ElecSteels 110408 Final Brochure PDF

Guide to electrical steels and magnetic circuit cores
Guide to electrical steels and magnetic circuit cores

ArcelorMittals global offer
Product selection guide
About ArcelorMittal
ArcelorMittal: transforming tomorrow
Global presence
10
A dedicated commercial office close to your region
12
Service offered by our steel service centres
14
Technical support by R&D
16
Products
Non-oriented electrical steels (NO)
Grain-oriented electrical steels (GO)
Varnishes for electrical steels (VA)
Transformer cores (TC)
20
40
42
44

This selection guide will help you select
the best ArcelorMittal steel grade for your
particular application:
Having identified your particular market, you can
select your type of application in the table below.
Alongside each application you will find a reference
to the product data sheet we recommend.
Domestic appliances
Small domestic appliances
Reference
Microwave oven transformers
NO1 NO2
Motors
NO1 NO5 NO7
Transformers
NO1
Laundry & dishwashers
Motors
NO5
Refrigeration
Compressor motors
NO5
Traction motors
NO1 NO2
Mechanical engineering
Further in this guide, you will find the product data
sheets with a general description for each product:
Main properties
Advantages
Applications
Recommendations for use
Feasibility tables
Railways
Self-induction coils
NO1 GO1
Marine engineering
Propulsion engines
NO1 NO2
Heavy wheeled vehicles
Mining trucks wheel motors
NO1 NO2
Automotive
Alternators
NO6
Traction
Electrical and hybrid vehicle

traction motors and alternators
Wheel hub motors
NO1 NO2 NO3

NO1 NO2

Aeronautics & military
Reference
Industry
Reference
Lighting
Ballasts
NO1 NO2
Ventilation / airco
Motors for air fans
NO1 NO5
Cold storage
Compressor motors
NO1 NO5
Electrical equipment
Low-voltage transformers
NO1
Welding equipment
transformers
Contactor cores
NO1
NO1
Electricity meter cores
NO1
Building industry
Lighting
Ballasts
NO1 NO2
Cold storage
Compressor motors
NO1 NO5
Micro-motors
NO3
Shielding of power lines and

transformers for the distribution
of electrical power
Shielding of electrolysis cells
NO1 NO2
GO1
Electromagnets
NO1
Current and potential

transformers
Power transformers
NO1 NO2 GO1

GO1
Distribution transformers
GO1
Industrial motors
Medium-power motors
NO1 NO2 NO5 NO6
High-power motors
NO1 NO2
Generators
Medium-power generators
NO1 NO2
Wind power
Medium- and high-power

generators
Medium- and high-power
generators
NO1 NO2
Hydro or turbine
power stations
NO1 NO2 NO8 NO9

GO1
About ArcelorMittal
ArcelorMittal is the worlds largest and most
global integrated steel company. It has led the
consolidation of the world steel industry and
today ranks as the only truly global steelmaker.
ArcelorMittal is the number one supplier in all

major global markets, including automotive,
construction, domestic appliances and
packaging. Its industrial presence in Europe, Asia,
Africa and America gives the Group exposure
to all the key steel markets, from emerging to
mature an exposure it continues to enhance
through its three dimensional growth strategy
of product diversity, geographical reach and
vertical integration.
Innovation and cooperation

Innovation plays a key role at ArcelorMittal.
Not only is it the largest steelmaker by volume
but ArcelorMittal also offers the broadest range
of steel grades, advanced products,
steel solutions and cutting-edge technologies.
Close cooperation with customers involving
mutual trust, an open-minded approach and
permanent exchanges of personnel further
drives innovation and assists in the development
of products and solutions that sustain their
competitive edge.
ArcelorMittal: transforming tomorrow

We know that our position in the steel industry
brings unique responsibilities.
We are committed to setting globally
recognised standards with the needs of future
generations in mind.
Our goal is to provide the leadership that will

transform tomorrows steel industry. We have
a clear vision of the future, underpinned by a
consistent set of values:
Sustainability
We are guiding the evolution of steel to
secure the best future for the industry and for
generations to come.
Our commitment to the world around us
extends beyond the bottom line, to include the
people in whom we invest, the communities we
support and the world in which we operate. This
long-term approach is central to our business
philosophy.
Quality
We look beyond today to envision the steel of
tomorrow.
Because quality outcomes depend on quality
people, we seek to attract and nurture the
best people to deliver superior solutions to our
customers.
Leadership
We are visionary thinkers, creating opportunities
every day.
This entrepreneurial spirit brought us to the
forefront of the steel industry. Now, we are
moving beyond what the world expects of steel.
Electrical steels production plants
Products*
Online information on
ArcelorMittal Eisenhttenstadt
NO
Germany
www.arcelormittal.com/fce
ArcelorMittal Florange
NO
France
ArcelorMittal Fos-sur-Mer
NO
France
ArcelorMittal Frdek-Mstek
GO
Czech Republic
ArcelorMittal St Chly dApcher
NO
France
ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbour Works
CRML
USA
www.arcelormittal.com
Steel service centres
ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Italia, Monza
Italy
www.arcelormittal.com/dsitaly
ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Italia, Marcon
Italy
www.arcelormittal.com/dsitaly
ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions France, Reims
France
www.arcelormittal.com/dsfrance
ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Spain, Lesaka
Spain
www.arcelormittal.com/dsiberia
ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Germany,

Eisenhttenstadt
Germany
www.arcelormittal.com/dsgermany
ArcelorMittal Gonvarri SSC Slovakia, Senica
Slovakia
www.arcelormittalgonvarri.sk
Research centres
Products*
ArcelorMittal Global R&D Gent (OCAS)
NO/GO
Belgium
www.ocas.be
ArcelorMittal East Chicago
CRML
USA
*
Transformer cores production plant

ArcelorMittal Technotron s.r.o.
10
Czech Republic
www.technotron.cz
NO: Non-oriented electrical steels

CRML: Cold rolled motor laminations
GO: Grain-oriented electrical steels

Electrical steels production plant

Steel service centre

Research centre
Transformer cores production plant
.
.
Global presence
11
12
Electrical steels:
central commercial offices
Location
Address
E-mail
Europe
France (Paris)
5, rue Luigi Cherubini,

F-93212 La Plaine Saint-Denis (Paris) - France
benoit.genet@arcelormittal.com
North America
USA (Chicago)
patrick.faucard@arcelormittal.com
Other regions
Luxembourg
One South Dearborn Street

Chicago IL, 60603 USA
Toll free phone: 1-800-422-9422
19, avenue de la Libert,
LU-2930 Luxembourg
v.garg@arcelormittal.com
Electrical steels: central commercial office

Electrical steels: local commercial office
.
.
A dedicated commercial office

close to your region
13
Service offered by the ArcelorMittal steel service centres

The steel service centres within ArcelorMittal
Distribution Solutions offer a wide range of
activities and services for electrical steels:
Activities
Slitting coils in all possible widths
Cutting sheets to length
Punching laminations, either as such or
assembled into stacks, with or without
thermal post-treatment
Applying a cupper winding or injecting
aluminium into the rotor or stator slots
Fitting of axles into the machines
For the locations of the steel service centres,

see page 10.
For further information about the product range
and the service offered, please consult the
overview of the commercial contacts on
page 12.
Service
ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions can provide
customers with the magnetic, mechanical and
thermal properties of the magnetic materials
used.
Backed up by ArcelorMittal Group expertise in
electrical steels, the steel service centres are
able to provide a wide range of 'tailor-made'
solutions as well as 'just-in-time' deliveries.
In addition, the steel service centres also offer
customers assistance in selecting the best
material and process for their application.
15
ArcelorMittal R&D has proven experience in:

Modelling and design of electromagnetic
systems
Optimised electrical steel grade selection
Advanced material characterisation
techniques
Tailor-made magnetic measurement tools
for laboratory or production line
Improve your efficiency

ArcelorMittal R&D validates numerical simulations
by comparing these with the results of in-house
experiments. Our laboratories are fully equipped
to assess the electromagnetic properties of
your materials or magnetic cores. In addition
to standard measurements based on Epstein
frames and single sheet testers, we can perform
advanced characterisation using your specific
magnetic circuit or your excitation conditions
(PWM, harmonics etc).
Our engineers and researchers have experience in
modelling electromagnetic behaviour of electrical
machines, transformers or other systems.
ArcelorMittal R&D has many years of experience
in optimising designs, providing cost saving
solutions with enhanced efficiency.
ArcelorMittal R&D can deliver a detailed report
listing all simulations and experiments as well
Technical support & services offered by

ArcelorMittals network of Research & Development centres
as a clear interpretation of results obtained and
recommendations for further improvement.
We help you, for example, to identify the best
combination between the electrical steel grade
and your equipment design, resulting in lower
energy dissipation and enhanced permeability
at reduced cost.
Easy monitoring of your product performance

and rapid quality control
ArcelorMittal R&D can supply standard or tailormade advanced magnetic measuring systems
(AMMS) available in different configurations:
'AMMS Lab' for laboratory testing
'AMMS Online' for continuous
characterisation of electromagnetic
properties of steel strip
All devices ordered include on-site installation,
training and maintenance plan.
ArcelorMittal R&D offers a full package of R&D

services
In addition to our co-design and co-engineering
services in the field of electrical machinery,
ArcelorMittal R&D also offers:
R&D partnership
Rapid prototyping
Problem solving
Metallurgical processing
Material characterisation
Training
We offer advanced technology and innovative
research within a framework of confidentiality.
Your benefits:
Full range of services
Co-development of new products based on
combining optimised design and selection of
the most appropriate electrical steel grade
Advanced material characterisation methods
in our laboratory
Cost saving numerical finite element
modelling of electromagnetic behaviour of
your applications (large materials database
with for example magnetic properties)
Quality control by means of advanced
magnetic measurement systems
Proven materials expertise
Extensive knowledge of electrical steel
grades, grain-oriented and non-oriented
Expertise in various fields of application:
power generation, asynchronous machines,
permanent magnet applications, electromagnetic valves and actuators, automotive
applications, transformers
Skilled staff and top class equipment
In-house laboratory assessment tools
Associated technologies, including advanced
characterisation techniques in the field of
chemistry and physical testing
For an overview of the ArcelorMittal R&D centres in
this area, see the overview on page 10.
17
Products
NO1 Fully processed standard grades
NO2 Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades
NO3 Fully processed high frequency grade
NO4 Fully processed high strength grades
NO5 Semi-processed grades, including Cold Rolled Motor Laminations
NO6 Semi-processed high permeability grades
NO7 Easy Punch steels with guaranteed punchability
NO8 Cold rolled pole sheet grades
NO9 Hot rolled pole sheet grades
20
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38

GO1 Grain-oriented standard grades
40
Varnishes for electrical steels (VA) 42

Transformer cores (TC) 44
19
NO1
Fully processed standard grades
To supply the required level of traction for this huge

mining truck, four electrical motors are needed: one
for each wheel.
20
Non-oriented electrical steels
NO1
Fully processed standard grades

Fully processed electrical steels as delivered
have guaranteed magnetic properties. These
are obtained through careful selection of the
most appropriate alloying content in particular
silicon in combination with the most suitable
thermomechanical production processes.
ArcelorMittals state-of-the-art production
facilities are equipped with in-line magnetic
measurement systems, for optimal process
control.
As well as the maximum loss and minimum
polarisation data cited by the standards,
ArcelorMittal supplies full magnetic
characterisation curves regarding losses,
polarisation, permeability and apparent power
at different frequencies. Other machine design
parameters such as mechanical properties at
different temperatures and thermal behaviour
are also available on request.
Advantages
A full range of these standard grades is available,
so that a steel grade can be selected according
to the specific requirements of each application,
from low alloy grades offering the advantage
of excellent magnetic permeability, thermal
conductivity and punchability to alloyed grades
offering the advantage of very low losses,
even at higher frequencies.
A wide range of coatings is available, allowing
further enhancement of punchability, reduction
of interlaminar losses and improvement of
corrosion protection.
Applications
Fully processed steels are designed for the
manufacture of magnetic circuits for motors,
transformers and other electrical equipment.
The principal applications are in the electrical
engineering, domestic appliance, automotive
and building industries.
The thin lowest loss grades such as the

M23030A, M210-35A or the M23035A
are of particular interest for high-efficiency or
high-power density machines. For high-speed
machines in particular, optimal compromises
between mechanical strength and low eddy
current losses have been worked out.
Thicker low loss grades are the choice for large
power generators: their high utilisation rate
demands the highest possible machine efficiency
(hence low losses), with reasonable punching
and assembly costs (hence 0.65 mm or
0.50 mm thickness).
Thanks to the low coercive field and remanence
level of low loss fully processed grades, these
steels also are preferred for the production of
contactors.
Low loss fully processed steels are also beneficial
for shielding applications at low frequencies.


The properties mentioned above are obtained
without heat treatment after stamping. The
material as supplied possesses all the required
magnetic properties.
>> See next page for the feasibility tables.
21
NO1
Fully processed standard grades feasibilities
EN 10106:2007
JIS C2552:2000
Thickness
0.30 mm
0.35 mm
0.50 mm
0.65 mm
1.00 mm
0.35 mm
0.50 mm
0.65 mm
Grades
M230-30A
M210-35A*
M230-50A*
M310-65A
M600-100A
35A230
50A250
65A800
M230-35A
M250-50A
M330-65A
M700-100A
35A250
50A270
65A1000
M235-35A
M270-50A
M350-65A
M800-100A
35A270
50A290
35A300
50A310
M250-35A
M290-50A
M400-65A
M900-100A
M270-35A
M310-50A
M470-65A
M1000-100A
50A350
M300-35A
M330-50A
M530-65A
M1300-100A
50A400
M330-35A
M350-50A
M600-65A
50A470
M400-50A
M700-65A
50A600
M470-50A
M800-65A
50A700
M530-50A
M1000-65A
50A800
M600-50A
M700-50A
M800-50A
M940-50A
Grades in italic: not included in the standard (yet)
* Available on request
22
ASTM A 677/A677M:1999 (former AISI)
IEC/CEI 60404-8-4:1998
0.35/0.36 mm
0.64/0.65 mm
0.35 mm
0.50 mm
0.65 mm
1.00 mm
M250-50A 5
M310-65A 5
M600-100A 5
0.47/0.50 mm
36F145 (M15)
47F165 (M19)
64F200 (M19)
M235-35A 5
36F155 (M19)
47F180 (M22)
64F210 (M22)
M250-35A 5
M270-50A 5
M330-65A 5
M700-100A 5
M290-50A 5
M350-65A 5
M800-100A 5
36F165 (M22)
47F190 (M27)
64F235 (M36)
M270-35A 5
36F185 (M36)
47F200 (M36)
64F250 (M43)
M300-35A 5
M310-50A 5
M400-65A 5
M1000-100A 5
47F210 (M43)
64F275 (M45)
M330-35A 5
M330-50A 5
M470-65A 5
M1300-100A 5
47F240 (M45)
64F320 (M47)
M350-50A 5
M530-65A 5
M400-50A 5
M600-65A 5
M470-50A 5
M700-65A 5
M530-50A 5
M800-65A 5
M600-50A 5
M1000-65A 5
47F280 (M47)
47F400
47F450
Not exact equivalences
M700-50A 5
M800-50A 5
M940-50A 5
23
NO2
Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades feasibilities
No standards available
Thickness
0.35 mm
0.50 mm
0.65 mm
Grades
M330P-35A
M330P-50A
M470P-65A
M350P-50A
M400P-50A
M400XP-50A
M470P-50A
24
NO2
Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades

The fully processed high permeability electrical
steels have guaranteed magnetic properties
significantly superior to the requirements of
the standards, particularly regarding their
polarisation and permeability levels.
The specific chemical composition
of ArcelorMittals products and our
thermomechanical processes result in
enhanced structures and textures, which are
the key to obtaining steep magnetisation curves
with high saturation levels.
Full magnetic characterisation curves are
available on request, as well as mechanical
and thermal data. The thermal conductivity of
these steels is higher than the conductivity of
the fully processed standard grades, so the heat
generated in the machine due to the losses can
be more easily evacuated.
Advantages
Applications
The high permeability levels of these grades

allow a reduction of the magnetising current
required for a given air gap flux. This increases
the efficiency of the machine and also makes
it possible to increase its specific power rating,
thereby reducing the machine's dimensions.
High thermal conductivity levels are important,
since they facilitate heat evacuation from the
machine.
High permeability is particularly useful for

applications such as ballasts and motors,
because it makes it possible to build machines
that meet the most stringent environmental
regulations. High efficiency induction motors
(e.g. IE3 efficiency = NEMA premium or even
the top level IE4 super premium machines) can
be achieved by increasing the amount of copper
used, which generally leads to a larger machine,
but the use of higher permeability grades can
help to avoid this volume expansion.
High thermal conductivity is a significant
advantage for large machines, where the heat
balance can be a significant power limiting factor.
High thermal conductivity is a significant
advantage for machines working at high
frequencies, both for large industry motors as
for automotive machines.


These grades generate not only increased efficiency, but also a
higher specific power rating, which is an important aspect for
traction motors for locomotives, like this ICE-3 high-speed train.
25
NO3
Fully processed high frequency grade feasibilities
EN 10303:2001
IEC/CEI 404-8-8:1991
Thickness
0.20 mm
0.20 mm
Grades
NO 20
NO 20
This type of electrical steel is mainly used when weight and

volume reduction is essential, for instance in aeronautic or medical
applications. The part shown here is used for a breathing aid.
26
NO3
Fully processed high frequency grade

This fully processed high frequency grade has
guaranteed magnetic properties in accordance
with the standards for medium frequency
applications, which specifically concerns thin
electrical steels for use at frequencies above
100Hz. The manufacture of such thin steels
down to 0.20 mm is particularly demanding
for the cold rolling process, especially because
the magnetic performance requires a high
silicon content, which render the material
more brittle. ArcelorMittals production facilities
are equipped with high performance gauge,
tension and flatness control systems to meet
this challenge.
The standards require guaranteed loss levels
at 400 Hz, but ArcelorMittal can supply full
magnetic characterisation curves at various
frequencies. Furthermore, mechanical
properties at different temperatures and
thermal behaviour are available on request.
Advantages
Applications
High frequency electrical steels have very low

loss levels, especially at high frequencies. These
properties are a result of the thin gauge of this
material (0.20 mm), its particular chemical
composition and its specific thermomechanical
processing.
This grade is designed for high-speed rotating

machines (100 to 5000 Hz). It allows
minimisation of losses due to higher harmonics
and clearly increases machine efficiency in the
case of non-sinusoidal power supply.
This thin, fully processed grade is also used
when weight and volume reduction are of
major importance, such as in medical or aviation
applications.
The higher speed applications are also more
demanding in terms of mechanical behaviour,
which is why our NO20 grade has been
optimised both for yield strength and for eddy
current behaviour.

We offer this grade with a C5 coating, for

its excellent behaviour at high temperatures,
which will also allow machine repairs, and for its
insulating properties.

27
NO4
Fully processed high strength grades feasibilities
Thickness
0.50 mm
0.65 mm
Grades
M470YS-50A
M530YS-65A
High strength values, combined with good magnetic properties,

make these grades particularly suitable for high-speed rotating
machines.
28
NO4
Fully processed high strength grades

Fully processed high strength grades have not
only guaranteed magnetic properties but also
guaranteed mechanical properties. A typical
characteristic of these grades is the higher
strength values compared to the standard
grades, both at room temperature and at higher
temperature operating conditions. These are
obtained through adequate modifications in
ArcelorMittals fully processed electrical steel
production process, resulting in an optimal
combination of magnetic and mechanical
performance.
Full magnetic characterisation curves at different
frequencies as well as thermal behaviour data
are available on request.
Advantages
Applications
These high strength grades withstand stronger

mechanical forces than the standard grades.
They are therefore an excellent compromise
when a combination of high mechanical strength
and low magnetic losses is required.
The high strength values, combined with low

losses and good permeability, make these grades
particularly suitable for high-speed rotating
machines. The yield strength is a particularly
important property when the teeth have to
withstand both strong electromagnetic forces
and the mechanical forces resulting from
high-speed operation. Rotors with imbedded
permanent magnets in synchronous machines
and the teeth of machines with concentrated
windings will also benefit from higher mechanical
strength.


29
NO5
Semi-processed grades, including Cold Rolled Motor Laminations feasibilities
EN 10341:2006
ASTM A683/A726:2005
Thickness
0.50 mm
0.65 mm
0.70 mm
0.80 mm
Grades
M340-50K
M390-65K
M1000-70K
M1200-80K M1300-100K
1.00 mm
M390-50K
M450-65K
M450-50K
M520-65K
47D270 56D380
64D260
M560-50K
M630-65K
47D330
64D290
M660-50K
M800-65K
47D380
64D360
M890-50K
M1000-65K
M1050-50K
M1200-65K
M1800-100K
0.56 mm 0.64/0.65 mm
47S190/47D190
56D260
64S220
47D215 56D310
64S230
0.71/0.70 mm 0.79/0.80 mm
71D410
79D450
71D480
79D540
71D550
79D610
64D430
64D490
Not exact equivalences; other CRML gauges and loss/perm levels available
IEC/CEI 60404-8-3:2005
Thickness
0.50 mm
0.65 mm
0.70 mm
0.80 mm
1.00 mm
Grades
M340-50K5
M390-65K5
M1000-70K5
M1200-80K5
M1300-100K5
M390-50K5
M450-65K5
M450-50K5
M520-65K5
M560-50K5
M630-65K5
M660-50K5
M800-65K5
M890-50K5
M1000-65K5
M1050-50K5
M1200-65K5
30
0.47/0.50 mm
M1800-100K5
NO5
Semi-processed grades, including Cold Rolled Motor Laminations

As delivered, semi-processed electrical steel
grades do not have guaranteed magnetic
properties. After the laminations are punched,
they need to be heat-treated by the customer
to develop their magnetic properties.
This final annealing treatment reduces losses
and improves permeability and polarisation,
as a result of recrystallisation, grain growth
and for certain grades also decarburisation.
The semi-processed standards describe
reference annealing cycles which allow the
development of these properties. These
reference cycles are applied in ArcelorMittals
labs to validate the ability of our materials to
achieve the required magnetic performance.
Advantages
Applications
The punchability of the semi-processed

grades has been optimised by the application
of an optimised final skin-pass reduction,
after the cold rolling and annealing process.
Skin-passing produces a controlled surface
roughness, ensuring good material behaviour
in the punching presses. This roughness also
prevents the strips from sticking during the
client's final annealing treatment. Regarding
magnetic performance, skin-passing also plays
an important role by stimulating grain growth
during the annealing process.
These semi-processed grades are available
non-insulated. The final process step of the
(decarburising) annealing treatment carried out
by the client provides a suitable atmosphere
and the right thermal conditions for blueing: the
formation of an oxide film, which creates the
required surface insulation layer.
Non-alloyed semi-processed electrical steels are

designed for small industrial motors, fans and
domestic appliances such as washing machine
motors, microwave oven transformers and
refrigerator compressors.
Alloyed semi-processed electrical steels are
designed for similar higher efficiency versions
of these applications, as they have lower losses
while the permeability remains at a good level.


The punching process needs to be carried out
with an appropriate lubricant, which must be
selected carefully, especially in the case of the
alloyed semi-processed grades.
These steels are designed for domestic appliances (e.g. washing

machine motors), small industrial motors, fans and this electric drill.
31
NO6
Semi-processed high permeability grades feasibilities
Thickness
0.50 mm
0.65 mm
Grades
M450P-50K
M600P-65K
M560XP-50K
M700XP-65K
These high permeability grades have been proven to enhance the efficiency of industrial motors.
32
NO6
Semi-processed high permeability grades

Semi-processed high permeability grades
have guaranteed superior magnetic properties
compared to the standard semi-processed
grades, especially at 45 to the rolling direction.
As for the standard semi-processed grades,
the high permeability grades need a final
annealing treatment, carried out by the client
after punching the laminations.
Advantages
Applications
The semi-processed high permeability grades

allow core weight reduction and increased
efficiency of motors and transformers.
The improved efficiency achieved reduces
machine operating costs and at the same time
makes them more environmentally friendly.
These grades are designed for motors,

generators, transformers, converters and
ballasts where higher efficiency is required.
These are available in four grades: the 0.50 mm
types are called M450P-50K and M560XP50K and the 0.65mm types M600P-65K and
M700XP-65K.

(only valid for XP grades)
Considering the very high polarisation level of
these semi-processed high permeability grades
at an angle of 45 to the rolling direction, it is
preferable to design the punching process in
such a way that the direction of magnetisation
of the part is as nearly parallel as possible with
this 45 direction.
33
NO7
Easy Punch steels with guaranteed punchability feasibilities
34
Thickness
0.5-1.2 mm
Grades
Easy Punch
NO7
Easy Punch steels with guaranteed punchability

The Easy Punch grade has guaranteed
mechanical properties and roughness.
Magnetic properties are not guaranteed,
as they are not optimised in this product.
Should the application require enhanced
magnetic performance, other electrical steel
grades in ArcelorMittals product range are
recommended.
Advantages
Applications
This Easy Punch grade has excellent punchability

and stackability, thanks to appropriate
mechanical properties and roughness. It is
therefore eminently suitable for automatic
stacking and assembling techniques. The
excellent punchability is achieved by means of a
final skin-pass treatment, which produces high
Re/Rm values (typically over 0.9). Easy Punch
also has excellent weldability.
The Easy Punch grade is designed for small

machines for intermittent use:
Automotive equipment such as alternators,
windscreen wipers, window-opening motors
Small domestic appliances such as coffee
grinders, mixers
Small hand tools such as drills

The punching process needs to be carried out
with an appropriate lubricant.
Usually, the client does not perform heat
treatment after punching. Heat treatment is an
option to increase the magnetic performance of
Easy Punch.
The Easy Punch grade is designed for excellent punchability and

stackability, ideal for this alternator.
35
NO8
Cold rolled pole sheet grades feasibilities
EN 10265:1995
JIS C2555:2000
IEC/CEI 60404-8-5:1989
Thickness
0.65 mm
1.00 mm
0.65 mm
1.00 mm
0.65 mm
1.00 mm
Grades
250-65-TF 183
250-100-TF 183
PCYC 250
PCYC 250
250-65-TF 183
250-100-TF 183
300-65-TF 182
300-100-TF 182
PCYC 300
PCYC 300
300-65-TF 182
300-100-TF 182
350-65-TF 181
350-100-TF 181
PCYC 350
PCYC 350
350-65-TF 181
350-100-TF 181
400-65-TF 180
400-100-TF 180
PCYC 400
PCYC 400
400-65-TF 180
400-100-TF 180
The cold rolled pole sheet grades are designed for large high-speed
machines because of their excellent combination of mechanical
strength and magnetic performance, which makes them ideal for
industrial applications.
36
NO8
Cold rolled pole sheet grades

Cold rolled pole sheet grades are classified
according to their yield strength as described
by the standards. As well as guaranteed
mechanical properties, they have guaranteed
magnetic properties, but unlike other electrical
steel grades, their magnetic properties are
determined under direct current (DC) conditions.
Full magnetic characterisation curves in DC and
also at various frequencies are available on
request, as well as thermal data.
Advantages
Applications
High yield strength values allow these grades

to withstand strong electro-mechanical forces.
As well as excellent DC magnetic properties
significantly superior to the requirements of the
standard, these grades perform well on loss and
induction levels at 50 Hz AC conditions, thanks
to a special chemical composition.
Cold rolled pole sheet grades are designed for

large high-speed machines because of their
excellent combination of mechanical strength
and magnetic performance.

37
NO9
Hot rolled pole sheet grades feasibilities
EN 10265:1995
Thickness
1.5-5.0 mm
2.0-5.0 mm
2.5-5.0 mm
Grades
250-...-TG 180
400-...-TG 179
600--TG 178
300-...-TG 180
450--TG 179
650--TG 178
350-...-TG 179
500--TG 179
700--TG 178
550--TG 178
JIS C2555:2000
1.5-5.0 mm
2.0-5.0 mm
2.5-5.0 mm
PCYH 250
PCYH 400
PCYH 600
PCYH 300
PCYH 450
PCYH 650
PCYH 350
PCYH 500
PCYH 650
PCYH 550
IEC/CEI 60404-8-5:1989
1.5-5.0 mm
2.0-5.0 mm
2.5-5.0 mm
250-...-TG 180
400-...-TG 179
600--TG 178
300-...-TG 180
450--TG 179
650--TG 178
350-...-TG 179
500--TG 179
700--TG 178
550--TG 178
NO9
Hot rolled pole sheet grades

Hot rolled pole sheet grades are classified
according to their yield strength as described
by the standards. As well as guaranteed
mechanical properties, they have guaranteed
magnetic properties, but unlike other electrical
steel grades, their magnetic characterisation is
determined under direct current (DC) conditions.
Advantages
Applications
High yield strength values allow these grades

to withstand strong electro-mechanical forces.
The DC magnetic properties are excellent and
significantly superior to the requirements of the
standard.
Hot rolled pole sheet grades are available noninsulated. They can be supplied in a hot rolled or
pickled version.
Hot rolled pole sheet grades are designed for

large high-speed machines because of their
excellent combination of mechanical strength
and good magnetic performance. Good
magnetic properties are of major importance for
the performance of the poles, whereas excellent
mechanical properties are needed for the rims.


Transformers benefit optimally from the excellent longitudinal

magnetic properties of grain-oriented electrical steels.
39
GO1
Grain-oriented standard grades feasibilities
EN 10107:2005
JIS C2553:2000
Thickness
0.23 mm
0.27 mm
0.30 mm
0.35 mm
0.23 mm
0.27 mm
0.30 mm
0.35 mm
Grades
M110-23S
M114-27S
M120-30S
M130-35S
23G110
27G120
30G130
35G145
M120-23S
M120-27S
M130-30S
M140-35S
27G130
30G140
35G155
M127-23S
M130-27S
M140-30S
M150-35S
M140-27S
M150-30S
M165-35S
0.35 mm
IEC/CEI 60404-8-7:2008
ASTM A876:2003 (former AISI)

Thickness
Grades
0.23 mm
0.27 mm
0.30 mm
Not exact equivalences in 0.35 mm
0.35 mm
23H070 (M3)
27H074 (M4)
30H083 (M5)
35H094 (M6)
23G045 (M3)
27G051 (M4)
30G058 (M5)
35G066 (M6)
0.23 mm
0.27 mm
0.30 mm
M110-23S5
M114-27S5
M120-30S5
M130-35S5
M120-23S5
M120-27S5
M130-30S5
M140-35S5
M127-23S5
M130-27S5
M140-30S5
M145-35S5
M140-27S5
M150-30S5
M150-35S5
M155-35S5
M165-35S5
Not exact equivalences

Not exact equivalences in 0.35 mm
Grades in italic: not included in standard (yet)
Transformers benefit optimally from the

excellent longitudinal magnetic properties
of grain-oriented electrical steels.
40
Grain-oriented electrical steels
GO1
Grain-oriented standard grades

ArcelorMittal grain-oriented electrical steels are
produced to achieve low core losses and high
magnetic permeability.
These are obtained through a tight control of the
ArcelorMittal production process, designed to
streamline the strength of the Goss texture.
The combination of an optimal texture and
structure allows obtaining excellent typical
Grain-oriented electrical steels are mainly used
in highly efficient transformers and generators
due to its excellent magnetic properties in the
rolling direction.
Advantages
Applications
The use of grain-oriented steel in transformers

is advantageous thanks to the very low core loss
in the rolling direction. This means more efficient
transport of energy from the production site to
the consumption site.
These standard grades are available in a range of
thicknesses and loss levels, enabling customers
to select the most appropriate grade to meet
the specific requirements of each application.
ArcelorMittals high quality products range from
0.35 mm thickness up to 0.23 mm and are
supplied with coating ASTM C5 over ASTM C2
to ensure high electrical resistance.
The main application of grain-oriented steel is

in the core of transformers (power, distribution,
current etc), used for transmission and
distribution of electrical energy. These steels are
also used for hydro- and turbogenerators for the
generation of electrical energy.
The use of grain-oriented steels in this type
of equipment improves their efficiency,
contributing to the reduction of energy losses
in the electrical system.

For wound cores, ArcelorMittal recommends
applying a stress relief annealing treatment.
It is important to remove oil, grease or any
organic compound to prevent carbonisation
of the electrical steel. Maximum care during
handling is desirable to avoid re-introduction
of stresses.
The properties mentioned above are measured
either by Epstein or SST measurement
equipment. The standards specify that stress
relief annealing should be applied after the
samples have been cut, depending on the
measuring device.
41
VA
Varnish for non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels feasibilities
Coating type
Typical gauges
IEC/CEI 60404-1-1:2004
EN 10342:2005
Functionality
ASTM
(per side)
EC-3
C-3
1 - 4 m
The resins' chemical composition yields special advantages such as a high elasticity
and a very strong adhesion. A coating thickness of less than 1 m generates the
additional advantage of excellent weldability, whereas a varnish of 4 m and above
assures good interlaminar insulation.
EC-5-N
C-5
1 - 4 m
This varnish was designed to maintain its dielectrical properties during the repair of
damaged copper windings. Additionally, the mineral part of the coating provides high
thermal conductivity. The combination of resins and mineral products achieves a good
compromise between punchability and weldability.
EC-5-G
C-5
2 - 4 m
This varnish is selected to have good adherence and to withstand normal punching
and cutting operations. It does not affect and is unaffected by transformer oil.
EC-6
C-6
2 - 10 m
The mineral elements have been selected to reduce punching tool wear and favour
punching oil retention. They also enhance the rigidity of the varnish, which minimises
dimensional changes under high pressure/temperature. This varnish is particularly
recommended for use with contactors, to permit a higher flutter frequency whilst
reducing noise.
The main purpose of varnish is to provide interlaminar insulation and to improve punchability of the steels.
Non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels
VA
Varnish for non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels

Electrical steel varnishes for non-oriented are
designed to enhance the behaviour of fully
processed electrical steels. Their major impact
is to provide interlaminar insulation and to
improve the punchability of the steels. Each type
of varnish has its specific properties: insulation
level, punchability effect, corrosion protection,
temperature resistance and weldability, hence it
is the material used that determines the optimal
varnish selection.
For grain-oriented grades, the main purpose
is to provide increased surface insulation
resistance, by means of a thin inorganic coating.
This type 5 coating (EC-5-G) is applied on top of
the glass film (type 2), which is obtained in the
high temperature annealing process step as a
result of the reaction of the steel surface with
the annealing separator.
Advantages
The EC-3 type varnish is based on synthetic
resins, resulting in a varnish with excellent
lubricating properties for the punching process:
the coated sheet can be punched without the
need of an additional lubricant. It is particularly
recommended with automatic stacking
processes.
The EC-5-N type varnish (for non-oriented) is
a pigmented varnish, made with thermostable
resins, mineral products and pigments. The type
of mineral products and the amount used have
been selected to obtain a coating with excellent
temperature resistance during lengthy thermal
treatments, which is of particular interest
where stress relieving annealing is required after
punching.
The EC-5-G type varnish (for grain-oriented) is
a pigmented varnish, predominantly composed
of phosphates. As well as its electrical insulation
properties, this coating has the advantage of
withstanding stress-relief annealing, which
restores the magnetic properties of grainoriented steels at the cut edges, for optimum
steel performance.
The EC-6 type varnish is also a pigmented

varnish, but especially suitable for high power
rotating machines, thanks to its high electrical
insulation level. This varnish is particularly
recommended for use with contactors, to permit
a higher flutter frequency whilst reducing noise.
Applications
These coatings are used for fully processed
grades, as well as for pole sheets in the cold
rolled version, in a wide range of electrical
applications such as rotating machines,
transformers and contactors.
The coatings used for grain-oriented fully
processed grades are particularly used for power
transformers, which require high efficiency and
operate continuously. For these applications it is
important to have a double coating system, with
the phosphate layer on top of the glass film.

The raw materials used have a chemical
composition both in liquid and cured varnish
state which does not require specific
protective measures during the processing
of the coated steels or during use in a given
application.
43
TC01
Cores of magnetic circuits

Cores of magnetic circuits constitute a very
important part for transformers production and
their quality is crucial for the final parameters of
a magnetic circuit.
A transformer core consists of a magnetic circuit
where its induction flux, caused by the current
passage flowing through the primary coiling,
induces electric voltage in the secondary coiling.
Wound transformer cores are used as compact
cores (toroids) or as cores with air gaps.
ArcelorMittal Technotron s.r.o. produces cores
from grain-oriented transformer metal band
with silicium-alloyed Goss texture of about 3%
and a thickness range from 0.15 to 0.35 mm.
General specification used material for
processing according to IEC 60404-1:2000.
Transformer cores
Toroidal cores
feasibilities
5h
Application possibilities of toroidal cores

Measurement transformers
Power and regulating transformers
Inductors
Transducers
Dimension
Min. (mm)
27
800
D-inner diameter
17
500
H-core height
Advantages of toroidal cores

Close flux path
Low magnetic leakage
Low humming
Compact dimensions
Light weight
Max. (mm)
D-outer diameter
Sh-chamfered edge*
TC01
10
180
2x45
5x45
* at customer request
d
D
Typoval values Max

(T)* Heff=3 A/m
Guaranteed values
max (T) Heff=30 A/m
Colour marking**
N-normal
0.050
min 1.3
black
S-standart
0.075
min 1.4
red
SU-super
0.110
min 1.6
green
0.130
min 1.7
white
Quality
SU-EX-extra
* typical values at customer request

** colour marking at customer request
45
TC01
Cut C cores
Wound transformer cores are manufactured
in the process of winding up the transformer
strip on a mandrel followed by the processes
of cutting the hot-manufactured and synthetic
resin-bond core. A wound cores shape is better
adapted for cores of the magnetic induction
current and the structure of material grain is
used more effectively when compared with
cores composed of sheet stampings of various
shapes.
Cut cores are assembled with a certain air gap
between the pieces, insulation pieces are placed
in these gaps during the assembly of the cores.
Cut surfaces of these cores can be round, oval
and rectangular.
feasibilities
Max. specific losses p1,5/50

[W/kg]
Max. magnetic field density Heff

at B 1,5 T [A/m]
C 8001-10000
2.5
400
C 10001-26003
2.2
350
2.2
300
Core type*
C 26004-90005
* manufactured from M165-35S
Core type*

[W/kg]

at B 1,7 T [A/m]
SG=Q
2.2
265
SU=U
2.2
265
SE=R
2.2
265
2.2
265
SM=M
* manufactured from M150-30S/M140-27S
Advantages of Cut C cores

Electrical energy saving thanks to low specific
iron Watt losses
Saving in quantity of used copper for winding
thanks to smaller dimensions and weight of
cut cores
Saving in work costs exert for transformers
assembly thanks to easy assembly
Low humming

[W/kg]

at B 1,7 T [A/m]
SG=Q
1.9
125
SU=U
1.9
125
SE=R
1.9
125
1.9
125
Core type*
SM=M
* manufactured from M150-30S/M140-27S
Unicore cores
Unicore cores constitute a new line of cores
for magnetic circuits. This manufacturing
technology was developed in 1997 and its
aim was to simplify the existing technology
and improvement of parameters of electrical
machines. Due to advantages of their
construction, unicore cores can replace almost
all conventional C cores.
Unicore advanced technology leads to low
specific losses. Their construction is simplified
they dont have to pass through the timeand cost-consuming production process which
contributes to very favourable price and short
delivery time. At assembly the existing types of
coil forms can be kept as a result. No changes in
the transformer construction are required.
Transformer cores
TC01
feasibilities
Core type
Finish
C 31002 (3.10 kg)
annealed
C 31002 DUO 02 UNICORE
unannealed
C 31002 DUO 03 UNICORE
Heff
A/m
Bmax.
T
Specific losses
W/kg
Input
VA/kg
110
1.50
1.20
5.10
260
1.70
1.85
13.90
140
1.50
1.30
6.50
370
1.70
1.80
19.50
annealed
45
1.50
0.95
1.90
150
1.70
1.45
7.30
unannealed
150
1.50
1.40
7.50
annealed
450
1.70
1.95
24.00
60
1.50
1.00
2.10
240
1.70
1.55
12.00
Advantages of Unicore cores

Low specific losses

Easy assembly
Favourable price
Saving in quantity of used copper
The banding of cores is not necessary
Short delivery time
47
TC01
Stacked cores
Stacked cores are the most important part of
distribution transformers. We produce these
cores on modern production equipment and
our cores have very low losses and noise level.
We are able to offer you a very wide range of
lamination shapes.
We can offer you our cores assembled or not
assembled with or without steel construction.
We have started production of these cores in
January 2011 and are able to offer you all types
of transformer cores of grainoriented material.
Delivery options:
- assembled
- non assembled
Transformer cores
TC01
Material used: all type of SI steel
feasibilities
Our production range:
Advantages of stacked cores

Reduction in core losses
Easy assembly
Thickness:
Width:
Our production range
Sheets centre-line length*
Assembled
Non-assembled
Material used
all type of SI steel
max.
0,35 mm
max.400 mm
2000 mm
Tolerances
Thickness
mm
0.35
mm
*Minimum
length 250 to 500 mm can be 0.23
obtained
up to max.
width
of 160 mm moving the 45`shears
Differences on strip width
Tolerances
Sheets centre-line length*
Width
Delivery options
min.
0,23 mm
min.40 mm
250 mm
+/-0.2 mm
40 mm
400 mm
Linearity on length = 1500 mm
0.8 mm
250 mm
2000 mm
Edge burr
0.02 mm
Differences on strip width

+/-0.2 mm
*Minimum
length=250
500 mm can be obtained up to
Linearity
on length
1500tomm
0.8 mm
max.
width of 160 mm moving the 45`shears
Edge
burr
0.02 mm
Length accurancy
+/-0.1 mm
Angle accuracy
+/-0.01
Punching diameter
10.5 mm
Length accurancy
+/-0.1 mm
Angle accuracy
+/-0.01
Punching diameter
10.5 mm
Possible shape combination
Possible Cross and Longitudinal Step Lap
Possible Cross and Longitudinal Step Lap
49
Credits for pictures

ArcelorMittal and:
Cover: Tom D'Haenens
p. 2-38: Aperam South America
p. 8: Philippe Vandenameele
p. 14: Pauwels N.V. - Tom D'Haenens
p. 16: ArcelorMittal Global R&D Gent
p. 18: Eozen
p. 20-24-28-36: Siemens
p. 39: Voith
p. 41: Pauwels N.V. - Tom D'Haenens
p. 42: Philippe Vandenameele
p. 44-49: ArcelorMittal Technotron s.r.o.
p. 51: Aperam South America
Copyright
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in
any form or by any means without prior permission in writing.
Fully processed electrical steel was used to manufacture the hydro generator
for the hydroelectric Tucuru Dam in Brazil.
ArcelorMittal
19, avenue de la Libert
L-2930 Luxembourg
ELSMACWI 05/2011

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Guide to electrical steels and magnetic circuit cores

Guide to electrical steels and magnetic circuit cores

Product selection guide

ArcelorMittal: transforming tomorrow

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Product selection guide

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Grain-oriented electrical steels (GO)

Varnishes for electrical steels (VA) 42

To supply the required level of traction for this huge

Non-oriented electrical steels

Fully processed standard grades

The thin lowest loss grades such as the

Recommendations for use

ASTM A 677/A677M:1999 (former AISI)

Non-oriented electrical steels

Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades