Parametric Surfaces

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Surface Representation
It is just an extension of representation of curves.

We can represent a surface as a series of grid points inside its

bounding curves.
Surfaces can be in two-dimensional space (planar) or in threedimensional space (general surfaces).
Surface can be described using non-parametric or parametric
equations

Surfaces can be represented by equations to pass through all

the data points (fitting) or have patches of them connected at
the data points (approximations)

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Parametric Surfaces
Implicit Surfaces

2 + 2 + 2 2 = 0

Explicit

= + +

Parametric Surfaces
= cos(2)
= sin(2)
=
S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Parametric Surfaces
Quadric Surface
A x2 + B y2 + C z2 + D xy + E yz + F xz + G x + H y + I z + J = 0

Above equation can be used to represent: plane, two

parallel or intersecting planes, line, cylinder, cone,
point, ellipsoid, paraboloid, hyperboloid

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Surfaces of known form

Plane surface

Cylindrical surface
Conical surface
Spherical surface
Toroidal surface

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Swept Surfaces
A curve (generatrix curve) is swept along a path

defined by another curve (directrix curve). The area

swept is a surface.
Linearly swept surface
Circularly swept surface

Generic swept surface

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Swept Surfaces
Plane surface
- Line swept along another line
Cylindrical surface
- Line swept along circle
- Circle swept along line
Conical surface
- Line swept along circle

Spherical surface
- Circle swept along circle
Toroidal surface

- Circle swept along circle

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Parametric Surfaces
Extension of Free-form parametric curves to surfaces
Hermite Surface Patch
Algebraic form
Geometric form
n-point form
Bezier Surface Patch (m by n points)
B-spline Surface Patch (m by n points & degree)
NURBS Surface Patch (m by n points & degree & weights)

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Parametric Surfaces
Parametric Surfaces defined by boundary curves

Coons surface patch (four boundary curves)

Ferguson patch (four boundary curves)
Ruled surface (two boundary curves)
Bilinear surface (four corner curves)

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Linearly Swept Surface

Curve { x(u), y(u), z(u) } is swept along unit vector

{l,m,n} by distance d
x(u,w) = x(u) + l d w
y(u,w) = y(u) + m d w
z(u,w) = z(u) + n d w
0<u<1 0<w<1

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

10

Examples
Plane surface

By points
x(u) = x1 + (x2 x1)u + (x3 x1)w

Circularly Swept surface

Cylinder
Conical
Generic

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

11

Have a nice day!

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

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