ETAp-Dynamic Models Excitation System

Dynamic Models Excitation System
ETAP 24-27 ETAP 12.0 User Guide
24.4 Excitation System

To accurately account for dynamics from exciter and AVR systems in power system transient
responses,
complete modeling of these systems is usually necessary.
ETAP provides the following exciter and AVR models:
IEEE Type 1
IEEE Type 2
IEEE Type 3
IEEE Type 1S
IEEE Type DC1
IEEE Type DC2
IEEE Type DC3
IEEE Type ST1
IEEE Type ST2
IEEE Type ST3
IEEE Type AC1
IEEE Type AC2
IEEE Type AC3
IEEE Type AC4
IEEE Type AC5A
Basler SR8F & SR125A
HPC 840
JEUMONT Industrie
IEEE Type ST1D
IEEE Type AC8B
IEEE Type AC1A
IEEE Type ST4B
IEEE Type DC4B
IEEE Type AC7B
IEEE Type ST1A
IEEE Type AC2A
IEEE Type ST2A
User-defined Dynamic Model (UDM)
For IEEE type exciter and AVR systems, the equivalent transfer functions and their parameter names
are
in accordance with the IEEE recommended types from the following references:
IEEE Committee Report, Computer Representation of Excitation System, IEEE Trans. on PAS,
Vol. PAS-87, No. 6, June 1968, pp 1460-1464.
IEEE Committee Report, Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies, IEEE
Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS-100, No. 2, February 1981, pp 494-509.
IEEE Std. 412.5-1992, IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power
System Stability Studies, IEEE Power Engineering Society, 1992.
Excitation System Saturation

The following is a typical block diagram used for exciters:

This diagram shows the output of the AVR is applied to the exciter after a saturation function SE is
subtracted from it. The exciter parameter KE represents the setting of the shunt field rheostat when a
selfexcited
shunt field is used.
It should be noted that there is a dependency between exciter ceiling Efdmax, AVR ceiling VRmax,
exciter saturation SE and exciter constant KE. These parameters are related by the following equation
(the
sign of KE is negative for a self-excited shunt field):
VR ( KE + SE ) Efd = 0 for Efdmin < Efd < Efdmax
At excitation ceiling ( Efd = Efdmax ) the above equation becomes:
VRmax = (KE +SEmax ) - Efdmax
Therefore, it is important that the exciter parameters entered satisfy the above equation, when
applicable.
ETAP will check this condition at run time and flag any violations.
The exciter saturation function (SE) represents the increase in exciter excitation due to saturation. It is
defined as:
where the quantities A and B are defined as the exciter field currents which produce the exciter output
voltage on the constant-resistance-load saturation curve and air gap line, respective, as shown in the
exciter saturation curve below
ETAP assumes that SE is specified at the following exciter voltages:
Saturation Factor Exciter Voltage
SEmax Efdmax
SE.75max 0.75Efdmax

IEEE Type (1)
24.4.1 IEEE Type 1

IEEE Type 1 - Continuously Acting Regulator and Exciter (1)
This type of exciter and AVR system represents a continuously acting regulator with a rotating exciter
system. Some vendors' units represented by this model include:
Westinghouse Brushless Systems with TRA, Mag-A-Stat, Silverstat, or Rotoroal Regulator
Allis Chalmers Systems with Regulex Regulator
General Electric Systems with Amplidyne or GDA Regulator
Parameters and Sample Data

Parameters for this model and their sample data are shown in this screen capture of the Exciter page:

IEEE Type (1)

IEEE Type (1)
Parameter Definitions and Units

Parameter definitions and their units are provided in the following table:
Parameter Definition Unit
VRmax Maximum value of the regulator output voltage p.u.
VRmin Minimum value of the regulator output voltage p.u.
SEmax The value of excitation function at Efdmax
SE.75 The value of excitation function at 0.75 Efdmax
Efdmax Maximum exciter output voltage p.u.
KA Regulator gain p.u.
KE Exciter constant for self-excited field p.u.
KF Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u.
TA Regulator amplifier time constant sec.
TE Exciter time constant sec.
TF Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant sec.
TR Regulator input filter time constant sec.
IEEE Type (2)

24.4.2 IEEE Type 2

IEEE Type 2 - Rotating Rectifier System (2)
This type of exciter and AVR system represents a rotating rectifier exciter with static regulator system.
Its
characteristics are similar to IEEE Type 1 exciter, except for the feedback-damping loop. This system
is
applicable to units where the main input to the damping loop is provided from the regulator output
rather
than the exciter output. To compensate for the exciter damping which is not included in the damping
loop,
the feedback transfer function contains one additional time-constant.
An example of such a system is the Westinghouse Brushless System, which was in service up to 1966.

Parameters for this model and their sample data are shown in the following screen capture:

IEEE Type (2)

IEEE Type (2)

TF1 Regulator stabilizing circuit first time constant sec.
TF2 Regulator stabilizing circuit second time constant sec.

IEEE Type (3)
24.4.3 IEEE Type 3

IEEE Type 3 - Static System with Terminal Potential and Current Supplies (3)
This type of exciter and AVR system represents static excitation systems with compound terminal
voltage
and current feedback. The regulator transfer function for this model is similar to IEEE Type 1. In this
model, the regulator output is combined with a signal, which represents the self-excitation from the
generator terminals.
An example of such a system is the General Electric SCPT System.

IEEE Type (3)


Vbmax Max. value of field voltage (saturated value) p.u.
KI Current circuit gain coefficient (on system base 100MVA) p.u.
KP Potential circuit gain coefficient p.u.
XL Reactance associated with potential source p.u.

IEEE Type (3)
TF Regulator stabilizing circuit second time constant sec.


IEEE Type (1S)
24.4.4 IEEE Type 1S

IEEE Type 1S - Controlled Rectifier System with Terminal Voltage (1S)
In this type of exciter and AVR system, excitation is obtained through terminal voltage rectification.
In
this model, the maximum regulated voltage (VRmax) is proportional to terminal voltage Vt.


IEEE Type (1S)

IEEE Type (1S)

Efdmax The value of excitation function at Efdmax p.u.
KF Exciter constant for self-excited field p.u.
KP Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u.
TF Regulator stabilizing circuit second time constant sec.

IEEE Type (DC1)
24.4.5 IEEE Type DC1
IEEE Type DC1 - DC Commutator Exciter with Continuous Voltage Regulation (DC1)
This type of exciter and AVR system is used to model field-controlled DC-Commutator exciters with
continuous voltage regulators. Examples of this model are:
Allis Chalmers Regulex regulator
General Electric Amplidyne and GDA regulator
Westinghouse Mag-A-Stat, Rototrol, Silverstat, and TRA regulators


IEEE Type (DC1)

TB Voltage regulator time constant sec.
TC Voltage regulator time constant sec.

IEEE Type (DC1)
TE Exciter time constant Sec.

TF Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant Sec.
TR Regulator input filter time constant Sec.

IEEE Type (DC2)

IEEE Type DC2 - DC Commutator Exciter with Continuous Voltage Regulation and Supplies
from
Terminal Voltage (DC2)
This type of exciter and AVR system is used for field-controlled DC commutator exciters with
continuous
voltage regulators supplied from the generator or auxiliarys bus voltage. Its only difference from
IEEE
Type DC1 is the regulator output limits, which are now proportional to terminal voltage Vt.


IEEE Type (DC2)

IEEE Type (DC2)

IEEE Type (DC3)

I
EEE Type DC3 - DC Commutator Exciter with Non-Continuous Voltage Regulation (DC3)
This type of exciter and AVR system is used for the older DC commutator exciters with noncontinuously
acting regulators.
Examples of this model are:
General Electric exciter with GFA4 regulator
Westinghouse exciter with BJ30 regulator

IEEE Type (DC3)



IEEE Type (DC3)

KV Fast raise/Lower contact setting p.u.
TRH Rheostat travel time sec.

IEEE Type (ST1)
24.4.8 IEEE Type ST1

IEEE Type ST1 - Potential-Source Controlled-Rectifier Exciter (ST1)
This type of exciter and AVR system is used to represent potential-source, controlled-rectifier
excitation
systems. This model applies to all systems supplied through a transformer from the generator
terminals.
Examples of this model include:
Canadian General Electric Silcomatic exciters
Westinghouse Canada Solid State Thyristor exciters
Westinghouse type PS static excitation systems with type WTA or WHS regulators

IEEE Type (ST1)


VImax Maximum internal signal within voltage regulator p.u.
VImin Minimum internal signal within voltage regulator p.u.
KC Regulator gain p.u.

IEEE Type (ST1)

TB Voltage Regulator amplifier time constant sec.
TC Voltage Regulator amplifier time constant sec.

IEEE Type (ST3)

IEEE Type ST2 - Static System with Terminal Potential and Current Supplies (ST2)
This type of exciter and AVR system is used for compound source rectifier excitation systems. These
systems use both current and voltage sources.
An example of this model is General Electric static exciter SCT-PPT or SCPT.

IEEE Type (ST3)



KC Regulator gain p.u.

IEEE Type (ST3)


IEEE Type (ST3)

IEEE Type ST3 - Compound Source-Controlled Rectifier Exciter (ST3)
This type of exciter and AVR system represents compound-source rectifier excitation systems. These
exciters utilize internal quantities within the generator as the source of power.
Examples of this model are:
General Electric GENERREX exciter
Shunt-Thyristor exciter

IEEE Type (ST3)


VGmax Maximum inner loop voltage feedback p.u.
VImax Maximum internal signal within voltage regulator p.u.
VImin Minimum internal signal within voltage regulator p.u.

IEEE Type (ST3)

KC Rectifier loading factor related to commutating reactance p.u.
KG Inner loop feedback constant p.u.
KJ First stage regulation gain p.u.
KPreal Real part of potential circuit gain coefficient p.u.
KPimg Reactive part of potential circuit gain coefficient p.u.
TB Exciter time constant sec.
TC Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant sec.
XL Reactance associated with potential source p.u.

IEEE Type (AC1)
24.4.11 IEEE Type AC1

IEEE Type AC1 - Alternator-Rectifier Exciter System with Non-Controlled Rectifiers and Field
Current Feedback (AC1)
This type of exciter and AVR system represents alternator-rectifier excitation systems with
noncontrolled
rectifiers and exciter field current feedback. There is no self-excitation and the source of
voltage regulator power is not affected by external transients.
Westinghouse Brushless Excitation Systems fall under this type of exciter model.

IEEE Type (AC1)



IEEE Type (AC1)

KD Demagnetizing factor p.u.

IEEE Type (AC2)

IEEE Type AC2 - High-Initial-Response Alternator-Rectifier Exciter System (AC2)
This type of exciter and AVR system represents high-initial-response, field-controlled alternatorrectifier
excitation systems. The model uses an alternator main exciter and non-controlled rectifiers. It is
similar to
IEEE Type AC1 exciter model but has two additional field current feedback loops.
An example of this model is Westinghouse High-Initial-Response Brushless Excitation System.

IEEE Type (AC2)


VAmax Maximum regulator internal voltage p.u.
VAmin Minimum regulator internal voltage p.u.

IEEE Type (AC2)

KB Second stage regulator gain p.u.

IEEE Type (AC2)

KH Exciter field current feedback gain p.u.
KL Gain of exciter field current limit p.u.
TC Regulator stabilizing circuit time constants sec.
VLR Exciter field current limit reference

IEEE Type (AC3)

IEEE Type AC3 - Field-Controlled Alternator-Rectifier Exciter (AC3)
This type of exciter and AVR system represents field-controlled, alternator-rectifier excitation
systems. It
can model systems that derive voltage regulator power from the exciter output voltage and simulate
their
non-linearity.
An example of this model is General Electric ALTERREX excitation system using static voltage
regulators.

IEEE Type (AC3)

EFDN Value of Efd at which feedback gain changes p.u.
VAmax Maximum regulator internal voltage p.u.
VAmin Minimum regulator internal voltage p.u.

IEEE Type (AC3)
VLV Exciter low voltage limit reference p.u.

KLV Gain of the exciter low voltage limit signal p.u.

IEEE Type (AC3)

KN Exciter control system stabilizer gain p.u.
KR Constant for regulator and alternator field power supply p.u.

IEEE Type (AC4)

IEEE Type AC4 - High-Initial-Response Alternator-Supplied Controlled Rectifier Exciter (AC4)
This type of exciter and AVR system represents alternator-supplied, controlled-rectifier excitation
systems. A high-initial response excitation system, it has a Thyristor bridge at the output circuit.
General Electric ALTHYREX and Rotating Thyristor excitation systems are examples of this type of
exciter.


IEEE Type (AC4)

VImax The value of excitation function at Efdmax p.u.
VImin The value of excitation function at 0.75 Efdmax p.u.


AC5A
24.4.15 IEEE Type AC5A

IEEE Type AC5A - Simplified Rotating Rectifier Excitation System (AC5A)
This type of exciter and AVR system is a simplified model for brushless excitation systems. The
regulator
is supplied from a source, such as a permanent magnet generator, which is not affected by system
disturbances.
This model can be used to represent small excitation systems such as those produced by Basler and
Electric Machinery.


AC5A

AC5A

TA1 Voltage regulator time constant sec.
TF1 Exciter control system time constant sec.

24.4.16 Basler SR8F & SR125A

Basler SR8F & SR125A Excitation System (SR8F)
This type of exciter and AVR system is used to represent Basler SR8F and SR125A Exciter Systems.




TF1 Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant sec.
TF2 Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant (Rot. Rec.) sec.

HPC 840 (HPC)
24.4.17 HPC 840

HPC 840 Excitation and AVR System (HPC)
This type of exciter and AVR system includes both forward gain and feedback damping loops. There
are
three compensation signals that regulate excitation voltages. These signals are terminal voltage
magnitude, real power generation, and reactive power generation.

HPC 840 (HPC)


Amax Regulator internal maximum limit (Amax = VImax * Ka) p.u.
Amin Regulator internal minimum limit (Amin = VImin * Ka) p.u.
Bmax Integrator upper limit (Bmax = LIMmax * Ka) p.u.
Bmin Integrator lower limit (Bmin = LIMmin * Ka) p.u.
C Combined excitation system (C = Kg * kp * Ka) p.u.

HPC 840 (HPC)
D Combined stabilizing feedback gain (D = Kd * Kf/Kp) p.u.

Efdmax Maximum Exciter output voltage p.u.
Kpow Active power compensation factor p.u.
KQ Reactive power compensation factor p.u.
SE .75 Value of excitation saturation function at 0.75 Efdmax
SEmax Value of excitation saturation function at Efdmax
TL Integration time constant sec.
T4 Excitation system total delay sec.
TD Stabilizing feedback time constant sec.
Tdsty Voltage transducer filter time constant sec.

TP Active power compensation time constant sec.
TQ Reactive power compensation time constant sec.
Control Bus Voltage feedback bus ID

JEUMONT Industrie (JEUM)
24.4.18 JEUMONT Industries

JEUMONT - JEUMONT Industrie (JEUM)
This type of exciter and AVR system consists of a voltage block, a current block, a voltage regulator
block, and an excitation block. It uses a rotating rectifier for the excitation system.



AV1 Gain of voltage control loop
AV2 Constant of voltage control loop sec.
AV3 Constant of voltage control loop sec.
AV5 Gain of reference voltage


AV7 Time constant of voltage control loop sec.
AV11 Parameter of voltage control loop
Ai1 Gain of current control loop
Ai2 Gain of supply voltage to current control loop
Ai7 Time constant of current control loop sec.
AR1 Gain of regulator
AR2 Regulator reference
KU1 Gain of terminal voltage feedback V
KU2 Gain of regulator
Vres Supply voltage of thy-bridge V

VSUP Supply voltage of current control loop V
Te Time constant of exciter loop sec.
Ke Gain of exciter loop
SEmax Saturation coefficient at maximum field voltage
SE.75max Saturation coefficient at 0.75 maximum field
voltage
Efdmax Maximum field voltage V
Kae Gain of field current feedback loop
Kif Gain of field current feedback V
Max1 Maximum value 1 of voltage control loop V
Min1 Minimum value 1 of voltage control loop V
Max4 Maximum value 4 of current control loop V
Min4 Minimum value 4 of current control loop V
Control Bus Voltage feedback bus ID


24.4.19 IEEE Type ST1D

IEEE Type ST1D- Static System with Terminal Potential and Current Supplies (ST1D)
This type of exciter and AVR system is used for compound source rectifier excitation systems with
voltsperhertz limiter. These systems use both current and voltage sources.



RC Resistive part of reactive droop compensation p.u.
XC Inductive part of reactive droop compensation p.u.
TR Transducer time constant sec.
TC Transient gain reduction lead time constant sec.
TB Transient gain reduction lag time constant sec.
KA Amplifier gain p.u.

TA Amplifier time constant sec.

KF Stabilizing feedback signal gain p.u.
TF Stabilizing feedback signal time constant sec.
KC Field current gain p.u.
VVLR Set point of V/Hz limiter p.u.
KVL Over-excitation feedback signal gain p.u.
TVL Over-excitation feedback signal time constant sec.


KVF Stabilizing feedback signal gain p.u.
TH Measurement time constant sec.
VImax Maximum error limit p.u.
VImin Minimum error limit p.u.
VRmax Maximum regular output p.u.
VRmin Minimum regular output p.u.
Vdc Field flashing battery voltage volts
Rf Field flashing battery and external circuit resistance ohms
Vref Voltage reference p.u.
TD Pickup delay time sec.
VHZ V/Hz pickup value p.u.
Ifb Exciter base current amps
Vfb Exciter base voltage volts

IEEE Type (AC8B)
24.4.20 IEEE Type AC8B


IEEE Type (AC8B)

IEEE Type (AC8B)

SEmax Saturation value of exciter at Efdmax p.u.
SE.75 Saturation value of exciter at 0.75 Efdmax p.u.
KP Proportional control gain p.u.
KI Integral control gain p.u.
KD Derivative control gain p.u.
TD Derivative control time constant sec.

IEEE Type (AC1A)

IEEE Type AC1A Exciter (AC1A)

IEEE Type (AC1A)


VAmax Maximum value of the regulator output voltage p.u.
VAmin Minimum value of the regulator output voltage p.u.
VRmax Maximum regulator internal voltage p.u.
VRmin Minimum regulator internal voltage p.u.
VUEL Underexcitation limiter p.u.

IEEE Type (AC1A)
VOEL Overexcitation limiter p.u.

SEmax Saturation value of exciter at Efdmax p.u.
SE.75 Saturation value of exciter at 0.75 Efdmax p.u.
KA Regulate gain p.u.

IEEE Type (AC1A)

KC Rectifier loading factor p.u.
KF Regulate stabilizing circuit gain p.u.
KE Exciter gain p.u.
TC Internal signal lead time constant sec.
TB Internal signal lag time constant sec.
TF Regulate stabilizing time constant sec.
TR Regulate input filter time sec.
a1 Rectifier regulation characteristic coefficient p.u.
a2 Rectifier regulation characteristic coefficient p.u.
b1 Rectifier regulation characteristic coefficient p.u.

IEEE Type (ST4B)
24.4.22 IEEE Type ST4B

IEEE ST4B Exciter

IEEE Type (ST4B)


VRmax Maximum AVR output p.u.
VRmin Minimum AVR output p.u.
VMmax Maximum inner loop output p.u.
VMmin Minimum inner loop output p.u.
VBmax Maximum Source Voltage p.u.

IEEE Type (ST4B)
VOEL Over excitation limit input p.u.

VUEL Under excitation limit input p.u.
KC Rectifier loading factor p.u.
KG Field voltage feedback gain p.u.
KI Current source constant (on system base 100MVA) p.u.
KPM Inner loop proportional gain p.u.
KIM Inner loop integral gain p.u.
KPR AVR proportional gain p.u.
KIR AVR integral gain p.u.
KPreal Real part of potential source constant p.u.
KPimg Imaginary part of potential source constant p.u.
TA AVR time constant sec.
TR AC sensor time constant sec.
XL Source leakage reactance p.u.

IEEE Type (DC4B)
24.4.23 IEEE Type DC4B

IEEE Type DC4B DC commutator exciter with PID style regulator

IEEE Type (DC4B)


IEEE Type (DC4B)

Note: Alternative VOEL and VUEL are considered as summation at the input of PID controller.
Parameters Description Unit

VRmax Maximum controller output p.u.
VRmin Minimum controller output p.u.
VEmin Exciter minimum output voltage p.u.
VOEL Overexcitation limiter output p.u.
VUEL Underexcitation limiter output p.u.
E1 Exciter flux at SE1 p.u.
SE1 Saturation factor at E1 p.u.
KP Regulator proportional gain p.u.
KI Regulator integral gain p.u.
KD Regulator derivative gain p.u.
KF Rate feedback gain p.u.
KE Exciter field proportional constant p.u.
KA Regulator output gain p.u.
TA Regulator output time constant sec.
TF Rate feedback time constant sec.
TD Regulator derivative filter time constant sec.
TE Exciter field time constant sec.

IEEE Type (AC7B)
24.4.24 IEEE Type AC7B

IEEE Type AC7B Alternator-rectifier excitation system

IEEE Type (AC7B)

IEEE Type AC7B - Dataset 1

IEEE Type (AC7B)
IEEE Type AC7B - Dataset 2

IEEE Type (AC7B)

VAmax Maximum voltage regulator output p.u.
VAmin Minimum voltage regulator output p.u.
VRmax Maximum voltage regulator output p.u.
VRmin Minimum voltage regulator output p.u.
VEmin Minimum available exciter voltage p.u.
VFEmax Maximum fast exciter current limit p.u.
KPR Regulator proportional gain p.u.

KIR Regulator integral gain p.u.
KDR Regulator derivative gain p.u.
KPA Voltage regulator proportional gain p.u.
KIA Voltage regulator integral gain p.u.
KL Low band gain p.u.
KE Exciter constant related to self-excited field p.u.
KD Demagnetizing factor, A function of exciter alternator reactances p.u.
KF1 Excitation control system stabilizer gain p.u.
KF2 Excitation control system stabilizer gain p.u.
KF3 Rate feedback loop gain p.u.
KC Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance p.u.
TE Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter
control
sec.
TF Excitation control system stabilizer time constant sec.
TDR Regulator derivative filter time constant sec.

IEEE Type (ST1A)
24.4.25 IEEE Type ST1A

IEEE Type ST1A Potential-source, controlled-rectifier exciter

IEEE Type (ST1A)

IEEE Type ST1A - Dataset 1

IEEE Type (ST1A)
IEEE Type ST1A - Dataset 2

IEEE Type (ST1A)

Note: Alternative VUEL and stabilizer input are considered as summation at the input of controller.
VImax Maximum voltage regulator input limit p.u.
VImin Minimum voltage regulator input limit p.u.
KA Voltage regulator gain p.u.
KC Rectifier loading factor proportional to
commutating reactance p.u.
KF Excitation control system stabilizer gain p.u.
KLR Exciter output current limiter gain p.u.

ILR Exciter output current limit reference p.u.
TB1 Voltage regulator time constant sec.
TC1 Voltage regulator time constant sec.
TA Voltage regulator time constant sec.

IEEE Type (AC2A)

IEEE Type AC2A High initial response alternator-rectifier excitation system with noncontrolled
rectifiers and feedback from exciter field current

IEEE Type (AC2A)


IEEE Type (AC2A)

VFEmax Maximum fast exciter current limit p.u.
KB Second stage regulator gain p.u.
KD Demagnetizing factor, A function of exciter alternator reactances p.u.
KH Exciter field current feedback gain p.u.
TE Excitation time constant, integration rate associated with exciter
control
sec.

IEEE Type (ST2A)
24.4.27 IEEE Type ST2A

IEEE Type ST2A Compound-source rectifier exciter

IEEE Type (ST2A)


IEEE Type (ST2A)

KI Regulator integral gain p.u.
TE Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control sec.
Note: Alternative VUEL input is considered as summation at the input of controller.
Note:

User-defined Dynamic Model (UDM)
24.4.28 User-defined Dynamic Model (UDM)

You can access the UDM models that have been created and saved using the exciter type list.
Details on how to use UDM models are described in User-defined Dynamic Models chapter.

ETAp-Dynamic Models Excitation System

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Dynamic Models Excitation System

ETAP 24-27 ETAP 12.0 User Guide

24.4 Excitation System

Excitation System Saturation

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Dynamic Models Excitation System

24.4.1 IEEE Type 1

Parameters and Sample Data

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Parameter Definitions and Units

Dynamic Models Excitation System

IEEE Type (2)

24.4.2 IEEE Type 2

Parameters and Sample Data

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Parameter Definitions and Units

Dynamic Models Excitation System

24.4.3 IEEE Type 3

Parameters and Sample Data

Dynamic Models Excitation System

IEEE Type (3)

Parameter Definitions and Units

Dynamic Models Excitation System

TF Regulator stabilizing circuit second time constant sec.

Dynamic Models Excitation System

24.4.4 IEEE Type 1S

Parameters and Sample Data

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Parameter Definitions and Units

Dynamic Models Excitation System

24.4.5 IEEE Type DC1

Parameters and Sample Data

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Parameter Definitions and Units

Dynamic Models Excitation System

TE Exciter time constant Sec.

Dynamic Models Excitation System

24.4.6 IEEE Type DC2

Parameters and Sample Data

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Parameter Definitions and Units

Dynamic Models Excitation System

24.4.7 IEEE Type DC3

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Parameters and Sample Data

Parameter Definitions and Units

Dynamic Models Excitation System

KE Exciter constant for self-excited field p.u.

Dynamic Models Excitation System

24.4.8 IEEE Type ST1

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Parameters and Sample Data

Parameter Definitions and Units

Dynamic Models Excitation System

TA Regulator amplifier time constant sec.

Dynamic Models Excitation System

24.4.9 IEEE Type ST2

Dynamic Models Excitation System

Parameters and Sample Data

Parameter Definitions and Units