BEST PRIMARY SCHOOL

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Std. 7
S.S.Assignment (SA1)
LESSON -5
EX 1 CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION (MCQ)
In which direction is the Pole star seen?
South b)North c) West d) East
The imaginary lines drawn in which direction on the globe are called longitudes?
North-South b) North-East c) West-East d) East-South
Which longitude is called International Date Line?
82.5 degree b) 90 degree c) 360 degree d) 180 degree
Which is the biggest clock of the world?
Stars b) constellations c) Sun d) Moon
How many longitudes are there?
180 b) 270 c) 360 d) 90
How much time does one longitude take to pass in front of the sun?
4 minutes b) 16 minutes c) 1 hour d) 24 hours
What is the time of all the places on one longitude when that longitude comes opposite the sun?
6:00 in the morning b) 11:00 in the morning c) 6:00 in the evening d) 12:00 at noon
Through which city does our Standard Meridian pass?
Amritsar b) Kolkata c) Gandhinagar d) Allahabad
LESSON-7

1) In which direction of Asia is India located?

a) North b) East c) South d) West
2) Which country is located to the north-west border of India?
a) China b) Myanmar c) Pakistan d) Bangladesh
3) Which country is located to the south of India?
a) Sri Lanka b) Afghanistan c) Myanmar d) Bangladesh
4) Which position does India hold in terms of area?
a) Eighth b) Seventh c) Fifth d) Tenth
5) Which tropic passes through the middle of India?
a) Arctic circle b) Tropic of cancer c) Equator d) Tropic of Capricorn
6) By which name is the Himalayan range towards India known?
a) Shivalik b) Lesser Himalayas c) Greater Himalayas d) Central Himalayas
7) What is the height of Mt. Godwin Austin (K2)
a) 6590 mts b) 7835 mts. c) 8611 mts. d) 8918 mts.
8) What is the height of Mt.Everest?
a) 8848mts. b) 4881 mts. 3) 8153 mts. d) 8598 mts.
9) Which city is located on the banks of river Yamuna?
a) Kolkata b) Lucknow c) Agra d) Patna
10) Which one of the following hill stations is in the Deccan plateau?
a) Shimla b) Mahabaleshwar c) Gulmarg d) Almora
11) Which one of the following cities is in the Deccan plateau?
a) Allahabad b) Hyderabad c) Varanasi d) Patna
12) Which one of the following ports is located on the western coast of India?
a) Vishakhapatnam b) Chennai c) Machilipatnam d) Kandla
13) How long is the Indian sea coast?
a) 7517 km b) 6100 km c) 6800 km d) 7200 km
LESSON-8
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Who was the first Muslim ruler of India?

Altamash b) Shahabuddin Ghori c) Iltutmish d) Qutub-ud-din Aibak
In which year Nasiruddin came to the throne of Delhi?
1236 C.E. b) 1246 C.E. c) 1206 C.E. 4) 1295 C.E.

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Who established the Khilji dynasty in Delhi?

Nasiruddin b) Giyasuddin c) Allauddin d) Jalaluddin
In which year did Alauddin Khilji come to the throne of Delhi?
1246 C.E b) 1295 C.E. c) 1298 C.E. d) 1289 C.E.
Who established the Tughlaq dynasty in Delhi?
Giyasuddin b) Allauddin c) Mohammad Tughlaq d) Jalaluddin
Which sultan took away plenty of wealth to Delhi from Devgiri?
Mohammad Tughlaq b) Allauddin Khilji c) Giyasuddin d) Jalaluddin
In which year did Bahlol found the Lodi dynasty in Delhi?
1526 C.E. b) 1495 C.E. c) 1485 C.E. d) 1451 C.E.
Who invaded Delhi in 1526 C.E.?
Timur b) Babur c) Chingiz Khan d) Ibrahim Lodi
Who established the Mughal dynasty in Delhi?
Babur b) Humayun c) Jehangir d) Akbar
LESSON-9

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How many seats of Legislative Assembly are in Gujarat?

180 b) 158 c) 182 d) 183
Which one of the following is another organ of the government?
Legislative council b) Legislative Assembly c) Judiciary d) Executive
Committee
3) Who is the Constitutional head of the state?
a) Chief Minister b) President c) Governor d) Chief Justice
4) Who is the administrative head of cabinet (ministry)?
a) Governor b) Chief Minister c) Speaker d) Deputy Speaker
5) Who does the reformation of the cabinet (ministry)?
a) President b) Speaker c) Governor d) Chief Minister
6) How many total subjects are included in the Union list?
a) 97 b) 66 c) 87 d) 47
7) How many total subjects are included in the State list?
a) 47 b) 51 c) 55 d) 66
8) Which one of the following subjects is included in the Union list?
a) Protection of nation b) Forests c) Agriculture d) Hereditary matter
9) Which one of the following subjects is not included in the State list?
a) Education b) Health c) Forests d) Industries
10) Who manages the constituencies of Legislative Assembly?
a) Chief Minister b) Law Minister c) Governor d) Speaker
EX 2 FILL IN THE BLANKS
LESSON-5
1) The horizontal imaginary lines drawn on the globe are called latitude.
2) The vertical imaginary lines drawn on the globe are called longitude.
3) The zero degree longitude passing through Greenwich in England is called Prime Meridian.
4) The 180 degree longitude is called equator.
5) The International Date Line passes over the Pacific Ocean.
6) Time of the places on the globe is decided by longitude.
7) The time decided according to the mid-day is called local time.
8) When the time for the entire nation is decided from one longitude, it is called standard time.
9) The Standard time of our nation is decided by 82.5 degree east longitude
10) India is located between 68 degree and 97 degree east longitudes.
LESSON-7

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Myanmar country is located to the east of India.

Afghanistan country is located to the north-west of India.
The Himalayas is not one mountain but a series of Himalayan mountain ranges.
The tallest peak of India is Mt. Godwin Austin.
The Godwin Austin K2 peak lies in Karakoram range.
The tallest peak in the world is Mt.Everest.
Mt. Everest is located in Nepal.
Northern India plains are considered to be one of the largest river plains in the world.
The Central and Southern plateau of India is surrounded by seas on three sides, so it is called
peninsula.
10) The Central and Southern plateau of India is also known as a treasure house of minerals.
11) The coastal plain is famous for fishing industry.
12) The Kutch desert is highly saline.
LESSON-8
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Qutub-ud-din established the slave dynasty in India.

Qutub-ud-din was the first ruler of India.
Hindu/Muslim style of architecture is blended in the construction of Qutub Minar.
Iltutmish became the ruler of Delhi after Qutub-ud-din Aibak.
Raziya was the first female ruler to rule over Delhi.
Giyasuddin Balban had worked as minister of Nasiruddin.
Allauddin Khilji had framed strict laws for price control.
A brave minister named Mahmud Gavan existed in the Bahamani state.
In the period of Mohammad Tughlaq, an African traveler from Tangier named Ibn Batuta visited
India.
10) On the bank of Tungabhadra river, Vijaynagar was situated.
11) Amir Khusro was the famous poet of the Allauddin Khilji Royal Court.
LESSON-9
1) Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) represents people.
2) The strength of Legislative Assembly is decided according to the population in a constituency.
3) Generally the election of Legislative Assembly is done every five years.
4) The Legislative Assembly house of Gujarat is in Gandhinagar city.
5) The entire administration of the state is carried out in the name of Governor.
6) The Cabinet ministers of a state are known as Government Executives.
7) The administrative officers of a state are known as Administrative Executives.
8) Governor sanctions the bills presented in the Legislative Assembly.
9) Governor draws out ordinance in emergency in the state.
10) Union Government carries out the administration of entire India.
11) Presently, in our country, there are 29 state governments in all.
12) The Chairperson of Legislative Assembly is called Speaker.
EX 3 WRITE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR FALSE
LESSON-5
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The earth is divided in two parts, east and west, from the Greenwich line. TRUE
Day and date change while crossing the International Date Line. TRUE
International Date Line is a straight line. FALSE
The earth completes one rotation in 365 days. FALSE
One longitude takes 2 minutes to pass in front of the sun. FALSE
Different places on the same longitude have different local time. FALSE
Local time of different places in the same country is different. TRUE

8) The sunrise is earlier in eastern countries than the western countries. TRUE
9) The Standard Time of India and Sri Lanka are the same. TRUE
10) The earth rotates from west to east. TRUE
LESSON-7
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The east-west width of India is more than its north-south length. FALSE
The Himalayas is not one mountain, but it is a series of three mountain ranges. TRUE
There is sea on three sides of India. TRUE.
The eastern coastal plain of India is narrower than the western coastal plain. FALSE
Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Arabian Sea. FALSE
Machilipatnam is located in the eastern coastal plain. TRUE
The Rann of Kutch is very sandy. TRUE
LESSON-8

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In the beginning of the twelfth century, the Sultanate of Delhi was established. FALSE
In the period of Sultanate, Qutub Minar was the capital place.TRUE
Raziya was the daughter of Qutub-ud-din Aibak. FALSE
Even though Raziya was a woman she was accepted as a ruler. FALSE
An African traveler Ibn Batuta has written about the administration of Mohammad Tughlaq. FALSE
Vidyaranya Swami had inspired Harihara and Bukka to establish the state of Vijaynagar. TRUE
Vijaynagar was defeated in the battle of Panipat. FALSE
Sikander Lodi was intolerant in the matter of religion. TRUE.
LESSON-9

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The election of MLA is done indirectly. FALSE

The number of members in the Legislative Assembly is decided on the basis of area. FALSE
The party that rules is called the ruling party. TRUE
The Vidhan Sabha building of Gujarat is known as Sardar Vallabhbhai Vidhansabha Gruh. FALSE
To present a financial bill in the Legislative Assembly, permission of the President is required.
FALSE
6) The constitutional head of the state is called Governor. TRUE.
7) The Chief Minister presents bills in the Legislative Assembly. FALSE
8) The Chief Minister manages seats of the Legislative Assembly. FALSE
EX 4 MATCH THE FOLLOWING
LESSON-7
A
1) North-south length of India
2) East-west width of India
3) Tallest peak of India
4) Tallest peak of the world
5) Height of Kanchenjunga
6) Height of Nanda Devi peak
7) Height of Badrinath peak
8) River originating in the Himalayas
9) A famous city in the Deccan plateau
10) Famous port on the western coast
11) Length of Indian sea coast
12) Famous port on the eastern coast

B
1) 3214 km
2) 2933 km
3) Godwin Austin (K2)
4) Mt. Everest
5) 8518 mts.
6) 7817 mts.
7) 7138 mts.
8) Koshi
9) Hyderabad
10) Kandla
11) 7517 km
12) Chennai

LESSON-8
A
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1336 C.E.
1526 C.E.
The real founder of Slave dynasty
The minister of Nasiruddin
Patroned poet of Allauddin Khilji
African traveler of Tangier
Powerful ruler of Vijaynagar
Founder of Saiyyad dynasty

1) Establishment of Vijaynagar
2) Babur attacked Delhi
3) Iltutmish
4) Giyasuddin
5) Amir khusro
6) Ibn Batuta
7) Krishnadevraya
8) Khijra Khan

LESSON-9
A
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Constitutional head of state

1) Governor
Administrative head of ministry
2) Chief Minister
One who manages the Legislative Assembly 3) Speaker
Member of Legislative Assembly
4) MLA
LESSON-1
EX 5 ANSWER IN A SENTENCE OR TWO
Q-1. How did Rajyavardhan die?
A-1. Rajyavardhan was killed by the King of Gaud, Shashank.
Q-2. Whom did Harshavardhan think of freeing after ascending the throne?
A-2 Harshavardhan thought of liberating his sister Rajyashree after ascending the throne.
Q-3 Who defeated Harshavardhan in a battle?
A-3 Pulkeshi II defeated Harshavardhan in a battle.
Q-4. Which deeds of public welfare had Harshavardhan done?
A-4 Harshavardhan built many rest houses, inns, wells, lakes, step wells, mathas,viharas for public
welfare.
Q-5. Which compositions of great poet Banbhatt are considered unique in Sanskrit literature?
A-5 The compositions of great poet Banbhatt which are considered unique in Sanskrit literature are
Harshacharit and Kadambari.
Q-6.Name the plays written by emperor Harshavardhan.
A-6 King Harshavardhan wrote three plays. They are Naganand, Ratnavali and Priyadarshika.
Q-7 Which different ashes were recommended to be used as medicine by the alchemist Nagarjuna?
A-7 Iron, arsenic and mercury ash were recommended to be used as medicine by Nagarjuna.
Q-8. By which games and sports did people entertain themselves in the period of Harshavardhan?
A-8. People entertained themselves with chess and game of dice during the period of Harshavardhan.
Q-9. What were the chief occupations of the people in the period of Harshavardhan?
A-9. Farming and animal husbandry were the chief occupations of the people in the period of
Harshavardhan.
Q-10 Which caves were constructed during the reign of Pulkeshi II?
A-10 During the reign of Pulkeshi II the caves of Vatapi and Dharapuri were constructed.
Q-11.When did Pulkeshi II die? How?
A-11. Pulkeshi II died in 642 C.E. while fighting with the Pallav king of Kanchipuram.
LESSON-2
Q-1.What does orbit of the earth mean?
A-1.The earth moves continuously on an imaginary path in the space. This path is called the orbit.
Q-2 Why does the distance between the earth and the sun not remain same throughout the year?
A-2. The distance between the earth and the sun does not remain the same throughout the year
because the orbit of the earth is not round but oval or elliptical or egg-shaped.
Q-3. Why do days and nights become longer and shorter?

A-3. Days and nights become longer and shorter due to the rays of the sun.
Q-4. On which days do sunrays fall vertical on the equator?
A-4. The sunrays fall vertical on the equator only on two days every yearon 21st March and 23rd
September.
Q-5 Why do the North pole and the South pole come in front of the sun alternately?
A-5. The North pole and the South pole come in front of the sun alternately because the earth
revolves around the sun keeping its axis in the same direction.
Q-6. Which seasons prevail over the northern and southern hemispheres between 21st March to 21st
September?
A-6. Between 21st March to 21st September the northern hemisphere experiences summer while the
southern hemisphere experiences winter.
Q-7 What is rotation?
A-7 The movement of the earth on its own axis is called rotation of the earth. The earth takes 24
hours to complete one rotation.
Q-8 What is revolution?
A-8 The movement of the earth around the sun is called revolution of the earth. The earth takes
365/366 days to complete one revolution.
LESSON-3
Q-1. What is the chief function of the government?
A-1. The chief function of the government is to frame laws, to get them executed and make
amendments in law and impart justice.
Q-2.Which body of the government is known as Legislative Assembly?
A-2. The body which frames laws is known as Legislative Assembly.
Q-3. What is the function of the judiciary?
A-3. The function of the judiciary is to punish the offenders.
Q-4. What is meant by federal government?
A-4 Federal government means a two level government--- a) state government b) central
government.
Q-5. What is the government at the national level called?
A-5. The government at the national level is called Central government or Union government.
Q-6. What is the government at the state level called?
A-6. The government at the state level is called the state government.
Q-7. How many houses are there in the legislative body? What are they called?
A-7 There are two houses in the legislative body. They are 1) Legislative Assembly 2) Legislative
Council.
LESSON-4
Q-1. Which era is called the early medieval age?
A-1. The period between the 8th century and 12th century is called early medieval age.
Q-2. In how many and in which separate parts are the states of the medieval age divided?
A-2 The states of the early medieval age are divided into two partsNorth India and South India.
Q-3. Who had protected India from the invasion of the Arabs?
A-3 Pratiharas had saved India from the invasion of the Arabs.
Q-4. Which were the two main Malwa cities during the Parmar dynasty?
A-4 The two main Malwa cities during the Parmar dynasty were Ujjain and Dharnagari.
Q-5Which were the two well known states during the Rajput age in South India?
A-5 Pallav dynasty and Chola dynasty were the two well known states during the Rajput age in
South India.
Q-6. Give one example of the expert administration of Rajraja I.
A-6.One example of the expert administration of Rajraja I is that he had started land measurement
system and local self-government.
Q-7. Why did some rulers of South India need to have a strong naval force?
A-7. Some rulers of South India needed to have a strong naval force so that they could attack other
countries even across the sea.
Q-8. On which city did the rulers of the Chauhan dynasty gain victory and establish their rule on it?

A-8. The rulers of the Chauhan dynasty gained victory towards Thilka,Delhi the capital of Tomer and
established their rule on it.
Q-9.Which king had established powerful kingdom in the Deccan region in the 8th century?
A-9. Govind III of Rashtrakuta dynasty had established powerful kingdom in the Deccan region in
the 8th century.
LESSON-5
Q-1.What is meant by latitude circle ?
A-1 The circular line joining the line at zero degree latitude is called latitude circle.
Q2 How much time does one longitude take to pass completely by the sun ?
A2 One longitude takes four minutes to pass completely by the sun.
Q-3 Which time is considered as the standard time of a country ?
A-3 The local time of a centrally located place of a country is considered as the standard time of a
country.
Q-4 From the local time of which city is the standard time of India decided ?
A-4 The standard time of India is decided by the time of 82.5 degree longitude which passes from
near Allahabad.
Q-5 Through which ocean does the international date line pass ?
A-5 The international date line passes through the Pacific ocean.
LESSON-7
Q-1 Within which latitudes is India located?
A-1 India is located between 8.4 degree north latitude to 37.6 degree north latitude.
Q-2 Within which longitudes is India located?
A-2. India is located between 68.7 degree east longitude to 97.25 degree east longitude.
Q-3. What is the north-south length and east-west width of India?
A-3. The north-south length of India is 3214 km and east- west width is 2933 km.
Q-4 What is Indias rank in the world in terms of area?
A-4. India ranks seventh in the world in terms of area.
Q-5.How many divisions is the northern mountainous region divided into? Which are they?
A-5.The northern mountainous region is divided into 3 divisions. 1) Himalayan mountain range. 2)
Himalayas 3) Eastern Himalayas or Purvachal range.
Q-6. Which is the tallest peak of India? What is its height?
A-6. Mount Godwin Austin in Karakoram range is the tallest peak of India .Its height is 8611 mts.
Q-7. Which is the tallest peak of the world? What is its height?
A-7. Mount Everest in Nepal is the tallest peak of the world. Its height is 8848 mts.
Q-8. Which is the most prosperous and populated areas of India?
A-8. The northern plains is the most prosperous and densely populated areas of India.
Q-9. Which rivers emerge from the Himalayas?
A-9. Sindhu , Satluj, Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, etc. emerge from the Himalayas.
Q-10 Which are the major lakes of India?
A-10. The major lakes of India are Wular, Dal, Sambhar, Nal, Chilka, Koleru, Pulikat.
Q-11. Why is the plateau of South India called a peninsula?
A-11. The plateau of South India is called a peninsula it is surrounded by water from three sides.
Q-12. What is an island?
A-12. The land area surrounded by water from all the sides in the sea is called an island.
Q-13.Why is the western coastal plain very fertile?
A-13.The western coastal plain is formed of black soil and alluvium, so it is very fertile.
Q-14. How many parts is the Rann of Kutch divided into? Which are they?
A-14 The Rann of Kutch is divided into two parts. They are 1) Small Rann 2) Big Rann.
LESSON-8
Q-1. Who had started the construction of Qutub Minar and who completed it?
A-1. Qutub-ud-din Aibak had started the construction of Qutub Minar and his son-in law had
completed it.
Q-2. Who is believed to be the real founder of the slave dynasty?
A-2 Iltutmish is believed to be the real founder of the slave dynasty.
Q-3. Who succeeded Raziya on the throne of Delhi? For how many years did he rule?

A-3. Nasir , the son of Iltutmish succeeded Raziya on the throne of Delhi. He ruled for 28 years.
Q-4. Which Turk community was called Khilji?
A-4 Turk race that lived in Khilji province of Afghanistan was called Khilji.
Q-5.Who established the state of Vijaynagar? With whose inspiration?
A-5. Two brothers Harihara and Bukka established the state of Vijaynagar under the inspiration of
Swami Vidyaranya.
Q-6.When and where was the state of Vijaynagar established?
A-6. In 1336 C.E. on the south banks of river Tungabhadra the state of Vijaynagar was established.
Q-7. What special provision was made for irrigation by Krishnadevaraya?
A-7. With the help of an engineer named Yomke Krishnadeveraya got canals constructed in South
India.
Q-8. Which battle brought about the fall of Vijaynagar?
A-8. The battle of Talikota brought about the fall of Vijaynagar.
Q-9. How was the Bahamani state established?
A-9. When Amirs in the Deccan rebelled, an intelligent noble man named Hasan became the sultan
and founded the Bahamani sultanate.
Q-10. In which independent states was Bahamani sultanate split?
A-10. Bahamani sultanate was split into 5 provinces. They were Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Golkonda,
Berar and Bidar.
LESSON-9
Q-1. Who is called an MLA (Member of the Legislative Assembly)?
A-1. The elected member of the Legislative Assembly is called MLA.
Q-2. Who is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor?
A-2. The Governor appoints the leader of the majority party as the Chief Minister.
Q-3. Who are included in the executive committee of the state?
A-3. The Governor, the Chief Minister and his cabinet ministers, administrative officers and other
employees are included in the executive committee of the state.
Q-4. Who appoints the Governor? For what duration of time?
The President appoints the Governor of the state for a period of 5 years after consulting the Prime
Minister.
Q-5. What will happen if the Governor does not sign the bill (draft)?
A-5. If the Governor does not sign a bill (draft) it will not become a law.
Q-6.Who presents the budget in the Legislative Assembly?
A-6 With the consent of the Governor, the Finance Minister of state presents the budget in the
Legislative Assembly.
Q-7. What is the basic difference between the Union Government and the State Government?
A-7. The basic difference is that the State government functions at the state level and the Union
Government functions at the National level.
Q-8. Who manages the seats of the Legislative Assembly?
A-8. The Speaker manages the seats and one requires his/her permission before presenting anything.
Q-9. What is a budget?
The plan showing the estimate income and expenses of the state for the entire financial year is called
budget.
EX 6 ANSWER IN BRIEF
LESSON-1
Q-1. What was Harshavardhans daily routine?
A-1. 1) He used to spend the first part of his daily routine for administration. 2) The second part of
his daily routine was spent for public welfare. 3) The third was devoted for religious activities.
LESSON-2
Q-1 What would happen if the earth did not rotate or revolve?
A-1. 1) Days and nights are caused due to the rotation of the earth. 2) Rotation means the movement
of the earth on its own axis. 3) Seasons occur due to the revolution of the earth..4) Revolution means
the movement of the earth around the sun. 5) If the earth does not rotate or revolve then there will be
neither day nor night.

Q-2. Why is Norway called The land of the midnight sun?

A-2. 1) Norway is located in the Northern hemisphere. 2) The Northern hemisphere experiences
summer between 21st March to 23rd September. 3) During this period the sun never sets near the
Arctic circle. 4) The sun is seen even at 12 oclock in the night in such location. 5) Hence it is called
the land of the midnight sun.
LESSON-3
Q-1. Which are the organs of the government? Why are they necessary?
A-1 1) The organs of the government are a) Legislative Assembly b) Executive committee c)
Judiciary. 2) They are necessary because the government has to perform various activities. 3) The
government frames the act or law. 4) It executes and implements the law meaningfully and gives
justice.
Q-2. What would happen if there was no judiciary?
LESSON-4
Q-1.Which dynasties arose at the end of the 7th century?
A-1.Gurjar, Pal, Pratihara, Chalukya, Parmar and Chauhan dynasties arose in North India and
Pallava, Rashtrakuta, Kalyani, Chalukya, Cher, Pandya and Chola dynasties in South India arose at
the end of the 7th century.
Q-2. Why did King Bhoj establish a university in Dharnagari?
A-2. In order to make Dharnagari an educational centre (Vidhyanagari) and to create opportunity for
learning Sanskrit literature there King Bhoj established a university.
Q-3. When and why did the Rajput wives (Rajputanis) perform Jauhar?
A-3. If the husbands died in the battlefield or got defeated against the enemies and were arrested as
war prisoners then the Rajput wives (Rajputanis) performed Jauhar.
LESSON 5
Q-1 Which part of the earth is called the northern hemisphere and which part of the earth is called the
southern hemisphere ?
A-1 The part above zero degree equator in the north is called northern hemisphere and the part
below zero degree equator in the south is called southern hemisphere.
Q-2 What is meant by zero degree longitude ? And how is it ?
A-2 Zero degree longitude is called Prime Meridian. It divides the earth into two parts eastern
hemisphere and western hemisphere.
LESSON-7
Q-1. What are the variations in physiography of India?
A-1. The landform of India is not uniform everywhere. India is divided on the basis of variation in
the landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts, sea-coast, coastal plains.
Q-2. How many physiographic divisions are there of India? Which are they?
A-2. India is divided into six physiographic divisions. They are 1) Northern mountain range 2) Plains
of North India 3) Central and Deccan plateaus of India. 4) Coastal plains 5) Archipelagos/islands 6)
The Indian desert
Q-3 By which names are the Himalayan Ranges known?
A-3. The northern range towards China is known as Greater Himalayas, the Central range is known
as Central Himalayas and the third range towards eastern Himalayas is known as Shivalik range.
Q-4 Why has the desert in the northern part of Rajasthan become a fertile area?
A-4. The desert in the northern part of Rajasthan has become a fertile area due to the water available
for agriculture through the river Satluj via Indira canal.
Q-5.Why is population dense in the northern plains?
A-5. 1)The population is dense in the northern plains because the plain is very vast.
2) The soil is very fertile due to the alluvium deposited by the rivers flowing from the Himalayas. 3)
The rivers are perennial so the irrigation is also well-developed.
Q-6. Why are the deserts thinly populated?
A-6. 1) The soil is sandy in the desert. 2) Most part of it is dry, barren and uninhabited. 3) There is
very little rain in the desert. 4) There is always shortage of water and unavailability of basic
necessities.

LESSON-8
Q-1. What has the historian Minhaj-E-Siraj noted about Raziya Sultan?
A-1. The historian Minhaj-E-Siraj has noted that Raziya was more efficient and expert in
administration than her brothers but being a lady she was not accepted as a ruler.
Q-2. Who was Allauddin Khilji? How id he get to rule Delhi?
A-2. AllUddin Khilji was both a nephew and son-in-law of Jalaluddin Khilji, a sultan of Delhi. He
had conquered the throne of Delhi from Jalaluddin.
Q-3. In whose period, which postal system was started?
A-3. In the period of Giyasuddin Tughlaq, a sultan of Delhi, the postal system named Daakchowki
was started. In this postal system the postman was called halkaro. The letters were carried by horse
riders.
Q-4Which two main plans were implemented by Mohammad Tughlaq?
A-4. The two main plans implemented by Mohammad Tughlaq were:- 1) Shifting of the capital from
Delhi to Daulatabad. 2) Introducing the use of copper coins.
Q-5. Who established the Mughal empire in India? How?
A-5. In 1526 C.E. a king of Kabul named Babur invaded Delhi. He defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the sultan
of Delhi in the battle of Panipat and founded the Mughal empire in India.
LESSON-9
Q-1.Which party claims the government?
A-1. After the general elections the political party that has got majority of votes in Legislative
Assembly of the party claims the government.
Q-2. When does a bill become a law?
A-2. A bill undergoes 3 readings in the Legislative Assembly before it is passed. Following this it is
sent to the Governor before it becomes a law.
Q-3. What is the principal function of the Council of Ministers (Ministry)?
A-3. 1)The Council of Ministers frame policies for allotted subjects or departments related to the
state government and executes it.2) It also introduces the bill in the Legislative Assembly.3)The
Finance Minister of the State introduces the budget in the Legislative Assembly.
EX 7 ANSWER IN DETAIL

LESSON-1

Q-1. Write a few lines on Harshavardhan.

A-1. 1) King Harshavardhan was born in 606 C.E. 2) He was a brave and a successful ruler. 3) He
personally supervised the administration of his state by travelling to different parts of his empire. 4)
He was so diligent in carrying out his administrative responsibilities that at times, he even forgot to
have his meals. 5) He was a writer and had written three plays. 6) During his reign people lived a
simple, pious and a peaceful life.
Q-2. Write a few lines on Hiuen Tsang.
A-2. 1) Hiuen Tsang was a Chinese traveller. 2) He visited India during Harshavardhans rule. 3) He
stayed in India for 15 years and visited different places.4) He studied Buddhism at Nalanda for 5
years. 5) During his stay he attended the 6th Buddhist Religious Congregation at Prayag. 6) In 645
C.E. he returned to China and took with him many books, relics and statues.
LESSON 5
Q-1 Write a few lines on Prime Meridian.
A-1 1) The zero degree longitude passing through Greenwich in England is called Greenwich line.
2) The Greenwich line or zero degree line is also known as Prime Meridian.3) It divides the earth
into two parts east and west. 4) The longitudes to the east of Greenwich line are denoted by letter
E.5) Longitudes to the left of the Greenwich line are denoted by letter W.
Q-2 Explain International date line.
A-2 1) International date line is drawn in a zigzag manner. 2) It is because it passes through the
Pacific ocean and separates the calendar dates.3) It is not exactly 180 degree at all places since the

line crosses across several time zones.4) This is because if it is drawn straight then it has to pass
through many islands.
LESSON-7
Q-1.Write a short note on The northern plains of India.
A-1. 1) The plains of North India are located to the south of the northern mountain range. 2) It is
formed by the alluvium deposited by the Himalayan rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, etc and their
tributaries. 3) It is considered to be one of the most fertile plains in the world formed by the rivers. 4)
It occupies a very large area of the north. 5) So this region is very prosperous and densely populated.
6) Some large cities of this region are Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, etc.
LESSON-9
Q-1. Give four functions of the Chief Minister.
A-1. 1) Each state of India has a Chief Minister. 2) The Chief Minister is the head of the Cabinet. 3)
He allots various portfolios to different ministers for the effective administration of the state. 4) He
calls for meetings of Council of ministers at regular intervals. 5) He supervises the work of every
minister and guides them. 6) Informs the Governor about decisions taken by the Council of
ministers. 7) Forms a new Council of ministers, if necessary.
POLITICAL MAP OF INDIA

*STATES AND CAPITAL

Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Uttaranchal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh.
*NEIGHBOURING COUNTRY
Pakistan, China, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Srilanka.
*ISLANDS
Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar.
*SEA BOUNDARY
Arabian sea, Indian ocean, Bay of Bengal.
*UNION TERRITORY
Diu & Daman, Pondicherry.