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MUNAWAR IQBAL
Centre for High Energy Physics
University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam, Campus, Lahore
Pakistan
JUNG IL SONG
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Changwon National University, Changwon
Republic of Korea
Abstract:
In this study, the simulation of simple bending problem is
performed using an example of cantilever beam which is an important
structural member. The author executed numerical simulations for
simple and cracked cantilever beams using finite element stiffness
method, analytical beam theory, finite element package (ANSYS) and
then verified results with code generated in C++ language. In
conclusions, the comparison of results is tabulated and the graphs
suggested that the finite element method give less deflection as
compared with the results obtained using beam theory for any specific
location along span length. MD-Solid software is used to draw bending
moment and shear force diagram.
Key words: Cantilever Beam, Crack UDL, Beam Theory, FEM
Simulation, C++ , coating, Plasma
Introduction
Cantilever beams are fixed from one end. They carry
loads to the fixed support where shear stresses, deflections and
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
Figure 1: Nodal solution for simple cantilever beam with uniform distributed
load
(2.1)
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
=
(2.2)
[w * L2]
(2.5)
(2.6)
(2.7)
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
0; V ( x) wL wx
(2.9)
0;
M ( x)
wL2
x
wLx ( wx)
2
2
(2.10)
wL2 x 2
wLx 3 wx 4
4
6
24
1
EI
(2.11)
From eq. 2.11 deflection obtained by substituting
respective parameters. Values of displacement and load at
different locations along the beam spam were calculated by
using the assumed cubic displacement function.
v( x)
1
3
2 x
3x 2 L d 2 y
1
3
( x 3 L x 2 L2 ) 2
(2.12)
The deflection of beams is necessary to make several
real world decisions. Many times, maximum deflection on a
beam under a set of loads is required and where it occurs as
well. By using the boundary conditions 1y = 1= 0 in above
equation, displacement at certain length of the beam was
calculated.
Bending moments and shear forces in the present
problem were evaluated based on FEM simulation and beam
theory. The bending moment is given by
M EIv EI
d 2 ( Nd )
(d 2 N )
EI
d
2
dx
dx 2
(2.17)
As d is not a function of x. Or in terms of the gradient matrix B
we have
M EIBd
(2.18)
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
d 2 N 6 12 x 4 6 x 6 12 x 2 6 x
3
dx 2 L2
L L L2 L2 L3 L L2
(2.19)
6 12 x
4 6 x 6 12 x
2 6x
M EI 2 3 d1x 2 1 2 3 d2 x 2 2
L L L L
L L
L L
(2.20)
10wL2 12wLx
M ( x)
24
(2.21)
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
*Igt +
*Icr
(2.32)
Where:
m = experimentally determined exponent
= effective moment of inertia
Icr = cracked moment of inertia
Igt = Moment of inertia of transformed cross-section
Ma = applied moment
Mcr = cracking moment
Now values of above mentioned variables
calculated as mentioned below:
were
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
(2.33)
(2.33)
Ig = gross moment of Inertia = 6666.667 N-mm
= 9.0369N-mm-2
Where
is modulus of rupture and
specific value for each material.
(2.34)
mm4
(2.35)
mm4
(2.36)
mm4 (2.37)
*22866.667+
(2.38)
(2.39)
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
Figure 4:
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
Figure 5:
Conclusion
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
BIBLIOGRAPHY
_________. 2006. ANSYS, Inc., ANSYS FLOTRAN CFD
Analysis Guide. Release 10.0. p. 1.
_________. 2005. Existing stadiums: St James' Park,
Newcastle. The Architects' Journal. 1 July 2005
_________. 1999. James's Park. The Structural
Engineer 77: 21.
Hool, George A., and Nathan Clarke Johnson. 1920.
Handbook of Building Construction. Vol. 1. 1st edition. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
Logan, Daryl L. 2007. A First Course in Finite Element
Method. 4th edition. Delhi: Thompson.
Pytel, A. and F. L. Singer. 1987. Strength of Materials.
th
4 edition. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Skrinar, M., and T. Plibersk. 2008. Transversely
cracked beam's finite elements with a hinged. American
Journal of Applied Sciences, Jan, 2008.
Research Highlights
Simple bending problem was analyses using simple and
cracked cantilever beam example.
Theoretical and Software based simulations were
performed using finite element method, beam theory,
ANSYS and code generated in C++.
A competitive approach was developed to understand
the results and there reliability obtained by theoretical
and software methods.
The constraints of finite element method and benefits of
beam theory were highlighted.
Special C++ code was developed to obtain instant results
of deflection, shear force and bending moments by
putting moment of inertia and any location along spam
length
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Abdul Wasy, Munawar Iqbal, Jung Il Song Finite Element Simulation of Simple
Bending Problem and Code Development in C++
Figure Captions
Figure 1: Nodal solution for simple cantilever beam with
uniform distributed load
Figure 2: (2a) Beam subjected to uniformly distributed load.
(2b)The equivalent nodal forces to be determined
Figure 3: BMD and SFD of cantilever beam in MD Solid
Figure 4: (4a) Nodal results of deflection in SCB,
(4b) Graphical representation of deflection in CCB
Figure 5: Result window of C++ at x=150mmfor CCB
Figure 6: Comparison of displacement obtained by FEM
simulation and beam theory for SCB
Figure 7: Comparison of moment obtained by FEM simulation
and beam theory for SCB
Figure 8: Comparison of shear force obtained by FEM
simulation and beam theory for SCB
Figure 9: Comparison of displacement obtained by FEM
simulation and beam theory for CCB
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This Research was supported by Basic Science Research
Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea
(NRF) funded by Ministry of Education, Science and
Technology under grant no 2012-0008302 and 2012-0009455.
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