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Exam 8 April 2015, questions and answers

Aerodynamics II (Technische Universiteit Delft)

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Delft University of Technology

DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Course: Aerodynamics 2;

Code: AE2130-III

Date: Wednesday 8 April 2015

Course year: 2
Time: 14:00 17:00

On the top of each answer sheet write: initials, name, student number, sheet number/total number of sheets
This exam consists of 5 questions.

Problem 1 [20 points]

An airfoil is schematically represented as a flat plate with flap (see figure below). The airfoil is immersed in
a supersonic flow at M = 2. For the present case = 0.8c, = 3o and = 3o. You may use linear theory to
answer this question.

i.

Draw the flow around the geometry and indicate streamlines, shock waves, expansion waves and slip
lines.
ii. Compute the pressure coefficient for the lower and upper side as function of x and plot them in a figure.
cp,l = 0.0605 for 0<x/c<0.8 and cp,l = 0.121 for 0.8<x/c<1
cp,u = -0.0605 for 0<x/c<0.8 and cp,u = -0.121 for 0.8<x/c<1
iii. Determine the drag and lift coefficient of this airfoil. cl = 0.145, cd = 0.0101
iv. For which value of is the lift coeficient at this angle of attack equal to zero? = 15o
Problem 2 [15 points]
Consider a shockwave with an angle of = 25o that impinges on a wall at point p (as shown in the left
figure), the free stream Mach number is M = 3.

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i. Compute the Mach number and pressure coefficient in region 3. M3 = 2.32, cp,3 = 0.28
ii. The same question as above but now there is a kink in the wall (right figure) at point p with = 15o.
M3 = 3.01, cp,3 = -0.0048

Problem 3 [20 points]

i. Consider a Pitot tube in a supersonic flow. Derive the Rayleigh-Pitot tube formula, equation [8.80] in the
formula sheet.
ii. Consider an aircraft flying at 7 km, at this height the pressure is 41 kPa and the temperature is 243 K.
The pitot tube on the nose of the aircraft measures a pressure of 230 kPa. Compute the following:
a. Mach number of the aircraft M = 2.0
b. Velocity of the aircraft V = 625 m/s
c. Temperature at the stagnation point T0 = 437.4 K
d. Pressure at the stagnation point p0,2 = 230 kPa

Problem 4 [23 points]

We want to design a blowdown wind tunnel that exits directly into the ambient at a pressure of 100 kPa. In
order to operate the wind tunnel a compressor is used that can provide a maximum mass flow of 2 kg/s
through the wind tunnel and a maximum pressure of 360 kPa in the settling chamber. The total temperature is
300 K
i. What is the maximum Mach number at which the wind tunnel can be operated? M = 3
ii. What is the largest possible cross section (in m2) of the test section and what is the corresponding throat
cross section (in m2)? Atest = 10.1 x 10-3 m2
iii. In order to make the tunnel more efficient during operation, a diffusor is added. What is the minimum
diffusor cross section such that the tunnel can be properly operated? Adif = 7.26 x 10-3 m2

Problem 5 [22 points]

Consider a subsonic compressible flow in carthesian coordinates where the perturbation velocity potential is
given by:
, =

!"
!
!!!!

!!!

! !
!!!!

sin 2

The free stream properties are: V = 200 m/s, p = 150 kPa, T = 250 K.
i. Compute the Mach number at location (x,y) = (0.8,0.2) M = 0.71
ii. Compute the pressure coefficient at the wall at x = 0.8 cp = -0.83 (or cp = -0.5 from cp = -2/V)

Values of gas properties

Universal gas constant: R0 = 8314 J/Kmol K; Air gas constant: Rair = 287 J/Kg K;
Specific heat of air: Cp = 1004 J/Kg K

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