Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Topic Page
Executive Summary 2
Introduction 3
Emerging Issues 8
Mobilization 12
References 17
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Executive Summery
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Agricultural development
planning and resource
mobilization
Introduction
Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. About 25%
of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation and is watered by one of the
largest irrigation systems in the world. Pakistan irrigates three times more
acres than Russia. Agriculture accounts for about 23% of GDP and employs
about 44% of the labor force. Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers
and suppliers of the following according to the 2005 Food and Agriculture
Organization of The United Nations and FAOSTAT given here with ranking:
• Chickpea (2nd)
• Apricot (4th)
• Cotton (4th)
• Sugarcane (4th)
• Milk (5th)
• Onion (5th)
• Date Palm (6th)
• Mango (7th)
• Tangerines, mandarin oranges, clementine (8th)
• Rice (8th)
• Wheat (9th)
• Oranges (10th)
Pakistan ranks fifth in the Muslim world and twentieth worldwide in farm
output. It is the world's fifth largest milk producer.
Crops
Wheat Fields in Punjab, Pakistan
The most important crops are wheat, sugarcane, cotton, and rice, which
together account for more than 75% of the value of total crop output.
Pakistan is a net food exporter, except in occasional years when its harvest
is adversely affected by droughts. Pakistan exports rice, cotton, fish, fruits
(especially Oranges and Mangoes), and vegetables and imports vegetable
oil, wheat, cotton, pulses and consumer foods. The country is Asia's largest
camel market, second-largest apricot and ghee market and third-largest
cotton, onion and milk market.
Livestock
According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan, the livestock sector
contributes about half of the value added in the agriculture sector,
amounting to nearly 11 per cent of Pakistan's GDP, which is more than the
crop sector.
The leading daily newspaper Jang reports that the national herd consists of
24.2 million cattle, 26.3 million buffaloes, 24.9 million sheep, 56.7 million
goats and 0.8 million camels. In addition to these there is a vibrant poultry
sector in the country with more than 530 million birds produced annually.
These animals produce 29.472 million tons of milk (making Pakistan the 5th
largest producer of milk in the world), 1.115 million tons of beef, 0.740
million tons of mutton, 0.416 million tons of poultry meat, 8.528 billion eggs,
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40.2 thousand tons of wool, 21.5 thousand tons of hair and 51.2 million skins
and hides.
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• Genetic Base of Commercial Cotton Varieties
• Strengthening of Foundation Seed Cell in Sindh
• Demographic pressure
• Rapid urbanization
• Socio-economic improvement
• Industrialization
• Better recreational facilities
• Improved environment
• Expanded irrigated agriculture
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cultivation besides generating 332 m.w. of power. Feasibility studies for
Basha Dam, Kurram Tangi Dam are underway. Detailed design of
st
Sehwan Barrage and Chashma 1 lift project would also be started.
Phase-II include Basha Dam on Indus with 5.70 MAF storage capacity
and power generation 3360 M.W, Sehwan Barrage on Indus with 0.65 MAF
storage capacity Phase- II of Thar Rainee Canal in Sindh, Phase II of the
Greater Thal Canal and a high Dhoke Pathan and combined storage from
Sanjwal and Akhori Dams in Punjab.
Phase-III would include Kalabagh Dam with Storage capacity of 6.10 MAF,
Yugo Dam on Syhok River in Northern Areas with 9.82 MAF capacity
Skardu Dam with 15-52
MAF capacity and Kalan Dam on Swat River.
• Farmer’s training.
• Precision land leveling/laser land leveling.
• Reduce tillage/resource conservation cultivation.
• Raised bed cultivation.
• Rain water harvesting (Barani areas/Rod Kohi).
• Drip and Trickle Irrigation System.
• Sprinkler Irrigation System.
• Watercourse lining and improvement.
• Water storage reservoir.
• Demonstration centers.
• On-Farm Drainage.
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The conclusion is that Pakistan has so far undertaken a few small-
scale irrigation projects. The need for large-scale reservoirs is imperative. It
takes a decade to build up a dam once the earth breaking ceremony has
taken place. It appears that next decade in view of the changes in climate
and lack of undertaking major water projects both for capacity building and
conservation of resources in delivery and at the farm could be a period of
difficulties. This situation will not only for agricultural water but the
drinkable water for human settlements and for the growing industry
can also pose a serious problem. The solution to this difficult situation is
that Pakistan should immediately go for large-scale capacity building for
reservoirs, conserve water resources through modern agronomic practices
and encourage the adoption of pressurized irrigation system as
sprinkler/drip at least for high value horticultural/ medicinal crops.
Emerging issues
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The cultivable waste land:
According to the experts of MINFAL Pakistan has a total geographical area of
79.6 million hectares. Of this 9.1 million hectares land is cultivable waste
which is fit for cultivation but was not cropped due to lack of water
availability, lack of interest, financial resource constraints etc. Saying that
cultivable waste area is almost half of the cultivated area, the experts said
that development of this area is not only better for investment but also have
potential to contribute to increase in agricultural production.
About half of the cultivable waste area (4.87 million hectors) is in the
province of Balochistan from total 9.14 mh while there are 1.74 mh
cultivable lands in Punjab, 1.45 mh in Sindh, 1.08 mh in NWFP and NWFP.
The number of small farms (less than 5 ha) is continuously increasing over
the time. In
1962, the small farms were 45 percent of total farms whereas in 1972 this
number increased to 68 percent. According to Agriculture Census 1980, the
small farms increased to 74 percent and in 1990 the number further
increased to 81 percent. The leading factor causing this trend is the
burgeoning population, which was growing at 3 percent per annum.
According to Agriculture Census 1990, there are 5.07 million farms in the
country and 81 percent of them are small farms but account for 39 percent
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of total cultivated area. The middle size farms (5-10 ha) are 12 percent and
account for 22 percent of cultivated area. The large farms (10 ha and above)
are 7 percent of total farms but account for 40 percent of total cultivated
area. The average size of small, medium and large farms is 1.8, 6.6 and
21.6 ha respectively.
THE MIDDLEMEN:
The middlemen sometimes secure up to 50 per cent or even more by
exploiting extreme conditions in the market. Farmers cannot sell their
produce directly to processors, factories and markets due to strong network
of middlemen. If farmers take their produce directly to markets, they have to
face many problems due to close links of middlemen with brokers,
commission agents, transporters and market committees. Commission
agents refuse to buy produce from the farmers due to self-created low
demand.
For resolving the problems faced by farmers, the following steps need to be
taken:
2. Bargaining power: If farmers unite, they can easily minimize the role of
contractors in the supply chain. With the farmers’ union, farmers can have a
stronger voice to bargain collectively. Other options could be commodity
exchanges and commodity boards.
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Irrigated agricultural is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. At the same
time with word’s fastest growing population estimated to touch 150 million
marks by the turn of the century, there is a dire need to increase agricultural
production. If nothing is done, there would e approximately 25% shortfall in
food grain requirements by the year 2000, Judging from current (1997) two
million tones import of wheat, by that time, Pakistan could be one of the
major food deficit countries in the world.
Role of PASCO
PASCO is the institution of the Pakistani government which deals with the
purchase of agricultural products like Wheat, Rice, Potatoes, and Sugar etc…
This time, there is a record cropping of wheat. But due to insufficient of
funds, PASCO is not going to buy the wheat on the rate set by the
government. This will create the problems in future regarding the attitude of
farmers and cropping in the country.
Successes:
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In past year Pakistan was facing a number of problems regarding wheat, rice,
sugar etc. but through continuous improvement it covers these sectors,
through availability of products in the market. Like last year sugar crisis was
on the top list, but now sugar is available in the market but at high rate,
that’s why people use it but in less amount. Similarly is the case with potato
sector, Frito-lays is the sub-brand of Pepsi, whose seeds are imported and
planted in lands of Pakistan this is good success for Pakistan agriculture
sector.
Resources of mobilization:
b) The profit earned from the public sector may be utilized for financing
the projects.
c) The government may borrow from its own people for promoting
economic growth.
Private savings are composed of the surplus of private, income, over private
consumption and largely depend upon will to save and power to save of
people.
All kinds of resources inflow that are publicly granted and are made either
from government to government or from financial institutions to a
government, only economic aid is included while military aid is excluded. The
main points of this definition are:
a. Resource inflow
b. Publicly granted
In case of agriculture, Commodity Aid is very important and it is the aid that
is given to Pakistan or any UDC as it helps in advancement of this sector, For
this, we would like to discuss commodity aid.
Commodity Aid
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References
Development Planning In Pakistan by Muhammad Aslam
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan
http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/servlet/XteServlet3?
Areas=359&Areas=165&Areas=318&Items=15&Elements=51&Years=
2005&Format=Table&Xaxis=Years&Yaxis=Countries&Aggregate=&Cal
culate=&Domain=SUA&ItemTypes=Production.Crops.Primary&languag
e=EN. Retrieved 2006-06-03.
http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/fbs/statistics/national_accounts/table4
.pdf
www.minfal.gov.pk
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