ot ete e tarry stld Pio Sebel y@ Canadtt FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FOR FISHERY PURPOSES EASTERN CENTRAL ATLANTIC Fishing Areas 34, 47 (in part) edited by W. Fischer and G. Bianchi ‘and WB. Scott Marine Resources Service Huntsman Marine Leboratory Fishery Resources and Environment Division Brandy Cove, St. Andrews, NB FAO Fisherias Department, Rome Canada Italy ‘This publication has been prepared and printed as an integral part of the FAO/Canada Government Cooperative Programme (Project GCP/INT/180/CAN) with the direct support of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) ‘and the Seientific Information and Publications Branch of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada VOLUME 11 CONTENTS: Bony Fishes Families: Cepolidae to Macrouridae Published by arrangement with the FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS by the DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS, CANADA Ottawa, 1982Fischer, Wa, G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds), 1961" FAO species identification sheets for * fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atiantics fishing areas 34, 47 (in part). Canada Funds-in- Trust. Ottawa, Department of Fisheries and Goeans Canada, by arrangement. with the Food ‘and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, vols. 1-7:pag.var. Tdentification sheets. Taxonomy. Geographic distribution. Fisheries. _ Vernacular name: Bony fishes. Chimacras. Sharks. Batoid fishes. Lobsters. Shrimps. True crabs. Stomatopeds. Molluscs. Sea turties. ASWCEPOL 1981 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FISHING. 3a, 67 (in part) (Ec. Attantic) (CEPOLIDAE Bandfishes Body very elongate and compressed, ribbon-like and gradually tapering to a pointed tail. Head short, with a blunt enout and an oblique mouth; a single row of widely spaced tecth in each jaw. Anai opening placed far forward. Dorsal_fin_very long, originating slightly posterior_to_head_and extending _backward_to_caudal {fing pectoral fine short; pelviee thoracic in position, inserted at Tevel of slightly in advance of pectoral fin ‘bases; anal fin very long; caudal fin distinct and pointed. Scales minute. Colour: the species in Fishing Area 34 are generally reddish or yellowish. Medium-sized (20 to 25 em total length) to large (up to about 70 em) fishes living single or in small groups on muddy sand bottoms at depths between 20 dnd 200 m. They are never very abundant, but are utilized in certain Mediterranean countries for fish soups. Along the West African coast, these fishes are often taken as bycatch in the trawl fisheries; they may be consumed eccaslonally, and are also utilized fer fishrneal and oll. ‘anal fin tongFAO Sheats CEPOLIDAE Fishing Areas 34, 47 (in part) SIMILAR FAMILIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: ‘Tho elongate, ribbonlike body, the long anal fin and the blunt snout readily distinguish the band fishes from other familise. Furthermore, other long-bodied, ribbon-like and auperficialiy similar fiches can be separated from the Copolidae by ether conspicuous features such as: anal fin absent (Trachipteridae), snout pointed (Triehluridae), or jaws prolonged into a beak (Nemichthyidae and Serrivomeridae). re anal fin Trachipteridae Serrivomeridae KEY TO SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Nemichthyidae Code numbers are given for those species for which Identification Sheets are Included le. Eye diameter contained tess than twice in body depth and less than 3 times in head length; body depth contained more than 15 times in total length; teeth long; dorsal fin with 67 to 70 rays; anal fin with 59 to 61 rays (Fig. 1) swnenee Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus, 1758) CEPOL Cepol 1 1b. Eye diameter contained more than 3 tithes in body depth and in head length; body depth contained ‘mare than 10 times in total lengths teeth shorty dorsal fin with 60 to 62 rays; anal fin with 53 or 54 rays (Fig. 2) - Cepola pauciradiata Cadenat, 1949 C. paveiradiata Prepared by J.C. Guéro, Institut scientifique et technique des Peches maritimes, La Rochelle, FranceCEPOL Cepot 1 1981 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: CEPOLIDAE FISHING AREAS 34, 47 (in part) (Ec. Atlantic) Cepola macrophthsima (Linnaeus, 1758) OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE: Copola rubescene Linnasus, 1766 VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO: En - Red bandfish Fr ~ Cépole commune Sp ~ Cinta colorada NATIONAL DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS + Body very elongated, ribbon-like, easily undulating, low and gradually tapering to a polnted tall, Ite depth contained more than 13 times in total length. Head short, snout blunt; eyes large, contained less then twice in ody depth, and lows than 3 tines in head ler, mouth large, obliques, teeth Taney serdar and painted, Trotr tbe slightly curved Dackward, widely spaced in a single row in each jaw. Dorsal and anal fins very long, the dorsal with 6&1 to 70 and the anal with 59 to 61 rays. Scales minute. Colour: back and sides reid or orange red; belly orange or yellowish; fine of a light reddish yellows eyes silvery.DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Cepola pauciradiata: eye small, contained mare than 3 times in body depth (less than twice In macrophthalna);- body Gepth contained less than 10 times in total length (more than 13 times i ‘FHacrophthalma)s teeth short; dorsal fin with 60 to 62 rays (67 to 70 in Ce macrophthalma}y anal fin with 53 or 58 raye (59 to 61 in C. macrophthalme). C: pauelradiata SE Maximum: 70.em; common to 40 em. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR : In the area it occurs from the Straits of Gibraltar to northern Senegal (15°N); northward extending into the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic up to the Orkney Islands. Lives single or in small groups on muddy sand bottoms at depths between 20 and 200 m. Feeds on small crustaceans (decapod larvae, cope- pods, amphipods, euphausids) and on chaetognaths (Sagitta). PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS + Continental shelf off Morocco and Mauritania. CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION: Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Caught mainly with bottom trawls. Utilized mainly for fishmeal and oll; occasionally marketed fresh and Used for fish soups.CHAETOD 1981 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FISHING AREAS 34, 47 (in part) (EC. Atlantic) CHAETODONTIDAE Butterflyfishes Body _deep and strongly compressed, oval to orbicular or sub-rhomboidal in outline- Mouth very small, protrattlle;toetinalytecth tong: slobders flexible, in narrow or brushlike bands In javi; palate toothless OF not eye moderate, lateral; preopercle without any strong and long spine at angle; gill membranes more or less joined tS iahmus, utvaly narronly ettachod tots Devel Ti sigley CorEMGOUs, with inthe area, 11 to 14 spines; anal fin with 3 spines. Scales moderate to small, ctenoid, often finely ciliated over body and head, forming a dense cover over soft vertical fine. Lateral line present, following arch of dorsal profile, often angular, but not reaching ‘caudal fin. Caudal peduncle shart, Axillary process present at base of pelvic fin. Colour: generally handsomely and brilliently coloured, often with an ornamented design of dark brown or black bare over a whitish or silvery body, yellow tints frequent. Juveniles may have black rounded spots, sornetimes narrowley bordered with whitishy these ovellated marks may disappear or persist in older individuals. Butterflyfishes are generally found on coral reefs, usually in shallow water. Chaetodon hoefler and Chaetodon marcellae, however, accur to 100m depth or more. Butterflyfishes are solitary or occur in pairs. They eed diumally where they shelter, about reefs or on seagrass beds and they are known to graze on coral polyps, colonial sea anemones, tentacles of tube worms and algae. They are edible, but of little importance as food because of their small size; those seen in markets are caught mainly by traps. SIMILAR FAMILIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Pomacanthidee: larger, often more brightly coloured; always with a long and strong spine at angle of preopercle. PomacanthidaeFAO Sheets. CHAETODONTIDAE, Fishing Areas 34, 47 (in part) GENERA OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Chetodon only; Bauchotia used for some species, But probably hés to be considered as a subgenus. KEY TO SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: La, Eleven or 12 dorsal spines; blackish eyeband present or not Za. Eleven dorsal spines; eyeband without blue-white margins (Fig. 1) wa C. hoefleri 2b, Twelve dorsal spines, 3, Eyebend absent; front and lower parts of Body blackish (Fig. 2) Ci dichrous 3b. Eyebend present end white marginated (Fig: 3) smn Ce fobustus 1b. Thirteen dorsal spines, eyeband present 42: Dorsal spines relatively Jong; a dark bar on post- terior part of body (Fig. 4) .. C: marcellae 4b. Dorsal spines relatively hort; body without dark bar (Fige 5) stenmsnneC. eanctachelenae Do ow LIST OF SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: + Chaetocon dichrous Giinther, 1869 4 ¢ Thaatodon hoeflert Steindachner, 1883 ¢-4 Chaetodon marcellze Poll, 1950 © © Thastodon robustus Qnther, 1860 ‘* Chaetodon sanctaehelenae Gunther, 1860 Prepared by A. Maugé, Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle, Ichtyologie générale et appliquée, Paris, France. Ilustrations provided by author @ St. Helena, Ascension ‘#4 Cape Blane to Angola, exceptionally in the Mediterranean Sea (Torchio, 1968; Mars, 1959) #66 Tropical West Africacrm 1981 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FISHING AREAS 38,47 Gi fc. atrais CITHARIDAE, Founders Asingle species in the area; s2e species sheet for: Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) CITH Cith 2 Prepared by J. Nielsen, Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, DenmarkCITH Cith 1 1981 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: CITHARIDAE rigane, Ancas 87 i omnis) inquatula (Linnaeus, 1758) OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE: Citharug macrolepidotus (Bloch, 1787) FAO: En = Spotted flounder Fr - Feuille Sp ~ Solleta NATIONAL + DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS : Body oval, head pointed. Mouth strongly bent downward; eyes on left side; strong teeth on vomer (roof of mouthjy. "11 or 22 gillrakere on lower limb of anterior arch. Dorsal Tn without spinous rays, ite origin in front af Upper eye; pelvic Tins with Lspine and soft raye. Anus pinged on eyed'side Lateral Une forming a Curve eBove eRe pectoval ne our: eyed side brownish and fins often with dark spots; a conspicuous black spot just posterior to the the anal fine.DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Species of Psettodidae: dorsal fin with spinous nteriorly, Its origin well behind upper eye. All other flatfish families (Bothidas, Cynoglos- sidae, Plouronectidae, and Soleidae): no spine in pelvic fing anus placed on midventral margin or on blind side- Also, eyes on right side in Plouronectideo and Soleidae. SIE: Maximum: about 25 em; common to 20 em. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR : ‘Along the west coast of Africa from Gibraltar southward to about 16° (Angola) Inhabits soft bottoms from the coastline to about 300 m depth, but rarely caught at depthe greater than 200 ms PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS : Regularly fished in shelf waters throughout its range, but not the object of a special fishery. CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION: _ Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Caught with bottom trawls and beach seines. Marketed mostly fresh; the flesh is not highly esteemed.CLIN’ 1981 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FISHING AREAS 34, 47 (in part) (€lc. attantic) CLINIDAE Clinids Small, often elongate fishes; largest species about 20 cm, most under 10 om. Head usually with cirri or fleshy flaps on anterior nostrils, eyes and laterally on nape; gill membranes continuous with each other across ‘Vontro-postorior surface-of Read Cash jaw with ar-outer sew of relatively lange, canine: lice or inclor-ike tecthe often with patches of smaller teeth behind; teeth usually also present on vornet and often on palatines (roof of mouth). Dorsal and anal fins long, frequently highest anteriorly; dorsal fin spines often flexiblo, usually ‘two usually flexible spines in anal fin pelvic fins inserted anterior to gutnumbering the segmented (soft) ray Position of pectoral fins, with one epine not visible externally and only 2 ar 3 eogmented (soft) rayss all fin rays, Including those of caudal, unbranched Gimp). Latetel-lne tubes or canals varying fram compote (atone fntire length of boay) to Completely abserty at least antorior portion of lateral line present in ealed forme (ona exception); lateral-line tubes completely absent in naked forms- Scales cycloid (emooth to touch) witen present. varying from drab to brilliant hues, usually with irregular vertical bands. Colour Benthic fishes restricted to rocky, shelly, or coral reefs in shallow water, a few species in marine grass beds or sponges; a few species in deep water. The larvae, which are scaleless and often cirriless, are often misidentified as Blenniidse. The presence of more spines than rays in the dorsal fin of almost all clinige Is an ald to identification. CClinids do not have any commercial importance in Fishing Area 34. They are edible, but rarely consumed. spines outnumbering unbranched segmented rays position of pelvic fins ‘always unbranched ‘anterior to that of pectorals only 2 spineseee FAO Sheets CLINIDAE SIMILAR FAMILIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Blennlidae: caudal fin rays branched in all but ‘one species (always simple in Clinidae)} scales always absent; lateral line tubes always present; always more segmented (soft) doreal fin rays than spines (most clings ave more doeal 2s than segmented rays). ‘Trypterygiidae: caudal fin rays branched; usually 3 clearly defined dorsal fins, posteriormost dorsal fin spines always completely separated from soft rays; scales ctenoid (rough to touch). KEY TO GENERA OCCURRING IN THE AREA: 1a Maxillary bone exposed (Fig. 1a); patches of small teeth behind outer row of large teeth in upper jaw; spinous pert of dorsal fin without rotch 1b. Maxillary bone sheated (hidden, Fig. 1b); no small teeth behind outer row of large teeth In either jaws spinous part of dorsal fin clearly notched after the first three spines (Fig. 2) maxillary bone = LIST OF SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Labrisomus nuchipinnis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Malacactenus africanus Cadenat, 1951 Malacoctenus Fishing Areas 34, 47 (in part) ‘Trypterygtidae Prepared by P. Wirtz, Max Planck Institut fur Veshaltensphysiologie, D-8151 Seewiceen, Federal Republic of Germany (based on identification sheets for the Western Central Atlantic prepared by V. Springer, Washington, USA)1981 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FISHING AREAS 34, 47 (in part) (Ec. Attantic) CLUPEIDAE Hertings, shads, piichards, sprats, sardinellas Small, mostly silvery fishes, usually with fusiform, subcylindrical bodies but sometimes quite strongly compressed; a keel of scutes present along belly. Lower jaw short but deep, aiving typical clupeid mouth shape Gower jaw projecting in Tisha). Fins lacking spiny rays; a single. dorsal fin, usually short and at midpoint of body; pectoral fins set low on bodys pelvic fin bases about equidistant between pectoral fin bases and anal fin origins anal fin usually short, its origin behind dorsal fin base (long and under dorsal fin base in isha); caudal fin doeply forked. Seales always cyclold (smooth to touch), but often shed rather easily, their hind border sometimes fimbriated; no lateral line Colour: usually dark blue or blue/green on back, silvery on flankss darker markings include a spot behind gil opening (Sardinetla, Alasa aloe), sometimes followed by a series of spots (Sardinops, Sardina, Alose finta), a spot at base of anterior dorsal finrays (Serdinelle) and a dusky margin to caudel fine unbranched soft rays deeply forked past-pelvic scutes second | ‘supra-maxilla | ‘unbranched soft rays pre-pelvic scutes Most species are marine, but some are anadromous (shads) and in this area Ethmalosa tolerates very low salinities in lagoons and estuaries during the dry season; a freshwater clupeid fauna (13 genera) exists in West ‘African rivers, of which species of Pellona aceur in estuaries and lagoons. Although mostly small (about 15 to 250m), certain species form large shoals and are the basis of sizable fisheries. The total catch of Clupeidae from the trea covered is well over 1 000 000 t annually. In 1977 it exceeded 1 00 000 ¢ (or over 40 percent of total Jandinga),,of which 1 250 000 t came from the northern part of the,area (36°N to 9°N), 190 500 t from equatorial waters (S°N to 7°5), and about 180 000 t from the southern part (795 to 23°S). Some two-thirds of the total catch were taken by foreign fleets fishing in the area. Of the total 1977 catch, about 850 000 t is broken down by-2- FAO Sheets CLUPEIDAE Fishing Areas 34, 47 (in part) species 1. The species predominating in the reported statistics (1977) are Sardinella aurita end S. taderensis about 500 000 ), Serdina pilehardus (about 820 000 t) and Ethmalosa fimbriata fabout 90 O00 CECAF Working Party on Resources Evaluation has recently recommended that all countries fishing in the area collect separate landing statistics for Sardina pilchardus, Sardinella maderensis, S. surita, Sardinella species not elsowhere identified, Ethmalosa fimbriata end Ilisha africana. Furthermore, the working party recommended that length-frequency distributions be taken in the case of the following species: Serdina pilcherdus, Sardinella aurita and S. maderensis. SIMILAR FAMILIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA iS Elopidae: lateral line present, no kes! of ‘scutes along belly. 25 Megalopid: lateral Line present. last dorsal finrey a filament, Elopidac Albulidae: snout conical, projecting beyond lower jaw, mouth inferior, lateral line present. Engraulidae: snout conical, projecting beyond lower jaw, mouth inferior. Similar silvery fishes of other femilies: keel of scutes along belly. Engraulidae KEY TO GENERA OCCURRING IN THE AREA*: La. Anal fin short, with Jess then 40 finrays, beginning .behind dorsal fin base (Fig. Dy cS jawe usually equal Gy) Sa OE AY eee ‘Excluding purely freshwater epectosFAO Sheets oe CLUPEIDAE, 2a. Upper jaw without median notch for recep- tion of tip of lower jaw (Fig. 2) 3a. Two supra-maxillae (Fig. 3) da ab. Gill cover smooth; a single black spot behind gill cover... Gill cover with bony ra: Strlee (Fig. 0s also, blac spots slong flanks Sa. Lower gillrakers not de- creasing in size at angle of first arch (Fig. 5); re tricted to northern part of 5b. Lower gilirakers decreasing in size at angle of first ‘arch (Fig. 6); restricted to southern part of area (Angole) .. see Sardinops 3b. Asingle supre-maxilla (anterior missing) (Fig. 7) 6a. Jaw teeth small, of even lengths Pellonuls 6b. Enlarged canine-like teeth in upper jaw (behind outer series) .. Cynothrissa 2b. Upper jaw with distinct medion notch for reception of tip of lower jaw (Fig.8) Fishing Areas 34, 47 (in part) rounded, oak 4 Berio g) second first eupra-maxilla supra = maxilla gillirakersoe FAO Sheets CLUPEIDAE Fishing Aress 34, 47 (in part) Ta. Body fairly slender, gill cover with bony radiating striae (Fig. 9); posterior borders of scales not fringed; found only in northern part of area (to Cape Blane) .. 7b. Body deep, gill cover smooth (Fig. 10); posterior borders of scales fringed; not found in northern part of ares (from southern Mauritania) .. 1b, Anal fin long, with more than 40 finrays, beginning underneath dorsal fin base; lower jaw strong) Projecting (Fig. 11) .. a isha Ethmalosa LIST OF SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA": Code numbers are given for those species for which Identification Sheets are ineluded Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) CLUP Alos 5 ‘loss fallax (Lacepbe, 1603) CLUP Ales 6 mothrissa ansorgii (Boulenger, 1916) ‘Gynothris mento Regan, 1917 Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich, 1825) CLUP Exh isha africana (Bloch, 1795) CLUP Mish 5 Pelionula leonenste Regan, 1917 CLUP Pelion 1 Pellonula vorax (Ginther, 1868) Sardina pilehardus (Walbaum, 1792) CLUP Sardi 1 Serdineita aurita Valenciennes, 1847 CLUP Sardi 1 ‘Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1839) CLUP Serdl 2 Sardinella Fou! Poll, 1953) GLUP Sardi 12 Sardinops ocellata (Pappé, 1853) CLUP Sardop 2 Note: the status of the West African Sardinella aurita and S. maderens counterparts, as well az the homogeneity of the West African stocks, Is still Boing studied. Similarly, the species of Pellonula are not yet certain. Prepared by P.JLP. Whitehead, Zoology Department, British Museum (Natural History), London SW7 58D, U.K. Excluding purely freshwater speciesFAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: CLUPEIDAE FISHING AREAS 3a, 47 (in part) Ec. Attantic) VERNACULAR NAMES: FAQ: En - Allis shad a Bem Fr - Alose vraie, Sp = Sébalo comin NATIONAL, DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: om sady fusiform, & ltle compresseth the head wedge-shaped in eros