601

5.27 Spice notes

.subcircuit ZX 1 2 3 4 5
Eout 4 6 poly(2) (1,2) (3,0) 0 0 0 0 1
Fcopy 0 3 Vsense 1
Rin 1 2 1G
Vsense 6 5 0
.ends

Line 1: the subcircuit name and the internal node numbers.

Line 2: E device (VCVS) between nodes #4 and #6, dened by a polynomial
in two variables, the voltages between nodes #1 and #2 (say V1) and
between #3 and #0 (say V3). The polynomial form is C0 !C1V1 !C2V3 !
C3V 12 !C4V1V3 ! so in this case all the coecients are zero except that
for V1V3.
Line 3: F device (CCCS) between nodes #3 and #0 which develops a current
proportional to that in Vsense, the constant of proportionality in this case
being 1. Note that there is an implied connection to node #0, which is
not shown on the symbol.
Line 4: The input resistance between the control input nodes #1 and #2 and
of value 1 G.
Line 5: A voltage source between nodes #6 and #5 of zero voltage. Used to
enable measurement of the current in the output circuit.
Line 6: Indicates the end of the denition.
We may understand the operation of the subcircuit as follows, using V1, V2, i3
and i5 as shown in Fig. 5.27.1(b):
Eout V1
V3 , V3 i3
Rref ,
V3 

Eout Rref V1 V3 Rref


Rvar
Rvar

or

i3 i5 

Eout
so
Rvar

Rvar V1Rref

(g) Transmission lines: For simple applications the lossless or ideal T line may be
used (see e.g. Section 5.24). If lossy lines are required you need values for the
parameters. Though details may dier somewhat between specic coaxial
types, an approximate set of values for 50 and 75  cables are:
Impedance, Z0

L (H m1)

C (pF m1)

R ( m1)

G (S m1)

50 
75 

0.25
0.38

100
67

0.37
0.31

7.5
6.3