Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Portfolio Stats:
Very Large
Aging (+50 years)
Relatively untested
704 Dams
Infrastructure follows Floods,
People Follow Infrastructure
Portfolio Investment
Needs are Large but not
Evenly Distributed
Timing and Justification
for Improved Delivery of
Dam Safety Modifications
is Strong
Dam Safety
Issues
Improved
Delivery
of Dam Safety
Modifications
Dam Safety
Prioritization
Corps of Engineers
Risk Management Process
Instrumentation
Routine
Inspections
Risk
Reclassified?
Periodic
Inspections
Rehab
Construction
Modification
Report
Periodic
Assessments
Remedial
Action?
Routine &
On-Going
Issue
Evaluation
And IRRM
Non-Routine
Activities are
Centrally
Managed
Safety
Concern?
Priorities
Queues
Staging
Investments
Incident or
Special
Event
DSAC I
Focus is Immediate
Rehab Construction
DSAC II
Focus is Further
Study via Issue
Evaluation Studies
DSAC III
DSAC IV
DSAC I
DSAC II
DSAC III
DSAC IV
Slide 9
II
Urgent and
Compelling
(Unsafe)
Urgent
(Unsafe or
Potentially Unsafe)
III
High Priority
(Potentially
Unsafe)
IV
Priority
(Marginally Safe)
Normal
(Adequately Safe)
Characteristics Actions
Actions recommended for each
class and urgency.
Urgency
Class
12
HQ
IWR
Steering
Committee
Senior
Oversight
Risk
Management
Center
Policy &
Proc.
Consequence
Production
RRDX
Risk
Cadres
MSC
DISTRICT
MSC
DISTRICT
MSC
DISTRICT
DISTRICT
DISTRICT
DISTRICT
13
2%
1%
DS Construction
DS Wedge (Construction)
DS Program Management
(O&M)
Budget
86%
% of Dam Safety
Budget
DS IRRM in O&M
$2,947,000
0.7%
DS Construction
$362,550,000
85.6%
DS Wedge (Construction)
$47,750,000
11.3%
$10,000,000
2.4%
$423,247,000
Organizational Competency
Adjustments:
National Centers
Headquarters
Leadership
Risk Management
Center
Denver
Pittsburgh
Louisville
Mandatory Center
of Expertise in
Huntington
Regional
Production Centers
at
Districts
Divisions and
Districts
Sacramento
Vicksburg
Omaha
Mobile/Jacksonville
New England/Baltimore
Huntington
Tulsa
DO NO HARM
10
Chapter 1
Introduction
11
Chapter 2
Dam Safety
Considerations
12
Closure Systems,
6%
Embankment
Erosion, 3%
Embankment
Stability, 3%
Embankment
Seepage and Piping,
77%
13
Chapter 3
Geologic Considerations
14
Chapter 4
Engineering
Considerations
Replaces
portions of Chapter 9 of EM
1110-2-1901
The EM does not cover grouting
USACE has completed major revision
to Grouting Manual EM-1110-23506
EM focuses on VERTICAL cutoff walls
15
Chapter 5
Continuous Trench Cutoff
Walls
Salient
Features
Slurry Supported
Excavation
No Backfill
Restrictions
No Backfill Joints
Non Structural
Low Permeability
Typical
Backfills
Soil-Bentonite (SB)
Cement Bentonite
(CB)
Soil-CementBentonite or Plastic
Concrete (SCB)
Composite Walls
16
Long
Excavators
33
Backfill Equipment
34
17
BASIC TECHNIQUES
Applications
Backfilling
Materials
Applicable
Ground
Conditions
LBLS Excavator
Clamshell
Cut-off walls
Composite Walls
Soil-Bentonite
Cement-Bentonite
Soil-Cement-Bentonite
Alluvial
X(SPT< 100 or
chiseling/pre-drilling)
NA
Hydrofraise
85 ft
180 ft
(450 ft w/ HF)
Soft/weathered rock
Sound rock
Max. Depth
Thickness
Minimum Maximum
Verticality
Permeability
SB < 1E-7 cm/sec
2 to 5 ft
2 to 5 ft
Not an issue
<1% normal
minimum)
Gradient (thickness)
Groundwater Modification
(containment,
18
Dams
& Levees
Dewatering
Landfills (containment/dewatering)
Environmental Remediation
(containment)
Mining / Industrial Processes
Typical Applications
Low
cost
Rapid Construction
Guaranteed Continuity
Very low permeability
Applicable to most soil types
Flexibility: big and small, shallow
and deep
19
Typical procedures
Contractor
Contractor
Contractor
Contractor
pH
Contractor
Material Certifications
Contractor
Water Quality
Contractor
Grain size
Contractor
Permeability
Specific items to be
examined in depth
Contractor
Engineer/Contractor
Continuity
Engineer/Contractor
QC/QA
40
20
AV Watkins Dam
Cement Bentonite Wall
Willard
Reservoir
Dam is 14 miles long
Earthfill Structure
Maximum Ht. = 36 ft
(approx. 20 ft in incident
area)
November 13, 2006;
active piping was noticed
at approx. sta. 639+00
Intervention was
successful in preventing
failure
21
22
23
24
25
Chapter 6
Soil Mix Cutoff Walls
SoilMixCutoffWalls
Deepmixingwallscanbe
installedalongthelongitudinal
directionoftheembankment
forthecontrolofwater
flowingthroughthe
embankmentsectionand
foundationtopreventthe
seepageinducederosion,
pipingorinstability.
26
27
28
TRD Method
(Trench Cutting Remixing
Deep Wall Method)
29
TRDWallConstruction HerbertHooverDike
TRD
TopofExposedTRDWall HerbertHooverDike
Top of Wall
30
SideofExposedTRDWall HerbertHooverDike
Side of Wall
Chapter 7
Element Cutoff Walls
31
Projects
64
32
65
66
33
Cable-Clam Bucket
67
34
69
Mississinewa Dam
Wabash River Indiana
Constructed Mid
to Late 1960s
35
Solution
feature on left
abutment side
of conduit
excavation
View of solution
channel, located at
dam station 51+00,
on left abutment
side
of conduit
excavation
36
Mill Fest
Cutoff Wall
Bottom Elev.
567
37
Beaver Dam
Arkansas
Corp of Engineers
Little Rock District
38
39
40
Leaking
Formation
Navajo Dam
Construction Technique
Drainage Tunnel
Cutoff Wall
41
Drainage
Tunnel and
Grout
Curtain
Drainage Tunnel
Drainage
Tunnel
Navajo Dam
42
43
44
Tanter Gate
EL. 181.00
EL. 125.00
Concrete Cap
Earthy
Limestone
EL. 60.00
EL. 60.00
Shell Limestone
Sandy Limestone
EL. 0.00
Providence Sand
Sequence of Execution
Installation of casings
45
46
47
48
49
Cutoff wall
mbedded
in Zone
New Waddell
1 8 meters
Dam
50
Quality Control
Bentonite Testing
Panel Embedment & Continuity
Panel Verticality
Concrete Testing
Verification Drilling
Dam Instrumentation
101
102
51
Koden Plot
Koden
E
X
C
A
V
A
T
I
O
N
103
Tremie Procedures
Go-Devil utilized
Tremie Pipe Embedment
Chart tremie progress
and quantities
104
52
105
53
Verification Drilling
Purposes:
Techniques:
Concrete Quality
Panel Contact/Joint
Quality
Cutoff-Wall---Rock
Bottom Contact
4 inch core for
Panels
6 inch core for
Panel Joints
107
Panel-Rock Contact
108
54
Destroyed core
55
Cut-off walls
Requirements causing
issues
Specific sections to be
examined in depth
Slurry characteristics
Concrete characteristics
(permeability, strength)
verticality
Tolerances
Sequence of elements
installation
Slurry composition
Slurry treatment
Data management
Accuracy of instrumentation
Chapter 8
Jet Grouting and Other
Methods
56
Process Description
Main Features
57
Definitions
Main shapes
58
1. Drilling
Working sequence
3. Columns completed
GROUT
0-500 bar
59
Winter Operations
60
1.7 m column
As-built drawing
Dewatering operations
61
Reach 11 Dikes
Biopolymer Slurry
Reach 11 Dike
62
Reach 11Dikes
Arizona
Synthetic Slurry
For Trench Support
Steel Frame
for placing
geomembrane
Geomembrane
Areas of Interest
126
63
Slurry
Plastic
Concrete
Structural
Concrete
w/c ratio
>4
> 1.5
< 0.6
UCS [MPa]
[PSI]
< 1 MPa
< 145 PSI
1-5 MPa
145 725
PSI
> 20 MPa
> 2900 PSI
E-modulus (Youngs
modulus) from CCS
[MPa]
< 200
< 1,000
> 20,000
Strain at failure u
[%]
> 1%
0.5 1 %
< 0.5 %
64
State-of-the-Art Presentations
Design and Research Issues
Current Contracting and Procurement Vehicles
Innovative Contracting and Procurement
Methods
Goals and Ways to Achieve Goals
Group Workshop
Group Workshop Reports
Resolution and Plans for the Future
65
66
Contact Details
Dave Paul, P.E., Lead Civil Engineer, USACE
David.B.Paul@usace.army.mil
Gianfranco DiCicco, DFI Trustee (Global Initiatives)
GDCons05@aol.com
Mary Ellen Bruce, P.E., D.GE, DFI Technical Activities Manager
mebruce@dfi.org
Theresa Rappaport, DFI Executive Director
trappaport@dfi.org
67