth protocol stack, it is a required part of every Bluetooth system.
Radio Frequency Communication (RFCOMM)
RFCOMM resides above the L2CAP layer. It is a simple transport protocol. It can provide up to
60 simultaneous connections (RFCOMM channels) between two Bluetooth devices. The
RFCOMM connection to the lower layers of the Bluetooth protocol stack is defined through the
L2CAP layer. RFCOMM communication between the devices takes place with direct Bluetooth
link connection called communication segment/ Using RFCOMM, Bluetooth can act as a
replacement for serial cable and supports configuration with Bluetooth wireless technology at
one side and a wired interface on the other side.
Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
This protocol is for applications to discover the available Bluetooth services for both Bluetooth
servers and clients, and to determine the characteristics of those available services like Object
Exchange (OBEX) for file transfer, TCP/UDP/IP to provide reliable connection at the transport
layer with Internet Protocol (IP), WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) for Internet communication
and advanced telephony service, etc.

12

SDP provides a means for applications to query services and characteristics of services. Unlike
in a LAN connection, in which one connects to a network and then find devices, in a Bluetooth
environment one finds the devices before one finds the service. I

2.2 Bluetooth Profiles

In addition to the protocols, Bluetooth profiles have been defines by the Bluetooth SIG. A
Bluetooth profile defines standard ways of using selected protocols and protocol features that
enable a particular usage model. In other words, it defines how different parts of the Bluetooth
specification can be used for a particular use case. A profile can be described as a vertical slice
through the protocol stack. It defines options in each protocol that are needed for the profile.
The dependency of the profiles on protocol layers and features varies. Two profiles may use a
different set of protocol layers and a different set of features within the same protocol layer.
A Bluetooth device can support one or more profiles. The four basic profiles are the Generic
Access Profile (GAP), the Serial Port Profile, the Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP),
and the Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP).

The GAP is the basis of all other profiles. Strictly speaking, all profiles are base on the
GAP. GAP defines the generic procedures related to establishing connections between
two devices, including the discovery of Bluetooth devices, link management and
configuration, and procedures related to the use of different security levels.

The SDAP describes the fundamental operations necessary for service discovery. This
profile defines the protocols and procedures to be used by applications to locate
services in other Bluetooth-enabled devices.

The SPP defines the requirements for Bluetooth devices necessary for setting up
emulated serial cable connections using RFCOMM between two per devices. SPP maps
to the RFCOMM protocol directly and enables legacy applications using Bluetooth
wireless technology as a cable replacement.

The GOEP is an abstract profile on which concrete usage case profiles can be built.
These are profiles using OBEX. The profile defines all elements necessary for support of
the OBEX usage models (examples: file transfer. Synchronization, or object push).
13

2.3 Bluetooth Configuration

Masters, Slaves, Slots, and Frequency Hopping
Bluetooth devices can operate in two modes: as a Master or as a Slave. It is the Master that
sets the frequency hopping sequence. Slaves synchronise to the Master in time and frequency
by following the Master's hopping sequence.
Every Bluetooth device has a unique Bluetooth device address and a Bluetooth clock. The
baseband part of the Bluetooth specification describes an algorithm which can calculate a
frequency hop sequence from a Bluetooth device address and a Bluetooth clock. When Slaves
connect to a Master, they are told the Bluetooth device address and clock of the Master. They
then use this to calculate the frequency hop sequence. Because all Slaves use the Master's
clock and address, all are synchronised to the Master's frequency hop sequence.
In addition to controlling the frequency hop sequence, the Master controls when devices are
allowed to transmit. The Master allows Slaves to transmit by allocating slots for voice traffic or
data traffic. In data traffic slots, the Slaves are only allowed to transmit when replying to a
transmission to them by the Master. In voice traffic slots, Slaves are required to transmit
regularly in reserved slots whether or not they are replying to the Master. The Master controls
how the total available bandwidth is divided among the Slaves by deciding when and how often
to communicate with each Slave. The number of time slots each device gets depends on its
data transfer requirements. The system of dividing time slots among multiple devices is called
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM).

2.4 Bluetooth Topologies

Bluetooth wireless networks can be implemented in two network topologies: piconets and
scatternets, A piconet is a collection of Slave devices operating together with one Master device.
They can take the form of a poin-to-point design where only one Slave and Master exist in a
network, or they can take on a point-to-multipoint design where one Master is connected to
many Slaves in a network. Figure 5 shows a point-to-multipoint architecture where the Master
becomes the head of the piconet and also serves as the central controller. The Bluetooth
14

specification limits the number of slaves to seven within a piconet. Should other devices be
present within a piconet, they should not be active or will be considered Parked.

Figure 5

All devices in a piconet adhere to the same frequency hopping and timing provided by the
Master, and a direct link is only made between the Master and Slave, not directly between
Slaves. Thus, communication between Slaves must be routed through the Master.
The overlap of one piconet over another results in the formation of a scatternet. As Figure 6
illustrates, when such an overlap occurs, a Master of one piconet has to serve as a Slave of
other piconet. No device can serve as a Master of two piconets. When a Slave from one piconet
wishes to communicate with another Slave from another piconet, both Masters from each
piconet must be involved in the relay of packets across the piconets. As additional piconets
overlap, it is possible for one Master to serve as a Slave of two piconets. In such a scenario, this
Master/Slave acts as a network bridge and router across piconets. However, such a multi-hop
scenario poses performance degradation issues due to the presence of time switching among
piconets, as well as potential signal interference from adjacent piconets.

15

Figure 6

3.0 BLUETOOTH APPLICATION FIELDS

Bluetooth-enabled devices apply to wide and diverse application areas such as Medical
Practice, Consumer Electronics, Cars, Home, Fitness&Sport.
3.1 Medical Field
Bluetooth technology is widely used in the medical field, where the technology's resistance to
interference and low-energy use makes it an easy choice for medical equipment that simply
cannot fail without risking a patient's life. New Bluetooth-enabled medical devices appear every
day, but the technology is already used for connecting measurement devices, database
maintenance and tracking patients outside the hospital. Bluetooth provides a lot of benefits in
Healthcare, the main of them are provided below.
Connectivity. Rather than having to read and record results from medical measurement
equipment like stethoscopes, glucose monitors and blood pressure equipment, Bluetooth allows
enabled devices to transmit every reading directly to a central computer or vital signs monitor.
This direct transmission allows doctors to focus on patient care rather than recording data. It
also removes the possibility of human error when compiling medical information. In medical
emergencies and during surgeries, doctors can also see all of the relevant information about a

16

patient's vital signs on a single screen -- without checking multiple devices or wires getting in the
way of the procedure.
Record-Keeping. Research hospitals depend on the quality of medical data to develop cutting
edge advancements as well as manage patients receiving experimental treatments. Bluetooth
connectivity makes comprehensive record-keeping easier by ensuring that any medical reading
is transferred easily and instantly to a central location. Beyond saving doctors time while treating
patients, this connectivity generates an always-updated central data collection that enables
more precise research and faster identification of trends among patients receiving similar care.
In the case of a hospital emergency -- such as the spread of a dangerous infection in a ward -better data also helps doctors identify and address the problem quickly.
Smarter Equipment. Bluetooth-enabled devices not only exchange data, but also instructions.
Just as Bluetooth devices in a home can turn off appliances when motion detectors indicate that
nobody is in the room, a Bluetooth-enabled device like a blood-sugar monitor can send
instructions to alter the rate of an IV drip to better suit the patient's insulin levels. Allowing
medical devices themselves to make these routine determinations saves medical staff time,
while the devices can also send out a distress signal to physicians whenever they encounter a
situation that needs human medical judgment.
Tracking Patients. Outside hospitals, Bluetooth-enabled medical devices monitor outpatient
progress or track patients in need of urgent medical attention. Bluetooth devices such as pace
makers can transmit readings to a smartphone for storage. The patient then presents the data
to the physician on the next hospital visit, or has the smartphone automatically send the data to
the hospital over a wireless connection. In the event of an emergency, a Bluetooth-enabled
device can even prompt a smartphone to make an emergency call -- complete with the patient's
location if the smartphone has GPS capabilities.
There are some examples of Bluetooth-enabled devices used in medical field.
Pulse Oximeters allow to monitor the pulse and heart rate by inserting a fingertip into the
device, without tethering you to one spot.

17

Stethoscopes - The physician focuses on listening to your heart while the stethoscope sends
your information wirelessly to a PC, laptop or mobile device.

Glucose Monitors measures glucose levels and automatically updates your logbook in the
smartphone app, making it easy to share results, manage medication and insulin or track
glucose levels anywhere.

3.2 Consumer Electronics

Consumer electronics devices that will benefit from the availability of Bluetooth are home
entertainment devices such as cameras, televisions, speakers and headphones simplify data
sharing between devices. A Bluetooth mobile phone, for example, can wirelessly connect to a
headset to make hands-free calling easier or can send pictures to another phone or computer.
18

Portable devices such as watches are also looking at the technology to offer new functionalities
to their users. Casio brand, for example, recently added Bluetooth to its G-SHOCK watch that
can send mobile alerts, transfer incoming call/email/SMS alerts from a Bluetooth enabled mobile
phone to the watch, and locate the phone by transferring signal to the phone alarm. More
traditional segments include, of course, laptops and tablets.
Digital Cameras. Bluetooth enabled digital camera allow to send images wirelessly to printer,
mobile device or PC.

TVs connect to the Internet, connect to Bluetooth enabled devices, and stream pictures, movies
and music.

3.3 Car
As technology has gotten increasingly more sophisticated, the age of wireless communication
has been evolving. Nowadays, more and more vehicles are being equipped with Bluetooth
technology, which basically revolutionized wireless communication. This has allowed for a much
easier driving experience while simultaneously reducing the risk of many car accidents. Car
19

manufacturers from BMW to Chrysler to Toyota equip their cars with Bluetooth technology as a
standard equipment. With a compatible Bluetooth-enabled phone, drivers can place and answer
calls as well as browse and select phone book.
The way Bluetooth technology operates within any vehicle may seem rather complicated, but it's
actually quite simple. Basically, there's a wireless Personal Area Network (PAN) signal that gets
emitted by the device or vehicle, this is usually in the form of unobtrusive power radio waves.
These waves usually cover an area with a diameter of about 30 feet, allowing all devices with
Bluetooth technology to communicate with one another when inside of it. When connected
wirelessly to your vehicle, a device's controls and alerts are usually shown on the vehicle's
display. For example, if a phone is connected to your car through Bluetooth, the car's display will
show: incoming calls, contact information, the music library, and other options; all sound is
emitted through the vehicle's stereo.
Because a device's control options are displayed in the vehicle, the risk of car accidents is
reduced significantly, as people won't be fumbling around with their phone or mp3 player while
driving. Another great thing about having Bluetooth technology in your car or truck is that
Bluetooth is virtually universal in technological devices. This means that if a manufacturer uses
wireless PAN technology in their product, the choice is always Bluetooth. So no matter the
product you buy, from no matter what brand name, you can be assured that it will work in your
wireless network as long as it has Bluetooth.
The only downside to getting Bluetooth in your vehicle is that you may need to buy some
additional components to really bring it all together. If you want to talk wirelessly on your phone
while driving your car or truck, you'll need to purchase a Bluetooth headset.
On some vehicles, its even possible to activate these functions using voice commands that
interface with the vehicle itself. Just say, Phone home, and youll be connected in moments,
without having to lift a finger off the wheel.
3.4 Fitness&Sport
Once an athlete understands how the body functions during workouts, then adjustments can be
made to improve the next workout. Bluetooth-enabled fitness equipment can make it easier to
follow exercise routines, with heart-rate monitors and GPS trackers that automatically report
routes or calories burned to smartphones or stereo headphones that stream music from a
mobile device without wires to get in the way of ones workout.

20

Heart rate monitors track the heart rate on a smartphone while an athlet works out and analyze
the data afterward with an app on the phone or online.

Body Monitors track daily workout habits and sleeping patterns using an all-in-one fitness device
like BodyMedia's FIT.

Stereo Headphones allows to Enjoy ones workout by staying pumped up with the favorite
playlist and without coming unplugged.

3.5 Home Automation

21

With a phone, tablet, or laptop in hand, homeowners can control the lights, temperature,
household appliances, window and door locks and security systems in their home. Since most
homeowners already have at least one Bluetooth Smart compatible smartphone or tablet, they
can do this with devices they're already familiar with and know how to use.
People can monitor and control everything from their home security system and lighting to door
and window locks with user-friendly applications. They can even simplify daily tasks by setting
up alerts about their home to be sent to their smartphone.

22

CONCLUSION
Bluetooth offers a very affordable, high-speed, secure, simple and dependable way to
communicate and share data wirelessly. Today as we can see from the research above
Bluetooth technology spans the technology, automotive, medical, entertainment, cars, home,
communications and other fields worldwide.
Bluetooth wireless technology encompasses several key points that facilitate its widespread
adoption:
1) it is an open specification that is publicly available and royalty free;
2) its short-range wireless capability allows peripheral devices to communicate over a single airinterface, replacing cables that use connectors with a multitude of shapes, sizes and numbers of
pins;
3) Bluetooth supports both voice and data, making it an ideal technology to enable many types
of devices to communicate;
4) Bluetooth uses an unregulated frequency band available anywhere in the world.
We think that Bluetooth will have an extremely brilliant future. According to records, the
Bluetooth innovation is anticipated to be developed right into plenty of compared to one hundred
million

gadgets,

with

over

670

million

allowed

Bluetooth

tools.

Arising from the incredible success of WAP (Wireless Application Procedure), the fostering of
mobile phones as well as hand held tools, Bluetooth could conveniently have an impressive
effect on our daily life. Bluetooth is just one of the vital innovations that could assist to make the
mobile info culture take place, by obscuring the probabilities in between house, the workplace,
as well as the outdoors.

23

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2015,

visited

October

2015,

<

http://www.thestudymaterial.com/presentation-seminar/electronics-presentation/51-bluetoothtechnology.html?start=3>
Working

with

Bluetooth

Devices,

2004,

visited

October

2015,

<http://coweb.cc.gatech.edu/sysHackfest/uploads/126/Bluetooth.pdf
Benchmark, 2014, visited 2 October 2015 http://www.benchmarksoundworks.com/bluetooth>

24