Solved Assignment July Dec 2016

MS-58 (Sample Copy)

Course Code

MS-58

Course Title
Assignment Code
Assignment Coverage

Management of R&D and Innovation

MS-58/TMA/SEM - II/2016
All Blocks

To buy MBA assignments please use below link

https://www.payumoney.com/store/#/buy/kian-publication
For other Information please click on below link
http://ignousolvedassignmentsmba.blogspot.in/

KIAN PUBLICATION
Whatsapp- 9580039150
ignousolvedassignmentsmba@gmail.com
kianpublication1@gmail.com
ignou4you@gmail.com

1. What does the creative process mean? Describe and comment upon the elements of the creative process. It
is necessary that the stages in the creative process should occur in a certain order?

Creative processThe creative process consists of six working phases, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------be experienced many times, in no definite order, sometimes for a very short time.

Lets take a quick introductory look at the six working phases. The order of the phases is not significant.

I use the term "creative" in the widest possible --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, problem solving, writing, entrepreneurial initiatives and so on.

The creative process consists of six working phases, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------arts but also invention, design, problem solving, writing, entrepreneurial initiatives
and so on.

Many people wonder where creative people find their good ideas. The answer is, in amongst a huge pile of bad ones. Creativity is
like mining for diamonds, most of what you dig is thrown away, but that doesnt make the digging a waste of time. If you cant
think of anything you are having difficulty with this inspiration phase, perhaps because you are too self-critical, or expect good
ideas to come too quickly.

In the field of the creative arts the inspiration phase is often associated with a search for an individual voice, and with an attempt
to conjure up deep feelings of (for example) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- subject matter.

Every creative process goes through four stages: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.
1. Preparation:
This first stage may vary slightly --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to the main topic, watch films and documentaries, go to exhibitions,

and interview people. Theres no better starting point.
Now, assuming you dont know what you want to write -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------can fill with many different ingredients.
2. Incubation:
The second stage is like being on -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, I feel like a pot about to boil over. I have many things running
through my head, but they are unfinished and disjointed.
The solution to this problem is do something like -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------your story can take, but dont get obsessed with
finding it at all costs.
3. Illumination:
The illumination comes when all the pieces -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------more reliable than logic! Needless to say, when the eureka
moment arrives, make sure you have a pen and paper handy!
4. Verification:
In the final stage, you must put your --------------------------------------------------------------------------- and the setting, outline the
plot, develop your research, etc.). Dont worry if you dont know how to do it because I shall return to this topic later.
For the moment, remember to treat your ideas with respect. Theyll come to you all throughout the creative process, and the worst
thing you can do is censor them outright. Creativity is about being able to dream, imagine, and let yourself go just like a child.
Some writers on creativity, as said earlier, have emphasized the importance of chance in creative thought. There are many
examples, e.g. Pearson's discovery of the --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and commit himself or herself to solving a problem. Then he or she
has to 'saturate the mind' with the problem and with thinking about (and sketching) possible solutions. With luck the 'creative leap'
will occur after the subconscious mind has had time to work on the problem.

Often having creative ideas is only the first step in -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the product reaches its final form.

It is necessary that the stages in the creative --------------------------------------------- each stage is related to its --------------------------------------------------------------- one can enter into next stage.
In this context, however, there are some ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------set of characteristics of the 'creative personality' has yet been isolated, but according to Garrett
and Lawson creative individuals tend to share a certain mix of traits. For example, such individuals tend to be problem-oriented,
self-centered, unorthodox, intelligent and mentally restless, and have the ability to concentrate on a task, but to shift their attention
when necessary.

Although the independent 'backyard' inventor/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------design consultancy firms and the small technology-based firms founded by
entrepreneurial scientists, inventors and engineers.

How much prior knowledge and experience is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------traveler. However, in more highly specialized and technical fields, one could cite many
more counter-examples, such as the transistor, in which possession of the necessary theoretical and scientific knowledge was
essential to the invention.

Lawson notes that in many fields the creative ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------what is vital to creative thinking is the ability to synthesize ideas and skills from normally
unassociated areas of knowledge.

A more modern example is the invention and ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------research, chance and synthesis of ideas from different fields.

It may be helpful to think of the innovation process as one that involves several different kinds of people. Sometimes, several
kinds may reside in one or the same individual. Which is more common in small businesses, the roles of the champion, and the
'sponsor' are crucial in the organizational innovation process.

2. Discuss the rationale of partnership in innovation and R & D. The need for partnership for innovation was
never felt more than as it is today. Examine the statement. Why is the need for partnership in innovation felt
more strongly today?
R&D partnerships are strategic partnerships between businesses and organizations capable of developing a new product or service
(or improving an old one) and others who have ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------partners who all contribute funds to pay for certain

research and development opportunities. The partners providing the funding are entitled to a percentage of any income derived
from the investment.
Due to the unpredictable nature of research, R&D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, technology companies and medical and educational
institutions.
R&D partnerships exist between parties from all -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------industry partnerships, incorporate members from a
variety of sectors in order to reach a research goal. Below are some of the benefits these and other types of R&D partnerships can
bring.

Competitive --------------------------R&D partnerships aim to---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. When they succeed,

R&D partnerships help organizations stay ahead of the competition and maintain customer satisfaction over time.

------------------------------ Sharing
Depending on the nature of the ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- with benefits like depreciation of equipment. Profit sharing is defined in the R&D partnership agreement.

------------------------------------------------------------------ Sharing
Just as profits are shared among partners, so -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------this way can help members, especially those that are
smaller or less established, take on more ambitious and potentially more valuable R&D projects.

Decreased Time-to-Market
By pooling resources like funding and -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------collaboration, R&D partnerships can accelerate the creation
phase and bring potential new products or systems to market faster.

Resource Sharing
Some R&D partnerships are designed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and offerings without investing in often costly assets like
prototyping equipment, access to research documents, etc.

Access to New Markets

Often times partnering around R&D gives businesses the opportunity to test products in new markets. For example an
organization aiming to develop more -------------------------------------------------------------------------- on various continents.

Research and -------------------------------- Incentive

In some cases investing in -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- potential R&D tax credits before investing.

R&D Partnerships: Considerations

Though R&D partnerships can ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and intellectual property should be special
considerations during the partnership planning phase.

Financials
Whether a partnership is between -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------clearly define investments, profit sharing and the ability to buy back
IP in their R&D partnership agreement.

Results Monitoring
Its not uncommon for R&D partnerships to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, this is one of the hardest things to get right:
A key challenge in true partnership is to strike the right balance between management that serves the Programme as a whole and
creating ownership so all partners can nurture a network spirit.
If R&D partners find a systematic way ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- separate areas
of research, the partnership will be more likely to find success.

Intellectual Property
In the case of a cross-border R&D partnership, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------patent law expert for best practices will help protect and
retain your intellectual property.

R&D Partnerships in Action

R&D partnerships often allow industry leaders from different sectors to collaborate around common goals, pooling their
knowledge and resources to advance technologies or systems. The Partnership for Research and Innovation in Sustainable
Manufacturing, for example, is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. The Partnership received $500,000 in support from the National
Institute of Standards and Technology to pursue its goals.

Grow ------------------------------------------------------------ Partnerships

R&D partnerships have the potential to bring your business a competitive edge that will lead to long-term growth. When
financials, results monitoring and IP concerns are handled well, R&D partnerships can be hugely beneficial.
It is a well known fact that during the last decade, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------source code may be carried out in one company in the
US A, passed on to another Indian software design company by say 5 pm in tile evening through satellite links, and the software
package is completed by the Indian company, tested for any bugs and passed back with the agencies or scientists who are
physically present in such locations. For example, high altitude equipment, medicines for high altitude sickness, clothing for subzero temperatures can be tested by agencies operating in Siachin ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. In fact, the development of equipment
LO collect such nodules by itself requires very high technological inputs.

Partnerships in research and innovation are powerful and much needed tools to deliver on the objectives of Horizon 2020 for a
number of reasons. They address strategic technologies that will ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------objectives

including

2%

of

GDP

invested in R&D and 15% of GDP coming from manufacturing by 2020.

The evaluations of the current JTIs show that they attract a high level of industrial participation including that of SMEs, they
develop long-term commitments and strategies in research and innovation as well as interdisciplinary approaches to address
complex problems.

The Joint Technology Initiatives will all run ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of the Partnerships during the implementation.
Thus, based on above discussion we can say that need for partnership for innovation was never felt more than as it is today.

3. Gilletees invention of twin blade design of shaving razor propelled it into position of market leadership.
Give five other criteria which you consider as the most relevant for evaluating this invention. Give reasons for
your choice.
To develop current -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Broadly, four areas benefit from results of R&D:

-----------------------------------

Organization

---------------------------------

------------------------------------

Knowledge
Brand Equity: The image an organization --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- or services influences Brand Equity. New knowledge adds to Brand Equity.
Technology base: The sum tota1 of knowledge ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------or discovery.
Inventions, Discoveries: Quality ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- or discovery.
Enlightenment: Knowledge ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- society as a whole.
Monetary
Market Capitalization: Average market value of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of this value which can be a measure of its success.
Asset appreciation: Balance sheets of organizations can reflect value of technology possessed. A successful R&D project can
enhance asset value.
Cost-Benefit: A comparison between the ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- a research project.
GNP: A new invention or ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Although, an indirect method it call be valid in case of a major breakthrough in research.

CompetitionCustomer Satisfaction- R & D activities are -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. This is an important measure of R & D work.
Market Leadership- Managements are ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------important measure of R & D work.
Core competence- Collective learning in an ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Strengthening of core competence, often resulting from
research is a measure of the quality of research work.
User Friendly- Innovations that ------------------------ help win competition. It is a useful measure to evaluate an R & D output.

Operations- Value addition and methods improvement are the criteria that can be used for evaluating operations.
New inventions or ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------measured for their contribution in these areas.

Until the 1960s, razor blades were made of carbon steel. These were prone to rusting unless carefully dried and often left users
to change blades frequently. In 1965, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------production for lower income markets. Because Gillette exploiting
customers by forcing them to buy the rust-prone blade.

By 1990, Gillette found itself in the interesting position of cannibalizing its own successful products with the launch of the
Sensor razor. The Sensor soared in sales globally and ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------for Women in 1992 and the Sensor Excel for Women in 1996. As to be expected,
the continued success of the Sensor family of shaving systems led to the gradual decline of the Atra and Trac II twin-blade
shaving systems. However, despite this decline, the Atra and Trac II razors continued to hold decent market share positions
worldwide. In addition, holding steady since 1976, Gillettes Good News! brand maintained its position as the best-selling
disposable razor in its product category worldwide.

Gillettes internal competition heated up with the introduction of the Mach3 razor in 1998. Touting three thin blades
designed to provide a closer shave with fewer strokes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Excel products, Gillette sequentially produced the Mach 3 Turbo for men and the
Venus system for women in an attempt to further expand the reach of Mach3 technology and market share.

Rather than continue the razor wars by producing a six- or seven-blade razor, Gillette focused on releasing complementary
products, enhancing its existing product lines and expanding its intensely successful marketing strategy. To complement its
already successful razor and blades division, Gillette sought to expand its product portfolio inside the shower doors to create the
full shower experience. For example, the launch of Gillette ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Personal Care, Procter & Gamble. By offering superior deodorant, body
washes, and shampoos, we are able to reward that trust by giving guys what they want and need in other areas of their grooming
routines.
Gillettes lethal combination of marketing and product ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and Senor Excel products and can be attributed,
in large part, to the success of its current market position and yearly sales volume.
Also in late 2008, Gillette debuted a new global brand ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------be their best. The Moment campaign

features everyday guys, as well as the Gillette Champions (Tiger Woods, Roger Federer, and Derek Jeter), experiencing moments
of doubt faced by every guy, whether it is the moment he steps on the doorstep before a date, just before he delivers a
presentation, or the seconds before sinking a crucial putt, and the role Gillettes high-performance products play in helping him
gain the confidence to succeed in that moment.

In many ways, Gillette and Procter & Gamble are in an enviable position. Gillettes products dominate the global wet-shaving
market. The company continues to grow, although ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------appeal with what customers value, Gillette has the
potential to establish a position of long-term product maturity and market dominance. In that position, it wont matter how many
blades a competitor puts on a razor.

4. Compare the main features of the technology policy of Indian and some other countries e.g. U.S.A., U.K., and
Japan. Offer you suggestions for improving the technology policy persuade in India.

Features of the technology policy of IndiaTechnology policies in India and in many other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------describe the salient features of technology policy in India
and a few other countries like USA, UK and Japan.

The main technology policy of the country is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Technology Policy arc to:

1. Attain technological competence and self reliance to reduce vulnerability, particularly in strategic and critical areas, making the
maximum use of indigenous resources.
2. Provide the maximum gainful --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the employment of women and weaker sections of society.
3. Use ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- competitive.
4. Ensure the correct -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- by the masses.
5. Ensure --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- minimum capital outlay.
6. Identify obsolescence of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and technology.
7. Develop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- those with export potential.
8. Improve production speedily through greater --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and reliability of performance and output.

9. Reduce ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ renewable sources.

10. Ensure harmony ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- the quality of the habitats, and
11. Recycle the waste ------------------------------------------------------------------------- of buy products.

USAU.S. technology policy initiative states ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------develop and quickly utilize new technologies identified in the
initiative are:
Investing in ------------------------------------------------------------- infrastructure
Establishing ----------------------------------------------------------------- for a high skill work force
Investing in ----------------------------------------------------------------------- small business.
Refocusing ------------------------------------------------------------------- that enhance industrial performance.
Leveraging the ------------------------------------------------------------------- and
Creating a world class ------------------------------------------------------------- investment and innovation.

The programmes address infrastructure, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------especially in the infrastructure programme and critical
technologies programme.

U.K.The British governments ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------what could the United States possibly learn from the British experience.
The overall structure and working of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of research. Some major technology programme initiatives helped
U. K. to consolidate the R & D efforts, namely

Creation of three ----------------------------------------------------------------------- high technology

The technological ------------------------------------------------------------ for high tech. industries.

Providing operational ------------------------------------------------------- own centres for spin off.

Starting regional ------------------------------------------------------------- for networking.

Japan-

The Japanese technology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------which distinguishes it from others, namely:

Distinct Programme Focus- Industrial -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and Industrial technology

development have been differentiated and three comprehensive programmes cover these separately.

National R & D Projects: The industrial -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------programmes. There are

only a small number of projects under this category. They cover a planning horizon of 6 to 10 years from the start.

Consortia Approach to Implementation: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of configuration. Fuzzy

engineering, micro machines and high temperature super conductors are example of these.

Rigorous Selection Criteria: National R & D -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------paradigm

much

before others and they are ahead in areas such as robotics, memories, display, networking, sensors because of the
forecasting exercise.
The budget for these projects are not ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, pooling of resources, diffusion of information, exchange of
generic information and learning of newer competencies.

Suggestions for improving the technology policy persuade in IndiaIndia is one of the top-ranking countries in the field of basic research. Indian Science has come to be regarded as one of the most
powerful instruments of growth and development, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------promotion of science & technology in the country. The
department has wide ranging activities ranging from promoting high end basic research and development of cutting edge
technologies on one hand to service the technological requirements of the common man through development of appropriate skills
and technologies on the other.
My suggestions are as follows1.

Proper ---------------------------------------------------------------- Technology.

2.

Matters relating to the ------------------------------------------------------ the Cabinet (SACC).

3.

Promotion of new areas --------------------------------------------------- on emerging areas.

4.

Research and Development through its research institutions or laboratories for development of indigenous technologies
concerning bio-fuel --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- with the concerned Ministry or Department;

5.

Research and -------------------------------------------------------------- development value added chemicals.

6.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

7.

Coordination and -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- linkages in which a number of institutions and departments have interest and capabilities.

8.

Undertaking or financially ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and development, where necessary.

9.

Support and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, Scientific Associations and Bodies.

5. Is India industry giving emphasis to technology development? Discuss. Is Government in your view
providing sufficient financial support measures for technology development in India?
The current national innovation system ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. There are various councils and research structures under various ministries, which cater to
different research areas and which are distributed around the country. Examples include:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------- in 1941; 39 laboratories

Indian Council of Agricultural Research ---------------------------------------------------------------------- research centres

30 ---------------------------------------------------------

Defence Research & Development Organisa-----------------------------): established in 1958; 48 laboratories

There are many other publicly funded institutions that perform research and technology development for industries related to steel,
oil and natural gas, renewable energy, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------or state-funded Scientific and Industrial Research Organizations (SIROs).
In academia, there are 280 universities in -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------created by corporations, and there are non-government organizations (NGOs) that use and apply
the available knowledge for the benefit of the society.
Furthermore, there are financial institutions such as the ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, academia, and industry for supporting, nurturing and leading their innovations
towards fruition.
All of these institutions were working mostly in a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of these structures by connecting them to one another and to industry and society,
forming an innovation ecosystem.

As mentioned earlier, the Government of India declared ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------in the country" (Nation Innovation Council,
2010). TheScience, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013 outlines the major policy initiatives to strengthen the innovation
ecosystem and give a boost to the development of innovation-led entrepreneurship in India:

"The guiding vision of aspiring Indian STI [Science, Technology, and Innovation] enterprise is to accelerate the pace of
discovery and delivery of science-led solutions for faster, sustainable and inclusive growth. A strong and viable Science,
Research and Innovation System for High Technology-led path for India (SRISHTI) is the goal of the new STI
policy."(Ministry of Science and Technology, 2013).

Below, the key initiatives of ------------------------------------------------------ identified in the previous section:

1.

Funding: The policy announces an increase in the gross expenditure in research and development (GERD) from less
than 1% to 2% of the gross domestic product ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ of a fund for innovations for social inclusion, "small idea-small
money", and a "risky idea fund". These funds are designed to address the funding-related challenges described in the
previous section. The policy does not mention angel or venture capital funding but the above measures will fulfill some of
the requirements of innovators and entrepreneurs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, and it addresses the challenge of outdated procedures adopted
for funds disbursement for innovative projects.

2.

Strengthening the linkages between stakeholders: The -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------should help address the challenge related to linkages
and should facilitate understanding within such partnerships.

3.

Promotion of science: The policy promotes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of talent to science" (Ministry of Science and Technology, 2013).
In these ways, the policy addresses the need for educational reforms.

4.

Risk taking ability: The policy accepts risk as an -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------for investing in enterprises without fear of failure" (Ministry
of Science and Technology, 2013).

5.

Intellectual property: The policy will seek to "establish a new regulatory framework for data access and sharing [and for
the] creation and sharing of intellectual property. The new policy framework will enable strategic partnerships and alliances

with other nations through both -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------). Thus, this initiative is very important for international collaborations.

6.

Addressing the innovation value chain: The -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------dividend" and a "huge young talent pool", the policy foresees
the achievement of national goals for sustainable and inclusive growth (Ministry of Science and Technology, 2013).

7.

Participation in global R&D infrastructure: The policy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------areas of science. This will also enable the Indian
industry to gain global experience and competitiveness in some high-technology areas with spin-off benefits" (Ministry of
Science and Technology, 2013).

The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013 thus tries to join the fragmented pieces of the Indian innovation ecosystem
and bring it into the sharper focus. It addresses the need to enhance scientific understanding and skills among the young and
aspires to position India among the top five ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------innovators and entrepreneurs through education, training, and mentoring. This positive signs
indicate that the government has fulfilled its role on the policy front. Now, it will be up to all the departments of the government
to build innovative delivery mechanisms to take the fruits of this policy to the people of the country.
Other Government Initiatives
In this section, other government initiatives ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Policy 2013 are described.
Lead paper on technology and innovation for the current five-year plan
India follows five-year plans for ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- includes a lead paper on "Technology and Innovation" (Planning Commission, 2011), which says that:
"Strengthening the innovation ecosystem requires a platform for information sharing and dissemination to ensure: (1)
improved access to knowledge and (2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ scale. This decentralized, open and networked model would enable
information sharing on innovations and collaboration among stakeholders."

India Inclusive Innovation Fund

The India Inclusive Innovation Fund is designed to "------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------development agencies, and Indian and global corporations. The life of the fund is
nine years, and it will focus on healthcare, food and nutrition, agriculture, education energy, financial inclusion, and environment
technology, among other areas.

6. Write short notes on the following:

a) Guided Imaging
Guided Imaging, sometimes -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and mental pictures of the results of applying solutions. Descriptive notes are made of these images and are
shared with others and reviewed at a later time.

Guided imagery is based on the concept that your body and mind are connected. Using all of your senses, your body seems to
respond as though what you are imagining is real. An example -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------do this. This exercise demonstrates how your body can respond to what
you are imagining.

Guided imagery and visualization are techniques used to help you imagine yourself being in a particular state. The recordings
below are designed to help you visualize yourself relaxing or engaging in positive changes or actions. These exercises can help
you reduce anxiety, improve self-confidence, or cope more effectively with difficult situations.

Participants in a training session. For example, could ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------eye- and then verbally describe what they visualised.

b) The Matrix organization

Matrix Organization was introduced in USA in the early 1960's. It was used to solve management problems in the Aerospace
industry. Matrix Organisation is a combination of two or more organisation structures. For example, Functional Organisation and
Project Organisation.

The organisation is divided into different functions, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, the authority flows downwards and across.

Therefore, it is called "Matrix Organisation".
The peculiarities or characteristics or features of a matrix organisation are:Hybrid Structure : Matrix organisation is a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Therefore, it has the merits and demerits of both these
organisation structures.
Functional Manager : The Functional Manager has ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ aspects of the project.
The responsibilities of functional manager are:- He ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- work among his subordinates. He looks after the operational aspects.
Project Manager : The Project manager has ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- authority over the financial and physical resources which he can use for completing the project.
The responsibilities of project manager are:- He decides ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the project performance.
Problem of Unity of Command : In a matrix ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------productivity and profitability of the project.
Specialisation : In a Matrix organisation, there is a specialisation. The project manager concentrates on the administrative
aspects of the project while the functional manager concentrates on the technical aspects of the project.
Suitability : Matrix organisation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------managers and employees of the company.

c) SIDBI
Small Industries Development Bank of india is an independent financial institution aimed to aid the growth and development of
micro, small and medium-scale enterprises ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------branches in all major industrial clusters in India.[citation needed] Besides, it has been playing
the development role in several ways such as support to micro-finance institutions for capacity building and on lending. Recently
it has opened seven branches christened as Micro Finance branches, aimed especially at dispensing loans up to Rs. 5 lakh.

Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), set up on April 2, 1990 under small industries development bank of India
act, is the Principal Financial Institution for the Promotion, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------in the small scale sector and to co-ordinate the functions of the institutions

engaged in the promotion and financing or developing industry in the small scale sector and for matters connected therewith or
incidental there to.

It is the Principal Financial Institution for the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- engaged in similar activities.

SIDBI has also floated several other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------in 2009, as specialized entities for NPA resolution for SME.
The business domain of SIDBI consists of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which contribute significantly to the
national economy in terms of production, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to the service sector including transport, health care, tourism
sectors etc.
SIDBI among Top 30 Development Banks of the World
SIDBI retained its position in the top 30 Development Banks of the World in the ranking of The Banker, London. As per the May
2001 issue of The Banker, London, SIDBI ranked 25th both in terms of Capital and Assets.
In its endeavour towards holistic development of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Environment Protection, etc.
Cumulative disbursements as at end March 2014 have crossed ` 3260 trillion ( 40.75 trillion) benefiting more than 32 million
persons in the MSME sector. The total outstanding portfolio as at end March 2014 aggregated ` 612.71 billion (7.66 billion).
SIDBI also functions as a Nodal/ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, Ministry of Food Processing and Industry, etc.
SIDBI has taken the initiative to promote ----------------------------------------------------------------- Enterprises, SIDBI Venture
Capital, SME Rating Agency of India Ltd and India SME Technology Services Ltd., for the benefit of the MSME sector.

d) Total Quality Design (TQD)

Total Quality Design and Assessment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, thus increasing the level of know-how with regard to

the issue of "sustainable buildings".

The guiding concept of integrated product development is quality, which could be called Total Quality Design. Total
quality can be thought of as a process in itself, and the result of the process is performance to the standards set by
customers. Quality is defined in terms of customer expectations.

Everyone in the company must be trained to understand total quality concepts and their role in an integrated product
development process. Without a -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, in how incentives are used, and in the culture of the firm. Top

management has to establish a positive work environment, employ a participative style, encourage employee
involvement and build teams.
Without a quality driven design process, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------with

the following description of a total quality

environment.
Product ----------------------------------------------------------------------- rather than reacting to them.
Teams are ------------------------------------------------------------------------- deliver the required results.
Managements focus ------------------------------------------------------------------- team work.

To buy MBA assignments please use below link

https://www.payumoney.com/store/#/buy/kian-publication
For other Information please click on below link
http://ignousolvedassignmentsmba.blogspot.in/

KIAN PUBLICATION
Whatsapp- 9580039150
ignousolvedassignmentsmba@gmail.com
kianpublication1@gmail.com
ignou4you@gmail.com