T08 \ CCN2252

CCN2252 Environmental and Energy Engineering

T08 Water Pollution
Questions
1.
The biochemical oxygen demand at 5 days, BOD5 of a waste is 102 mg/L and that at
20 days, BOD20 is 158 mg/L. BOD20 also corresponds to the ultimate BOD.
Determine k, the BOD rate constant.
2.
(a) Name the items A to E in the below DO sag curve.

(b) Describe the experimental steps to measure the 5-day biochemical oxygen
demand, BOD5.
3.
Wastewater from a factory is discharged into a river with dissolved oxygen (DO)
concentration equal to 9 mg/L. The DO concentration of the waste water is 0.8 mg/L.
After the wastewater is mixed with the river water, the DO concentration has to be
larger than 5 mg/L so as to cause no harmful effect to the fishes in the river. If the
volumetric flow rate of the river is 2 m3/s, what would be the maximum allowable
volumetric flow rate of the wastewater?
4.
A certain amount of wastewater with a BOD5 of 600 mg/L at 10 C is being discharged
from a manufacturing plant into a river at 20 C. The ratio of the river flow rate to the
wastewater discharge flow rate is 150. At the upstream of the manufacturing plant,
the BOD5 of the river is 1 mg/L. The BOD rate constant of the wastewater at 20 C is
0.12 per day and that of the river of 3.8 per day.
Given:
Lt = L0 (1 - e-kt), and
kT = k20 ()T-20
where = 1.135 for T between 4 and 20oC, and = 1.056 for T between 20 and 30oC.
(a) Determine the ultimate BOD of the river.
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(b) Determine the ultimate BOD of the wastewater.

(c) Determine the ultimate BOD after mixing uniformly.
(d) Determine the temperature after mixing uniformly.
5.
The discharge of a sugar beet plant causes the DO at the critical point to fall to 4
mg/L. The river stream has a negligible BOD and the initial deficit after the river and
wastewater have mixed is zero. If the BOD concentration of the wastewater is
reduced by 50%, what is the new DO at the critical point? Assume that the flows
remain the same and that the saturation value of DO is 10.83 mg/L in both cases.
6.
A river has the average flow rate of 0.51 m3/s and the average velocity of 0.2 m/s. It
is classified as a shallow, turbulent and rapidly moving stream. The river has the
average depth of 4.5 m and the river bed activity coefficient of 0.33.
0.11 m3/s of wastewater is discharged into the river. The ultimate BOD of the
wastewater is 20 mg/L and the DO of the wastewater is 1.0 mg/L. The BOD decay
constant of the wastewater, k, is 0.09 day-1 at 20 C.
Just upstream of the discharge point, the DO of the river is 8.1 mg/L and the ultimate
BOD of 6 mg/L. Given:
Reaeration coefficient at 20 C (day-1)
3.9 .
=
.
Deoxygenation rate constant at 20 C (day-1)

= +

Critical time
1

=
1

DO deficit at time t

+
=

(a) Compute the DO just after mixing, DOa, and the ultimate BOD just after
mixing, La.
(b) Determine the DO deficit just after mixing, Da.
(c) Calculate the critical time.
(d) Calculate the DO at t = 3 days.
7.
The foul water discharge of an office building near Tolo Harbour is to be assessed.
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The building has 1000 staff and there is a restaurant with a kitchen of 200 m2 in floor
area. The restaurant operates daily from 6 a.m. till 11 p.m. Based on the following
data, determine whether the discharge from the office meets the standards for
discharging the effluent into the Tolo Harbour.
Given data:
According to EPD guidelines for the design of small sewage treatment plants:
Design flow rates of wastewater:
- office (not including canteen): 55 L/head/day
- restaurant: 0.5 m3/m2 kitchen area/day
BOD/SS load:
office (not including canteen): 23 g/head/day
restaurant: 300 g/m2 kitchen area/day
Table. Standards for effluents discharged into the coastal waters of Tolo and Port
Shelter Water Control Zones
Flow rate (m3/day)
BOD
SS

=< 1000
20
30

1000 <
10
15

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