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DYNAMICS
Kinetics of Particles:
Newton’s Second Law
F ma
• Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Fx i Fy j Fz k ma x i a y j a z k
Fx ma x Fy ma y Fz ma z
Fx mx Fy my Fz mz
25o
Ff
N
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mg 12 - 8
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Free Body Diagrams and Kinetic Diagrams
Put the inertial terms for the body of interest on the kinetic diagram.
1. Isolate the body of interest (free body)
2. Draw in the mass times acceleration of the particle; if unknown,
do this in the positive direction according to your chosen axes
x y may
225 N
max
25o
Ff
N
mg
F ma
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Free Body Diagrams and Kinetic Diagrams
Draw the FBD and KD for block A (note that the
massless, frictionless pulleys are attached to block A
and should be included in the system).
T
mg
Ff-B
= max
N1 Ff-1
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Free Body Diagrams and Kinetic Diagrams
eq maq
er
mar
q
q
=
Ff
mg
N
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 12.1
STRATEGY:
• Resolve the equation of motion for the
block into two rectangular component
equations.
xA 3 yB constants L
Differentiate this twice to get the
acceleration relationship.
vA 3vB 0
aA 3aB 0
aA 3aB (1)
an
v2
v an 2 m 16.03 m s 2
v 5.66 m s
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
v STRATEGY:
• Draw the FBD and KD for the collar.
• Write the equations of motion for the
collar.
• Determine kinematics of the collar.
• Combine the equations of motion with
The 3-kg collar B rests on the
kinematic relationships and solve.
frictionless arm AA. The collar is
held in place by the rope attached to
drum D and rotates about O in a
horizontal plane. The linear velocity
of the collar B is increasing according
to v= 0.2 t2 where v is in m/s and t is
in sec. Find the tension in the rope
and the force of the bar on the collar
after 5 seconds if r = 0.4 m.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
MODELING and ANALYSIS:
• Given: v= 0.2 t2, r = 0.4 m
• Find: T and N at t = 5 sec
Draw the FBD and KD of the collar
et mat
en =
T N man
dv
at 0.4t 0.4(5) 2 m/s2
dt
N 187.5 N T 6.0 N
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
et
REFLECT and THINK: mat
How would the problem
change if motion was in the
en
=
vertical plane?
T q N man
You would add an mg term mg
and would also need to
calculate q
r
F ma r m
r rq 2
Fq maq mrq 2rq
equations of motion for the block. 0 r0
The 3-kg collar B slides on the frictionless arm AA. The arm is attached to
drum D and rotates about O in a horizontal plane at the rate q 0.75t where q
and t are expressed in rad/s and seconds, respectively. As the arm-drum
assembly rotates, a mechanism within the drum releases the cord so that the
collar moves outward from O with a constant speed of 0.5 m/s. Knowing that
at t = 0, r = 0, determine the time at which the tension in the cord is equal to
the magnitude of the horizontal force exerted on B by arm AA.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Group Problem Solving
MODELING and ANALYSIS:
• Given: q 0.75t r (0) 0
r 5 m/s
• Find: time when T = N
Draw the FBD and KD of the collar
maq
eq
er mar
=
T N
q (0.75t ) rad/s 0
dr 0
0.5 dt
or H O mr 2q constant
HO angular momentum
r 2q h
m unit mass
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Eqs of Motion in Radial & Transverse Components
r
F ma r m
r rq 2
Fq maq mrq 2rq
• This result may also be derived from:
H O mr 2q
r Fq
d
dt
mr 2q
m r 2q 2rrq
Fq mrq 2rq
dA 1 2 dq 1 2
• Define 2r 2 r q areal velocity
dt dt
where a 12 r0 r1
b r0 r1