Freeform Surfaces

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Parametric Surfaces
Extension of Free-form parametric curves to surfaces
Hermite Surface Patch
Algebraic form
Geometric form
n-point form
Bezier Surface Patch (m by n points)
B-spline Surface Patch (m by n points & degree)
NURBS Surface Patch (m by n points & degree & weights)

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Bicubic Hermite Patch

Algebraic form:

= 3 3 +2 2 +1 + 0
= 3 3 +2 2 +1 + 0
For u,v?
Total number of algebraic coefficients?
Matrix form

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Bicubic Hermite Patch

Geometric Form (Curve):
Two End points
Tangent at two ends

Geometric Form (Surface):

Four corner points

Eight tangent vectors (4 for u, 4 for v)

Four twist vectors

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Bicubic Hermite Patch

The twist vector at a point on a surface measures the twist in the surface at the point. It is the rate of change of
the tangent vector with respect to v or with respect to u or it is the cross (mixed) derivative vector at the point.
S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Bicubic Bezier Patch

Cubic Bezier Curve:
i 3

x(u ) 3Ci (1 u )3i u i xi

i 0

Bicubic Bezier Patch:

i 3

x(u , v)
i 0

j 3

j 0

Ci (1 u )3i u i

C j (1 v)3 j v j

xij

Matrix form?
S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Bicubic Bezier Patch

Sixteen Control Points:

p11
p
21
p31

p41

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

p12

p13

p22

p23

p32

p33

p42

p43

p14

p24
p34

p44

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Bicubic Bezier Patch

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Bicubic Bezier Patch

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

Bicubic Bezier Patch

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

10

Bicubic Bezier Patch

Demo Video
S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

11

Matrix Form

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

12

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

13

B-Spline Surface Patch

Curve:
=

= , ()
=0

Patch:
=

, =
=0

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

, () ,
=0

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

14

NURBS Patch
Curve:
=

= , ()
=0

, ()
=0

Surface??

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

15

Parametric Surfaces
Parametric Surfaces defined by boundary curves

Coons surface patch (four boundary curves)

Ferguson patch (four boundary curves)
Ruled surface (two boundary curves)
Bilinear surface (four corner curves)

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

16

Coons Patch

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

17

Coons Patch
Advantages:
Simple to implement.
Follows boundary curves.

Limitation:
not able to control internal shape.

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

18

Ferguson patch
Special case of Hermite patch
Four corner points
Eight tangent vectors (4 for u, 4 for v)
Four twist vectors = 0

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

19

Ruled Surface
Input: two curves p(u,0), p(u,1)

P(u,v) = (1-v) p(u,0) + v p(u,1)

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

20

Ruled Surface

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

21

Ruled Surface

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

22

Bilinear Surface (Hyperbolic Paraboloid)

Four Corner Points

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

23

Bilinear Surface (Hyperbolic Paraboloid)

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

24

Have a nice day!

S. Suryakumar, ME, IITH

ME3040/ME5090: Mathematical Elements for Geometrical Modelling

25