Linux basic command

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Command
(Primary)
logout
exit
pwd
ls
cd
mkdir
rm-r
cp
mv
clear
cat
cal
date & time
echo
^d
fc
history
eject
eject t
which
whereis
find
locate
slocate
man

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help
info

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whatis

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makewhatis

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uptime
wall
touch
write

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Description
Out of terminal
Out of terminal
Look the present directory
Look the file /directory list
Change the directory
Make the directory
Erase the file
To copy file or directory
Change or move the
directory/file
Clear the skin
Show the file
Show the calendar
Show the date and time
Print some thing
Out of terminal
Show the command
Show the history
Eject cd rom
Close the cd rom
Search the file
Search the file
Search the file
Search the location of file
Search the location of file
Show the description of
command
Take help
Look the information of
command
Look the information of
command
Look the information of
command
To see the last update time
Give the message
Make the file
Give the message

Command (Same as
Pri.)

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Command
(Primary)
file
lsof
umask
uname
ln
clock
vi /proc/cpuinfo
free
fdisk
df h
timeconfig
install.log
ntsysv
top
lspci
modprobe e e1000
ifconfig
hostname
netconfig
route
ping
tracerout
ssh
telnet
arp

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iptraf
useradd/adduser
userdel
su
groupadd
groupdel
chmod
chown
chgrp

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umask

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Description
What kind of file show that
Show the file list
Give the default value
See the carnal version of
system
Link the file
See the time
Cpu related
Ram related
Hard disk partition and
format
Space allocation
Selected the configurel of
graphical mode
See the install file
Look the various services
Resource utilization
List the pci devices
Will make the e1000 card
available for networking
To see the network ip
Look the hostname
Configure the network card
To see the route for your
host
Test the ip
Test the server
Security cell script
Correct by remote
To see the address
resolution protocol tables
Monitoring
Make the user
Delete the user
Go the super user
Add user group
Delete user group
Change the file mode
Change the ownership
Change the group warn
ship
Look the default value of

Command (Same as
Pri.)

Command
(Primary)

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dd
passwd
passwd user
vi /etc/passwd
vi /etc/group
vi /etc/shadow
smbpasswd a user
passwd l user
smbpasswd d user

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cat /etc/passwd |
grep user
newusers
ps
kill
killall
w

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who

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whoami
jobs
top

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81
82

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pstree
ps c named

mount /dev/sda1
/mnt

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mount
/dev/hda1 /mnt
tar
compress
uncompress

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Command (Same as
Pri.)

directory
To copy and convert file
Change the root password
Change the user password
See the password entry
See the user group
Look the shadow password
Add the user to smbpasswd
Locks the user
Disable the user to
smbpasswd
See the user information
Builds user from a file
Look the running service
Close the service
Close the service
Look at which terminal are
open
To see the which terminal
are open
Show the user name
See the background jobs
See the process with more
detail
Looks the pstree
Returns the process id of
nameda
Mount the cd
Mount the floppy
Mount the hard disk

mount /mnt/cdrom
mount /mnt/floopy
/etc/fstive
Mount t smbfs o
username=isp,password=1 //ns1/isp /mnt

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Description

Usb (if the harddisk is ide,

otherwise use sdb1 , sdc1
or sdd1
Mount your c drive ( for ide)
Compress the file
Compress the file
Compress the file

This command will

mount the isp directory
from the host ns1.

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1

Command
(Primary)
crypt
gunzip
quota

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edquota

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quotaof

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quotacheck

Description
Crypt the file
Gun zip the file
Display disk usage and
limits
Edquota edit user quotas
Utility for checking and
repairing quota files.

quotaon
lpq

Show the printq

lpr

Send jobs to printer

lprm
lpstat

Remove a job form a

printer queue
Show print status

init 0

Halt

init1

Go to single mode

init 3
init 5

Go to multimode with
networking
Go to X-windows

init 6

Restart

startx
tty

Open operating system as

graphic mode
See the terminal

lynx

Web browser test based

vi

Test based editor

mc

Editor by graphically

bash

To see the base location

sh

To see the s.s cell

csh

See the corn cell

chsh

See the ch cell

fdisk-l

See the hard disk partition

cdisk

Command (Same as
Pri.)

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Command
(Primary)
fdformat

Description
To format the floppy

badblocks
autorun

To make auto run

df-h

To see the free space of file

du -ch | grep total

Show the size of the

directory

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e2label

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fsck

Check the extendent file

system
Check and repair the file

tune2fs

File system check for ext2

swapon-a

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mkswap

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To make the swap space

available
To make the shawap
directory
Writes the partition tables
to a file named part.file

sfdisk -d /dev/hda >

part.file
Write the partition to the
sfdisk /dev/hdc <
disk form the file created
part.file

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Command (Same as
Pri.)

chroot

Change system root

dumpe2fs
e2fsck-b

with the previous command

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dd if=/dev/hda1 of=/dev/floppy bs=512

count=1
dd if=/dev/hda1 of=/dev/hdc

Copy the mbr to floppy

Copy the hda to hdc