Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Yingzhi Yin
● Introduction
● Conclusions
Introduction
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Objectives
Introduction
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Numerical Simulations by ABAQUS
● Boundary conditions:
Stiff end plates applied to beam end
sections
Spring elements applied at centre of
beam end sections
Spring couple elements applied to
the top and bottom flanges of beam
end sections relative to section
centre
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Model validation
1.5m
0.6m 0.8m 0.6m
1.5m
178x102x19UB
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Bottom flange temperature (oC)
-10
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
-30
Deflection δ (mm)
-50
-70
-90 simulation, LR=0.5
-110 simulation, LR=0.7 δ
test, LR=0.5
-130 test, LR=0.7
-150
200
150 simulation, LR=0.5
Axial reaction force R (kN)
simulation, LR=0.7 R R
100 test, LR=0.5
50 test, LR=0.7
Bottom flange temperature (oC)
0
-50 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
-100
-150
-200
-250
-300
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Fully axially restrained beams with lateral restraints
Temperature distributions
0.5T
h/8
T T
Uniform Non-uniform
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
z Uniform temperature distribution
-200 200
Temperautre (oC)
-300
Reaction (kN)
Deflection (mm)
-200 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-400
-600
-500
-600 -1000
-700
-1400
-800 8m, LR=0.7 8m, LR=0.7
5m, LR=0.7 5m, LR=0.7
-1800 8m, LR=0.4
-900 8m, LR=0.4
5m, LR=0.4
5m, LR=0.4 Axial capacity
-1000 -2200
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
z Non-uniform temperature distribution
-200 200
Maximum temperautre (oC)
-300
Reaction (kN)
Deflection (mm)
-200 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-400
-600
-500
-600 -1000
-700
-1400
-800 8m, LR=0.7 8m, LR=0.7
5m, LR=0.7 5m, LR=0.7
-1800 8m, LR=0.4
-900 8m, LR=0.4
5m, LR=0.4
5m, LR=0.4 Axial capacity
-1000 -2200
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Laterally restrained beams with different levels
of axial restraint
Maximum temperature (oC) 400
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-100 200
-200
Maximum temperature (oC)
0
-300 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Reaction (kN)
Deflection (mm)
-400 -200
-500
-400
-600
KA=0.02EA/L KA=0.02EA/L
-700 -600
KA=0.05EA/L KA=0.05EA/L
-800 KA=0.15EA/L KA=0.15EA/L
KA=0.30EA/L -800 KA=0.30EA/L
-900 KA=EA/L KA=EA/L
Fully restrained Fully restrained
-1000 -1000
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Laterally restrained beams with different levels
of rotational restraint
Maximum temperature (oC) 400
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 200
-100
Maximum temperature (oC)
0
-200 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-200
-300
Reaction (kN)
Deflection (mm)
-400
-400
-600
-500
-800
-600
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Effect of lateral torsional buckling
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Maximum temperature ( oC)
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-100
-200
In plane deflection (mm)
-300
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Maximum temperature ( oC)
200
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-200
-400
Reaction (kN)
-600
-800
-1800
ABAQUS
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Hand Calculation Method
P P
q
KA KA
KR KR
MP
FT FT x
MR δ m + δt MR
z
MT MT
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Equilibrium equations
∆Lm 1 1 L 1
FT = K A' ε m = K A' = + +
L K A' K A ET A K A
MT = ET I y ϕm x= L
2
1 1 L 1
M R = KR' θ x=0 = + +
KR' KR ET I y KR
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Deflection profiles
z ( x) = z m ( x) + z t ( x)
1/ 2
L
2
dz
∆Lm = ∆L − ∆Lt ∆L = ∫ 1 + dx − L ∆Lt = αTL
0
dx
d 2 zm dz
ϕm x=
L = θ =
2 dx 2 x=
L x =0
dx x =0
2
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
z Uniform temperature distribution
zt = 0
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
z Non-uniform temperature distribution
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Axial load & bending moment interaction
1
1−γ M F
0.9 + =1
1−
(1+α) γ 2
2
M p Fp
0.8
α [2(1 + β ) + α ]
0.7
0.6
PNA at web/flange junction
F/Fp
0.5
(1 + α ) 2 γ 2
0.4 1 − , γ
α=
Aw α [2(1 + β ) + α ]
0.3 2 Af
t 2
0.2 β=
h0 M
+
(1+ α )
2
F
=1
0.1 γ =
Aw M p α [2(1 + β ) + α ] F p
2 A f + Aw
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
M/Mp
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Validation
● Complete axial restraint, zero rotational restraint
uniform temperature, UDL
Reaction (kN)
-400 Temperautre (oC)
Deflection (mm)
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-600
-500
-800
ABAQUS,LR= 0.4
ABAQUS,LR=0.4 -1000 ABAQUS,LR= 0.7
-1000 ABAQUS,LR=0.7 HCM,LR= 0.4
HCM,LR=0.4 HCM,LR=0.7
HCM,LR=0.7 Tensile capacity
-1200 -1500
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
● Complete axial restraint, zero rotational restraint
non-uniform temperature, central point load
-200 500
Reaction (k N)
-400 Maximum temperautre (oC)
Deflection (mm)
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-600
-500
-800
ABAQUS,LR= 0.4
ABAQUS,LR=0.4 -1000 ABAQUS,LR= 0.7
-1000 ABAQUS,LR=0.7 HCM,LR= 0.4
HCM,LR=0.4 HCM,LR=0.7
HCM,LR=0.7 Tensile capacity
-1200 -1500
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
● Different levels of axial restraint, zero rotational restraint
uniform temperature, central point load, load ratio = 0.7
-200
Temperature (oC)
0
-300 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Deflection (mm)
-400
Reaction (kN)
-200
-500
-400
-600
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
● Different levels of axial restraint, zero rotational restraint
non-uniform temperature, central point load, load ratio = 0.7
-200
Maximum temperature (oC)
0
-300 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Deflection (mm)
-400
Reaction (kN)
-200
-500
-400
-600
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
● Different levels of rotational restraint, complete axial restraint
uniform temperature, UDL, load ratio = 0.7
Reaction (kN)
Deflection (mm)
-400 -500
-500
-750
-600
ABAQUS,KR= ∞ -1000 ABAQUS,KR= ∞
-700 ABAQUS,KR=EI/L ABAQUS,KR=EI/L
ABAQUS,KR=0.1EI/L ABAQUS,KR=0.1EI/L
ABAQUS,KR=0 -1250 ABAQUS,KR=0
-800
HCM,KR= ∞ HCM,KR=∞
HCM,KR=EI/L -1500 HCM,KR=EI/L
-900 HCM,KR=0.1EI/L HCM,KR=0.1EI/L
HCM,KR=0 HCM,KR=0
-1000 -1750
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
● Different levels of rotational restraint, complete axial restraint
uniform temperature, central point load, load ratio = 0.7
Reaction (kN)
Deflection (mm)
-400 -600
-500
-900
-600
ABAQUS,KR=∞ -1200 ABAQUS,KR=∞
-700 ABAQUS,KR=EI/L ABAQUS,KR=EI/L
ABAQUS,KR=0.1EI/L ABAQUS,KR=0.1EI/L
ABAQUS,KR=0 -1500 ABAQUS,KR=0
-800
HCM,KR=∞ HCM,KR=∞
HCM,KR=EI/L -1800 HCM,KR=EI/L
-900 ∞
HCM,KR=0.1EI/L HCM,KR=0.1EI/L
HCM,KR=0 HCM,KR=0
-1000 -2100
HCM
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
Conclusions
Conclusions
Manchester Centre for Civil and Construction Engineering
StiFF Meeting September 23, 2003
Thank you!