Numerical Problems : Electrostatics

LEVEL I
1. Point charges of magnitude q, 2q and 8q are to be placed on a 9 cm long straight line. Find the
positions where the charges should be placed such that potential energy of this system is
minimum.
[Ans: 2q , 8q at the two ends and q at 3cm from 2q ]
2. Water from a metal vessel maintained at a potential of 3 volt falls in spherical drops 2 mm in
diameter through a small hole into a thin walled isolated metal sphere of diameter 8 cm placed in
air until the sphere is filled with water. Ignoring the thickness of the metal calculate the final
potential of the sphere and its electrical energy.
[Ans: 4800 V, 512 10-7 J]
3. An infinite number of charges each equal to q are placed along the x-axis at x = 1, x = 2, x
= 4, x = 8, and so on. Find the potential and electric field at the point x = 0 due to this set of
charges. What will be the potential and electric field if in the above set up the consecutive
charges have opposite sign?
4. A uniform electric field of strength 106v/m is directed vertically downwards. A particle of
mass 0.01 kg and charge 10-6 coulomb is suspended by an inextensible thread of length 1m. The
particle is displaced slightly from its mean position and released.
(a) Calculate the time period of its oscillation.
(b) What minimum velocity should be given to the particle at rest so that it completes a full circle
in a vertical plane without the thread getting slack?
(c) Calculate the maximum and minimum tensions in the thread in this situation.
[Ans: (a) 0.6 sec (b) 23.42 m/s (c) 6.588, Zero ]
5. Two equal charges q are kept fixed at a and +a along the x-axis . A particle of mass m and
charge is brought to the origin and given a small displacement along the (a) X-axis and (b) Yaxis. Describe quantitatively the motion in two cases.
[Ans: (a) SHM , (b) continue to move up along the Y-axis]
6. A strip of length l having linear charge density s is placed near a negatively charged
particle P of mass m and charge -q (as shown in the figure) at a distance d from the

end A of the strip. Find the velocity of P as it reaches a point at the distance d/2 from end
A.

7. A thin fixed ring of radius R and positive charge Q is placed in a vertical plane. A
particle of mass m and charge q is placed at the centre of ring. If the particle is given a
small horizontal displacement, show that it executes SHM also find the time period of small
oscillations of this particle, about the centre of ring. (Ignore gravity)
8. A non-conducting sphere having a cavity as shown in figure is uniformly charged with volume
charge density . Find the potential at a point P which is at a distance of x from C.

9. A particle of charge q and mass m moves along the x-axis under the action of an electric field
E = k c x , where c is a positive constant and x is distance from the point, where particle was
initially at rest.
Calculate :
(a) distance travelled by the particle before it comes to rest.
(b) acceleration at the moment , when it comes to rest.
10. Charges +q and q are located at the corners of a cuboid as shown in the figure. Find the
electric potential energy of the system.

Numerical Problems : Electrostatics-II

LEVEL II

1. (a) Two similar point charges q1 and q2 are placed at a distance r apart in air. If a dielectric slab
of thickness t and dielectric constant k is put between the charges, calculate the coulomb force of
repulsion between them.
(b) If the thickness of the slab covers half the distance between the charges, the coulomb
repulsive force is reduced in the ratio 4 : 9. Calculate the dielectric constant of the slab.
2. Calculate the electric field at the centre of a non-conducting semicircular ring of linear charge
density as shown in the figure.

3. A small ball of mass 2 10-3 kg having a charge of 1 C is suspended by a string of length 0.8
m. Another identical ball having the same charge is kept at the point of suspension. Determine
the minimum horizontal velocity which should be imparted to the lower ball so that it can make
complete revolution in a vertical circle. Take g = 10 m/s2.
4. Four charges are placed as shown in the cartesian co-ordinate system. Calculate the electric
field at point P(0, 0, a)?

5. Two hollow concentric conducting spheres of radius 10 cm and 30 cm are insulated. If the
inner sphere is given a charge 10-4 C and outer 10-6 C, then calculate the intensity at the points P,
Q and R which are situated at distance of 5 cm, 20 cm and 90 cm from the centre respectively.

6. Some equi-potential surfaces are shown in figure (1) and (2). What can you say about the
magnitude and direction of the electric field?

7. A circular ring of radius R with uniform positive charge q is located in the y-z plane with its
centre at the origin O. A particle of mass m and positive charge q is projected from the point P
[ 3R , 0 , 0 ] on the positive x-axis directly towards O , with initial speed V. Find the smallest
(non zero) value of the speed such that the particle does not return to P.
8. A very long uniformly charged thread oriented along the axis of a circle of radius R rests on its
centre with one of the ends. The charge of the thread per unit length is . Find the flux of the
vector E across the area enclosing the circle.
9. An Aluminium rod of length l having net charge Q is placed in front of a small charged
Aluminium ball of mass m and charge q at a distance l/2 from centre. If the space
between the strip and ball offers negligible resistance to the motion of ball then find the velocity
with which it reaches a distance x from the strip. (The charge distribution on Aluminium rod is
uniform and it is fixed).

10. In the arrangement shown in figure, three concentric conducting shells are shown. The charge
on the shell of radius b is qo . If the innermost and outermost shells are connected to the earth ,

find their charge densities and the potential on the shell of radius b in terms of a and qo.
Given that a : b : c = 1 : 2 : 4

Numerical Problems : Capacitor

LEVEL I

1. Find the equivalent capacitance between the ends P and Q. The plates are of area A, and the
distance between them is d. The dielectric constants are k1 and k2 where k1 = 2 and k2 = 4 of
material.

2. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor, having area A , are maintained at constant potential
difference V . If the initial separation between the plates is d , find the work done in
increasing the separation of plates to 2d .

3. A 1 F and a 2F capacitor are connected in series across a 1200 V supply. (a) Find the charge
on each capacitor and the voltage across each capacitor. (b) The charged capacitors are
disconnected from the line and from each other, and are now reconnected with terminals of like

charge connected together. Find the final charge on each capacitor and the voltage across each
capacitor.
4. A capacitor is filled with two dielectrics of the same dimensions but of dielectric constant 2
and 3 respectively. Find the ratio of capacities in the two possible arrangement.

5. A battery of 10 V is connected to a capacitor of capacity 0.1F. The battery is now removed and
this capacitor is connected to a second uncharged capacitor. If the charge is equally distributed
on these two capacitors, find the total energy stored in the two capacitors. Find the ratio of final
energy to the initial energy.
6. The distance between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is 0.05m. A field of 3 104 V/m is
established between the plates and an uncharged metal plate of thickness 0.01 m is inserted into
the capacitor parallel to its plate. Find potential difference
(a) Before the introduction of the metal plate.
(b) After its introduction.
(c) What would be the potential difference if a plate of dielectric constant K = 2 is introduced in
place of metal plate?
7. Two parallel plate capacitors A and B having capacitance 1 F and 5F are charged separately
to the same potential of 100 volt.
Now the positive plate of A is connected to the negative plate of B and negative plate of A to the
positive plate of B.
Find the final charge on each capacitors and total loss of electrical energy in the given system.
8. Two spherical conductors of radius R and 2R, having potential 4V, and 2V are kept isolated.
Find the loss in electrostatic energy if they are connected by a conducting wire.

9. Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B, if the plates have equal area A .

10. In the given circuit diagram, find the charge which will flow through direction 1 and 2 when
the key is closed

Numerical Problems : Capacitor-II

LEVEL II

1. If the area of parallel plates shown in the figure is A and they are placed at distance d
apart form each other, then find the equivalent capacitance between A and B. The two outer
plates are connected with a conducting wire.

2. A capacitor of capacitance 0.1 F is charged until the difference in potential between its plates
is 25 V. Then the charge is shared with a second capacitor which has air as dielectric. The
potential difference falls to 15 V. If the experiment is repeated with dielectric introduced between
the plates of the second capacitor, the potential difference is 8 V. What is the dielectric constant
of the material introduced?
3. Determine the potential difference A B between points A and B of the circuit shown in
figure. Under what condition is it equal to zero?

4. Two metal plates form a parallel plate capacitor. The distance between the plates is given as d
. A metal plate of thickness (d/2), and two dielectric slabs of thickness (d/4) is introduced
between the plates as shown in the figure. If the metal plate is removed find the work done in
slowly removing it. (The plates of capacitor is connected to a battery having potential difference
v)

5. Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B in the circuit shown below. If the ends A
and B are connected across a 12 V cell, find the electrostatic potential energy of the system.
(the capacitance of each capacitor is 100 F)

6. Each capacitor has a capacitance of 5 F. Find the charge that will flow through MN when the
switch S is closed.

7. In the figure shown , determine the potential differences on the plates of capacitors C1 = 3F ,
C2 = 7F , if value of E1 = 12kV , E2 = 13kV

8. Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B , if the plates have equal area A and the
separation between the plates is d

9. A uniform electric field E exists between the plates of a capacitor. The plate length is l and the
separation of the plates is d.
(a) An electron and a proton start from the negative plate and positive plate respectively and go
to the opposite plates. Which of them wins this race?
(b) An electron and a proton are projected parallel to the plates from the midpoint of the
separation of plates at one end of the plates. Which of the two will have greater deviation when
they start with the
(i) same initial velocity
(ii) same initial kinetic energy, and
(iii) same initial momentum?
10. Figure shows a parallel plate capacitor having square plates of edge a and plate separation d.
The gap between the plate is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant k which varies from the
left plate to the right plate as k = ko + x , where ko and are positive constants and x is the
distance from the left end. Calculate the capacitance

Numerical Problems : Current Electricity

LEVEL I

1. A wire of resistance 15 is bent to form a regular hexagon ABCDEFA.

Find the equivalent resistance of the loop between the points (a) A and B, (b) A and C
and (c) A and D.
2. Find the potential difference Va Vb in the circuits shown in figure

3. Find the P.D. between points A and B in the branch of a circuit shown in figure. Which point is
at higher potential

4. In the circuit shown in figure

V1 and V2 are two voltmeters having resistances 6000 and 4000 respectively E.M.F. of the
battery is 250 volts, having negligible internal resistance. Two resistances R1 and R2 are 4000
and 6000 respectively.

Find the reading of the voltmeters V1 and V2 when (i) Switch S is open
(ii) Switch S is closed
5. A galvanometer of resistance 95 , shunted by a resistance of 50 ohm gives a deflection of 50
divisions when joined in series with a resistance of 20 k and a 2 volt battery, what is the current
sensitivity of galvanometer (in div/A) ?
6. A part of a circuit in steady state along with current flowing in the branches, with value of
each resistance is shown in figure. Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor C.

7. Calculate the current through 3 resistor and the power dissipated in the entire circuit shown
in figure. The emf of the battery is 1.8 V and its internal resistance is 2/3

8. A capacitor of capacitance 10 F is connected to a battery of emf 2V. It is found that it takes

50 ms for the charge on the capacitor to become 12.6 C. Find the resistance of the circuit.
9. Three 60 W 120 V light bulbs are connected across a 120 V power line shown in figure. Find
(a) the voltage across each bulbs (b) the total power dissipated in the three bulbs.

10. A heater is designed to operate with a power of 1000 watts in a 100 volt line. It is connected
in combination with a resistance R, to a 100 volt mains as shown in figure what should be the
value of R so that the heater may operate with a power of 62.5 watts.

11. Two resistors 400 ohm and 800 ohm are connected in series with a 6V battery. It is desired to
measure the current in the circuit. An ammeter of10 ohm resistance is used for this purpose.
What will be the reading in the ammeter? Similarly if a voltmeter of 10, 000 ohm resistance is
used to measure the potential difference across 400 ohm, what will be the reading of the
voltmeter?
12. Two cells, having emf. of 10 V and 8V respectively, are connected in series with a resistance
of 24 in the external circuit.
If the internal resistances of each of these cells in ohm are 200% of the value of their emf
respectively, find the current in the circuit.

13. A galvanometer having 50 divisions provided with a variable shunt S is used to measure the
current when connected in series with a resistance of 90 and a battery of internal resistance
10. It is observed that when the shunt resistances are 10 and 50 respectively, the deflection
are respectively 9 and 30 divisions. What is the resistance of the galvanometer ?
14. Find the current flowing through the branch AC in the steady state as also the charge on the
capacitor C. If the externally applied potential are now withdrawn, how will the charge on the
capacitor vary as a function of time? (R = 1k, C = 10 F)

15. In the circuit shown in figure, R1 = 1, R2 = 2, C1 = 1F, C2 = 2F and E = 6V. Calculate

charge on each capacitor in steady state.

Numerical Problems : Current Electricity

LEVEL II

1. A battery of emf 1.4 V and internal resistance 2 is connected to a 100 resistor through an
ammeter. The resistance of the ammeter is 4/3 . A voltmeter is also connected to find the
potential difference across the resistor.
(i) Draw the circuit diagram.
(ii) The ammeter reads 0.02A. What is the resistance of the voltmeter?
(iii The voltmeter reads 1.10 V. What is the error in reading?
2. Calculate the potential difference between the points A and B between the points B and C of
figure in steady state.

3. Find the equivalent resistance of the circuits shown in figure between the points a and b. Each
resistor has a resistance r.

4. In network shown in figure below calculate potential difference between A and B.

5. In the network of resistors each of resistance R as shown in the figure, calculate the equivalent
resistance between the junctions A and E.

6. (a) In the shown circuit all the resistors are of same resistance R = 11 and C = 2F. They are
connected through a battery of 10 V. When cell is switched on, find
(i) maximum current in the circuit
(ii) energy stored in capacitor after time t.

7. In the given circuit (see fig.), E1 = 3 volts, E2 = 2 volts, E3 = 6 volts, R1 = 6, R2 = 2 R3 =

4, R4= 3 and C = 5F. Find the current in R3 and energy stored in the capacitor at steady state.

8. Find how the voltage across the capacitor C varies with time t (figure) after the shorting of the
switch S at the moment t = 0

9. In the circuit shown in figure, a voltmeter reads 30 V when it is connected across 400
resistance. Calculate what the same voltmeter will read when it is connected across the 300
resistance.

10. An ammeter and a voltmeter are connected in series to a battery with emf E = 6.0 V. When a
certain resistance is connected in parallel with the voltmeter, the reading of the latter decreases
= 2.0 times, whereas the reading of the ammeter increases by the same factor. Find the voltmeter
reading after the connection of the resistance.
11. Three equal resistances each of R ohm are connected as shown in figure. A battery of 2 V and
internal resistance 0.1 is connected across the circuit. Calculate the value of R for which the
heat generated in the circuit is maximum.

12. Find the current flowing through the resistance R1 of the circuit shown in figure if the
resistances are equal to R1 = 10. R2 = 20 and R3 = 30 and the potentials of the points 1, 2,
and 3 are equal to 1 = 10V, 2 = 6V and 3 = 5V.

13. Find a potential difference A B between the plates of a capacitor C in the circuit shown in

figure. If the sources have emfs E1 = 4.0 V and E2 = 1.0 V and the resistances are equal to R1 =
10, R2 = 20, and R3 = 30. The internal resistances of the sources are negligible

14. A constant voltage V = 25 V is maintained between points A and B of the circuit (figure).
Find the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the segment CD if the
resistances are equal to R1 = 1.0 , R2 = 2.0 , R3 = 3.0 and R4 = 4.0

15. Consider an alternator chain shown below

Find the equivalent resistance between A and B.

Numerical Problems : Magnetic Effect Of Current
LEVEL I

1. Two straight infinitely long and thin parallel wires are spaced 0.1 m apart and carry a current
of 10 ampere each. Find the magnetic field at a point which is at a distance of 0.1 m from both
wires in the two cases when the currents are in the (a) same and (b) opposite directions (Given
o = 4 x 10-7Tm/A).
2. A beam of protons with a velocity 4 x 105 m/sec enters a uniform magnetic field of 0.3 Tesla at
an angle of 60 to the magnetic field. Find the radius of the helical path taken by the proton
beam. Also find the pitch of the helix , which is the distance travelled by a proton in the beam
parallel to the magnetic field during one period of rotation. [ Mass of proton = 1.67 x 10-27 Kg ,
charge on proton = 1.6 x 10-19 C ]

3. A long horizontal wire P carries a current of 50A. It is rigidly fixed. Another fine wire Q is
placed directly above and parallel to P. The weight of wire Q is 0.075 N/m and carries a current
of 25A. Find the position of wire Q from P so that the wire Q remains suspended.
4. A circular coil of average radius 6 cm has 20 turns. A current of 1.0 A passes through it.
Calculate the magnetic induction at
(a) the centre of the coil
(b) at a point on the axis 8 cm away from the centre.
5. (a) A proton is moving in a magnetic field. The field is into the plane of the page. The velocity
vector lies in the plane of the page, perpendicular to . Describe the motion of proton.
(b) In part (i) , if the radius of the circle is 0.5m and the magnitude of the magnetic field is 1.2
Wbm-2 , find the frequency of revolution and the kinetic energy of the proton.
Charge of the proton = 1.60 x 10-19 C . Mass of the proton=1.67 x 10-27 kg.
6. In the framework of wires shown in figure, a current of i amperes is allowed to flow. Calculate
the magnetic induction at the centre O. If angle is equal to 90, then what will be the value of
magnetic induction at O ?

7. A loop of flexible conducting wire of length 0.5 m lies in a magnetic field of 1.0 T
perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Show that when a current is passed through the loop, it
opens into a circle. Also calculate the tension developed in the wire if the current is 1.57 amp.
8. A beam of protons move undeviated through a region of space having uniform transverse
electric and magnetic fields. These fields are mutually perpendicular and their values are 120 k
v/m and 50 mT respectively. If this beam strikes a grounded target , then what will be the force
exerted by the beam on the larger. Given that beam current is equal to I = 0.8 mA and mass of the
proton = 1.673 x 10-27 kg.
9. A wire is bent in the form of a circular arc with a straight portion AB. If current flowing in the
wire is i, find the magnetic induction at the centre O.

10. Show that the force on a wire between a and b of arbitrary shape of figure is the same as
force on the straight wire between the same two points when they carry the same current from a
to b and are placed in the same magnetic field. Also find the force.

Numerical Problems : Magnetic Effect Of Current-II

LEVEL II

1. A framework AKLA forming three sides of a square is made from a copper wire having crosssectional area 2.5 x 10-6 meter2 . The framework can turn about a horizontal axis AA , as shown
in figure.
The wire is placed in a vertical uniform magnetic field. If on passing a current of 16 amp,
through the wire, the framework deflects through an angle = 20, then what is the value of
magnetic induction? Given that density of copper = 8.9 gm/c.c.

2. The magnetic field existing in a region is given by

A square loop of edge l and carrying a current i , is placed with its edges parallel to the X-Y axes.
Find the magnitude of the net magnetic force experienced by the loop.

3. A regular polygon of n sides is formed by bending a wire of total length 2r which carries a
current i
(a) Find the magnetic field B at the centre of the polygon.
(b) By letting n->, deduce the expression of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular
current.
4. A wire loop carrying a current I is placed in the x-y plane as shown in the figure.

.
(a) If a particle with charge +Q and mass m is placed at the centre P and given a velocity along
NP, find its instantaneous acceleration.
(b) If an external uniform magnetic induction field is applied, find the force and the torque acting
on the loop due to this field.
5. Two long straight parallel wires are 2 meters apart, perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The
wire A carries a current of 9.6A, directed into the plane of the paper. The wire B carries a current
such that the magnetic field of induction at the point P, at a distance of (10/11) m from the wire

B, is zero. Find

(a) the magnitude and direction of the current in B,

(b) the magnitude of the magnetic field induction at the point S,
(c) the force per unit length on the wire B.
6. A very long wire bent at right angle at O. Now current I = 10 A is passed in the wire. Find the
magnetic induction at a point P lying on the perpendicular to the wire at O at a distance d = 35
cm.

7. In the adjoining diagram, a current-carrying loop pqrs is placed with its sides parallel to a
long current-carrying wire. The currents i1 and i2 in the wire and loop are 20 A and 16 A
respectively.
If a = 15 cm , b = 6 cm and d = 4 cm , what will be the force on current loop pqrs ? . What will
be the difference in the force , if the current i2 in the loop becomes clockwise instead of
anticlockwise ?

8. A current i = 5 amp flows through a thin wire as shown in the figure

(a) Find the magnetic field produced by the current at point O in the figure.
(b) If there exists an external magnetic field
Calculate the torque acting on the wire.
9. Two long parallel wires carrying currents 2.5 A and I A in the same direction (directed into
plane of the paper) are held at P and Q respectively such that they are perpendicular to the plane
of paper. The points P and Q are located at distance of 5 meters and 2 meters respectively from a
collinear point R.

(a) An electron moving with a velocity of 4 x 105 m/s along the positive x-direction experiences a
force of magnitude 3.2 x 10-20 N at the point R. Find the value of I.
(b) Find all the positions at which a third long parallel wire carrying a current of magnitude 2.5
amperes may be placed so that magnetic induction at R is zero
10. The diagram shows combination of three cuboidal spaces (1), (2) and (3). Space 1 and 3
contain electric field E as shown while space 2 has magnetic field B. A particle of charge q and
mass m is projected as shown with velocity Vocos i^+ Vosin j^

Find the value of E, so that this particle enters the magnetic field parallel to the x-axis and just
passes through point P along the electric field at that point. Find its speed at P. (Neglect the effect
of gravity)
Numerical Problems : Electromagnetic Induction
LEVEL I

1. An inductor coil stores 32 J of magnetic energy and dissipates energy as heat at the rate of 320
W when a current of 4A is passed through it. Find the time constant of the circuit when this coil
is joined across an ideal battery.
2. It is desired to set up an undriven L-C circuit in which the capacitor is originally charged to
potential difference of 100.0 V. The maximum current is to be 1.0 A , and the oscillation
frequency is to be 1000 Hz. What are the required values of L and C ?
3. A circular ring of diameter 20 cm has a resistance of 0.01 . How much charge will flow
through the ring if it is turned from a position perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 2.0 T
to a position parallel to the field?

4. A coil of inductance 8.4 10-3 H and a resistance of 6 are connected to a 12V battery as
shown in the figure. Switch is closed at t = 0. At what time is the magnetic energy in the coil 4.2
x 10-3Joule ?

5. An inductor-coil of inductance 20 mH having resistance 10 is joined to an ideal battery of

emf 5.0 V. Find the rate of change of the induced emf at t = 0.
6. An inductor-coil carries a steady-state current of 2.0 A when connected across an ideal battery
of emf 4.0 V. If its inductance is 1.0 H, find the time constant of the circuit.
7. An average emf of 20 V is induced in an inductor when the current in it is changed from 2.5 A
in one direction to the same value in the opposite direction in 0.1 s. Find the self-inductance of
the inductor.
8. The figure shows a wire sliding on two parallel , conducting rails placed at a separation l . A
magnetic field B exists in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the rails. What force is
necessary to keep the wire moving at a constant velocity v ?

9. A semicircular copper rod of radius R rotates about an axis passing through one of its ends and
lying in the plane of the rod with an angular speed in a uniform magnetic field B. Find the emf
developed between the two ends of the rod. The field is perpendicular to the motion of the rod.
10. A square-shaped copper coil has edges of length 50 cm and contains 50 turns. It is placed
perpendicular to an extended uniform magnetic field of strength 1.0 T magnetic field . It is
rotated in the magnetic field about one of its diagonal with time period 0.25 s . Find the
magnitude of the value of maximum emf induced in the loop.
Numerical Problems : Electromagnetic Induction
LEVEL II

1. A conducting bar of sufficient length is pulled with a constant velocity in a conducting <
shaped rail as shown in the figure. Inward magnetic field of induction B is present inside the area

bounded by the bar & the rail. Find the external power delivered in moving the rail with constant
velocity v at time t ( A = area of cross section of the bar, = resistivity of the bar)

2. An LR circuit having a time constant of 50 ms is connected with an ideal battery of emf E.

Find the time elapsed before
(a) the current reaches half its maximum values,
(b) the magnetic field energy stored in the circuit reaches half its maximum value.
3. A long solenoid that has 800 turns per meter carries a current i = 3 sin (400t) A. Find the
electric field inside the solenoid at a distance 2 mm from the solenoid axis. Consider only the
field tangential to a circle having its center on the axis of the solenoid.
4. A metallic rod of length l & resistance R is free to rotate about one of its ends over a smooth,
rigid circular metallic frame of radius l in an inward magnetic field of induction B. What torque
should be applied by an external agent to rotate the rod with constant angular velocity ?

5. A sliding conducting bar of mass m, resistance R is released from rest. It starts sliding due to
the current drawn from a battery of emf E, in a steady inward magnetic field. Find the variation
of its speed with time. Also find the terminal speed of the bar.

6. An inductor of inductance 20 mH is connected across a charged capacitor of capacitance 5 F

& resulting L-C circuit is set oscillating at its natural frequency. The maximum charge q is 200
C on the capacitor. Find the potential difference across the inductor, when the charge is 100 C.

7. The current in the inner coil is I = 2t2. Find the heat developed in the outer coil between t = 0
and t seconds. The resistance of the inner coil is R and take b >> a.

8. In the figure shown is a R-L circuit connected with a cell of emf E through a key k. If key k is
closed find the current drawn by the battery
(a) just after the key k is closed
(b) long after the key k is closed

9. A very small circular loop of area 5 x 10-4 m2, resistance 2 ohm and negligible self inductance
initially coplaner and concentric with a much larger fixed circular loop of radius 0.1 m. A
constant current of 1.0 A is passed through the bigger loop. The smaller loop is rotated with
constant angular velocity rad/sec about its diameter. Calculate the
(a) induced emf and
(b) the induced current through the smaller loop as a function of time.
10. A wire in the form of a sector of radius l and of angle ( = /4) having a resistance R is free
to rotate about an axis passing through point O and perpendicular to horizontal plane. A vertical
magnetic field B = Bo k^ exists in the space. If the sector rotates with constant angular velocity
so that Q Joules of heat is produced per revolution, find the constant angular velocity.

Numerical Problems : Alternating Current

LEVEL I

1. If the voltage in an ac circuit is represented by the equation, v = 2202 sin(314t ) V .

Calculate (a) peak and rms value of the voltage (b) average voltage (c) frequency of AC.
2. Find the maximum value of current when inductance of two henry is connected to 150V , 50
cycle supply?
3. A coil of resistance 300 and inductance 1.0 henry is connected across an alternately voltage
of frequency 300/2 Hz. Calculate the phase difference between the voltage and current in the
circuit.
4. A 0.21H inductor and a 12 resistance connected in series to a 220V, 50Hz ac source.
Calculate the current in the circuit and the phase angle between the current and the source
voltage.
5. A capacitor of 10F and an inductor of 1H are joined in series. An ac of 50Hz is applied to this
combination. What is the impedance of the combination?
6. A coil has a inductance of 1 henry.
(a) At what frequency will it have a reactance of 3142?
(b) What should be the capacity of a condenser which has the same reactance at that frequency?
7. A 100mH inductor, a 25F capacitor and a 15 resistor are connected in series to a 120V,
50Hz a.c. source. Calculate
(a) impedance of the circuit at resonance.
(b) current at resonance.
(c) Resonant frequency.
8. Find the value of an inductance which should be connected in series with a capacitor of 5F, a
resistance of 10 and an ac source of 50Hz so that the power factor of the circuit is unity.
9. A voltage of 10V and frequency 1000Hz is applied to a 0.1F capacitor in series with a
resistor of 500 . Find the power factor of the circuit and the average power dissipated.

10. The inductance of a choke-coil is 0.2 henry and its resistance is 0.50 . If a current of 2.0
ampere (rms value) and frequency 50Hz be passed through it, what will be the potential
difference across its ends?
Numerical Problems : Alternating Current-II
LEVEL II

1. When 100Volt D.C. is applied across a coil, a current of one ampere flows through it, when
100V ac of 50Hz is applied to the same coil, only 0.5amp flows. Calculate the resistance and
inductance of the coil.
2. A 50W, 100V lamp is to be connected to an ac mains of 200V, 50Hz. What capacitance is
essential to be put in series with the lamp.
3. A 10F capacitor, an inductor and a resistor of 100 are connected to an alternating source of
emf 200 as shown in the figure. What is the r.m.s current in the circuit and the value of the
inductance if the current and the source voltage attain their maxima simultaneously? What is the
average power consumed in this case?

4. A 200 Km long telegraph wire has capacity of 0.014F /km. If it carries an alternating current
of 50KHz, what should be the value of an inductance required to be connected in series so that
impedance is minimum?
5. A coil of negligible resistance is connected in series with 90 resistor across a 120V 60Hz
line. A voltmeter reads 36V across the resistance. Find the voltage across the coil and inductance
of the coil.
6. An ac source of angular frequency is fed across resistor R and a capacitor C is series. The
current registered is I. If now the frequency of source is changed to ( but maintaining the same
voltage), the current in the circuit is found to be halved. Calculate the ratio of reactance to
resistance at the original frequency .

7. An alternating current of 1.5mA and angular frequency = 300 rad/s flows through 10K
resistor and a 0.50F capacitor in series. Find the r.m.s. voltage across the capacitor and
impedance of the circuit?
8. A 750 Hz, 20 V source is connected to a resistance of 100 , an inductance of 0.1803 H and a
capacitance of 10 F all in series. Calculate the time in which the resistance (thermal capacity 2
J/C) will get heated by 10C. (Ignore radiation)
9. In the circuit shown there is a box and capacitance C connected to alternating power source of
angular frequency of 2 rad/s. Box has power factor and circuit has overall power factor 1. Find
the impedance of the box.

10. In the given circuit, power factor between A and B is 0.5 and over all power factor of the
circuit is 1. Find the value of R and L.

Numerical Problems : RAY & WAVE OPTICS

LEVEL I

1. A thin converging lens forms a magnified image (magnification :p) of an object. The
magnification factor becomes q when the lens is moved a distance a towards the object. Find
the focal length of the lens.
2. A parallel beam of light is incident normally onto a solid glass sphere of radius R ( = 1.5).
Find the distance of the image from the outer edge of the glass sphere.
3. A point object is placed in front of a silvered plano-convex lens of refractive index n, radius of
curvature R, so that its image is formed on itself. Calculate the object distance.

4. A convex lens focuses a distant object on a screen placed 10 cm away from it. A glass plate (n
= 1.5) of thickness 1.5 is inserted between the lens and the screen. Where should the object be
placed so that its image is again focused on the screen?
5. A parallel beam of light tavelling in water (refractive index = 4/3) is refracted by a spherical
air bubble of radius 2 mm situated in water. Assuming the light rays to be paraxial (i) find the
position of image due to refraction at first surface and position of final image. (ii) draw a ray
diagram showing the position of both images.
6. Find the focal length of the lens shown in the figure. The radii of curvature of both the
surfaces are equal to R.

7. A converging lens which has a focal length of 20 cm is placed 60 cm to the left of a concave
mirror of focal length 30 cm. An object is placed 40 cm to the left of lens. Find the position,
nature and magnification of the final image.
8. A cylindrical glass rod has its two coaxial ends of spherical form bulging outward. The front
end has a radius of curvature 5 cm and the back end which is silvered has a radius of curvature 8
cm. The thickness of the rod along the axis is 10 cm. Calculate the position of the image of a
point object at the axis 50 cm from front face (ang = 1.5)

9. A thin bi-convex lens of refractive index 3/2 and radius of curvature 50cm is placed on a
reflecting convex surface of radius of curvature 100cm. A point object is placed on the principal
axis of the system such that its final image coincides with itself. Now few drops of a transparent
liquid is placed between the mirror and lens such that final image of the object is at infinity. Find
refractive index of the liquid used. And also find position of the object.

10. An object of height 2.5 cm is placed at a 1.5 f from a concave mirror where f is the
magnitude of the focal length of the mirror. The object is placed perpendicular to the principal
axis. Find the height of the image. Is the image erect or inverted ?
11. In Youngs double slit experiment the fringe width obtained is 0.6 cm, when light of
wavelength 4800 A0 is used. If the distance between the screen and the slit is reduced to half,
what should be the wavelength of light used to obtain fringes 0.0045-m width?
12. In a Youngs double slit experiment, the slits are 1.5 mm apart. When the slits are illuminated
by a monochromatic light source and the screen is kept 1 m apart from the slits, width of 10
fringes is measured as 3.93 mm. Calculate the wavelength of light used. What will be the width
of 10 fringes when the distance between the slits and the screen is increased by 0.5 m. The
source of light used remains the same.
13. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 6500A and 5200A is used to obtain
interference fringes in a Youngs double slit experiment. Find the distance of the third fringe on
the screen from the central maximum for the wavelength 6500A.
14. In a two-slit experiment with monochromatic light, fringes are obtained on a screen placed at
some distance from the slits. If the screen is moved by 5 x 10-2 m towards the slits, the change in
fringe width is 3 x 10-5 m. If the distance between the slits is 10-3 m, calculate the wave length of
the light used.
15. At a certain point on a screen the path difference for the two interfering rays is (1/8)th of a
wavelength. Find the ratio of the intensity at this point to that at the centre of a bright fringe.
16. Figure shows three equidistant slits being illuminated by a monochromatic parallel beam of
light. Let BP0 AP0 = /3 and D >> .
(a) Show that in this case d = 2D/3 .
(b) Show that the intensity at P0 is three times the intensity due to any of the three slits
individually.

17. Two sources S1 and S2 emitting light of wave lengths 600 nm are placed at a distance of 1.0 x
10-2cm. A detector can be moved on the line S1P which is perpendicular to S1S2 . Find out the
position of first minimum detected.

18. White light may be considered to have from 4000 A0 to 7500 A0 . If an oil film has
thickness 10-6m, deduce the wavelengths in the visible region for which the reflection among the
normal direction will be (i) weak, (ii) strong. Take of the oil as 1.40.
19. Find the maximum intensity in case of interference of n identical waves each of intensity I0 if
the interference is (a) coherent (b) incoherent
20. A monochromatic light of = 5000 A0 is incident on two identical slits separated by a
distance of 5 x 10-4 m. The interference pattern is seen on a screen placed at a distance of 1m
from the plane of slits. A thin glass plate of thickness 1.5 x 10-6 m and refractive index = 1.5 is
placed between one of the slits and screen. Find the intensity at the centre of the screen if the
intensity there is I0 in the absence of the plate. Also find the lateral shift of the central maxima.