API 510 Quick Notes

API 510 Course
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(Calculations InternalandExternalInspectionIntervals)
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API510 Calculations
ShortTermCorrosionRate
LongTermCorrosionRate
tprevious tactual
CRST = #ofyearsbetweentprevious &tactual
Remaining Life
tactual
RL =
Section7,par
7.1.1
tinitial tactual
CRLT = #ofyearsbetweentprevious &tactual
InternalInspectionInterval
,QWHUYDO=
trequired
/HVVHU RIRI5/RU \HDUV
CorrosionRate
ExternalInspectionInterval
RequiredThickness
W=
Minimum
Thickness
35
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,QWHUYDO=
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InternalorOnstream Interval
Lesserof10yrs orRemaininglife
WP =
WF
ifremaininglifeislessthan4yrs,fulllife
upto2years
Remaininglifeis2yearsorless,interval
isFULLLIFE
&RUURVLRQ5DWH&DOFXODWLRQV
&RUURVLRQUDWHHTXDWLRQV
ShortTermCorrosionRate
CRST =
tprevious tactual_LAST
#ofyearsbetweentprevious &tactual_LAST
LongTermCorrosionRate
tinitial tactual_LAST
CRLT = #ofyearsbetweentInitial &tactual_LAST
Variables forThicknessCalcs
WLQLWLDO
WDFWXDO
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WSUHYLRXV
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8QLIRUP&RUURVLRQ
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3LWWLQJ&RUURVLRQ
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10
Section7,par
7.1.1
6KRUWWHUPFRUURVLRQUDWH
Corrosionrate
tprevious tlast
#ofyearsbetweentprevious&tlast
/RQJWHUPFRUURVLRQUDWH
/RQJ7HUP
=
&RUURVLRQUDWH
tinitial tlast
#ofyearsbetweentinitial &tlast
11
3UDFWLFH4XHVWLRQ
Section7,par
7.1.1
$YHVVHOKDVEHHQLQVHUYLFHIRU\HDUV7KHRULJLQDOVKHOOWKLFNQHVVZDVDQG)XOO57ZDV
SHUIRUPHGGXULQJIDEULFDWLRQ7KHUHTXLUHGWKLFNQHVVLV /DVWPHDVXUHGWKLFNQHVVWDNHQ\HDUV
DJRLQGLFDWHGDUHPDLQLQJWKLFNQHVVRI:KDWLV6KRUW7HUPFRUURVLRQUDWH"
12
Section7,par
7.1.1
3UDFWLFH4XHVWLRQ
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Corrosionrate
tprevious tlast
tprevious = 0.875
tlast = 0.865
=
0.875 0.865
5
= 0.002 inch/yr
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13
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14
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Thickness
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Yearsofservice
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Determined by SHORT term or Long Term Calculations
(API 510, par 7.1.1.2)
Newly installed or Change in Service (API 510, par 7.1.2)

1.
2.
3.
4.
Calculated from data of vessels in similar service.

Estimated from Owner-User experience
Published Data
On-stream determination after 1000 hrs of service.
May have different corrosion-rates for large vessels with

multiple zones. (API 510, par 6.5.3)
19
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Section7,par
7.2.1
Remaining Life
RL =
tactual_Last
trequired
CorrosionRate
Variables forRemainingLifeCalcs
WDFWXDO
WUHTXLUHG
DFWXDORU/$67WKLFNQHVVPHDVXUHG

WKLFNQHVVUHTXLUHGIRULQWHUQDOSUHVVXUHDVFDOFXODWHGE\GHVLJQ
IRUPXODVEHIRUHFRUURVLRQDOORZDQFHDQGPDQXIDFWXUHU
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24
3UDFWLFH4XHVWLRQ
Section7,par
7.2.1
SHUIRUPHGGXULQJIDEULFDWLRQ7KHUHTXLUHGWKLFNQHVVLV&XUUHQWPHDVXUHGWKLFNQHVVLQGLFDWHV
DUHPDLQLQJWKLFNQHVVRI:KDWLV5HPDLQLQJOLIH"
25
Section7,par
7.2.1
3UDFWLFH4XHVWLRQ
/RRNLQJDWWKHIRUPXODIRU5HPDLQLQJ/LIHZKDWLV81.2:1"
5HPDLQLQJ/LIH =
trequired
tlast
Corrosionrate
:KDWLV.QRZQ"
tprevious
0.625
tlast
0.600
8QNQRZQ"
Corrosionrate = ?????
SincetheCORROSIONRATEisunknown,the1st Stepistodeterminethe
Corrosionrate.
26
3UDFWLFH4XHVWLRQ
trequired
tlast
Corrosionrate
5HPDLQLQJ/LIH =
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6WHS &DOFXODWHWKH&25526,215$7(
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tprevious tlast
tprevious
0.625
tlast
0.600
0.625 0.600
8
RI\HDUVEHWZHHQ
3UHYLRXVDQG/DVW
\HDUV
= 0.003
27
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6WHS &DOFXODWHWKH5(0$,1,1*/,)(
5HPDLQLQJ/LIH
tlast
trequired
:KDWLV.QRZQ"
Corrosionrate
trequired = 0.575
=
0.600 0.575
0.003
8 yrs
tlast = 0.600
Corrosionrate = 0.003
28
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29
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,QWHUQDO,QVSHFWLRQ,QWHUYDOV(API 510 par 6.5.1.1)
Section6,par
6.5.1v
Internal or on-stream inspections shall not exceed one half the remaining life of the
vessel or 10 years, whichever is less.
Whenever the remaining life is less than four years, the inspection interval may be the
full remaining life up to a maximum of two years.
([WHUQDO,QVSHFWLRQ,QWHUYDOV(API 510 par 6.5.1.1)

Interval not exceed the lesser of 5 years or the internal/on-stream interval..
ThicknessInspectionIntervals
Should be part of the inspection plan, but no interval requirements mentioned in API510 (API 510 par 5.5.1)
CUIInspectionIntervals
Section5,par
5.5.1
Should be part of the inspection plan, but no interval requirements mentioned in API510 (API 510 par 5.5.1)
SHALL be considered for insulated vessels in intermittent service or operates
between;
10oF and 350oF for carbon steel and alloy steels

140oF and 400oF for austenitic stainless steels
31
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3UDFWLFH4XHVWLRQ
Section6,par
6.5.1v
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32
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5HPDLQLQJ/LIH =
trequired
tlast
Corrosionrate
tprevious
0.625
tlast
0.600
Section7,par
7.2.1
8QNQRZQ"
Corrosionrate = ?????
SincetheCORROSIONRATEisunknown,the1st Stepistodeterminethe
Corrosionrate.
33
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trequired
tlast
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tprevious tlast
tprevious
0.625
tlast
0.600
0.625 0.600
= 0.003
Section7,par
7.1.1
RI\HDUVEHWZHHQ
3UHYLRXVDQG/DVW
\HDUV
34
3UDFWLFH4XHVWLRQ
Section7,par
7.2.1
6WHS &DOFXODWHWKH5(0$,1,1*/,)(
5HPDLQLQJ/LIH
tlast
trequired
:KDWLV.QRZQ"
Corrosionrate
trequired = 0.575
=
0.600 0.575
0.003
8 yrs
tlast = 0.600
Corrosionrate = 0.003
35
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InternalInspectionInterval=4years
36
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37
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Section6,par
6.4.1
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HEAD
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Whatisthetemperaturerangethattemperembrittlementoccurs
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interval
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Section7,par
7.4.3
Rule#1
Remaining Thickness below pit is
greater than the Required Thickness
Vessel Thickness
= 2.0
Depth of Pit
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Corrosion Allowance = 0.250

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45
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Section7,par
7.4.3
Rule#2
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Section7,par
7.4.3
Rule#3
Sumofthelengthofpitswithinany8line,mustbelessthan2
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Section7,par
7.4.3
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Section7,par
7.4.3
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Minimum allowed remaining thickness below the pit is the required thickness,
Therefore, the minimum thickness allowed at the deepest pit is;
( required thickness = 1.250/2 = 0.625)
Corrosionallowance
Required
Thickness
Remainingthickness
belowpit
ofRequired
Thickness
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Section7,par
7.4.3
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a.
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c.
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Pitscanbeignored
Pitsareunacceptablebasedonsumofthepitdimensionsalonga8straightline.
Pitsareunacceptableduetototalareaofpittingwithinan8diametercircle.
Pitsareunacceptableduetoinsufficientremainingthicknessbelowthedeepestpit.
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Section7,par
7.4.3
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Section5,par
5.1
A. Inspection plan must be established for all

pressure vessels and pressure-relieving devices.
B. Inspection plan developed by inspector or
engineer.
C. Corrosion-specialist must be consulted for
inspection plan for vessels operating above 750oF.
D. Inspection plan shall be evaluated based on
present or possible types of damage mechanisms.
E. Methods and extent of NDE shall be evaluated to
assure they can adequately identify the damage
mechanism and severity of damage.
59
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Section5,par
5.1
F. Examinations must be scheduled at intervals that consider;

A. Type of damage
B. Rate of damage
C. Tolerance of equipment to the damage
D. Probability of the NDE methods to detect the damage
E. Maximum intervals as defined in API 510
G. Minimum Contents of Inspection Plan
A. Type of inspection needed
B. Next inspection date for each type inspection (internal,
external, etc)
C. Describe inspection and NDE techniques
D. Describe extent and locations of inspection and NDE
E. Describe the cleaning requirements
F. Describe the requirements of any needed pressure test
G. Describe any required repairs
60
7\SHVRI,QVSHFWLRQ
Section5
A. General
Inspections should be conducted in accordance with the inspection
plan
Prior to performing an inspection, the inspector should be familiar
with;
Thorough understanding of the inspection plan
Operating conditions since the last inspection (API 572 par 9.1)
Applicable damage mechanisms
Prior history
New inspection intervals shall be established if operating temp
increases, operating pressure increases or process fluid changes.
(API
510 par. 6.2.2)

61
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% ,QWHUQDO,QVSHFWLRQ
Interval is lesser of remaining life or 10 years. If remaining life is LESS than 4
years, interval can be the full remaining life up to max of 2 years. (API 510 par 6.5.1.1).
SHALL be conducted by the inspector (API 510 par 5.5.2.1)
Primary reason for internal inspection is to find damage that cannot be found by
external CMLs (API 510 par 5.5.2.1)
Internal inspection performed inside the vessel (API 510 par 5.5.2.1)
Internals may need to be removed to facilitate the internal inspection. Likely will
not need to remove 100% of the internals. (API 510 par 5.5.2.2)
Inspector should consult with Corrosion Specialist to determine if it is necessary
to remove any linings and/or deposits (API 510 par 5.5.2.3)
Vessels in non-continuous service, the interval is based on number of years of
actual service, instead of calendar years, provided the vessel when idled is
separated from process stream & not exposed to corrosive streams.
62
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C. On-stream Inspection
Interval same as INTERNAL inspection.
Should be conducted by either an inspector or examiner. (API 510 par
5.5.3.1)
On-stream inspections performed by examiners shall be

authorized/approved by the inspector (API 510 par 5.5.3.1)
Inside of vessel inspected from outside vessel. (API 510 par 5.5.3.2)
63
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D. External Inspection
Performed by inspector or qualified others (qualified

with appropriate training). (API 510 par 5.5.4.1.1)
Interval is lesser of 5 years or the internal interval.
External inspections check; (API 510 par 5.5.4.1.2)
Condition of Outside surface of vessel

Condition of Insulation system
Condition of Coating system
Condition of Supports
For leaks
Hot spots
Vibration damage
Allowance for expansion
Bulging, misalignment, distortion, etc
Conditions discovered by others, must be reported to

inspector. (API 510 par 5.5.4.1.3)
64
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E. Thickness Inspection
Performed by inspector or examiner. (API 510 par 5.5.5.1)
No required interval.
Inspector should consult with corrosion-specialist when short term
corrosion-rate changes significantly. (API 510 par 5.5.5.3)
Owner-user is responsible for assuring individuals taking thickness
readings are trained and qualified (API 510 par 5.5.5.4)
7\SHVRI,QVSHFWLRQ
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F. CUI Inspection
Performed by inspector or other qualified personnel (i.e. same as external)
Shall be considered for; (API 510 par 5.5.6.1)
Carbon steel and low alloy operating between 10oF and 350oF.
Stainless steel operating between 140oF and 400oF.
Usually causes localized corrosion damage (API 510 par 5.5.6.2)
Susceptible locations include; (API 510 par 5.5.6.2)
Insulation or stiffening rings
Nozzles and manways
Structural penetrations (ladder clips, pipe supports, etc)
Damage insulation
Insulation with failed caulking
Top and bottom heads
CUI inspection may require some or all insulation (API 510 par 5.5.6.3)
Insulation may not need to be removed if; (API 510 par 5.5.6.3)
Insulation is in good condition and there is no reason to suspect damage behind
the insulation;
CUI inspection can be performed with UT from ID of vessel.
66
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WeldJointCATERGORY isthelocationofajointinapressurevessel
SubSectionB,
UW,General,
UW3
Category A:
Alllongitudinalweldsinshellandnozzles
Allweldsinheads,Hemiheadtoshellweldjoint
Category B:
Allcircumferentialweldsinshellandnozzles
Headtoshelljoint(otherthanHemispherical.)
Category C and D are flange welds and nozzle attachment welds respectively
Longitudinal welds (Category A) are more critical than Circumferential welds (Category B)
because they are under double stress.
This the reason why in different part of ASME code we have stringent rules in category A
joint compared to category B joint.
67
:HOG-RLQW7\SHV
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
UW12
Weld Joint Types

7\SH 'RXEOHZHOGHGEXWWMRLQWV
7\SH 6LQJOHZHOGHGZLWKEDFNLQJ
7\SH 6LQJOHZHOGHGZLWKRXWEDFNLQJ
68
:HOG-RLQW7\SHV
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
UW12
Weld Joint Types

7\SH 'RXEOH)XOO)LOOHW/DS-RLQW
7\SH 6LQJOH)XOO)LOOHW/DS-RLQW
ZLWKSOXJZHOG
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ZLWKRXWSOXJZHOG
69
5DGLRJUDSK\
TypeofRadiography
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
UW11
SubSectionC,
CCS,Design,
UCS57
Full asrequiredbytheCode(seeUW11(a)),andUCS57
Spot CategoryBandCweldsthatarenotrequiredtobe
radiographedbyUW11(a)(5)(b).
None
CodeRequiredRT(UW11(a)andUW11(b)
BasedonService,ThicknessorWeldingProcess
UserSpecifiedRT
Theusercanestablishthetypeofjointanddegreeofexaminationwhen
therulesofCodedoesnotrequireradiography(seeUW12)
70
5DGLRJUDSK\
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
UW11a
FULLRT RequiredbyCODE
FULLRT
Allbuttweldsinshell&headsinlethalservice
Allbuttweldsinshell&headswiththickness>11/2orperUCS57
Allbuttweldsinshell&headsofunfiredboilerswith;
Pressureexceeding50psigorthickness>11/2orperUCS57
Buttweldsinnozzles>10NPSor>11/8thickness
CategoryAandDweldsinshellsandheads,wherejoint
efficiencyisbasedonTableUW12
ButtweldsmadeusingElectrogas&Electroslagprocess
SpotRT
CategoryBandCbuttweldsintersectingCatAweldsinshellsandheads
CategoryBandCbuttweldsconnectingseamlessheadsorshells
127(&DWHJRU\ $ %ZHOGVPXVWEH7\SHRU7\SHZHOGVVHH7DEOH8:
71
5DGLRJUDSK\
When and where is there a code requirement for full radiography?
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
UW11
Item 1: Allbuttweldsinvesselsusedtocontainalethalsubstance(UW11(a)).Lethalsubstanceshavespecific
definitionsinASMECodeinUW2anditistheresponsibilityoftheendusertodetermineiftheyordered
avesselthatcontainslethalsubstances.
Item 2: All butt welds in vessels in which the nominal thickness exceeds specified values (UW11(a). You can find
these values in subsection C, in UCS57. For example, this value for PNo.1 in UCS57 is 1 inch. Nozzles
larger than 10 NPS or thickness greater than 1 1/8.
SubSectionC,
Item 3: All butt welds in an unfired steam boiler with design pressure > 50 psi (UW11(a)).
UCS,Design,
UCS57
Item 4: All category A and D butt welds in vessel when Full Radiography optionally selected from table UW
12(column (a) in this table is selected); and categories B and C which intersect Category A shall meet the
spot radiography requirement (UW11(a) (5) (b)).
The point is this: items 1, 2 and 3 are similar, but item 4 is completely different. In items 1, 2 and 3 it is mandated by
code; to do full radiography in all butt welds in vessel so it means it is mandatory for designer to select column (a) in
UW12 table.
But in item 4, there is no mandating rule. A manufacturer with its own decision has chosen to use column (a) in table
UW12 for full radiography.
72
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a. Items 1, 2 and 3 from the previous slide; RT is related to the type of welds and
services.
b. Pressure vessels in these items are critical from a safety point of view, one
contains a lethal substance, the other one has a high thickness, which
implicates high pressure, and the last one is an unfired steam boiler
c. Item 4 has no criticality like the other items have.
d. But you should note all 4 items have been categorized in full radiography
clause( U11(a)), so to differentiate item 1, 2 and 3 from item 4, the RT
symbols are used in Code (UG116).
73
5DGLRJUDSK\
SubSection
A,UG,Design,
UG116
RT1: Items1,2and3,(E=1),Allbuttweldsfulllengthradiography
RT2: Item4(E=1),CategoryAandDbuttweldsfulllengthradiography
andcategoryBandCbuttweldsspotRadiography
RT3: (E=0.85),Spotradiographybuttwelds
RT4: (E=0.7),Partial/Noradiography
You need to consider the hemispherical head joint to shell as category A, but ellipsoidal
and torispherical head joint to shell as category B;
Do you know why? Why ASME considered the stringent rule for pressure vessel RT test in
hemispherical head joint?
It is because this joint is more critical, because the thickness obtained from the
formula for hemispherical head approximately would be half of the shell thickness;
It means if the shell thickness is 1 inch, the hemispherical head thickness would be
0.5 inch.
74
5DGLRJUDSK\
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
UW11
SpotRT RequiredbyCODE
B and C welds that are not required to be radiographed by UW11(a)(5)(b)
Type 1 and Type 2 butt welds that are not required to be
radiographed by UW-11(a).
RTMarkings
RT 1 and RT 2 - FULL Radiography
RT 3
- Spot Radiography
RT 4
- Combo Radiography
SubSection
A,UG,Design,
UG116
RTmarkingsarelocatedonNameplate
75
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SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
TableUW12
Joint Efficiency is based on;

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SubSection
A,UG,Design,
UG116
RT1
E=1
RT2
E=1
E=1
RT3
E=0.85
RT4
E=0.70
E=1
E=0.85
81
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JointEfficiencybasedonRadiography
RT1 FullRTperUW11(a),exceptUW(a)(5)
UseColumnaofTableUW12
ForSeamlessheads&shellsE=1
SubSection
A,UG,Design,
UG116
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
TableUW12
RT2 FullRTperUW11(a)(5)
UseColumnaofTableUW12
ForseamlessheadsandshellsE=1
RT3 SpotradiographyperUW11(b)
UseColumnbofTableUW12
Forseamlessheads&shellsE=1
RT4 CombinationofRT1,RT2andRT3
NoRT noradiographyatall
UseColumncofTableUW12
ForseamlessshellsandheadsE=0.85
RTStamping
82
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RT1
or
RT2
RT3
RT4
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
TableUW12
NOTE:ForWeldtypes3,4,5,and6,RTcannotbeusedtoincreasethejointefficiency.
83
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Joint Efficiency For Seamless Parts
WeldType
Spot RT
NoRT
1.0
0.85
1.0
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,
ParUW
11(a)(5)(a)&(b)
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,Par
UW12d
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isthejointefficiencyfor;
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A seamless head _________?
SubSectionB,UW,
Design,ParUW
11(a)(5)(a)&(b)and
TableUW12
SubSectionB,
UW,Design,Par
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InspectionandTesting,
UG98(a)(b)
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(atbottomofthewatercolumn)
6WDWLF+HDG
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ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
UG98(a)(b)
ASMESecVIII,UG98
2ft
WhatisMAWPofeachcomponentfora48ft tall
verticalvesselwithellipsoidalheadsandaMAWP
of500psig?
N1
6 ft
44ft
8ft
36ft
VesselMAWP=500psig
VesselMAWPisthegagepressureattheTOPof
thevessel,includingStaticheadpressure.Reference
UG98(a)(b)
N2
2ft
6 ft
MAWPofN1=________
MAWPofN2=_________
MAWPofTophead=_________
MAWPofBtm head=_________
MAWPoftheshell=_________
6
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ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
UG98(a)(b)
ASMESecVIII,UG98
2ft
WhatisMAWPofeachcomponentfora48ft tall
verticalvesselwithellipsoidalheadsandaMAWP
of500psig?
N1
6 ft
44ft
8ft
36ft
VesselMAWP=500psig
VesselMAWPisthegagepressureattheTOPof
thevessel,includingStaticheadpressure.Reference
UG98(a)(b)
N2
2ft
6 ft
500psig+(6x0.433)=500+2.6=502.60psig
MAWPofN1=________
500psig+(42x0.433)=500+18.19=518.19psig
MAWPofN2=_________
500psig+(2x0.433)=500+0.87=500.87psig
MAWPofTophead=_________
500psig+(48x0.433)=500+20.78=520.78psig
MAWPofBtm head=_________
500psig+(46x0.433)=500+19.92=519.92psig
MAWPoftheshell=_________
7
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
UG98(a)(b)
ASMESecVIII,UG98
6WDWLF+HDG
, 3DUW6WDWLF+HDG
WhatisMAWPofthisvessel?
Part
Part
MAWP
Top
head
510psig
N1
500psig
N2
495psig
Shell
510psig
Btm
Head
507psig
Static
Head
0ft
2ft
Pressureat
Topof
Vessel
N1
8ft
10ft
N2
42ft
48ft
50ft
9HVVHO0$:3YV 3DUW0$:3
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
UG98(a)(b)
, 9HVVHO 3DUW0$:3
PracticeQuestion#1
Ifthisvesselisbeinghydrostaticallytestedat200
psig,whatisthepressureatthebottomofthe
vessel?
2ft
6 ft
N1
66ft
8ft
PracticeQuestion#2
IftheMAWPofthevesselis550psig,whatisthe
MAWPofN2?
58ft
N2
6 ft
2ft
PracticeQuestion#3
IftheMAWPoftheshellofthevesselis564psig,
whatistheMAWPofN1?
Usethisvesseltoanswer
thesepracticequestions
9
7RWDO3UHVVXUH
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
UG98(a)(b)
, 7RWDO3UHVVXUH
PracticeQuestion#4
2ft
Ifavesselisbeinghydrostaticallytestedat400
psig,whatisthepressureatN2?
6 ft
N1
66ft
8ft
PracticeQuestion#5
58ft
N2
Duringahydrotest ofavessel,ifthepressureatthe
bottomofthevesselis635psig,whatisthe
2ft
pressureatN1?
6 ft
PracticeQuestion#6
Duringahydrotest ofavessel,ifthepressureatN2
is528psig,whatisthepressureatthetopofthe
vessel?
Usethisvesseltoanswer
thesepracticequestions
10
NOTE:PerASMESectionVIII,UG99(c.),thehydrotest pressureisthepressureatthetopofthevessel.
,QWHUQDO3UHVVXUH
ASMESecVIII,UG21andAppendix3(par32)
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
UG98(a)(b)
, 'HVLJQ3UHVVXUH
Designpressureisthepressureusedinthedesignofavesselcomponent
togetherwithcoincidenttemperatureforthepurposeofdeterminingthe
minimumpermissiblethicknessforeachcomponent.Designpressure
includesstaticheadpressure.
NOTE:Designpressureistheminimumpressureusedtodesignthevessel(i.e.usedtodeterminetherequired
thicknessofeachcomponent.
,, 0$:3
Maximumallowableworkingpressure(MAWP)isthemaximumpressure
permissibleatthetopofthevesselinitsnormaloperatingposition.MAWPis
adjustedforthedifferenceinstaticheadthatmayexistbetweenforthepart
consideredandthetopofthevessel.
,,, 'HVLJQ3UHVVXUHYV 0$:3

Designpressureisthepressurefortheprocess(processpressureplus
statichead).MAWPisthemaximumpressureratingforeachpart
and/orvessel.
11
6KHOO0LQLPXP5HTXLUHG7KLFNQHVV
ASMESecVIII,UG27(c.)(1)
, 7KHUHTXLUHGWKLFNQHVVRIDF\OLQGULFDOVKHOO
EDVHGRQFLUFXPIHUHQWLDOVWUHVVJLYHQD
SUHVVXUH8*F
Variables
t=PR/(SE)(0.6P)
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG27(c.)(1)
t=requiredthickness
inches
P=DesignPressure
psi
R=InsideRadius ofshell inches
S=AllowableStress
psi
E=JointEfficiency
12
PracticeQuestion#7
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG27(c.)(1)
A60tallverticalvesselhasaninsidediameterof8anddesignedfor300psig@450deg
F.Allowablestressofthematerialofconstructionis17,500psiandthejointefficiencyis
0.85.Whatistheminimumrequiredthickness?
13
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG27(c.)(1)
PracticeQuestion#7
A60tallverticalvesselhasaninsidediameterof8anddesignedfor300psig@450deg
F.Allowablestressofthematerialofconstructionis17,500psiandthejointefficiencyis
0.85.Whatistheminimumrequiredthickness?
t
PR
(SE)(0.6P)
300
=
(
17500
48
) (
14400
0.85
14875
14400
180 )
0.6
300
Variables
t=requiredthickness
inches
P=DesignPressure
psi
S=AllowableStress
psi
E=JointEfficiency
14695
0.980
inches
14
PracticeQuestion#8
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG27(c.)(1)
Avesselhasaninsidediameterof60anddesignedfor150psig@350deg F.
Allowablestressofthematerialofconstructionis18,000psiandthejoint
efficiencyis1.0Whatistheminimumrequiredthickness?
15
PracticeQuestion#9
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG27(c.)(1)
Avesselhasaninsideradiusof48anddesignedfor250psig@500deg F.
Allowablestressofthematerialofconstructionis17,000psiandthejoint
efficiencyis.90Whatistheminimumrequiredthickness?
16
6SKHUH0LQLPXP5HTXLUHG7KLFNQHVV
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG27(d)
,
7KHUHTXLUHGWKLFNQHVVRID6SKHUHLVJLYHQE\8*G
PR
t =
(2SE)(0.2P)
Variables
inches
t=requiredthickness
P=DesignPressure
psi
psi
S=AllowableStress
E=JointEfficiency
17
PracticeQuestion#10
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG27(d)
Aspherehasaninsideradiusof12ft anddesignedfor250psig@500deg F.

Allowablestressofthematerialofconstructionis17,000psiandtheweldsare
singlebuttweldedwithbackingandvesselisstampedRT2.Whatisthe
minimumrequiredthickness?
18
PracticeQuestion#11
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG27(d)
AspherehasanIDof36ft anddesignedfor30psig@400deg F.Allowable

stressofthematerialofconstructionis15,000psiandthejointefficiencyis0.80
Whatistheminimumrequiredthickness?
19
9HVVHO+HDGV
h=1/4D
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(d)
D=Insidediameter
LongAxis
Ellipsoidalheadsareknownas2to1heads.2to1comes
fromthefactthatanellipsoidalheadis1/2ofaellipse.An
ellipsehasalongaxisthatis2xtheshortaxis.
L=insideradius
Short
Axis
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(f)
D=Insidediameter
20
+HDGV0LQLPXP5HTXLUHG7KLFNQHVV
MinimumRequiredThicknessofanEllipsoidalHead
t =
Px D
2 [( S x E ) ( 0.2 X
)]
t=minimumrequiredthickness
P=DesignPressure
D=InsideDiameter
S=AllowableStress
E=JointEfficiency
MinimumRequiredThicknessofaHemisphericalHead
t =
P x L
2 [( S x E ) ( 0.2 X
)]
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(d)
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(f)
P=DesignPressure
L=InsideRadius
S=AllowableStress
E=JointEfficiency
21
PracticeQuestion#12
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(d)
Whatistheminimumrequiredthicknessfortheheadofa30tallverticalvessel
withellipsoidalheads,insidediameterof72,allowablestressof16,500psi,
MAWPof120psig,andweldsthataredoubleweldedbuttweldsandSpotRTd?
22
PracticeQuestion#13
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(d)
Whatistheminimumrequiredthicknessfortheheadofaseamlesshorizontalvessel
withellipsoidalheads,insidediameterof96,allowablestressof18,000psi,MAWP
of200psig,andweldsthataredoublefullfilletweldedlapjointsandRT1?
23
PracticeQuestion#14
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(f)
Whatistheminimumrequiredthicknessfortheheadofa30tallverticalvessel
withhemisphericalheads,insidediameterof72,allowablestressof16,500psi,
MAWPof320psig,andweldsthataredoubleweldedbuttweldsandSpotRTd?
24
PracticeQuestion#15
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(f)
Whatistheminimumrequiredthicknessfortheheadsofahorizontalvesselwith
hemisphericalheads,insidediameterof96,allowablestressof18,000psi,MAWPof
200psig,andweldsthataredoublefullfilletweldedlapjointsandRT1?
25
HEAD
BANGER
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ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(d)
I. MAWPofEllipsoidalHeads
2 SEt
P =
( D + 0.2t)
D=InsideDiameter
S=AllowableStress
E=JointEfficiency
II. MAWPofHemisphericalHeads
2Set
P =
( L + 0.2t)
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(f)
L=InsideRadius
S=AllowableStress
E=JointEfficiency
29
0$:3
PracticeQuestion#16
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(d)
Duringaninspectionofaverticalvesselthicknessmeasurementstakenonthebottomellipsoidal
headwasfoundtobe0.785.Theinsidediameterofthevesselis96,allowablestressis17,000
psi,andweldsthataredoubleweldedbuttweldjointsandthevesselisstampedRT1.Whatis
themaximumallowableworkingpressureforthisseamlessellipsoidalhead?
30
0$:3
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(d)
PracticeQuestion#16
Duringaninspectionofaverticalvesselthicknessmeasurementstakenonthebottomellipsoidal
headwasfoundtobe0.785.Theinsidediameterofthevesselis96,allowablestressis17,000
psi,andweldsthataredoubleweldedbuttweldjointsandthevesselisstampedRT1.Whatis
themaximumallowableworkingpressureforthisseamlessellipsoidalhead?
P =
P =
P =
2 SEt
( D + 0.2t)
2 ( 17000 x 1 x 0.785 )
( 96 + ( 0.2 x 0.79 )
t=0.785
D=96
S=17,000
E=1
2 x 13345
96 + 0.157
P =
26690
96.157
P =
277.57
Note:
Readthequestionclosely,inthisquestionthereisnomention
ifthevesselhaslongseamsornot.Therefore,assumethevessel
haslongseams.YougotoTableUW12andfindthejointefficiency
tobe1fordoubleweldedbuttwelds.Theseamlesshead,
doesnotchangethejointefficiency.
31
0$:3
PracticeQuestion#17
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(f)
Ahorizontalvesselwithanoutsidediameterof72andellipsoidalheads.Shellthicknessis
0.750andtheheadsare0.500thick. Theallowablestressis16,000psi.Weldsaredoublefull
filletlapjointsandthevesselisstampedRT1.Thecorrosionallowancefortheentirevesselis
0.125.Whatisthemaximumallowableworkingpressurefortheellipsoidalhead?
32
0$:3
PracticeQuestion#18
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(f)
Duringaninspectionofaverticalvesselthicknessmeasurementstakenonthebottom
hemisphericalheadwasfoundtobe0.785.Theinsidediameterofthevesselis96,allowable
stressis17,000psi,andweldsthataredoubleweldedbuttweldjointsandthevesselisstamped
RT1.Whatisthemaximumallowableworkingpressureforthishemisphericalhead?
33
0$:3
PracticeQuestion#19
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG32(f)
Ahorizontalvesselwithanoutsidediameterof72andhemisphericalheads.Shellthicknessis
0.750andtheheadsare0.500thick. Theallowablestressis16,000psi.Weldsaredoublefull
filletlapjointsandthevesselisstampedRT1.Thecorrosionallowancefortheentirevesselis
0.125.WhatisthemaximumallowableworkingpressurefortheHemisphericalhead?
34
0$:3
9HVVHOLQ&RUURVLYH6HUYLFH
PracticeQuestion#20
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG27(c.)(1)
API510,Section7,Sub
par7.3.3
Duringarecentinspectionofahorizontalvesselwithaninsidediameterof72
andhemisphericalheads,shellthicknesswasrecordedas0.625.Theallowable
stressis16,000psi.Weldsaredoublefullfilletlapjointsandthevesselis
stampedRT1.Thecorrosionrateis0.006/yr.Requiredthicknessis0.588.
Vesselisincorrosiveservice.Nextinspectionisin5years.Whatisthe
maximumallowableworkingpressureforthisvessel?
35
([WHUQDO3UHVVXUH
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG28(c.)
Therearethreefactorsthatcaneffecttheresistanceof
crushingdueexternalpressure.
1. Stiffeners
2. Thickness thickermaterialsresistcrushing
3. Diameter increasingdiameter,increasessusceptibilityofcrushing
36
([WHUQDO3UHVVXUH&DOFXODWLRQV
I. Formulaandvariables
Pa =
4B
[ 3 ( Do /
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG28(c.)
t )]
A=FactorbasedonratioofL/DoandDo/t.(GetitfromASMESecII,PartD,FigG.)
B=FactorbasedonAFactoranddesignTemperature(GetiffromASMESecII,
PartD,TablesCS1orCS2)
Do =OutsideDiameter
t=Minimumrequiredthickness
Bfactorwillbegiventoyouinthequestion.
37
PracticeQuestion#21
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG28(c.)
Ahorizontalvesselhasanoutsidediameterof60.Thedistancebetween
supportsis15ft.Thewallthicknessis0.625.MaterialofconstructionisSA
516Gr70.ThisvesselhasaBfactorof3500andisdesignedfor250psig@
500deg F.Allowablestressis16,500.Whatisthemaximumexternalpressure
forthisvessel?
38
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG28(c.)
PracticeQuestion#21
Ahorizontalvesselhasanoutsidediameterof60.Thedistancebetween
supportsis15ft.Thewallthicknessis0.625.MaterialofconstructionisSA
516Gr70.ThisvesselhasaBfactorof3500andisdesignedfor250psig@
500deg F.Allowablestressis16,500.Whatisthemaximumexternalpressure
forthisvessel?
Pa =
Pa =
4B
[ 3 ( Do /
t )]
4 x 3500
60 /
[ 3x (
B=3500
Do =60
t=0.625
0.625 ) ]
14000
Pa =
Pa =
3x (
96
48.611 psi
)
39
PracticeQuestion#22
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG28(c.)
Duringanexternalinspectionofavesselwithanoutsidediameterof48
uniformcorrosiondamagewasdiscovered.Thethicknessinthisareaofshell
wasfoundtobe0.425.Thisvesselisdesignedfor35psiexternalpressureand
hasaBfactorof1800.Canthisvesseloperateat35psiexternalpressureor
doesitneedtobererated?
40
PracticeQuestion#23
ASMESectionVIII
SubsectionA,UG,
Design,UG28(c.)
A20ft longexchangertubehasanoutsidediameterof2andnominal
thicknessof0.083.MaterialofconstructionisSA283GrDanddesign
temperatureis600deg F.TheBfactorforthetubeis1500.Whatisthe
maximumallowedexternalpressureforthistube?
41
/HVVRQ3ODQ,,,
(Calculations ImpactTesting,WeldSizeandNozzle
Reinforcement)
/HVVRQ3ODQ,,,
(Calculations ImpactTesting,WeldSizeandNozzleReinforcement)
I.
Impact Testing
A.
B.
Theinspectorshouldunderstandimpacttestingrequirementsandimpacttestingprocedure(UG84)
Theinspectorshouldbeabletodeterminetheminimummetaltemperatureofamaterialwhichisexemptfromimpacttesting(UG20(f),UCS66,
UCS68(c).)
II. WELD SIZE FOR ATTACHMENT WELDS AT OPENING

MustbeabletodetermineiftheweldsizemeetsCoderequirements.
A.
B.
Convertafilletweldthroatdimensiontolegdimensionorvisaversa,usingconversionfactor(0.707);
Determinetherequiredsizeofweldsatopenings(UW-16)
III. Nozzle Reinforcement

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Understandthekeyconceptsofreinforcement,suchasreplacementofstrengthremovedandlimitsofreinforcement.
Creditcanbetakenforextrametalinshellandnozzle
Beabletocalculatetherequiredareasforreinforcementorchecktoensurethatadesignedpadislargeenough.To
simplifytheproblem:
Allfr =1.0
AllF=1.0
AllE=1.0
Therewillbenonozzleprojectinginsidetheshell
Beabletocompensateforcorrosionallowances
Weldstrengthcalculationsareexcluded
,PSDFW7HVWLQJ0'07
(ASMEVIIIUG20(f),UG84UCS66,UCS68(c).)
I.
WhatdoesImpactTestingDetermine?
II.
WhatisMDMT?
III. WhydoestheCodeworryaboutMDMT?
IV. Whataresomefactorsthataffectbrittlenessofmaterials?
V. Whatistheoppositeofbrittleness?
.
3
0'07
I.
ASMEVIII,
6XEVHFWLRQ$3DUW8*'HVLJQ8*
6XEVHFWLRQ&3DUW8&6/RZ7HPSHUDWXUH
2SHUDWLRQ8&6DE 8&6F
HowdoesASMESectionVIIImanageBrittleFracture
a.
ByMaterialSelection(P1Group1and2
b.
ProvidesamethodfordeterminingMDMT
c.
seeFig.UCS66)
ASMEVIII,
2SHUDWLRQ8&6SDJHGRZQWLPHV
1.
Curvesformaterialgroupings(Fig.UCS66)
2.
Initialimpacttestingexempttemperaturebasedonmaterial(curve
letter)andthickness(TableUCS661)
3.
StressReductionRatiofactor[(tr xE)/(tnc)].(FigUCS66.1)
4.
PWHTReduction(residualstressreductionallowedwhenPWHTisperformedandisnotrequired
bytheCode)see(par.UCS68(c.))
Note:Thisratiowillbeprovidedonthetest.
TemperaturelimitedbyUCS66(b)(2)&(3)andUCS68(c.)
a)
UCS66(b)(2) nocolderthan55oF,unless ;
1)
2)
Stressreductionratiois0.35orless,thentemperaturecanbe
between55oFand155oF.(UCS66(b)(3)
PWHTperformedwhennotrequiredbyCode,temperaturecan
bebelow55oF.(UCS68(c.)
4
0'07
PracticeQuestion#1
A horizontal vessel constructed from SA-516 Gr 65 plate (not normalized). Designed for
350 psig @ 650oF. Wall thickness is 1.5, with a 1/16 corrosion allowance and reduction
ratio is .80. Nameplate is stamped RT-1 and HT. What is the lowest possible MDMT for
this vessel?
0'07
PracticeQuestion#1
A horizontal vessel constructed from SA-516 Gr 65 plate (not normalized). Designed for
350 psig @ 650oF. Wall thickness is 1.5, with a 1/16 corrosion allowance and reduction
ratio is .80. Nameplate is stamped RT-1 and HT. What is the lowest possible MDMT for
this vessel?
ASMEVIII,
Step1:FindmaterialCurveLetter;
CurveletterisBfromFig.UCS66
ASMEVIII,
Step2:InitialMDMT;
51oF fromTableUCS66
ASMEVIII,
Step3:MDMTreduction(stressratioreduction);
20oF reductionallowed,therefore
ReducedMDMT=51oF 20oF=+31oF (fromFig.UCS66.1)
Step4:PWHTreduction(notallowed)
PWHTreductionisnotallowedbecausePWHTwasrequired
byCode(i.e.nameplatestampedHT)seePar.UCS68(c.)
ASMEVIII,
LowestMDMT=+31oF
0'07
PracticeQuestion#2
A horizontal vessel constructed from SA-516 Gr 50N plate. Designed for 300 psig @ 600oF.
Wall thickness is 0.25, with a 1/32 corrosion allowance and reduction ratio is .80.
Nameplate is stamped RT-1. Vessel was PWHTd. What is the lowest possible MDMT for
this vessel?
0'07
PracticeQuestion#3
AhorizontalvesselconstructedfromSA178GrAplate.Designedfor200
psig@500oF.Wallthicknessis0.500,witha1/8corrosionallowance
andreductionratiois.80.VesselwasPWHTd.NameplateisstampedRT
2.WhatisthelowestpossibleMDMTforthisvessel?
0'07
PracticeQuestion#4
A horizontal vessel constructed from SA-516 Gr 60 plate. Designed for 200 psig @ 500oF.
Wall thickness is 0.750, with a 1/8 corrosion allowance and reduction ratio is .88.
Nameplate is stamped RT-2 and vessel was PWHTd for environment cracking. What is
the lowest possible MDMT for this vessel?
&KDUS\,PSDFWV
CharpyImpactTest
ASMEVIII,
6XEVHFWLRQ$3DUW8*)DEULFDWLRQ8*
EachSpecimenshallconsistofthreespecimensASMEVIIIUG84
Specimenthicknessis0.394Fig.UG84
10
&KDUS\,PSDFWV
CharpyImpactTest
ASMEVIII,
SDJHGRZQWLPHV
(a)Interpolationbetweenyieldstrengthsshownispermitted.
(b)Theminimumimpactenergyforonespecimenshallnotbelessthan23oftheaverageenergyrequired
forthreespecimens.Theaverageimpactenergyvalueofthethreespecimensmayberoundedtothe
nearestftlb.
11
&KDUS\,PSDFWV
ASMEVIII,
SDJHGRZQWLPHV
PracticeQuestion#5
Whatistherequiredaverageandminimumcharpy impactvaluesforamaterialwith50ksi
MSYSandis1.0thick?
12
&KDUS\,PSDFWV
(ASMEVIIIUG84
ANSWER:
Average=15ft lbs
Min.Value=2/3x15=10ft lbs
50Ksi
15ft lbs
1.0thickness
13
&KDUS\,PSDFWV
(ASMEVIIIUG84
PracticeQuestion#6
Whatistherequiredaverageandminimumcharpy impactvaluesforamaterialwith55ksi
MSYSandis2.0thick?
14
&KDUS\,PSDFWV
(ASMEVIIIUG84
PracticeQuestion#7
Duringimpacttestingofa1thickmaterialwithaMSYSof45,000psi,theimpact
testingvaluesforthespecimenswere17,12,and11?Aretheresultsoftheseimpact
testsacceptable?
15
)LOOHW:HOGV
ASMEVIII,
6XEVHFWLRQ%3DUW8:'HVLJQ8:E
DQGSDJHGRZQRQFHIRU)LJ8:
Filletweldsizeisnormallydescribedbythelegsize.
Calculatingfilletweldsize;
Throatsize=0.707xlegsize
Legsize=throatsize/0.707
PerFig.UW16.1;
Throatsize=tmin
or
Throatsize=tc
or
Throat
Leg
Leg
Throatsize=tw
16
)LOOHW:HOGV
ASMEVIII,
Calculatingthesizeoffilletwelds;
Throat
Leg
PracticeQuestion#5
Anequallegfilletweldhasathroatof0.375.
Whatislegsizeforthisfilletweld?
Leg
Legsize=throatsize/0.707
=0.375/0.707
= 0.530
PracticeQuestion#6
Afilletweldwithalegsizeof0.250.
Whatisthroatsizeforthisfilletweld?
PracticeQuestion#7
A45o filletweldhasalegsizeof0.125.
Whatisthroatsizeforthisfilletweld?
17
)LOOHW:HOG6L]H
ASMEVIII,
Perpar.UW16(b);
Filletweldsize,mustbeconvertedfromthroatsize(tmin ortc)tolegsize.
tmin =lesseroformembersjoined
Assume,therepadis0.375thick,thevessel
shellis0.500thickandthenozzleis0.432.
Whatistherequiredfilletweldsizeattaching
therepadtothevesselshell?
tn
d
Step1: Gotothesketch(UW16.1(a1).
1/2tmin
Step2: Calculatethroatsize(tmin)
tc
te
a1
tmin =x(less
=x(lesserof(0.75,_____,_____,____)
=x(lesserof(0.75,0.375,0.500,0.423)
=x0.375
=0.1875
Step3:Calculateweldsize(FilletweldLegsize);
Leg=tmin /0.707=0.1875/0.707=0.265,roundedtonext1/16=0.3125
18
)LOOHW:HOG6L]H
Perpar.UW16(b);
Fillet weld size for nozzles without repads must be
calculated by converting throat size (tc), to leg size.
tc = not less than smaller of or 0.707 x tmin
tn
d
Assume, the vessel shell is 0.500 thick and the

nozzle is 0.432. What is the required fillet weld
size for this branch connection?
Step1: Find correct sketch (UW-16.1(a).
tc
t
Step2: Calculate the throat size (tc)

tc = lesser of or 0.707 x tmin
= lesser of or 0.707 x (lesser of 0.750, 0.423, 0.500)
= lesser of or (0.707 x 0.432)
= lesser of or 0.305
= 0.250
Step 3: Calculate weld size (Fillet weld Leg size);

Leg = tc / 0.707 = 0.250 / 0.707 = 0.357, rounded to next 1/16 = 0.375
19
tc =
0.375
0.3125
0.250
20
)LOOHW:HOG6L]H
ASMEVIIIpar.UW16(b);
PracticeQuestion#8
Abranchconnectionisbeinginstalledwithoutareinforcementpad.
Thenozzlethicknessis0.625andthevesselshellis0.875thick.Whatsize
filletweldshouldbeusedforthisbranchconnection?
tn
d
tc
t
a
21
)LOOHW:HOG6L]H
ASMEVIIIpar.UW16(b);
PracticeQuestion#9
Abranchconnectionisbeinginstalledwithareinforcementpad.
Thenozzlethicknessis0.625,repadis0.750thickandthe
vesselshellis0.875thick.Whatsizefilletweldshouldbe
usedtoattachtherepad tothevesselshell?
tn
d
tc
te
t
1/2tmin
a1
22
)LOOHW:HOG6L]H
ASMEVIIIpar.UW16(b),Fig.UW16.1(a)
Practice Question # 10
AnozzleisinstalledinavesselperFig.UW16.1(a).Thevesselwallthickness
is0.325andthenozzlewallthicknessis0.375.Whatistheminimumfillet
Weldsizeforthenozzletoshellfilletweld?
tn
d
tc
t
a
23
)LOOHW:HOG6L]H
ASMEVIIIpar.UW16(b),Fig.UW16.1(a)
AnozzleisinstalledinavesselperFig.UW16.1(a).Thevesselwallthickness
is0.325andthenozzlewallthicknessis0.375.Whatistheminimumfillet
weldsizeforthenozzletoshellfilletweld?
tn
d
tc
t
a
24
)LOOHW:HOG6L]H
ASMEVIIIpar.UG37
Anew8NPSnozzleisinstalledinavesselperFig.UW16.1(h).Shellrequiredthicknessis
1.125.Nominalshellthicknessis1.250.Nominalthicknessforthenozzleis0.875.
Therepadthicknessis0.500.
1) Whatistheminimumfilletweldsizeforthenozzletorepadfilletweld?
2) Whatistheminimumfilletweldsizefortheshelltorepadfilletweld?
tn
d
tw=0.7tmin
tc
t
tc
25
Fig.UW161(h)
HEAD
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ASMEVIIIpar.UG37
I. Nozzle Reinforcement
Replacingarealostbycuttingholeinvessel(crosssectionalarea)
Strengthofthemateriallost,mustbereplaced
Strengthlost=diameterofholexshelltmin
Limitsofreinforcement
Extrametalmustbenearthenozzle
Strengthofreinforcement
Reinforcementmustbeequaltothestrengthremoved
Additionalreinforcementmustbeadded
Reinforcementcancomefrommultiplesources
Shell,nozzle,repadandfilletwelds
Corrosionallowancecannotbeused
29
1R]]OH5HLQIRUFHPHQW
ASMEVIII,SubsectionA,PartUG,UG37
Nozzle Reinforcement Variables
6XEVHFWLRQ%3DUW8:'HVLJQ8:EDQGSDJH
GRZQRQFHIRU)LJ8:
Variables for nozzles without repads
Variables for nozzles with repads
tn
A = d x tr
t
a
A1 = d (t-tr) or 2(t + tn)(t-tr) , extra shell area, larger

of these two
A2 = 5t(tn-trn) or 5tn (tn-trn) , extra nozzle area,
smaller of these two
A41 = leg2
d = diameter of nozzle in corroded condition
t = shell thickness in the corroded condition
tr = shell required thickness
tn = nozzle thickness in the corroded condition
trn = nozzle required thickness
Dp =outsidediameterofrepad
te = repad thickness
Limits of reinforcement = greater of d or Rn+tn_t
tc
te
tc
A = d x tr
tn
t
1/2tmin
a1
A1 = d (t-tr) or 2(t + tn)(t-tr) , larger of these two

A2 = 5t(tn-trn) or 5tn (tn-trn) , smaller of these two
A41 = Leg2
A42 = Leg2
A5 = (Dp d 2tn)te
Notes:
A.
Therewillbenonozzleprojectinginsidetheshell
B.
Beabletocompensateforcorrosionallowances
C.
Weldstrengthcalculationsareexcluded
30
1R]]OH5HLQIRUFHPHQW
GRZQRQFHIRU)LJ8:
A12NPSnozzleisbeinginstalledonavessel.ThecorrodedIDofthenozzleis
12.0.Shellthicknessis0.750.Corrosionallowanceis1/16.Requiredthickness
fortheshellis0.625.Theareathatmustbereplacedis;
tn
d
tc
t
a
31
1R]]OH5HLQIRUFHPHQW
ASMEVIIIpar.UG37
12.0.Shellthicknessis0.750.Corrosionallowanceis1/16.Requiredthickness
fortheshellis0.625.Theareathatmustbereplacedis;
tn
d
tc
t
a
GRZQRQFHIRU)LJ8:
32
1R]]OH5HLQIRUFHPHQW
ASMEVIIIpar.UG37
8.0.Nozzlethicknessis0.250.Requiredthicknessforthenozzleis0.100
Shellthicknessis0.450.Requiredthicknessfortheshellis0.400.
Filletweldsizeis0.375.
1.Whatisthearealost?
2.Whatisthelimitsofreinforcement?
3.Whatistheextraareaprovidedbyshell?
4.Whatistheextraareaprovidedbythenozzle?
tn
d
tc
t
a
33
1R]]OH5HLQIRUFHPHQW
A12NPSnozzleisbeinginstalledinavesselasindicatedbyFig.UW16.1(a1).Thevessel
wallthicknessis0.825thick.Vesselrequiredthicknessis0.625.Thenozzlewall
thicknessis0.500.Requirednozzlethicknessis0.375.Therepadis0.375thick.
Corrosionallowanceis0.125.
1) What is the limits of reinforcement (edge to edge)?
tn
2) What is the area lost?
tc
te
t
1/2tmin
Fig.UW16.1(a1)
/HVVRQ3ODQ,9
$60(6HFWLRQ,;
:36345:34
ExamRestrictions/Exclusions:
1.
No more than one process (SMAW, GTAW or SAW).
2.
One filler metal per process
3.
PQR will be the supporting PQR for the WPS (only one WPS and one PQR).
4.
Base metal limited to P1, P3, P4, P5 and P8
5.
Dissimilar metals and/or thicknesses are excluded from exam
6.
7.
8.
9.
Corrosion-resistant weld overlay, hard-facing overlay, and dissimilar metal welds with
buttering of ferritic member is excluded from exam
P1, P3, P4 & P5 lower transition temperature will be 1330 F and 1600 F upper transformation
Editorial and non-technical requirements are excluded (i.e. Revision #, Company Name, WPS
number, WPS Date, and Name of testing lab).
Supplemental Variables are excluded from Exam.
BodyofKnowledge
I. WPS/PQR/WPQ BODY OF KNOWLEDGE
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&RGHDQG$3,
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Layout of the
ASME Section IX Code Book
Divided into 2 parts
QW WELDING
QB - BRAZING (pages 204 243 is not on exam)
QW Divided into 5 Articles
Article I Welding general requirements (13 pages) QW100

Article II Welding Procedure Qualifications (WPS/PQR) QW200
Article III Welding Performance Qualifications (WPQ) QW300
Article IV Welding Data QW400
Article V - Standard WPS Specifications (NOT ON TEST) QW500
Purpose of ASME Section IX

Section IX is focused on THREE things;
1. WPS - (Welding Procedure Specification)
Directions to welder to for making production welds
2. PQR - (Procedure Qualification Record)
Qualifies that the WPS can be used to make a quality
weld
3. WPQ - (Welder Performance Qualification)

Qualifies that the WELDER can make quality welds
with a Welding Process (i.e. SMAW, GTAW, SAW).
General requirements of ASME

Section IX
$UWLFOH,
QW100.1 (page 1)
a. Provides directions to welder for making production welds in accordance
with CODE requirements.
b. WPS shall be qualified by Manufacturer/Contractor
c. WPS specifies conditions which welding must be performed
d. WPS must address essential and non-essential variables and supplemental
variables when applicable (supplemental variables are not on API 510
exam).
e. PQR establishes the properties of the weld, not the skill of welder.
f. PQR must address essential variables and and supplemental variables
when applicable (supplemental variables are not on API 510 exam).
QW100.2 (page 2)
a. WPQ determines welders ability to make sound welds.

Section IX (cont)
$UWLFOH,
QW100.3
a. WPS qualified per Section IX, can be used to make welds in accordance
with Section VIII
b. WPS qualified in accordance with Section IX 1962 or later can be used.
c. WPS qualified in accordance with Section IX prior to 1962, can be used, if
all the 1962 requirements are met.
d. Prior to 2009, Section IX used S numbers. The 2010 Section IX
eliminated the S numbers. WPSs created using S numbers must be
revised to show correct P number, but not RE-QUALIFIED.
e. New WPSs and Welder Qualifications, must be per 2010 Edition of Section
IX
QW-101
a. Section IX applies to preparation of WPS, PQR, WPQ for all types of
manual & machine welding processes

Section IX (cont)
$UWLFOH,
QW102 (Definitions) (see QW492, page 193)

a.
b.
Groove Weld weld made in a groove formed within a single or two members.
Heat-affected zone base metal that was not melted, but whose mechanical
properties were altered during welding

c. Interpass temperature highest temperature allowed in weld or weld joint prior
to welding.
o
d. Lower Transformation Temperature 1330 F Ferrite begins to transform into
Austenite (P1, P3, P4, P5)
e. Macro-Examination - Observing a cross-section of a specimen by the unaided eye
or low magnification with or without etching.
f. Performance Qualification welders ability to produce welds meeting prescribed
standards.
g. Preheating heat applied prior to welding
o
h. Upper Transformation temperature 1600 F Transformation from ferrite to
austenite is completed. (P1, P3, P4, P5)
i. Welder one who performs manual or semi-automatic welding.

Section IX (cont)
$UWLFOH,
QW103.1 - Responsibility
a.
QW103.2 - Records
a.
Manufacturer is responsible for and shall conduct testing required to Qualify

WPSs and Welders.
Manufacturer shall maintain a record of the results of WPS and Welder

Qualifications (i.e. PQR and WPQ).
QW110 Weld Orientation

a.
Weld orientations used for WPS and WPQ test are as indicated in figure QW
461.1 or QW 461.2 (page 151).
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WhatistheP-NumberforSA285GrC?
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15
Understanding
F-Numbers
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17
P-Number and F-Number

Practice Questions
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Material
PNumber
SA240Type 304
SA217TypeWC1
UNSS31000
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Filler MetalClassificationand/orSpecification
FNumber
E7024
E8018
SFA5.18
18
Test positions for Groove Welds

(plate)
QW120 Test Positions
a.
Test coupons may be oriented in any position indicate in figures QW 461.3 (plate) or QW
461.4 (pipe) ..see page 153
$UWLFOH,94:
4:
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r 15deg
r 15deg
19
Test positions for Groove Welds

(Pipe)
$UWLFOH,94:
4:
3DJHGRZQWLPHV
r 15deg
r 15deg
20
FIELD Weld Orientations

$UWLFOH,9
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4:
(QW110 page 151)
Tabulation of Positions of GROOVE WELDS
INCLINATION of AXIS
Position
Flat
Diagram
Reference
A
Inclination
of Axis
0 to 15o
Rotation
of Face
150 to 210o
Horizontal
0 to 15o
80 to 150o
210 to 280o
Overhead
0 to 80o
0 to 80o
210 to 360o
Vertical
D
E
15 to 80o
80 to 90o
80 to 280o
0 to 360o
280
o
0
to
o
360
ROTATION of FACE
21
(QW110 page 151)
Groove Weld POSITION of Field Welds

6WHS
6WHS
6WHS
Position
Flat
Diagram
Reference
A
Inclination
of Axis
0 to 15o
Rotation
of Face
150 to 210o
Horizontal
0 to 15o
80 to 150o
210 to 280o
Overhead
0 to 80o
0 to 80o
210 to 360o
Vertical
D
E
15 to 80o
80 to 90o
80 to 280o
0 to 360o
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(QW110 page 151)
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6WHS
Position
Flat
Diagram
Reference
A
Inclination
of Axis
0 to 15o
Rotation
of Face
150 to 210o
Horizontal
0 to 15o
80 to 150o
210 to 280o
Overhead
0 to 80o
0 to 80o
210 to 360o
Vertical
D
E
15 to 80o
80 to 90o
80 to 280o
0 to 360o
(QW110 page 151)
6WHS
Position
Flat
Diagram
Reference
A
Inclination
of Axis
0 to 15o
Rotation
of Face
150 to 210o
Horizontal
0 to 15o
80 to 150o
210 to 280o
Overhead
0 to 80o
0 to 80o
210 to 360o
Vertical
D
E
15 to 80o
80 to 90o
80 to 280o
0 to 360o
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24
(QW110 page 151)
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Position
Flat
Diagram
Reference
A
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of Axis
0 to 15o
Rotation
of Face
150 to 210o
Horizontal
0 to 15o
80 to 150o
210 to 280o
Overhead
0 to 80o
0 to 80o
210 to 360o
Vertical
D
E
15 to 80o
80 to 90o
80 to 280o
0 to 360o
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Practice Questions
for
Weld Orientations
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26
Practice Questions
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Weld Orientations
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Practice Questions
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7\SHVRI7HVW([DPV
$UWLFOH,
QW141.1 Tension Test

A.
B.
C.
QW141.2 Guided Bend Test

A.
B.
Used to determine notch toughness of the welds
QW142 Special examination for welders

A.
Used to determine size, contour & degree of soundness of fillet welds.
QW141.4 Charpy Impact

A.
Used to determine degree of soundness and ductility of groove weld joints.

Types - Root, Face and Side bend
QW141.3 Fillet Weld Test

A.
Used to determine ultimate strength of groove weld joints (TENSILE STRENGTH).

Types of Test - Reduced Section, Round (Turned), Full Section
2
Tensile Strength = Load/Area in lbs/in (psi)
RT or UT may be substituted for mechanical test (bends) for welders.
QW144 Visual examination

A.
Used to determine welds meet quality standards
30
7(16,217(67
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4:SDJH
GRZQWLPHV
31
7(16,217(67
QW141.1 Tension Test
A.
B.
C.
QW151 Tension Test
QW 151.1 - Reduced section may be used for all thicknesses of plates
QW 151.1(a) - For thicknesses 1 SHALL be FULL thickness specimens

QW 151.1(b) - For thicknesses > 1 may be FULL thickness or multiple specimens
QW 151.2 - Reduced section may be used for all thicknesses of pipe > 3 diameter.
Used to determine ultimate strength of groove weld joints (TENSILE STRENGTH).

Types of Test - Reduced Section, Round (Turned), Full Section
2
Tensile Strength = Load/Area in lbs/in (psi)
QW 151.2(a) - For pipe thickness 1 SHALL be FULL thickness specimens

QW 151.2(b) - For thicknesses > 1 may be FULL thickness or multiple specimens
QW153 Tension Test Acceptance Criteria
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In order for a Tension test to pass, the specimen shall

have a tensile strength of not less than;
a) MSTS of the base metal (when it fails in weld)
b) MSTS of the weaker of the two metals joined together (when it fails in
the weld)
c) 95% of the MSTS of base metal (when it fails in the base metal).
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FailureStressorUltimateStress=Load/Area
Load istheamountofstressrequiredtopullthetensilespecimensapart
Area ofatensilespecimenisthewidthxthickness
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Bend Test - Specimens
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41
Bend Test
QW141.2 Bend Test

A.
B.
Face and Root Bend Test
4:DSDJHIRU:36345DQG4:DSDJH:34
These two test are always done together. Therefore, what ever # of face
bends are required, the same number of root bends are also required.
Side bends are only performed with other side bends (i.e. you will never see face, root
AND side bends required).
Side bends are only required for THICKER materials (i.e. or greater in thickness).
See Table QW 451.1(a) on page 147.
Acceptance Criteria
1.
2.
3.
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Side Bend Test
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Used to determine degree of soundness and ductility of groove weld joints.
Types of Test - Face, Root, and Side bends (determined by which face is on Convex side)
4:SDJH
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Weld and Haz must be in the bent portion of bend.

No open discontinuity in weld or HAZ > 1/8 in any direction on convex surface
Open discontinuity at the corners are acceptable,unless result from LOF, slag or internal
discontinuities
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44
Visual Examinations
QW144 Visual Examination

A. Used to determine if welds meet q
quality standards
B. Required for PERFORMANCE test, not PQR.
4:SDJH
QW-194 Acceptance Criteria

1. Welds must be inspected after welding is complete and before specimens
are removed (see QW-302.4)
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2. Must have complete Joint penetration
3. Must have complete fusion of weld metal and base metal
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Radiography
QW142 Radiography
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1. May be substituted for Groove weld Mechanical

Test for WELDERS.
QW-191 Acceptance Criteria
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1. No cracks, Lack of Fusion (LOF) or Incomplete Penetration (IP)

2. Elongated slag inclusions (i.e. indication is 3 times longer than width), max
size permitted;
1.
2.
3.
4.
Max length of 1/8 - for t up to 3/8

Max length of 1/3 t - for t > 3/8 but < 2
Max length - for t > 2
Aligned inclusions with aggregate length > t in 12t length of weld
3. Rounded Indications
1. Smaller of 20% of t or 1/8

2. For clustered, assorted or randomly dispersed configurations, see
Appendix I
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Welder Qualification Record

WelderPerformanceQualification(WPQ)
1.
Coupon or production for each welding process (SMAW,

GTAW, SAW, etc)
4:SDJH
2.
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Qualified by;
a.
b.
Production weld must be examined by RT or UT

Coupon can be examined by VT and Mechanical or RT/UT See QW-300.1
NOTE:GMAWSshortcircuitingmodeweldscannotbequalifiedbyRT
3.
If examination is acceptable, welder is qualified within the limits of QW-304
4.
WPQ is welded in accordance with a WPS. Preheat & PWHT required by WPS can be
omitted for WPQ
4:SDJH
51

Which of the following cannot be used to qualify a welder?
1.
2.
3.
4.
VT & Bend Test

RT of 1st Production weld
RT of test coupon
Tension Test
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4:SDJH
52
WPQ Bend Specimen Requirements

Bends
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1. Number of bends?
AND
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53
Bend Specimen Requirements

for Performance Qualification
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Bends
4:
4:
2. Dimensions?
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54
WPQ Bend Specimens

Bends
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Where to remove the specimens?

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Alternative Inspection
(RT/UT) for WPQ
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Requirements
NDE Alternative Inspection
7HVW&RXSRQ
(RT/UT in lieu of BENDS
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1. Minimum Length of weld?
1. Minimum Length of weld? XQOHVV*RU*
2. Pipe? )XOO&LUFXPIHUHQFH
2. Welder Operator? 0LQLPXPRIIW
SRVLWLRQWKHQ
RT cannot be used to test a welder for either of the following;
4:SDJH
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56
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4:SDJH
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4:
1. Fails Visual test; 4:SDJH

Qualify by: making 2 coupons, both must pass VT and 1 picked for
mechanical testing (bend)
2. Any of the bend test fail; 4:SDJH

Qualify by: making 2 coupons, both must pass mechanical test.
3. Fails RT exam; 4:SDJH
Qualify by; retest and RT twice the required length of weld
%4XDOLILFDWLRQ([SLUHV
4:SDJH
1. Welder has not used the Process for 6 months

2. Reason to question welders ability to make sound weld
Qualified by;
Welding single coupon, plate or pipe, any

thickness/diameter/position, VT/Bend or RT.
57
Practice Questions for Welder

Qualification
RT can be used to qualify a welder, except for the following?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Welding P21 material with GTAW process

SAW process
SMAW Process
GMAW process in Short-circuiting mode
$UWLFOH,,,
4:
:HOGHU
A welder is being qualified by welding using thickA106B pipe coupon in 5G position. How many face bends
are required?
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
1
3
0
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SDJHGRZQ
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A welder is being qualified for 2G and 5G on a single pipe 1 thick coupon (A240 type 304L coupon). How
many side bends are required?
1.
2.
3.
4.
6
2
4
0
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58
Practice Questions for Welder

Qualification
Which of the following is the manufacturer/contractor prohibited from delegating to another organization?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Preparing test coupons

Performing mechanical or NDE inspection of specimens
Witnessing the welder making the weld coupon
Developing the WPQ record
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3DU4:

A welder was making test coupons for a 2G and 5G pipe qualification test and the 2G coupon failed VT examination.
In order for the welder to be qualified, which of the following must occur?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Make another 1G coupon and either RT or Mechanical Test the coupon

Make two 1G coupons and VT and RT examine both coupons
Make two 1G coupons and VT both coupons, but only RT one coupon
Make two 2G coupons and VT both coupons, but only Mechanical test one coupon
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4:SDU
4:
A 6G qualification coupon failed the mechanical testing (one of the bends failed), In order for the welder to be
qualified, which of the following is required?
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4:SDU
4:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Two more coupons have to be welded and all 4 bends for each of the coupons have to pass mechanical test
Two more coupons have to be welded and only one coupon has to pass the required mechanical test
Another coupon has to be welded and all 4 bends has to pass mechanical test
Two more coupons have to be welded and both coupons must be either pass mechanical testing or RT examined .
59
WPQ
P Number Qualification Range
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Pnumber
oftest
coupon
welded
Pnumber
Range
qualifiedto
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Answer:
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F Number Qualification Range
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Range
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Qualified
with
Answer:
)1R
61
WPQ
# of Bend Specimens
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Answer:
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# of Bend Specimens
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Answer:
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63
WPQ
Thickness Limits
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Answer:
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64
WPQ
Diameter Limits
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Answer:
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WPQ
Position Limits
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Answer:
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66

WPQ Record
0XVWFRQWDLQIROORZLQJ
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4:
4:SDJH
1. Variables used (i.e. process, type(manual/automatic,

with/without backing, P-No, F-No, etc)
2. Essential Variables (i.e. joints, Base metal, Filler

Metal, Position, etc)
3. Type of Test (i.e. VT, Bends and/or RT/UT)

4. Test Results (i.e. Acceptable or Failed)
5. Ranges Qualified (i.e. thickness range,
Positions, Diameters, fillet welds)
6. Certification (i.e. signature of

Manufacturer/Contractor)
67
WPQ Essential Variables

Essential
Variables
Paragraph
QW402
Joints
QW403
BaseMetals
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4:
QW404Filler
Metals
QW405
Positions
Variable
Process
SAW
SMAW
GTAW
.4
Backing
.16
PipeDiameter
.18
PNumber
.14
Filler
.15
FNumber
.22
Inserts
.23
Solidormetalcoredto
fluxcore
.30
tWelddeposit
.1
X
X
.3
+Position
QW408
Gas
.8
Vercalwelding
QW409
Electrical
.4
Currentorpolarity
X
68
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Step1
DetermineWhatweldingPROCESSandTYPEusedtomaketestcoupon SMAWandManual
ThesearesetbyWPS
Step2
FindtheEssentialvariablesfortheweldingprocessusedinASMEIX.
Page57
Step3
CompleteTestingVariablesandQualificationLimits(RangeQualified section) QW353forSMAW
WeldingVariables(QW350)
WeldingProcess(es)
Type(i.e.manual,semi-automatic)used
3. Backing(withorwithout) (QW402.4)
4. x TestCouponProductionWeld(dia ifpipe) (QW403.16Base)
5. BasemetalP-NumbertoP-Number (QW403.18P-Number)
6. FillerMetalorElectrodeSpec(SFA)
7. FillerMetalF-Number(QW404.15F-Number)
8. ConsumableInsert(GTAWorPAW)
9. FillerMetalType(solid/metalorfluxcored/powder)
1.
2.
ActualVariables
SMAW
Manual
None
6NPS
P1toP1
5.1
F3
N/A
N/A
QW353forSMAW
RangeQualified
SMAW
. Manual
F1toF3with,F3wo
27/8OD
P1-P15F,P34,P41-49
-------_F1,F2,andF3
------------
------------
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10. DepositedThicknessforeachprocess(QW403.30)
a.
b.
11.
Process1: SMAW 3layersminimumYesNo

x
Process2: SMAW 3layersminimumYesNo
Positionqualified(1G,2G,3G,4G,5G,6G,etc)
ActualVariables
. .280
.
------
2G
RangeQualified
.
------------ .
F,H
12. Verticalprogression(uphillordownhill)
. Uphill
n/ahorz
13. InertGasBacking(GTAW,PAW,GMAW)
. N/A
------------
14. GMAWTransfermode(Spray,Globular,Pulse,orShortCircuit)
15. GTAWCurrenttype/polarity(AC,DCEP,DCEN)
N/A
N/A
.
.
------------
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step4
CompleteResults:sectionandthenSignandDateForm
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70
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PracticeQuestion#28
DetermineifEssential VariablesareCorrect
1.
WeldingProcess(es)
2. Type(i.e.manual,semi-automatic)used
3. Backing(withorwithout)
4. xTestCouponProductionWeld(dia ifpipe)
5. BasemetalP-NumbertoP-Number
6. FillerMetalorElectrodeSpec(SFA)
7.
FillerMetalF-Number
8. ConsumableInsert(GTAWorPAW)
9. FillerMetalType(solid/metalorfluxcored/powder) .
10. DepositedThicknessforeachprocess
x
a. Process1: SMAW 3layersminimumYesNo
b. Process1: SMAW 3layersminimumYesNo
11. Positionqualified(1G,2G,3G,4G,5G,6G,etc)
12. Verticalprogression(uphillordownhill)
13. InertGasBacking(GTAW,PAW,GMAW)
14. GMAWTransfermode(Spray,Globular,Pulse,orShortCircuit)
15. GTAWCurrenttype/polarity(AC,DCEP,DCEN)
ActualVariables
. SMAW
. Manual
.
.
.
.
With
3
P3
5.4
F3
N/A
N/A
.300
------6G
Downhill
N/A
N/A
N/A
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RangeQualified
.. SMAW
.
. Manual
. F1,F2&F3with
27/8MintoUnlimited
.
P1-P15F,P34,P41-49
.
. --------. F1,F2,andF3
. -------. -------. Max of .600
. -------ALL
.
. Downhill only
. -------. -------. --------
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73
ReferenceWPQ MR.RODBURNERtoanswerthefollowingquestions;
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Welding Procedure - Requirements (WPS)

1. WPSrequirements (QW-200.1,page14)
a. WPSprovidesdirectionsformakingproductionwelds.
b. Mustcontainessential,nonessentialandwhenrequired
supplementaryvariables.
1)
$UWLFOH,,
MustreferencethesupportingPQR
c. Changescanbemadetononessentialvariableswithout
requalification.Changestoessentialorsupplementaryvariables
requirerequalification.
d. FormatofWPSmaybeanyformataslongaseveryessential,
nonessentialandsupplementaryvariableisincluded.
e. WPSmustbereadilyavailableatthefabricationsiteforreview by
welderandinspector.
79
Welding Procedure Requirements (PQR)

345UHTXLUHPHQWV4:SDJH
$UWLFOH,,
a. IsaRecordoftheweldingdatausedtomakethetestcouponand
mechanicaltestresults.
a. Must;
1) Containessential andsupplementaryvariables(supplementalisnotAPI570Exam).
2) Recordrangeofvariablesusedtomakethecouponmustbeincluded
3) Becertifiedbythemanufacturer/contractor(i.e.signedanddated).
b. ChangestothePQRarenotallowed,exceptforeditorialtypechanges(i.e.P#entered
incorrectly,orCodechangestheF#forthematerialsused,etc.)AllchangestoaPQR,
requirerecertification(i.e.signedanddatedbymanufacturer/contractor).
c. Formatmaybeanyformataslongfollowingareincluded;
a. Essentialandsupplementaryvariables
b. Typeofmechanicaltest,numberoftestsandtestresults
d. PQRmustbeavailablefortheAI,butnotthewelder.
e. TherecouldbemultiplePQRssupportingoneWPSormultipleWPSsforasinglePQR.
80
6WHSVWR48$/,)<D:HOGLQJ3URFHGXUH
1. WPS ispreparedforproductionweldsthataretobemade. (QW-100)
2. Welder(employeeorcontractedout),makesaTestCouponusingdirectionsfrom
theWPS. (QW-201)
3. Thecouponismechanicallytested- BendsandTensiontest (RTisnotallowed).
4. Ifmechanicaltestingisacceptable,WPSisQualifiedwithinrangessetby variables
usedtomakethetestcoupon. (QW-202.2)
5. PQRisarecordcreatedbasedonvariablesusedtomakethetestcouponand
subsequentmechanicaltestingresults.
NOTE:PQRMust besignedanddatedtobeCERTIFIED.
81
'LIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ:36345DQG:34

1. WhatisthedifferencebetweentheProcedureQUALIFICATIONand
WelderQUALIFICATION?
A. ProcedurequalificationrequiresTWOdocuments(WPS/PQR).
B. Examinationsaredifferent;
1)
WPS/PQR requiresBends/TensiontestandCharpy testwhennotch

toughnessisrequired.Also,HardnesswhenPWHTd.
2) WPQ requiresVTandBendtestorRT/UTexamination.
C. WPQonlyrequiresEssentialvariablestoberecorded,
whiletheWPSmustrecordEssential,Non-EssentialandSupplementary
(whenrequired)variables.
PQRmustrecordEssentialandSupplementaryvariables.
82
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1. VerifyWPShasbeenproperlycompletedandaddressesrequirements
ofSectionIX (forAPIExam,meansEssentialVariablesandNon-Essentialvariablesare
addressed)API577par6.4page18
2. VerifyPQRhasbeenproperlycompletedandaddressesrequirements
ofSectionIX (forAPIExam,meansEssentialVariablesareaddressedandPQRissignedand
dated)API577par6.4page18
3. VerifyPQRessentialvariablesproperlysupporttherangespecifiedin
WPS (forAPIExam,meansEssentialVariablesareaddressedandPQRissignedanddated)API577
par6.4page18
83
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INSTRUCTIONSforCheckingWPSandPQR
STEP1 LocatetheappropriateWeldingVariablesChartfortheWeldingPROCESS(i.e.SMAW QW253,SAW-QW254orGTAWQW256thesearetheonlythreethatwillbeontheAPIExam).
STEP2 VerifyPQRissignedbyManufacture/Contractor QW202(b).
STEP3 VerifyWPSreferencesthesupportingPQR QW201(b).
STEP4 VerifyallNon-EssentialvariablesareaddressedontheWPS,andvalidatethatonthechecklist(e.g.enterOKorERRORin
theVALIDATEcolumn)- QW201(b).
STEP5 ListvaluesforallESSENTIALvariablesonChecklistfromthePQR QW202(b).
STEP6 ListvaluesforallESSENTIALvariablesonChecklistfromtheWPS QW201(b).
STEP7 UseSectionIXtodetermineandlisttheACCEPTABLErangeforallessentialvariables(basedonthePQRresults)
STEP8 ComparetheAcceptablerangeagainsttheWPSvaluesanddocumentthefindingsintheVALIDATEcolumn.
STEP9 CheckTESTINGdataonPQRandverifycorrecttype/numberofBENDspecimens(i.e.2face&2Root,etc)weretestedand
resultsareacceptableorrejectable.RecordanswerinValidatecolumnofchecklist.
STEP10 CheckTESTINGdataonPQRandverifycorrecttype/numberofTENSILEspecimens(i.e.2ormore,dependingonthickness)
weretestedandresultsareacceptableorrejectable.RecordanswerinValidatecolumnofchecklist.
STEP11 CheckforP-Noand/orF-Nomistakes.
84
Practice Question for Reviewing

WPS/PQR
3UDFWLFH4XHVWLRQ
5HYLHZ:36-&33DQG345-&334
1.)IsthePQRsigned&dated?
2.)NowchecktheEssential,Non-essentialvariablesandrangesqualified
85
WPS/PQRReviewResults
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ReviewofWPS#
Rev#
Dated:
SupportingPQR#
Rev#
Dated:
Paragraph
BriefofVariables
Essential
Par4:
QW402Joints
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4:
BaseMetals
Par4:
QW404Filler
Metals
Par4:
QW405Positions
4:
QW406Preheat
QW407PWHT
Par4:
QW409Electric
Par4:
Par4:
QW410
Technique
Par4:
9/11/2001
9/12/2001
STEP4
STEP5
NonEssential
PQR
.1
I GrooveDesign
NE
.4
NE
.10
I Rootspacing
NE
.11
r Retainers
NE
Backing
.8
I Tqualified
.9
tPass>inch
.11
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.4
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.6
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STEP6
WPS
thk
1/16to1
thk
P1
SA53GrB(P1_)
F3
F-4
1
1
NE
.30
It
.33
I AWSClassification
NE
1/16to1
STEP7
Validate
QualifiedFor?
OKorError
----------------3/16to1
plateN/A
P1
F3
1
----Maxof1
---------
OK
OK
OK
OK
PQRshouldbe1/16to1
OK
OK
ERROR shouldbeF3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
.1
+Position
NE
.3
I np Verticalwelding
NE
1.
Decrease>100oF
.2
I Preheatmaintenance
.1
I PWHT
.4
Tlimits
.4
I Currentorpolarity
NE
.8
I I&Erange
NE
.1
I String/Weave
NE
.5
I Methodofcleaning
NE
.6
I Methodbackgouge
NE
-----
.9
I Multitosinglepass/side
NE
-----
OK
-----
OK
50oF
E
NE
-----
.25
I Manualorautomatic
NE
.26
r Peening
NE
.64
UseofThermalProcesses
None
OK
50oF
OK
None
None
OK
None
-----
50oF
-----
None
-----
-----
-----------------
-------None
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
86
WPS/PQRReviewResults
Numberofbends
Required
OnPQR
(#&Type)
(#&Type)
2F&2ROR4S
4SIDES
NOTE:
BENDSPECIMENS
Results
AllowableDefects
OnPQR
1/8
OK
Validate
(OkorError)
OK
1.OpendiscontinuityinweldorHAZ<1/8(SeeQW-163,page6)
2.Ignoreopendiscontinuityoncorners,unlessresultfromLOF,Slagorinternaldiscontinuity
TENSILESPECIMENS
CompareResults
Ultimate
MSTSofBase
Failure
#onPQR
Metal
Stress
NumberofTensileSpecimens
#Required
2
60,000PSI
57,038Base
66,158Weld
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Validate
(OkorError)
OK
NOTE:1.FailureStress(failedinBaseMetal)mustbe .95%ofMSTS(seeQW-153,page4)
2.FailureStress(failedinWELD)mustbe MSTS(QW-153)
3.VerifythattheUltimateFailureStress iscalculatedproperly(S=Load/Area) (seeQW-152,page4)
CheckforP-No,F-Noand/orSpecificationmistakesontheWPS/PQR.
Results- NoF-NoorP-Noerrors.
87
Practice Questions
for Reviewing WPS/PQR
IstheP#qualifiedinaccordancewithASMESectionIX?
Result Yes,P8
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88
Practice Questions
8VH:36-&33DQG345-&334WRDQVZHUWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV
$UWLFOH,9
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IsthebasemetalthicknessinaccordancewithASMESectionIX?
Result No,PQRcouponwaswhichqualifiesthk rangeof3/16to1,
WPSindicated1/16to1
89
Practice Questions
IstheshieldinggasinaccordancewithASMESectionIX?
Result NO,WPSisforsinglegas(argon)andPQRisfor75/25mix
Essential
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Practice Questions
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Result NO,ER304isF6&E7018isaF4
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Practice Questions
8VH:36-&33DQG345-&334WRDQVZHUWKLVTXHVWLRQ
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PWHT temps, see Table UCS-56
Partial HT requires 5 ft overlap for each successive heats (partial means part cannot fit
into furnace) per par UW-40(a)(2).
HT of welds includes a zone extend 1t or 2, whichever is less, beyond each side of the
weld (par UW-40(a)
No control of temperature up to 800oF. Par UCS-56(c.)
Heating rate above 800oF shall not be more than 400oF per hr/max metal thickness. Par
UCS-56(d)(1)(2).
Variation in temperature cannot exceed 250oF in any 15 ft length of vessel. Par UCS56(d)(2)
Holding time is per Table UCS-56
During holding time, temperature cannot vary by more than 150oF. Par UCS-56(d)(3).
Cool down rate shall not be more than 500oF per hr/max metal thickness. No control
necessary below 800oF. Par UCS-56(d)(5).
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8.1.6.4.1)
Ifapprovedbytheengineer.
Apreheatof300oForhigherismaintainedduringwelding
PWHTtemperaturemaintainedforadistancenotlessthan2xt,fromthetoeoftheweld.
Atleasttwothermocouplesmustbeused.
MetallurgistapprovesthePWHTprocedureifitisperformedforenvironmentalassisted
crackingresistance.
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Noweldingrecommendedattemperatureslowerthan0oF.Temperaturesbetween32oF
and0oF,surfaceswithin3oftheweldshouldbeheatedtoaminimumof60oF.Par.
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2. Preheat temperature maintained at a distance of 4 or 4t, whichever is
greater, on each side of weld
3. Maximum interpass temperature of 600oF
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Welding Procedure (WPS),

Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)
and
Welder Performance Qualification
(WPQ)
Forms
Index
x WPS JCP-P101
x PQR JCP-PQ101
x WPS JCP-P201
x PQR JCP-PQ201
x WPS JCP-P301
x PQR JCP-PQ301
x Rod Burner WPQ Form with qualified range
x Rod Burner WPQ Form without qualified range
x Blank WPS Form
x Blank PQR Form
x Blank WPQ Form
ASME Section IX WPS
QW-482 Suggested Format For Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)

(See Section IX QW-200.1)
Company Name
JC Penny
By
Mr. Penny
Welding Procedure Specification No. JCP-P101
Date 9/11/2001
Supporting PQR No.(s)JCP-PQ101
Revision No. 0
Date 9/11/2001
Welding Process(es)
SMAW
Type(s)
Manual
Test Description
Joints (QW 402)

Joint Design
Single V Groove and Fillets
Root Spacing
.0625 to 1.250
Backing: Yes
x
No
x
Backing Material (Type)
Metal
(Refer to both backing and retainers)
Metal
Nonmetallic
Nonfusing Metal
Other
Sketches, Production drawings, weld symbols, or written description should show the general arrangement of the parts
to be welded. Where applicable, the details of weld groove may be specified.
(At the option of the manufacturer, sketches may be attached to illustrate joint design, weld layers, and bead sequence
(e.g. for notch toughness procedures, for multiple process procedures, etc)).
Base Metals (QW 403)
P-No.
1
Group No.
to P-No.
1
Group No.
OR
Specification and type/grade
to Specification and type/grade
OR
Chemical Analysis and Mech. Prop.
to Chemical Analysis and Mech. Prop.
Thickness Range:
Base Metal: Groove 1/16 to 1
Fillet
All
Maximum pass thickness (yes) x
(no)
Pipe Diameter (Groove)
2 7/8
(Fillet)
All
Filler Metals (QW 404)
Spec. No. (SFA) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
AWS No. (Class) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Size of Filler Metals_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Weld Metal:
Thickness Range:
Groove_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Fillet_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Electrode-Flux (Class) _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Flux Type_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Consumable Insert_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Other_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1st Filler Metal

5.1
E-7018
3
1
3/32, 1/8, 5/16
.0625 to 1.0
.250 to 1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
2nd Filler Metal
Positions (QW 405)

Position(s) of Groove
ALL
Welding Progression: UP X
Position(s) of fillet
ALL
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp, Min
Interpass Temp, Max
Preheat Maintenance
WPS No. JCP-P101

Postweld Heat Treatment (QW 407)
Temperature Range None
Time Range
Other
Down
Gas (QW 408)
50oF
350oF
None
(Continuous or special heating, where applicable, should be recorded.
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate
Gases
N/A
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Other
Page of 2
Rev.# 0
Electrical Characteristics (QW 409)
Filler Metal
Weld
Pass(es)
Process
Classifi
-cation
Diameter
All
SMAW
E-7018
1/8
Current
Type
and
Polarity
DCEP
Amps
(Range)
70 to
200
Wire
Feed
Speed
(Range)
Energy or
Power
(Range)
Volts
(Range)
Travel
Speed
(Range)
N/A
N/A
19 - 25
5 to 7
Other (e.g
Remarks, Comments, Hot Wire
Addition,
Technique, Torch
Angle, etc)
NOTE: Amps and volts, or power or energy range, should be recorded for each electrode size, position, and thickness, etc
Pulsing Current
N/A
Tungsten Electrode Size and Type
N/A
Mode of Metal Transfer for GMAW or FCAW
Heat Input (max.)

(Pure Tungsten, 2% Thoriated, etc)
N/A
(Spray Arc, Short Circuiting Arc, Globular Arc, etc)
Technique (QW 410)

String or Weave Bead
String or Weave
Orifice, Nozzle, or Gas Cup Size
N/A
Initial and Interpass cleaning (Brushing, Grinding, etc
Method of Back Gouging
Grinding
Oscillation
N/A
Contact Tube to Work Distance
N/A
Multiple or Single Pass (per side)
Multiple of Single Electrodes
Peening
N/A
Other
N/A
Grinding, Chipping or Wire Brush
Multiple or Single
Single
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX PQR
QW-483 Suggested Format For Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)

Company Name
JC Penny
PQR No.
JCP-PQ101
WPS # JCP-P101
Date 9/12/2001
Welding Process(es)
SMAW
Type(s)
Manual
Joints (QW 402)
G
D
i off TTest C
Groove
Design
Coupon
Material Spec.
SA-53 Gr B
P-No.
to
P-No.
Thickness of Test Coupon
Diameter of Test Coupon 6
Other

Temperature Range
None
Time Range
Other
Gas (QW 408)

SFA Specification 5.1
AWS Classification
E-7018
Filler Metal F-No.
4
Weld Metal Analysis A-No.
1
Size of Filler Metal
5/32
Other
Weld Metal Thickness
Positions (QW 405)
Position of Groove
ALL
Weld Progression (Uphill, Downhill)
Other
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp 50oF
Interpass Temp
Other
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Gases
N/A
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate

Current DC
Polarity Straight
Amps: 150-300
Volts 20-28
Tungsten Electrode Size
N/A
Other
Technique (QW 410)
Travel Speed 3/min
Stringer
Oscillation
Multipass or Single Pass (per side)
Multiple
Single or Multiple Electrodes Single
Other
QW 483 (back)
PQR No. JCP-PQ101
Specimen No.
Width
(inch)
.750
.756
T1
T2
SIDE
SIDE
SIDE
SIDE
#
#
#
#
Specimen
No.
Thickness
(inch)
.455
.451
Type and Figure No.
1
2
3
4
Notch
Location
Area
(sq. inches)
.341
.341
Ultimate Load
(lbs)
19,450
22,560
Guided Bend Tests (QW -160)
Ultimate Stress
(psi)
57,038
66,158
Test
Temp
No
Impact
Values
Type of Failure
& Location
Pass - Base
Pass - Weld
Results
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Notch Toughness Tests (QW -170)
Notch
Type
Result Satisfactory: YES

Macro Results
Tensile Test (QW -150)
Lateral Exp
% Shear
Mils
Fillet Weld Test (QW -180)
Penetration into Parent Metal YES
Drop Weight
Break
No Break
No
Other Tests
Type of Test
Deposit Analysis
Other
.
Welders Name Jack Shift Jr
Test conducted by:
Clock No.
Stamp No.
Laboratory Test No.
B2
We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in
accordance with the requirements of ASME Section IX.
Manufacturer
Date
9/11/2001
By:
JC Penny
Jack Shift Sr
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX WPS

Company Name
JC Penny
By
Mr. Penny
Date 8/11/2001
Revision No. 0
Date 8/11/2001
Welding Process(es)
GTAW
Type(s)
Manual
Test Description
Joints (QW 402)

Joint Design
Single V Groove
Root Spacing
1.250
Backing: Yes
x
No
x
Solid Metal or weld metal
(Refers to both backing and retainers)
Metal
Nonmetallic
Nonfusing Metal
Other
P-No.
Group No.
to P-No.
Group No.
OR
Specification and type/grade SA 240 Type 304
to Specification and type/grade SA 240 Type 304
OR
Thickness Range:
Fillet
All
(no)
2 7/8
(Fillet)
All
Spec. No. (SFA):
5.9
AWS No. (Class):
ER304
F-No.:
F-6
A-No.:
A-8
Size of Filler Metals: 3/32, 1/8,5/16
Weld MetalThickness Range:
Groove: .0625 to 1.0
Fillet: No limit
Electrode-Flux (Class):
Flux Type:
Consumable Insert:
Other:
N/A
N/A
None
N/A
No single pass >
Positions (QW 405)

ALL
ALL
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp, Min
Interpass Temp, Max
Preheat Maintenance
Page of 2
Rev.# 0
WPS No. JCP-P201

Time Range
Other
Down
Gas (QW 408)
80oF
350oF
None
Gases
Argon
None
None
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Other
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate

Filler Metal
Current
Type
and
Polarity
Amps
(Range)
Wire
Feed
Speed
(Range)
Energy or
Power
(Range)
Volts
(Range)
Travel
Speed
(Range)
Weld
Pass(es)
Process
Classifi
-cation
Diameter
All
GTAW
ER304
3/32
DCSP
60-100
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
All
All
GTAW
GTAW
ER304
ER304
1/8
5/16
DCSP
DCSP
70-110
90-160
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Other
(e.g Remarks,
Comments,
Hot Wire Addition,
Technique, Torch
Angle, etc)
Pulsing Current
N/A
Heat Input (max.)

N/A
2% Thoriated (EWTh-2) or Cesium Stablilized (EWCe-2)
N/A
Technique (QW 410)

String or Weave
3/8 to diameter shielding gas cup size
Initial and Interpass cleaning (Brushing, Grinding, etc Grinding, Chipping, Wire Brush or Thermal process
Grinding or thermal process
Oscillation
N/A
N/A
Multiple
Single
Peening
None
Other
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX PQR

Company Name
JC Penny
PQR No.
JCP-PQ201
WPS # JCP-P201
Date 8/12/2001
Welding Process(es)
GTAW
Type(s)
Manual
Joints (QW 402)
G
D
i off TTest C
Groove
Design
Coupon
Material Spec.
SA-240 Type 304
P-No. 8
to
P-No.
8
Diameter of Test Coupon Plate
Other

Temperature Range
None
Time Range
Other
Gas (QW 408)

AWS Classification
E-7018
Filler Metal F-No.
6
8
N/A
Other

Current DC
Polarity Straight
Amps: 90-100
Volts 20-28
1/8
Other
Positions (QW 405)

Position of Groove
1G
Other
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp 50oF
Interpass Temp 250oF
Other
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Percent Composition
Gases
Mixtures
Flow Rate
Argon/CO 75%/25%
15-25
None
None
N/A
Technique (QW 410)

Travel Speed 5/min
Weave
Oscillation
Multiple
Other
QW 483 (back)
PQR No. JCP-PQ101
Specimen No.
T1
T2
Face # 1
Face # 2
Root # 3
Root # 4
Specimen
No.
Width(W)
(inch)
.750
.750
Thickness(y)
(inch)
.440
.449
Type and Figure No.
Notch
Location
Area
(sq. inches)
.330
.337
Ultimate Load
(lbs)
24,450
24,000
Ultimate Stress
(psi)
74,090
71,216
Test
Temp
No
Impact
Values
Type of Failure
& Location
Pass - Weld
Pass - Base
Results
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Notch
Type

Macro Results
Lateral Exp
% Shear
Mils
Drop Weight
Break
No Break
No
Other Tests
Type of Test
Deposit Analysis
Other
.
Clock No.
Test conducted by: Shear Metal Testing Lab
Stamp No.
Laboratory Test No.
B2
SM-1001
Manufacturer
Date
8/12/2001
By:
JC Penny
Jack Shift Sr
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX WPS

Company Name
JC Penny
By
Mr. Penny
Date 9/11/2001
Revision No. 0
Date 9/11/2001
Welding Process(es)
SMAW
Type(s)
Manual
Test Description
Joints (QW 402)

Joint Design
Root Spacing
.0625 to 1.250
Backing: Yes
x
No
x
Metal
Metal
Nonmetallic
Nonfusing Metal
Other
P-No.
1
Group No.
to P-No.
1
Group No.
OR
OR
Thickness Range:
Fillet
All
(no)
2 7/8
(Fillet)
All
Spec. No. (SFA) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
AWS No. (Class) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Weld Metal:
Thickness Range:
Groove_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Fillet_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Flux Type_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Other_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1st Filler Metal

5.1
E-7018
3
1
3/32, 1/8, 5/16
.0625 to 1.0
.250 to 1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
2nd Filler Metal
Positions (QW 405)

ALL
ALL
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp, Min
Interpass Temp, Max
Preheat Maintenance
WPS No. JCP-P301

Time Range
Other
Down
Gas (QW 408)
50oF
350oF
None
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate
Gases
N/A
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Other
Page 1 of 2
Rev.# 0
Filler Metal
Weld
Pass(es)
Process
Classifi
-cation
Diameter
All
SMAW
E-7018
1/8
Current
Type
and
Polarity
DCEP
Amps
(Range)
70 to
200
Wire
Feed
Speed
(Range)
Energy or
Power
(Range)
Volts
(Range)
Travel
Speed
(Range)
N/A
N/A
19 - 25
5 to 7
Other (e.g
Addition,
Technique, Torch
Angle, etc)
Pulsing Current
N/A
N/A
Heat Input (max.)

N/A
Technique (QW 410)

String or Weave
N/A
Grinding
Oscillation
N/A
N/A
Peening
N/A
Other
N/A
Multiple or Single
Single
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX PQR

Company Name
JC Penny
PQR No.
JCP-PQ301
WPS # JCP-P301
Date 9/12/2001
Welding Process(es)
SMAW
Type(s)
Manual
Joints (QW 402)
G
D
i off TTest C
Groove
Design
Coupon
Material Spec.
SA-53 Gr B
P-No.
to
P-No.
Other

Temperature Range
None
Time Range
Other
Gas (QW 408)

AWS Classification
E-7018
Filler Metal F-No.
4
1
5/32
Other
Positions (QW 405)
Position of Groove
ALL
Other
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp 50oF
Interpass Temp
Other
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Gases
N/A
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate

Current DC
Polarity Straight
Amps: 150-300
Volts 20-28
N/A
Other
Technique (QW 410)
Travel Speed 3/min
Stringer
Oscillation
Multiple
Other
QW 483 (back)
PQR No. JCP-PQ301
Specimen No.
Width
(inch)
.750
.756
T1
T2
Type and Figure No.
SIDE # 1
SIDE # 2
Face # 1
Face # 2
Specimen
No.
Thickness
(inch)
.455
.451
Notch
Location
Area
(sq. inches)
.341
.341
Ultimate Load
(lbs)
19,450
22,560
Ultimate Stress
(psi)
57,038
66,158
Test
Temp
No
Impact
Values
Type of Failure
& Location
Pass - Base
Pass - Weld
Results
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Notch
Type

Macro Results
Lateral Exp
% Shear
Mils
Drop Weight
Break
No Break
No
Other Tests
Type of Test
Deposit Analysis
Other
.
Test conducted by:
Clock No.
Stamp No.
Laboratory Test No.
B2
Manufacturer
Date
9/11/2001
By:
JC Penny
Jack Shift Sr
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX Welder Qualification

Homework WPQs
QW-484A Suggested Format For Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ)
(See Section IX QW-301)
Welder(s) Name
Mr. Rod Burner
Identification Number
A11
Test Description
Identification of WPS followed
WPS 101
Test Coupon
Production Weld
Specification and Type/Grade or UNS Number of base metal(s) A 106B to A106B
Thickness
.280
Testing Variables and Qualification Limits

Welding Variables (QW350)
Actual Values
Welding Process(es)
Type (i.e. manual, semi-automatic) used
Manual
Backing (with or without)
None
Test Coupon
Range Qualified
SMAW
Production Weld (dia if pipe)
SMAW
Manual
F1 to F3 with,F3 wo
__
6 NPS
2 7/8 OD
Base metal P-Number to P-Number
P-1 to P-1
P1-P15F, P34, P41-P49
Filler Metal or Electrode Spec (SFA)
5.1
-------
Filler Metal F-Number
F3
F1,F2, & F3
Consumable Insert (GTAW or PAW)
N/A
-------
Filler Metal Type (solid/metal or flux cored/powder)
N/A
-------
Deposited Thickness for each process

Process 1:
SMAW
3 layers minimum
Process 2:
Yes
3 layers minimum
No
Yes
.280
No
Position qualified (1G,2G,3G,4G,5G,6G, etc)
.560
----
-------
2G
F, H
Vertical progression (uphill or downhill)
Uphill
Uphill
Inert Gas Backing (GTAW, PAW, GMAW)
N/A
-------
GMAW Transfer mode (Spray, Globular, Pulse, or Short Circuit)
N/A
-------
GTAW Current type/polarity (AC,DCEP,DCEN)
N/A
-------
RESULTS
Visual examination of completed weld (QW 302.4)
Acceptable
Transverse face and root bends (QW 462.3(a)

Type
Longitudinal bends (QW 462.3(b)

Results
Side bends (QW 462.2)
Type
Face
No defects Acceptable
Root
No defects - Acceptable
Results
Alternative Volumetric Examination Results (QW 191)
N/A
Fillet weld fracture test (QW 181.2)
Length and percent of defects
N/A
Fillet size (in.)
Concavity/convexity (in.)
N/A
Macro examination (QW 184)
RT or
x
UT
Other tests
Film or specimens evaluated by
Company
Mechanical tests conducted by Ben Tension
Laboratory test no. 123
Welding supervised by Red Eye
We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test coupons were prepared, welded, and tested in accordance with the
requirements of Section IX of the ASME Code.
Organization
Date
By
April 7, 2010
Worlds Best Fabricator
John Doe
Welding Procedure (WPS),

Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)
and
Welder Performance Qualification
(WPQ)
Forms
Index
x WPS JCP-P101
x PQR JCP-PQ101
x WPS JCP-P201
x PQR JCP-PQ201
x WPS JCP-P301
x PQR JCP-PQ301
x Rod Burner WPQ Form with qualified range
x Rod Burner WPQ Form without qualified range
x Blank WPS Form
x Blank PQR Form
x Blank WPQ Form
ASME Section IX WPS

Company Name
JC Penny
By
Mr. Penny
Date 9/11/2001
Revision No. 0
Date 9/11/2001
Welding Process(es)
SMAW
Type(s)
Manual
Test Description
Joints (QW 402)

Joint Design
Root Spacing
.0625 to 1.250
Backing: Yes
x
No
x
Metal
Metal
Nonmetallic
Nonfusing Metal
Other
P-No.
1
Group No.
to P-No.
1
Group No.
OR
OR
Thickness Range:
Fillet
All
(no)
2 7/8
(Fillet)
All
Spec. No. (SFA) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
AWS No. (Class) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Weld Metal:
Thickness Range:
Groove_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Fillet_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Flux Type_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Other_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1st Filler Metal

5.1
E-70
3
1
3/32, 1/8, 5/16
.0625 to 1.0
.250 to 1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
2nd Filler Metal
Positions (QW 405)

ALL
ALL
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp, Min
Interpass Temp, Max
Preheat Maintenance
WPS No. JCP-P101

Time Range
Other
Down
Gas (QW 408)
50oF
350oF
None
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate
Gases
N/A
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Other
Page of 2
Rev.# 0
Filler Metal
Weld
Pass(es)
Process
Classifi
-cation
Diameter
All
SMAW
E-7018
1/8
Current
Type
and
Polarity
DCEP
Amps
(Range)
70 to
200
Wire
Feed
Speed
(Range)
Energy or
Power
(Range)
Volts
(Range)
Travel
Speed
(Range)
N/A
N/A
19 - 25
5 to 7
Other (e.g
Addition,
Technique, Torch
Angle, etc)
Pulsing Current
N/A
N/A
Heat Input (max.)

N/A
Technique (QW 410)

String or Weave
N/A
Grinding
Oscillation
N/A
N/A
Peening
N/A
Other
N/A
Multiple or Single
Single
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX PQR

Company Name
JC Penny
PQR No.
JCP-PQ101
WPS # JCP-P101
Date 9/12/2001
Welding Process(es)
SMAW
Type(s)
Manual
Joints (QW 402)
Groove D
G
Design
i off TTest C
Coupon
Material Spec.
SA-53 Gr B
P-No.
to
P-No.
Other

Temperature Range
None
Time Range
Other
Gas (QW 408)

AWS Classification
E-7018
Filler Metal F-No.
4
1
5/32
Other
Positions (QW 405)
Position of Groove
ALL
Other
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp 50oF
Interpass Temp
Other
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Gases
N/A
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate

Current DC
Polarity Straight
Amps: 150-300
Volts 20-28
N/A
Other
Technique (QW 410)
Travel Speed 3/min
Stringer
Oscillation
Multiple
Other
QW 483 (back)
PQR No. JCP-PQ101
Specimen No.
Width
(inch)
.750
.756
T1
T2
SIDE
SIDE
SIDE
SIDE
#
#
#
#
Specimen
No.
Thickness
(inch)
.455
.451
Type and Figure No.
1
2
3
4
Notch
Location
Area
(sq. inches)
.341
.341
Ultimate Load
(lbs)
19,450
22,560
Ultimate Stress
(psi)
57,038
66,158
Test
Temp
No
Impact
Values
Type of Failure
& Location
Pass - Base
Pass - Weld
Results
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Notch
Type

Macro Results
Lateral Exp
% Shear
Mils
Drop Weight
Break
No Break
No
Other Tests
Type of Test
Deposit Analysis
Other
.
Test conducted by:
Clock No.
Stamp No.
Laboratory Test No.
B2
Manufacturer
Date
9/11/2001
By:
JC Penny
Jack Shift Sr
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX WPS

Company Name
JC Penny
By
Mr. Penny
Date 8/11/2001
Revision No. 0
Date 8/11/2001
Welding Process(es)
GTAW
Type(s)
Manual
Test Description
Joints (QW 402)

Joint Design
Single V Groove
Root Spacing
1.250
Backing: Yes
x
No
x
Solid Metal or weld metal
(Refers to both backing and retainers)
Metal
Nonmetallic
Nonfusing Metal
Other
P-No.
Group No.
to P-No.
Group No.
OR
Specification and type/grade SA 240 Type 304
to Specification and type/grade SA 240 Type 304
OR
Thickness Range:
Fillet
All
(no)
2 7/8
(Fillet)
All
Spec. No. (SFA):
5.9
AWS No. (Class):
ER304
F-No.:
F-6
A-No.:
A-8
Size of Filler Metals: 3/32, 1/8,5/16
Weld MetalThickness Range:
Groove: .0625 to 1.0
Fillet: No limit
Electrode-Flux (Class):
Flux Type:
Consumable Insert:
Other:
N/A
N/A
None
N/A
No single pass >
Positions (QW 405)

ALL
ALL
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp, Min
Interpass Temp, Max
Preheat Maintenance
Page of 2
Rev.# 0
WPS No. JCP-P201

Time Range
Other
Down
Gas (QW 408)
80oF
350oF
None
Gases
Argon
None
None
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Other
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate

Filler Metal
Current
Type
and
Polarity
Amps
(Range)
Wire
Feed
Speed
(Range)
Energy or
Power
(Range)
Volts
(Range)
Travel
Speed
(Range)
Weld
Pass(es)
Process
Classifi
-cation
Diameter
All
GTAW
ER304
3/32
DCSP
60-100
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
All
All
GTAW
GTAW
ER304
ER304
1/8
5/16
DCSP
DCSP
70-110
90-160
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Other
(e.g Remarks,
Comments,
Hot Wire Addition,
Technique, Torch
Angle, etc)
Pulsing Current
N/A
Heat Input (max.)

N/A
2% Thoriated (EWTh-2) or Cesium Stablilized (EWCe-2)
N/A
Technique (QW 410)

String or Weave
3/8 to diameter shielding gas cup size
Initial and Interpass cleaning (Brushing, Grinding, etc Grinding, Chipping, Wire Brush or Thermal process
Grinding or thermal process
Oscillation
N/A
N/A
Multiple
Single
Peening
None
Other
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX PQR

Company Name
JC Penny
PQR No.
JCP-PQ201
WPS # JCP-P201
Date 8/12/2001
Welding Process(es)
GTAW
Type(s)
Manual
Joints (QW 402)
G
D
i off TTest C
Groove
Design
Coupon
Material Spec.
SA-240 Type 304
P-No. 8
to
P-No.
8
Diameter of Test Coupon Plate
Other

Temperature Range
None
Time Range
Other
Gas (QW 408)

AWS Classification
E-7018
Filler Metal F-No.
6
8
N/A
Other

Current DC
Polarity Straight
Amps: 90-100
Volts 20-28
1/8
Other
Positions (QW 405)

Position of Groove
1G
Other
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp 50oF
Interpass Temp 250oF
Other
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Percent Composition
Gases
Mixtures
Flow Rate
Argon/CO 75%/25%
15-25
None
None
N/A
Technique (QW 410)

Travel Speed 5/min
Weave
Oscillation
Multiple
Other
QW 483 (back)
PQR No. JCP-PQ01
Specimen No.
T1
T2
Face # 1
Face # 2
Root # 3
Root # 4
Specimen
No.
Width(W)
(inch)
.750
.750
Thickness(y)
(inch)
.440
.449
Type and Figure No.
Notch
Location
Area
(sq. inches)
.330
.337
Ultimate Load
(lbs)
24,450
24,000
Ultimate Stress
(psi)
74,090
71,216
Test
Temp
No
Impact
Values
Type of Failure
& Location
Pass - Weld
Pass - Base
Results
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Notch
Type

Macro Results
Lateral Exp
% Shear
Mils
Drop Weight
Break
No Break
No
Other Tests
Type of Test
Deposit Analysis
Other
.
Clock No.
Test conducted by: Shear Metal Testing Lab
Stamp No.
Laboratory Test No.
B2
SM-1001
Manufacturer
Date
8/12/2001
By:
JC Penny
Jack Shift Sr
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX WPS

Company Name
JC Penny
By
Mr. Penny
Date 9/11/2001
Revision No. 0
Date 9/11/2001
Welding Process(es)
SMAW
Type(s)
Manual
Test Description
Joints (QW 402)

Joint Design
Root Spacing
.0625 to 1.250
Backing: Yes
x
No
x
Metal
Metal
Nonmetallic
Nonfusing Metal
Other
P-No.
1
Group No.
to P-No.
1
Group No.
OR
OR
Thickness Range:
Fillet
All
(no)
2 7/8
(Fillet)
All
Spec. No. (SFA) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
AWS No. (Class) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Weld Metal:
Thickness Range:
Groove_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Fillet_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Flux Type_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Other_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1st Filler Metal

5.1
E-7018
3
1
3/32, 1/8, 5/16
.0625 to 1.0
.250 to 1.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
2nd Filler Metal
Positions (QW 405)

ALL
ALL
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp, Min
Interpass Temp, Max
Preheat Maintenance
WPS No. JCP-P301

Time Range
Other
Down
Gas (QW 408)
50oF
350oF
None
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate
Gases
N/A
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Other
Page 1 of 2
Rev.# 0
Filler Metal
Weld
Pass(es)
Process
Classifi
-cation
Diameter
All
SMAW
E-7018
1/8
Current
Type
and
Polarity
DCEP
Amps
(Range)
70 to
200
Wire
Feed
Speed
(Range)
Energy or
Power
(Range)
Volts
(Range)
Travel
Speed
(Range)
N/A
N/A
19 - 25
5 to 7
Other (e.g
Addition,
Technique, Torch
Angle, etc)
Pulsing Current
N/A
N/A
Heat Input (max.)

N/A
Technique (QW 410)

String or Weave
N/A
Grinding
Oscillation
N/A
N/A
Peening
N/A
Other
N/A
Multiple or Single
Single
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX PQR

Company Name
JC Penny
PQR No.
JCP-PQ301
WPS # JCP-P301
Date 9/12/2001
Welding Process(es)
SMAW
Type(s)
Manual
Joints (QW 402)
G
D
i off TTest C
Groove
Design
Coupon
Material Spec.
SA-53 Gr B
P-No.
to
P-No.
Other

Temperature Range
None
Time Range
Other
Gas (QW 408)

AWS Classification
E-7018
Filler Metal F-No.
4
1
5/32
Other
Positions (QW 405)
Position of Groove
ALL
Other
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp 50oF
Interpass Temp
Other
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Gases
N/A
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate

Current DC
Polarity Straight
Amps: 150-300
Volts 20-28
N/A
Other
Technique (QW 410)
Travel Speed 3/min
Stringer
Oscillation
Multiple
Other
QW 483 (back)
PQR No. JCP-PQ301
Specimen No.
Width
(inch)
.750
.756
T1
T2
Type and Figure No.
SIDE # 1
SIDE # 2
Face # 1
Face # 2
Specimen
No.
Thickness
(inch)
.455
.451
Notch
Location
Area
(sq. inches)
.341
.341
Ultimate Load
(lbs)
19,450
22,560
Ultimate Stress
(psi)
57,038
66,158
Test
Temp
No
Impact
Values
Type of Failure
& Location
Pass - Base
Pass - Weld
Results
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Notch
Type

Macro Results
Lateral Exp
% Shear
Mils
Drop Weight
Break
No Break
No
Other Tests
Type of Test
Deposit Analysis
Other
.
Test conducted by:
Clock No.
Stamp No.
Laboratory Test No.
B2
Manufacturer
Date
9/11/2001
By:
JC Penny
Jack Shift Sr
Page 2 of 2

Homework WPQs
Welder(s) Name
Mr. Rod Burner
A11
Test Description
WPS 101
Test Coupon
Production Weld
Specification and Type/Grade or UNS Number of base metal(s) A 106B to A106B
Thickness
.280

Actual Values
Welding Process(es)
Manual
None
Test Coupon
Range Qualified
SMAW
SMAW
Manual
F1 to F3 with,F3 wo
__
6 NPS
2 7/8 OD
P-1 to P-1
P1-P15F, P34, P41-P49
5.1
-------
F3
F1,F2, & F3
N/A
-------
N/A
-------

Process 1:
SMAW
3 layers minimum
Process 2:
Yes
3 layers minimum
No
Yes
.280
No
.560
----
-------
2G
F, H
Uphill
Uphill
N/A
-------
N/A
-------
N/A
-------
RESULTS
Acceptable

Type

Results
Type
Face
No defects Acceptable
Root
No defects - Acceptable
Results
N/A
N/A
Fillet size (in.)
N/A
RT or
x
UT
Other tests
Company
Mechanical tests conducted by Ben Tension
Laboratory test no. 123
Welding supervised by Red Eye
Organization
Date
By
April 7, 2010
Worlds Best Fabricator
John Doe
ASME Section IX WPS

Company Name
By
Welding Procedure Specification No.
Date
Supporting PQR No.(s)
Date
Revision No.
Welding Process(es)
Joints (QW 402)
Joint Design
Root Spacing
Backing: Yes
Metal
Nonmetallic
Type(s)
Test Description
No
Nonfusing Metal
Other
P-No.
Group No.
to P-No.
Group No.
OR
OR
Thickness Range:
Base Metal: Groove
Fillet
Maximum pass thickness (yes)
(no)
Spec. No. (SFA) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
AWS No. (Class) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A-No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Filler Metal Product Form_ _ _ _ _
Weld Metal:
Thickness Range:
Groove_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Fillet_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Flux Type_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Other_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1st Filler Metal
2nnd Filler Metal
Page 1 of 2
Positions (QW 405))

Welding Progression: UP
WPS No.
Postweld Heat Treatment (QW 407))
Temperature Range
Time Range
Other
Down
Preheat (QW 406))

Preheat Temp, Min
Interpass Temp, Max
Preheat Maintenance
Gas (QW 408))

Gases
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Other
Rev.#
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate
Filler Metal
Weld
Pass(es)
Process
Classifi
-cation
Diameter
Current
Type
and
Polarity
Amps
(Range)
Wire
Feed
Speed
(Range)
Energy or
Power
(Range)
Volts
(Range)
Travel
Speed
(Range)
Other (e.g
Addition,
Technique, Torch
Angle, etc)
Pulsing Current
Heat Input (max.)

Technique (QW 410)

Oscillation
Electrode Spacing
Peening
Other
Page 2 of 2
ASME Section IX PQR
Company Name
PQR No.
Welding Process(es)

Joints (QW 402)
WPS #
Type(s)
Date
.375"
Groove Design of Test Coupon

Material Spec.
P-No.
to
P-No.
Diameter of Test Coupon
Other

Temperature Range
Time Range
Other
Gas (QW 408)

SFA Specification
AWS Classification
Filler Metal F-No.
Other
Positions (QW 405)
Position of Groove
ALL
Other
Preheat (QW 406)
Preheat Temp 50oF
Interpass Temp None
Other
Shielding
Trailing
Backing
Gases
N/A
Percent Composition
Mixtures
Flow Rate

Current
Polarity
Amps:
Volts
Other
Technique (QW 410)
Travel Speed
Oscillation
Single or Multiple Electrodes
Other
QW 483 (back)
PQR No.
Specimen No.
Width
(inch)
Thickness
(inch)
Type and Figure No.
Specimen
No.
Notch
Location
Area
(sq. inches)
Ultimate Load
(lbs)
Ultimate Stress
(psi)
Test
Temp
No
Impact
Values
Lateral Exp
% Shear
Mils
Type of Failure
& Location
Results
Notch
Type

Macro Results
Drop Weight
Break
No Break
No
Other Tests
Type of Test
Deposit Analysis
Other
.
Welders Name
Test conducted by:
Clock No.
Stamp No.
Laboratory Test No.
Manufacturer
Date
By:
Page 2 of 2

Homework WPQs
Welder(s) Name
Test Description
Test Coupon
Production Weld
Specification and Type/Grade or UNS Number of base metal(s)
Thickness

Actual Values
Range Qualified
Welding Process(es)
Test Coupon

Process 1:
3 layers minimum
Yes
No
Process 2:
3 layers minimum
Yes
No

RESULTS
Type

Results
Type
Results
RT or

UT

Fillet size (in.)
Other tests
Company
Mechanical tests conducted by
Laboratory test no.
Welding supervised by
Organization
Date
By

API 510 Quick Notes

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API 510 Course

II. Joint Efficiencies

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Newly installed or Change in Service (API 510, par 7.1.2)

Calculated from data of vessels in similar service.

May have different corrosion-rates for large vessels with

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10oF and 350oF for carbon steel and alloy steels

Widely scattered pits can be ignored, if;

Corrosion Allowance = 0.250

Widely scattered pits can be ignored, if;

Widely scattered pits can be ignored, if;

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A. Inspection plan must be established for all

F. Examinations must be scheduled at intervals that consider;

510 par. 6.2.2)

On-stream inspections performed by examiners shall be

Performed by inspector or qualified others (qualified

Condition of Outside surface of vessel

Conditions discovered by others, must be reported to

Weld Joint Types

Weld Joint Types

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Joint Efficiency is based on;

A seamless head _________?

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Aspherehasaninsideradiusof12ft anddesignedfor250psig@500deg F.

AspherehasanIDof36ft anddesignedfor30psig@400deg F.Allowable

II. WELD SIZE FOR ATTACHMENT WELDS AT OPENING

III. Nozzle Reinforcement

Assume, the vessel shell is 0.500 thick and the

Step2: Calculate the throat size (tc)

Step 3: Calculate weld size (Fillet weld Leg size);

Nozzle Reinforcement Variables

Variables for nozzles without repads

Variables for nozzles with repads

A1 = d (t-tr) or 2(t + tn)(t-tr) , extra shell area, larger

A1 = d (t-tr) or 2(t + tn)(t-tr) , larger of these two

2) What is the area lost?

No more than one process (SMAW, GTAW or SAW).

One filler metal per process

Base metal limited to P1, P3, P4, P5 and P8

Dissimilar metals and/or thicknesses are excluded from exam

QW Divided into 5 Articles

Article I Welding general requirements (13 pages) QW100

Purpose of ASME Section IX

3. WPQ - (Welder Performance Qualification)

with a Welding Process (i.e. SMAW, GTAW, SAW).

General requirements of ASME

General requirements of ASME

General requirements of ASME

QW102 (Definitions) (see QW492, page 193)

properties were altered during welding

General requirements of ASME

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