Central Tibetan Administration

The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA; Tibetan:

t

Tsnjl Bhm Drikdzuk, Tibetan pronunciation: [ts

pm ts],
literally Exile Tibetan Peoples Organisation),[1] is an organisation based in India with the stated
goals of rehabilitating Tibetan refugees and restoring
freedom and happiness in Tibet". It is also referred to
as the Tibetan Government in Exile, but while its internal structure is government-like, it has stated that it is
not designed to take power in Tibet"; rather, it will be
dissolved as soon as freedom is restored in Tibet in favor of a government formed by Tibetans inside Tibet.[1]
In addition to political advocacy, it administers a network
of schools and other cultural activities for Tibetans in India. On 11 February 1991, the CTA became a founding
member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) at a ceremony held at the Peace Palace
in The Hague, Netherlands.[2][3]

munity in India, who number around 100,000. It runs

schools, health services, cultural activities and economic
development projects for the Tibetan community. More
than 1,000 refugees still arrive each year from China,[6]
usually via Nepal.[7]

2.1 Green Book

Main article: Green Book (Tibetan document)
Tibetans living outside Tibet can apply at the CTA ofce in their country of residence for a personal document
called the Green Book, which serves as a receipt book for
the persons voluntary contributions to the CTA and the
evidence of their claims for Tibetan citizenship.[8]
For this purpose, CTA denes a Tibetan as any person
born in Tibet, or any person with one parent who was
born in Tibet. As Tibetan refugees often lack documents
attesting to their place of birth, the eligibility is usually
established by an interview.[8]

Position on Tibet

The territory of Tibet is administered by the Peoples

Republic of China, a situation that the Central Tibetan
Administration considers an illegitimate military occupation. The position of the CTA is that Tibet is a distinct nation with a long history of independence. The
position of the Peoples Republic of China holds that
China is multi-ethnic and that Tibetans are among the
recognised nations, that the central government of China
(throughout its incarnations) has continuously exercised
sovereignty over Tibet for over 700 years, that Tibet has
not been independent but its de facto independence between 1912 and 1951 was nothing but a ction of the
imperialists who committed aggression against China in
modern history.[4]

2.2 Blue Book

The Blue Book or Tibetan Solidarity Partnership is a
project by Central Tibetan Administration, in which the
Tibetan Government in exile issues any supporter of Tibet who is of age 18 years or more a Blue Book. This
initiative enables supporters of Tibet worldwide to make
nancial contributions to help the administration in supporting educational, cultural, developmental and humanitarian activities related to Tibetan children and refugees.
The book is issued at various Tibet oces worldwide.[9]

3 Internal structure

Headquarters

The CTA operates under the Charter of the Tibetans InExile, adopted in 1991.[10] Executive authority is vested
in the Kalon Tripa (chairperson of the cabinet, often
translated as prime minister), an oce currently held by
Lobsang Sangay, who was elected in 2011. The Kalon
Tripa is supported by a cabinet of ministers responsible
for specic portfolios. Legislative authority is vested in
the Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration.

The CTA is headquartered in McLeod Ganj, Dharamsala,

India. It claims to represent the people of the entire Tibet
Autonomous Region and Qinghai province, as well as
two Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures and one Tibetan
Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, one Tibetan
Autonomous Prefecture and one Tibetan Autonomous
County in Gansu Province and one Tibetan Autonomous
Prefecture in Yunnan Province[5] all of which is
termed Historic Tibet by the CTA.

The Central Tibetan Administrations Department of Finance is made of seven departments and several special
The CTA attends to the welfare of the Tibetan exile com- oces. Until 2003, it operated 24 businesses, including
1

INTERNAL STRUCTURE

was eected. The rst elections for an exile parliament

took place on September 2, 1960. The position of kalon
tripa was later empowered to share executive authority
with the Dalai Lama. The kalon tripa was initially appointed by the Dalai Lama, but, beginning in 2001, this
position was democratically elected by the Tibetan exile
voters. The rst elected Kalon Tripa was a 62-year-old
Buddhist monk, Lobsang Tenzin (better known as Samdhong Rinpoche), to the position of Prime Minister of the
CTA.[12] On 10 March 2011, the Dalai Lama proposed
changes to the exile charter which would remove his position of authority within the organisation. These changes
were ratied on 29 May 2011, resulting in the Kalon
Tripa becoming the highest-ranking oce holder.[13]
The Chairman of the Cabinet of the CTA, Samdhong Rinpoche,
addresses a fundraising dinner in Sydney, Australia, February
2006

3.1 Cabinet

publishing, hotels, and handicrafts distribution companies. Ocially, its annual revenue is US$22 million, with
the biggest shares going to political activity ($7 million),
and administration ($4.5 million). However, according
to Michael Backman, these sums are remarkably low
for what the organisation claims to do, and it probably
receives millions more in donations. The CTA does not
acknowledge such donations or their sources.[11]

Finance Minister Tsering Dhondup visited Taiwan's Legislative

Yuan in 2013

Notable past members of the Cabinet include Gyalo

Thondup, the Dalai Lamas eldest brother, who served as
Chairman of the Cabinet and as Minister of Security, and
Jetsun Pema, the Dalai Lamas younger sister, who served
variously as Minister of Health and of Education.[11]
Lobsang Sangay - Sikyong
Pema Chinnjor - Minister for Religion & Culture
Dolma Gyari - Minister for Home
Tsering Dhondup - Minister for Finance
Lobsang Sangay Ngodup Tsering - Minister for Education
Ngodup Drongchung - Minister for Security
Dr. Lobsang Sangay, Prime Minister

At the time of its founding, the Dalai Lama was head of

the Central Tibetan Administration. Over the ensuing
decades, a gradual transition to democratic governance

Dicki Chhoyang - Minister for Information & International Relations

Tsering Wangchuk - Minister for Health

6.2

Sources

Politics

[2] Ben Cahoon. International Organizations N - W.

Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 2011-11-27.

Lynn Pulman, in her 1983 text on Tibetans living in India, [3]

argues that the broad goals of the CTA are to develop
an intense cultural and political nationalism among Ti- [4]
betans, to expand the charisma and structure of the Dalai
Lama, and to establish and maintain social, political,
and economic boundaries between the Tibetan diaspora
and their host countries. To increase nationalism, the [5]
CTA has created the Tibetan Uprising Day holiday, and a
Tibetan National Anthem which is sung daily in CTA-run [6]
schools. The CTA controls much of the Tibetan-language [7]
media which, according to Pulman, promote the idea that
the Chinese are endeavouring to eradicate the Tibetan [8]
race and how it is the duty of the refugees to maintain the greatness and vitality of Tibetan race and national
culture.[14] However, Lynn Pulmans ndings are not the
product of systematic research, for which Lynn had insufcient time, but of information gained from informal conversations with Tibetans, observations Lynn made, sup- [9]
plemented with the little published material available at
[10]
the time.[15]

4.1

Activities with other organisations

The CTA is not recognised as a sovereign government

by any country, but it receives nancial aid from governments and international organisations for its welfare
work among the Tibetan exile community in India. In
October 1998, the Dalai Lamas administration acknowledged that it received US$1.7 million a year in the 1960s
from the US Government through the Central Intelligence
Agency,[16] which had also trained a guerrilla force at
Camp Hale in Colorado.[17] On 11 February 1991, the
CTA became a founding member of the Unrepresented
Nations and Peoples Organization at a ceremony held at
the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands.

See also
Ganden Phodrang
Inner Mongolian Peoples Party
Chushi Gangdruk
Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration

6
6.1

References
Citations

[1] Central Tibetan Administration. [Central Tibetan Administration. Retrieved 2010-08-28.

Members. UNPO. Retrieved 2011-11-27.

Tell you a true Tibet -- Origins of so-called Tibetan Independence"". National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China. 18 March 2009. Retrieved 27
September 2009.
Map of Tibet from website of CTA
India: Information on Tibetan Refugees and Settlements
Dangerous Crossing ICT/Save Tibet, 2003
China: The 'Green Book' issued to Tibetans; how it is obtained and maintained, and whether holders enjoy rights
equivalent to Indian citizenship (April 2006) Responses to
Information Requests (RIRs). Immigration and Refugee
Board of Canada, document CHN101133.E, 28 April
2006). retrieved 2009-10-25.
Blue Book FAQs.
Sta. Constitution: Charter of the Tibetans in Exile.
Central Tibetan Administration. Retrieved 2010-02-03.

[11] Backman, Michael (2007-03-23). Behind Dalai Lamas

holy cloak. The Age. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
[12] Snow Lion Publications. Snowlionpub.com. 2001-0905. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
[13] The CTAs website lists Head of State as Kalon Tripa.
[14] Pulman, Lynn (1983). Tibetans in Karnataka (PDF).
Kailash 10 (1-2): 119171.
[15] Pulman, Lynn (1983). Tibetans in Karnataka (PDF).
Kailash 10 (1-2): 122123.
[16] World News Briefs; Dalai Lama Group Says It Got
Money From C.I.A.. The New York Times. October
2, 1998.
[17] Conboy, Kenneth; Morrison, James (2002). The CIAs
Secret War in Tibet. Lawrence, Kansas: Univ. Press of
Kansas. pp. 85, 106116, 135138, 153154, 193194.
ISBN 978-0-7006-1159-1.

6.2 Sources
Roemer, Stephanie (2008).
The Tibetan
Government-in-Exile.
Routledge Advances in
South Asian Studies. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
ISBN 9780415586122.

7 External links
Central Tibetan Administration
Tibet Society

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1

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Central Tibetan Administration Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration?oldid=712193060 Contributors: Roadrunner, Metz2000, Olivier, Patrick, Gabbe, Menchi, Ams80, Kingturtle, Jiang, Kaihsu, Mxn, Adam Carr, Gidonb, Halibutt,
Michael Snow, Alan Liefting, Nat Krause, Hiyayaywhopee, Waltpohl, Beta m, Takatoriyama, Eequor, Dagestan, Gugganij, Ran, OwenBlacker, Goh wz, Kmweber, Trek011~enwiki, Klemen Kocjancic, Zondor, Chrisjwmartin, Miborovsky, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough,
Pedant, QuartierLatin1968, Clawson, Sampo Torgo, Chirag, Jojit fb, Caeruleancentaur, Steven li, IDE, Indech, Rebroad, Kelly Martin, Woohookitty, Bellhalla, Lapsed Pacist, John Hill, Neanderthalprimadonna, Toussaint, LeoO3, Graham87, CFynn, NebY, Koavf,
TJive, Lairor, Ground Zero, Hottentot, Chobot, Vmenkov, YurikBot, Eraserhead1, Deeptrivia, Jimp, DD Ting, PatCheng, Sumple, AjaxSmack, FT in Leeds, SmackBot, YellowMonkey, ZerodEgo, Kintetsubualo, JFHJr, Cattus, Bazonka, OrphanBot, Intelligent Mr Toad,
Khoikhoi, Tenam~enwiki, Evlekis, Rkmlai, Hvn0413, Hu12, Judgesurreal777, Kushal one, Dgw, Neelix, Cydebot, Thijs!bot, Therequiembellishere, Escarbot, Dr. Blofeld, Danger, David Shankbone, JAnDbot, STSC, Ekabhishek, Scanlan, Jrssr5, Cgingold, DBWikis, Lysanzia,
SquidSK, Pauly04, CommonsDelinker, Johnpacklambert, J.delanoy, A Nobody, LordAnubisBOT, Mangwanani, Mamin27, Idioma-bot,
ACSE, TXiKiBoT, Broadbot, Mkpumphrey, Bcharles, Moonsell, InMooseWeTrust, Master of the Orchalcos, Why Not A Duck, Roland
zh, Lylefor, TJRC, Lucasbfrbot, TR, Avaarga, Rdacteur Tibet, Judicatus, Goustien, Chadsnook, PalaceGuard008, Walter Max David, Jan
Jansson, Iamwisesun, Ionas68224, Angelo De La Paz, Emptymountains, Elnon, ClueBot, Nielspeterqm, Rodhullandemu, Mx3, Dn9ahx,
Tlekshay, JDPhD, Antalope, SilvonenBot, Good Olfactory, Felix Folio Secundus, Addbot, Brettsail, Ronhjones, Skyezx, Wildcursive,
Strettolicious, Justpassin, The Cougar33, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Amirobot, CK6569, AnomieBOT, Jiangyu911, Materialscientist, Night w,
Sodacan, Tad Lincoln, GrouchoBot, Kraftprotz, Jean-Jacques Georges, FrescoBot, Kaiyr, Explic8, JoeyJoJoShabbaduJr, Damczyk, Comet
Tuttle, Greg Pandatshang, Actoreng1, IRISZOOM, Sumirp, RjwilmsiBot, Hepei, John of Reading, WikitanvirBot, Tnznjigme, Samantha
sister, The Madras, Schnellbehalter, Ebrambot, Wildsoi5, Lathdrinor, Karthikndr, Shrigley, Pseudois, ChuispastonBot, Jadev18, ClueBot
NG, Theintuitus, CopperSquare, Akkkanksha, Kondi, Kharmabum, TraceySwans, LoneWolf1992, Aryadharma, Teammm, Frosty, C Coligniero, Michipedian, RubleuleR, Whisper of the heart, Monkbot, VictoriaGrayson, , 14Gazanict, Geruese, Oranges
Juicy, Cartakes, Evecurid, AusLondonder, Sweepy, Tathagat1998 and Anonymous: 93

8.2

Images

File:2013
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28%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%29_TIBETAN_Minister_of_Finance_visited_TAIWANESE_Congress.jpg
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