TOPIC4:

COMPUTERETHICS
ANDSECURITY

Two(2)Subtopics:
4.1 ComputerEthics
4.1.1Netiquette
4.1.2AreaofComputerEthics
4.2 ComputerSecurity
4.2.1ComputerSecurityRisks
4.2.2SecurityMeasures
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4.1
ComputerEthics

LearningOutcomes:

Attheendofthistopic,studentsshouldbe
ableto:
(a)IdentifytherulesofNetiquette.
(b)Definecomputerethics.
(c)Describeareasofcomputerethics.

Netiquette
Netiquette,whichisshortforInternet
etiquette,isthecodeofacceptablebehaviors
usersshouldfollowwhileontheInternet.
Netiquetteincludesrulesforallaspectsofthe
Internet,includingtheWorldWideWeb,
email,instantmessaging,chatrooms,FTP,and
messageboards.

GoldenRule:Treatothersasyouwould
likethemtotreatyou.
1.Inemail,chatrooms,andmessageboard:
Keepmessagesbrief.Usepropergrammar,
spelling,andpunctuation.
Becarefulwhenusingsarcasmandhumor,as
itmightbemisinterpreted.
Bepolite.Avoidoffensivelanguage.
Readthemessagebeforeyousendit.
Usemeaningfulsubjectlines.
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GoldenRule:Treatothersasyouwould
likethemtotreatyou.
1.Inemail,chatrooms,andmessageboard:
Avoidsendingorpostingflames,whichare
abusiveorinsultingmessages.Donot
participateinflamewars,whichareexchanges
offlames.
Avoidsendingspam,whichistheInternets
versionofjunkmail.Spamisanunsolicited
emailmessagesenttomanyrecipients.
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GoldenRule:Treatothersasyouwould
likethemtotreatyou.
1.Inemail,chatrooms,andmessageboard:
Donotuseallcapitalletters,whichisthe
equivalentofSHOUTING!
Useemoticonstoexpressemotion.Popular
emoticonsinclude
:) Smile
:| Indifference
:o Surprised
:( Frown
:\ Undecided

GoldenRule:Treatothersasyouwould
likethemtotreatyou.
1.Inemail,chatrooms,andmessageboard:
Useabbreviationsandacronymsforphrases:
btw
bytheway
imho inmyhumbleopinion
fyi
foryourinformation
ttfn
tatafornow
fwiw forwhatitsworth
tyvm thankyouverymuch
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GoldenRule:Treatothersasyouwould
likethemtotreatyou.
2.ReadtheFAQ(frequentlyaskedquestions),if
oneexists.ManyWebpageshaveanFAQ.

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GoldenRule:Treatothersasyouwould
likethemtotreatyou.
3.Donotassumematerialisaccurateorupto
date.Beforgivingofothersmistakes.
4.Neverreadsomeonesprivateemail.

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ComputerEthics
Aswithanypowerfultechnology,computerscan
beusedforbothgoodandbadintentions.The
standardsthatdeterminewhetheranactionis
goodorbadareknownasethics.

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ComputerEthics
Definition(DiscoveringComputer)
Computerethicsarethemoralguidelinesthat
governtheuseofcomputersandinformation
systems.

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AreasofComputerEthics
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Informationaccuracy
Greencomputing
Codesofconduct
Informationprivacy
Intellectualproperty

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(1)InformationAccuracy
Informationaccuracytodayisaconcern
becausemanyusersaccessinformationmaintained
byotherpeopleorcompaniesontheInternet.
UsersshouldevaluatethevalueofaWebpage
beforerelyingonitscontent.Beawarethatthe
organizationprovidingaccesstotheinformation
maynotbethecreatoroftheinformation.

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(1)InformationAccuracy
Example:Imagemanipulation

AdigitallyalteredphotoshowssportslegendMichaelJordan
(bornin1963)meetingthefamousscientistAlbertEinstein
(whodiedin1955).

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(2)GreenComputing
Greencomputinginvolvesreducingthe

electricityandenvironmentalwastewhileusinga
computer.
Peopleuse,andoftenwaste,resourcessuchas
electricityandpaperwhileusingacomputer.
Societyhasbecomeawareofthiswasteand
istakingmeasurestocombatit.
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Organizationscanimplementavarietyof
measurestoreduceelectricalwaste.
Consolidateserversbyusingvirtualization.
Purchasehighefficiencyequipment,such
asuninterruptiblepowersuppliesandstorage
devices.
Usesleepmodesandotherpowermanagement
featuresforcomputersanddevices.
Buycomputerswithlowpowerconsumption
processorsandpowersupplies.
Whenpossible,useoutsideairtocoolthe
datacenter.

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GreenComputingSuggestions
1.Usecomputersanddevicesthatcomply
withtheENERGYSTARprogram.
2.Donotleavethecomputerrunningovernight.
3.Turnoffthemonitor,printer,andotherdevices
whennotinuse.
4.UseLCDmonitorsinsteadofCRTmonitors.
5.Usepaperlessmethodstocommunicate.

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GreenComputingSuggestions
6.Recyclepaper.
7.Buyrecycledpaper.
8.Recycletonercartridges.
9.Recycleoldcomputers,printers,andother
devices.
10.Telecommutetosavegas.
11.UsevideoconferencingandVoIPformeetings.

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(3)CodeofConduct
AnITcodeofconductisawrittenguideline
thathelpsdeterminewhetheraspecific
computeractionisethicalorunethical.

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ITCodeofConduct
1.Computersmaynotbeusedtoharmother
people.
2.Employeesmaynotinterferewithothers
computerwork.
3.Employeesmaynotmeddleinotherscomputer
files.
4.Computersmaynotbeusedtosteal.
5.Computersmaynotbeusedtobearfalse
witness.
6.Employeesmaynotcopyorusesoftware
illegally.
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ITCodeofConduct
7.Employeesmaynotuseotherscomputer
resourceswithoutauthorization.
8.Employeesmaynotuseothersintellectual
propertyastheirown.
9.Employeesshallconsiderthesocialimpactof
programsandsystemstheydesign.
10.Employeesalwaysshouldusecomputersina
waythatdemonstratesconsiderationand
respectforfellowhumans.
SampleITcodeofconductemployersmaydistributeto
employees.

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(4)InformationPrivacy
Informationprivacyreferstotherightof
individualsandcompaniestodenyorrestrict
thecollectionanduseofinformationabout
them.
Today,hugedatabasesstoremanyofdataonline.
Muchofthedataispersonalandconfidential
andshouldbeaccessibleonlytoauthorized
users.Thatis,somecompaniesandindividuals
collectandusethisinformationwithoutuser
authorization.

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HowtoSafeguardPersonalInformation
1.Fillinonlynecessaryinformationon
registrationforms.
2.Purchasegoodswithcash,ratherthancreditor
checks.
3.Avoidshoppingclubandbuyercards.
4.Ifmerchantsaskpersonalquestions,findout
whytheywanttoknowbeforereleasingthe
information.
5.Informmerchantsthatyoudonotwantthemto
distributeyourpersonalinformation.
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HowtoSafeguardPersonalInformation
6.Installacookiemanagertofiltercookies.
7.Clearyourhistoryfilewhenyouarefinished
browsing.
8.Turnofffileandprintersharingonyour
Internetconnection.
9.Installapersonalfirewall.
10.Donotreplytospamforanyreason.

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(5)IntellectualProperty
Intellectualproperty(IP)referstounique
andoriginalworkssuchasideas,inventions,
art,writings,processes,companyandproduct
names,andlogos.
OR
Intellectualpropertyreferstocreationsofthe
mind:inventions;literaryandartisticworks;and
symbols,namesandimagesusedincommerce.

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(5)IntellectualProperty
Intellectualpropertyrightsaretherightsto
whichcreatorsareentitledfortheirwork.Certain
issuesarisesurroundingIPtodaybecausemanyof
theseworksareavailabledigitally.

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(5)IntellectualProperty
Acopyrightgivesauthorsandartistsexclusive
rightstoduplicate,publish,andselltheirmaterials.
Acommoninfringementofcopyrightispiracy.
Peoplepirate(illegallycopy)software,movies,and
music.

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IntellectualPropertyCorporationofMalaysia
(MyIPO)www.myipo.gov.my

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ComputerEthics(Definition)
Netiquette

Codeofacceptablebehaviourusersshould
followwhileontheInternet.

AreaofComputerEthics(Describe/Explain)

Informationaccuracy

GreenComputing

CodesofConduct

InformationPrivacy

IntellectualProperty

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