HYBRID ELECTRIC SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
Hybrid electric system are designed for the generation of electric power. Hybrid electric system
combines two or more components such as Wind turbines, Photovoltaic cell, Micro hydro
generators, and Biogas plants. Combination of components provides better performance than the
individual components. It utilizes the best characteristics of each to offset the undesirable
attributes to the others. Many hybrid systems are stand alone system which operate Off gridNot connected to an electricity distribution system.
METHODOLOGY
In this project we used three renewable sources of energy i.e. Wind turbine, photovoltaic cell and
micro hydro generator for integrated power generation. From these sources we get three different
DC voltages i.e. by using Wind turbine we get (4-5V) approx., from hydro we get (2-3V) approx.
and from photovoltaic cell we get (5-6V) approx. We add up these three voltages and get the total
output voltage of (09-10V) approx. and this total output voltage we used to charge the battery
whose output is again DC voltage. Further, we convert this DC voltage into AC voltage by using
an inverter circuit whose output is 9-10V (AC). As for domestic loads we required a single phase
220V, AC supply so we step up this 9-10V (AC) upto 220V (AC) by using a step up transformer.
INNOVATIVE IDEA
Different values of DC voltages can be generated by using only renewable sources of
energy, which can further be used to charge the batteries.
For rotation of Micro hydro generator we can use rain water to generate the electrical
power. A reservoir can be made where rain water can be stored for recycling of water
again and again.
Continuation of power supply to the load can be easily made even if we are not getting
one natural source.

ADVANTAGES
There is no requirement of connecting load with grid supply.
For domestic load where we required only single phase ac supply hybrid systems can be
used.
We are generating only DC voltages, so there is no effect of frequency on the system.
DC voltage can be stored in the battery. If in case any one or two or all sources are fails
to generate the electrical power than we can use this stored energy to supply electrical
power to the consumer for some time.

 In July, 2012 our Eastern and Northern grid fails and there was no electricity in India for
two days. So by using these hybrid electric system we can generate more power and can
also distribute this power where the need of electricity is more.
Totally Pollution free
Not very much costly
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF HYBRID ELECTRIC SYSTEM

Hydro
Generator

Addition of
voltage
Wind
Generator

DC Storage
Device(batt
ery)

Photo
Voltaic Cell

SPECIFICATIONS

Inverter
(DC to AC)

Step up
Transforme
r

AC Load

WIND TURBINE
We use 12V DC generator and the output voltage is (4-5) V DC.
MICRO HYDRO
We use pelton turbine whose blades are spoon shaped. We use this because it requires less flow
of water to rotate the turbine.
We use 12V DC generator and the output voltage is (2-3) V DC.
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
The output voltage of photovoltaic cell is (5-6) V DC
BATTERY
Voltage: 6V rechargeable battery
Current rating: 4.5Ah

INVERTER
9V DC TO 9V AC
STEP UP TRANSFORMER
It steps up 9V AC voltage upto 220V AC voltage.
CONCLUSION
220 V AC can be easily gettable by using this micro project (HYBRID ELECTRIC SYSTEM)

FUTURE ASPECTS
Implementation of this small project can also be made on larger scale. In small towns, villages
these hybrid system can be used where it is not possible to get supply from the grid.