NSM 8 TR HB Ans

New Signpost Mathematics 8
Homework Book Answers
Chapter 1
Review of Last Years Work 1
1:01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
b 61
b XIX
c 54
c LXXXIII
2001
MCMLXIX
a 5 020 003 b 99 010
a 6 6 = 36 b 2 2 2 2 = 16
c 3 3 3 3 3 = 243
a 700
b 4000
c 900 000
a 2200
b 3000
c 10 000
1:02
1
Beginnings in Number
a 20
a VII
d 2505
d DXII
a 8.63
3
-----10
a 0.9
4
5
d 60 000
d 12 000
c 0
d 593
b 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21, 35, 105
19
-----3
43
-----5
5
--6
2
-----25
2
--3
7
-----10
2
--5
a 4 1---
b 1 1---
e 14
f 4 1---
1
--6
d 0.92
h 19
b 0.78
Percentages
d 9/400
a
a
a
a
b
b
b
b
c
c
c
c
d
d
d
d
5
6
7
25%
0.8
60%
$13.60
30%
4.17%
1:06
1
2
87.5%
0.05
38%
90 m
176%
0.196
120%
$11 040
18.5%
4
62.5%
445.5 kg
Angles
PQR
56
3
obtuse
acute
reflex
a = 137
b = 39
c = 123
d = 109
e = 71
5
--6
3
-----10
1:07
Plane Shapes
a pentagon
b 5
c 0.008
g 0.002
c 1 1---
, 3--- , 2---
1 1--- kg
d 0.1 8
17
-----30
c 2.375
50
b 19/100
b 7
d 6 11
------
a 7/10
0.7707, 0.707, 0.7, 0.077

b 15.23
f 1.81
c 4 3---
Fractions
b 0.15
a 4.21
e 2931
i 26
1:05
10, 48, 80, 82

2 120
3 3, even
4 Except for 2, prime numbers are always odd. Therefore
beprisques, which are one less or one more than an odd
number, must be even.
a 5 1---
27
--------100
0.8
16.32
8 a 19.14
Fun SpotBeprisques
b 900.02
9, 18, 27, 36, 45

9
36
41, 43, 47
62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69
225 = 3 3 5 5
1:03
Decimals
Number: Its Order and

Structure
a 31
b 5698
a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
c 1, 7, 13, 91
1:04
3
2
8
-----15
d 16
a = 62
b = 42
c = 35
d = 34
5 a true
6 a = 110
b = 70
c = 90
d = 104
4
b false
c false
d false
ANSWERS
1:08
1
3
4
Solid Shapes
a cuboid
b triangular prism
Number of faces
c pyramid
Number of edges Number of

vertices
12
18
12
a cube
a
b cylinder
b
front
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
3
--5
, 2.3
a
e
a
e
a
7
11
16
7
34
1:11
a 12p
b 6t
c 6r
-----
d 14a2b
a x
a 4x + 20
a x=6
b 9p + 5q
b 6x 10
b x=4
c 2k + 21
c x2 + 9x
c x=8
d 4x2 + 6x + 8
2:01
d 19 000 mL
3
4
b 3
f 18
b 60
c 12
d 27
c 15
d 9
b 64
c 3
d x = 5
Working Mathematically 1
1
Working Mathematically
Examples: How many checkouts are open? How many people

and/or shopping trolleys are waiting at each checkout? What is
the quantity of groceries in each trolley?
How many check-outs are open? How many trolleys are waiting
in total?
a 270 seconds
b about 27
Take into consideration the number of people in the queue,
look at their purchases and check that each person has fewer
than 10, look at the number of people waiting at other queues.
Make a rough calculation of which lane choice will result in
you getting to a checkout fastest.
One possible answer: the manager needs to avoid having checkouts open but idle, and also needs to avoid having long queues,
because there often isnt enough room, shoppers dont like long
queues and may shop elsewhere in future, and also the faster
shoppers are processed, the more customers can buy at the
shop. To achieve both objectives, there should always be a
shopper waiting (so operators are never idle) but only one
person in each queue. So the number of checkouts open should
be approximately 2 the number of shoppers at the checkouts
at any given time. The main problem for the manager would be
that the number of shoppers is constantly changing.
2:02
Problem-solving Strategies
24
6 years
3 lightest at 20:08
darkest at 1:11
4 Edward & Hinewai go out:
12 minutes
Hinewai returns:
12 minutes
Freya & Gerald go out:
60 minutes
Edward returns:
6 minutes
Edward & Hinewai go out:
12 minutes
Total time:
102 minutes
5 The Norwegian drinks water. The Japanese man owns the
zebra.
1
The Number Plane
A = (1, 3)
B = (3, 1)
C = (4, 2)
D = (3, 2)
E = (0, 1)
F = (0, 3)
G = (2, 3)
H = (2, 1)
2 bow-tie
top
1:12
d 2pq
h 2pq
Directed Numbers
c 5x
g 4r
Chapter 2
Measurement
b r
f 0
right
a = 9 mm, b = 35 mm, c = 1.6 cm, d = 5.8 cm

a 5500 m
b 23 cm
c 6.7 kg
8 cm
a 88 mm
b 48 cm
a 0730
b 1200
c 2215
150 m
40 minutes
20 m/s
a 176 cm2
b 36 m2
3
27 cm
4.5 kg
1:10
a 3p
e 4y

1:09
y = 3x + 5
left
Algebra
Working Mathematically 2
a t
11
Investigation: Half-time
b n = 2t + 1
2
a 6c + 5
a 42
b --p2
b 16
c 2(x 4)
c 72
d 3r
----5
d 2
Cowboys
Dolphins
Eagles 0, Fliers 0 or Eagles 1, Fliers 0
ANSWERS

3
a 16
(p + 1) (q + 1)
b c2 = 25 + 81
b 10
c2 = 106
NSW
Queensland
7
0
3
1
0
7
1
3
2:03
c=
c2 = 290
c=
3
e 48.5 cm
Problem-solving using Venn

Diagrams
3:02
2
f 101 cm
c 34 cm
d 4.2 cm
g 0.85 cm
h 8 1--- cm
3
3.93 m
Using Pythagoras Theorem:

Calculating the Hypotenuse
(Part 2)
b 3.622 m
a 24
a Car
Train
0.4 m
M
Th
F
Tu
W
62
16
11.66 m
6.51
9.5 m
6 a 125 m
5
76
3:03
46
Chapter 3
Investigating Pythagoras Theorem 1
Investigating Right-angled
Triangles
Yes, the distance along the wall is 15 m, and the line is at an

angle to the wall.
3 about 17 cm, which represents 17 m
4 yes, because it will probably sag a bit, and also needs a bit of
extra length to be tied on at the ends
5 289 = 82 + 152
289 = 17
5 cm
x =
3:02
a r =p +q
a c=
b 3.5 cm
f
3 3--8
c 24 cm
d 24.3 cm
cm
a In the first three lines x should be x2, and then in the 4th line
b 0.79 m
a
b 3.425 m
flag pole
x
stay
3.7 m
1.4 m
6.3 m (2 sig.fig.)
3:04
1
2
a 3 cm

Calculating the Hypotenuse
(Part 1)

Calculating One of the Short
Sides
e 2.3 cm
3 +4
b 45 m
the student needs to calculate the square root of 0.63.
b 6.63 m
1.28
b Saturday and Sunday

c the days he travelled in the car and on the train
a HCB
b 16
c 62
EE
3:01
pole
x
wall
3.6 m
b 18
Sat
Sun
290 = 17.03 (4 sf)

b 9.2 cm
a 10 cm
106 = 10.30
c c2 = 121 + 169
b e =d +f
c q =p +r
Miscellaneous Exercises
Involving Pythagoras
Theorem
38 m
625 = 25
ANSWERS

2
e=
2.8
Fun Spot
m
height
x
tap
Caterina will be 3 (born in 2001).

Edward will be 21 (born in 1983).
1.6 m
x2 = (2.8)2 (1.6)2
x2 = 7.84 2.56
x2 = 5.28
4:02
x = 5.28
= 2.3 m (2 sig.fig.)
3
b 98 m
28 m
5m
28 m
a 8.60 m
a 4.47 m
a
b 25%
Population
c 40%
d 85%
Percentage
312 000
1%
NSW
6 372 000
33%
211 000
1%
QLD
3 655 000
20%
SA
1 467 000
8%
457 000
2%
TAS
b 22.20 m
b 4.72 m
Estimating Percentages
ACT
NT
base
24 km
c 50 km
7 km
b 25 km
yacht
a 50%
e 15%
VIC
4 645 000
25%
WA
1 851 000
10%
Total
100%
Percentages 2
4:03
b 15.65 units c 3.91 m
Investigation: The Ants and the Sugar

Bowl
a 1.25
a 64.9%
b 44.44%
c 42.86%
d 83.33%
a 33.33%
a 55%, 80%, 54%, 48%
b fractions
c angles
d assume the tests are equally difficult
7.810 m
5
Chapter 4
4:01
a 20%
a
b 28%
3
4
5
6
7
b 6 1--- %, 9%, 12%, 33 1--- %

2
55%
5 32%
4
7
8
9
10
2
3
17
--------100
3
-----10
99
--------100
49
--------100
3
--4
1
--4
1
--------100
1
-----20
3
-----50
3
--5
19
-----25
6
-----25
40%
25%
0.5
53%
b
f
b
b
a
e
a
a
30%
35%
0.29
30%
4
5
6
7
8
9
c 49%
d 12%
c 0.04
c 1%
d 0.08
d 70%
10
1
--6
c 0.0489
c 0.34%
c
9
--------400
d 1.172
d 7.1%
d
51
--------500
Finding a Percentage of a
Quantity
35
192
72
10
$5.04
$10.80
2.31 m
4:05
a 7%, 17%, 49%, 53%, 70%
b 0.692
b 156%
b
Review of Percentages
1
1
--8
4:04
Percentages 1
| Harder Conversions
Applications of Percentages
Type O: 0.39; Type AB: 0.02

a 0.197
b 0.197 litres
120%
80%
12 times
$3500
4550 kg
45 kg
$72
36
ANSWERS
Percentages 3
4:06
Percentage Composition
20%
a 15%
2.5%
5%
60%
75%
a 40%
a 60%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4:07
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
c 40%
d 35%
| Percentage Change
b 8125 L
b 22 L
c 900 m2
c 6208 ha
1
2
d 532.48 kg
d 61 320 kg
b $12 000
$60
3 a $2400
4 $129 000
3
4
5
b 493
b $73.18
6
b $51.75
a $720
c $127.50
d $228 000
c = 8%
d = 8%
b $6400
a = $270
4:10
b 50%
b 40%
| Simple Interest
$14.58
a 87
a 74 cents
385
a $96.75
$496.08
a 0.3 m
25%
18.7%
4:09B
1
b 24%
a $46
a $450
Percentages 5
b = $2400
Finding a Quantity if a
Percentage Is Known
a $600
b 800 m
171 000
$176 000
11 300 (3 sig.fig.)
dining room furniture: $750
TV set: $399
washing machine: $600
400
c 4700
d 15 000
c $17.25
Fun SpotThe Rule of 72
b 20%
8 years
6 years
72
3 y = -----r
1
2
Percentages 4
4:08
a It doesnt say more than what: more than previously, more
than other brands etc.

b A product can only be 100% pure.
The headline could read 40% of people opposed to new
motorway or 60% of people in favour of new motorway.
The rate of speeding has increased from 30% in July to 32% in
August.
a 25% profit b 30.8% loss
$667
$307.50
2
3
4
5
6
Chapter 5
Further Applications of
Percentages
Fun Spot
Patterns and Algebra 1

5:01
1
a
b Number of dots d
Number of matches m
11
13
c i 17
ii 21
iii 201
d To work out the number of matches, multiply the number of
dots by 2 and then add 1.
2
16 coins
| Commission
| Patterns and Rules Review
11
14
$4500
3 $193.30
4 $1142.50
5 $15 000
y = 4x 1 b y = 2x + 5
i 2
ii 6
ii f = 2n 2
f = 2 1 2 = 0. This is a sensible answera one-storey
building has no stairs!
5 a 21
b 41
c i multiply n by 4, and then add 1
ii 4n + 1
Fun Spot
5:02
4:09A
a $4200
1
2
b $1875
c $234 500
3
4
13 1--- %
a
a
b
c
Addition and Subtraction of

Like Terms
a 4x, 6x, 3x
b 6p, p
c ab, 3ab
ANSWERS

a 6x
b 4x
c 9x
e x
f 2x
g 30p
i x
a 6x + 6y
b 8x + 3
c 14x + 3y
e 2x + 3y
f 3x 2y
g 3x 19
i 12 3x
j 7x + 4
k 6x 7
m 8x 6
a 2pq
b 9xy
c 7cd
d 10ab 3bc + 11ac
a x2 + 8x
b 7x2 9x
c x2 + 6x 1
a 3p + 5p (other answers are possible)
b 5x + y + x + 2y (other answers are possible)
c 5x 9 + 1 (other answers are possible)
4
5
6

d 7p
h 4x
d 2x + 4y
h 11x + 1
l 8x 9y
a 4y
5:06
3p
b -----2q
b 4q
4x
d --------3
c 2p
| Using Algebra
a 10x
b 20x
c 3x 1
d 7x + 20
c 3a
---------
a
b ----
a
a
Investigation: Different Stamps

4: $1 + $2 + $3 + $4
1 + 2 + 7, 1 + 3 + 6, 1 + 4 + 5, 2 + 3 + 5
3 10 x
4 8
5 Write down the combinations as three-digit numbers from the
smallest (118) to the largest (334).
1
x+2
x3
x1
a 6x
Fun Spot
x2
x+1

5:07

5:03
1
2
3
4
5
a
a
a
a
c
c
c
c
14x
36xy
6x
30x
2p
6x2y
mn
30xy
3q
4pq
2p
10p
2p2
6pq
8p2q
3pq
15pq
3p2q
9pq2
12p2q2
5q
pq
3q2
4pq2
a 5p
2x
b -----
e 3x
------
2
f -----
a 7p
b -----2-
3y
b 2q
e --x-
f 12a
d 64pq
d 6p
d 6xyz
4
5
d 2b
5y
1
d -------2
c 4x
-----3
d 4x
-----3
1
c -----
4y
2
3
4
5
6
Multiplication and Division of

Pronumerals
b 12
c 1
5p
2 a -----q
8a
b -----b
c 10p
--------q
a
e
a
d
f
a
e
i
a
e
a
e
a
e
r5
b y2
c 3a2b2
3 2
3 2
pq r
f 30r s
pppp
b ttttt
2xyyy e 4xxxy
20 p p p p q q
4x2
b 30y2
c 2p2
3
2
8q
f 8x
g 6y3
2 2
6pq
j 30x y
9
b 64
c 81
21
f 81
g 49
12
b 36
c 32
45
f 24
50
b 3
c 16
11
f 8
g 20
5:08
1
a 15x
11
a 9p
5:05
c 3y
------
| Division of Pronumerals
b
b
b
b
24p
100cd
4p
6y
5:04
1
| Multiplication of Pronumerals
7
8
9
a
b
c
a
a
e
a
a
a
a
a
e
a
| Index Notation
d 6ab
c 6xx
d 30x2
h 8x2
d 1
h 25
d 64
d 76
h7
| Grouping Symbols
5(x + 3) = 5 x + 5 3 = 5x + 15
2(4x + 1) = 2 4x + 2 1 = 8x 2
8(3x 1) = 8 3x 8 1 = 24x + 8
6x + 12
b 2x 6
c 5p + 5q
12x + 6
b 12x 10
c 30x + 24
10 30x
x2 + 5x
b 2x2 6x
4x 20
b 3x + 18
20x + 4
b 10x 5
c 21x + 14
5x + 18
b 6x + 6
c x + 2
4x 2
b 4x + 16
c 13 2x
x3
f 8x
g 2x 6
7x + 27
b 3x 13
c 4x + 13
d 10 + 20x
d 18 + 12x
d 11x 27
d 12x 21
d 4q2
ANSWERS
6:02

5:09
1
2
3
4
5
6
a
e
a
a
e
a
e
i
a
a
e
8
x
2(x + y)
6
8
2(x + 5)
8(x + 2)
3(3x + 4)
6(3x 5)
c(x + y)
x(x 12)
5:10
1
| Factorising
b
f
b
b
f
b
f
j
b
b
f
5
q
10(p q)
5
9
3(x + 4)
30(x + 2)
2(2x 3)
4(5x + 1)
x(p + q)
x(4 + y)
c
g
c
c
g
c
g
k
c
c
g
+
2,
5(x + y + z)
x
3x, 4
5(x 3)
9(x 7)
3(x + 1)
13(x 2)
x(x y)
x(x + 3y)
d
h
d
d
h
d
h
l
d
d
h
p, q
4(p + q r)
5
2
4(x 6)
2(x + 29)
6(5x 3)
3(4x 1)
x(x + 6)
x(x + 1)
b 4x
------
a 3x
------
c --x3
b 13x
---------
a 7x
------
15
10
c 3x
-----2
1
--2
1
--5
b 0
1
--4
1
--3
a x-----
b --x-
x
c -----
2
--3
g 2x
------
4x
e -------2
5y
3
--4
10
6:02
5
--6
a
c
e
g
a
a
a
a
b
The Probability of Simple

Events (Part 2)
1
--9
d 11p
--------24
1
--8
1
--2
7
--8
1
--4
5
-----11
2
-----11
5
--2
6:03
2
d 5p
--------2
unlikely to happen
b unlikely to happen
certain to happen
d unlikely to happen
likely to happen
f likely to happen
certain to happen
2
will never
b is certain to
c is unlikely to
3
A and C
b D
4
0.5
b 1
6
Spinner A
i It is likely that spinner B will stop on a white sector.
ii It is very unlikely that spinner B will stop on a black
sector.
c Spinner B is unlikely to stop on the grey sector.
7 a unlikely
b likely
c very unlikely
d almost certain
9
-----11
5
--8
d 0
| Complementary Events
a My car will not have a flat battery.

b A coin will come up tails when next tossed.
c I will get an Easter egg next Easter.
5
--8
3
4
a 0.6
a 0.67
e 0.33
1
-----13
1
-----52
1
-----13
1
--4
3
--4
1
--2
3
-----13
4
-----13
| The Language of Probability
c 0
Probability 1
1
7
-----12
bag that has two blue and three red pens
Chapter 6
6:01
3
--5
a getting a 1 when a fair six-sided die is tossed once

b getting a blue pen when choosing a pen at random from a
b 10
d 2x
------
1
--5
Probability 2
e --x6
3
The Probability of Simple

Events (Part 1)
| Algebraic Fractions
e 4x
2
6:04
1
3
--5
b 0.45
b 0.93
c 0.98
d 0.67
| Using Probability
2
--3
c box B, because a probability of
2
--3
= 0. 6 is higher than a
probability of 3--- = 0.6

5
1
--3
1
--2
a Armidale Taree Newcastle
c 5
d 13
Armidale Tamworth Newcastle

Armidale Newcastle
1
--3
1
--7
2
--7
1
--6
25
-----84
ANSWERS
Chapter 7
Reasoning in Geometry 1
7:01 | Adjacent Angles
5
1
2
a
a
c
a
c
x = 50
b y = 40
a = 30 (adj. comp s)
c = 76 (adj. comp s)
j = 63 (s make a str. )
l = 32 (s make a str. )
7:02
1
a
c
d
e
f
g
a
c
e
a
c
b
d
b
d
Angles at a Point and Vertically

Opposite Angles
a = 50 (vert. opp. s)
b b = 117 (vert. opp. s)
c = 60, d = 50, e = 70 (vert. opp. s)
f = 30, g = 40 (vert. opp. s)
h = 90, i = 80, j = 110, k = 80 (vert. opp. s)
l = 40, m = 60, n = 120 (vert. opp. s)
o = 50 (vert. opp. s)
h p = 64 (vert. opp. s)
b = 282 (s at a pt.)
b c = 299 (s at a pt.)
f = 120 (s at a pt.)
d m = 99 (s at a pt.)
n = 95 (s at a pt.)
f o = 42 (s at a pt.)
x = 40 (vert. opp. s)
b x = 72 (s at a pt.)
Fun Spot
2
| Angles Associated with Parallel

Lines
a
b
c
d
a = 40 (co-int. s, || lines)
b = 110 (co-int. s, || lines)
c = 120, d = 70 (co-int. s, || lines)
e = 60 (co-int. s, || lines)
Fun Spot
1
2
r = 80
s = 35
7:04
a = 60 ( sum of )
b b = 60 ( sum of )
x = 130 (ext. of )
b x = 31 (ext. of )
x = 120 (ext. of )
x = 130 (ext. of ); y = 50 (ext. of )
3
3x + 60 = 180
x = 40
b 7x + 6x + 5x = 180
18x = 180
x = 10
4 a p = 27, q = 72, r = 66
b x = 79, y = 36, z = 65
x
x
| Angle Sum of a Triangle
a
a
c
d
a
7:05
| Angle Sum of a Quadrilateral
a a = 75 ( sum of quad)
c d = 65 ( sum of quad)
a 5x + 335 = 360
x=5
3
2
a
b
c
d
e
f
a = 60 (alt. s, || lines)
b = 110 (alt. s, || lines)
c = 85 (alt. s, || lines)
d = 65, e = 70 (alt. s, || lines)
h = 100 (alt. s, || lines)
j = 95 (alt. s, || lines), k = 85 (s make a str. ),
l = 95 (vert. opp. s)
a angle
is corresponding to
a x = 80
c x = 31, y = 74, z = 75
b b = 135 ( sum of quad)

d e = 190 ( sum of quad)
b 18x = 360
x = 20
b a = 60, b = 117, c = 63, d = 87

d x = 122
Fun Spot
8
16
3 8
1
2
angle
b yes
a a = 70 (corresp. s, || lines)
b b = 40 (corresp. s, || lines)
4
8
7:03
c = 65, d = 65 (corresp. s, || lines)

e = 72 (corresp. s, || lines), f = 108 (s make a str. )
g = 82 (corresp. s, || lines), h = 82 (vert. opp. s)
i = 95 (corresp. s, || lines), j = 85 (s make a str. )
k = 72, l = 68 (corresp. s, || lines)
m = 30, n = 40 (corresp. s, || lines)
p = 270
d q = 41
b = 52 (adj. comp s)
d = 58 (adj. comp s)
k = 102 (s make a str. )
m = 3 (s make a str. )
c
d
e
f
g
h
a
7:06
| Isosceles and Equilateral

Triangles
a
b
c
d
x = 68 (equal s of isos )
x = 60 (equal s of isos )
x = 45 (equal s of isos ), y = 90 (sum of )
x = 65 (equal s of isos ), y = 50 (sum of )
ANSWERS

a x = 70 (s make a str. ), y = 70 (equal s of isos ),
z = 40 ( sum of )
b x = 70 (equal s of isos ), y = 40 ( sum of ),
z = 40 (vert. opp. s)
c x = 50 (alt. s, || lines), y = 50 (equal s of isos ),
z = 50 (alt. s, || lines)
d x = 70 (alt. s, || lines), y = 70 (equal s of isos ),
z = 40 (s make a str. )
e x = 15 (equal s of isos ), y = 15 (equal s of isos )
f x = 62 (equal s of isos ), y = 62 (equal s of isos )
3 a 360 5 = 72
b 108
4 112.5
a
c
a
c
a
b
c
| More Involved Numerical
7:07
Problems
x = 110
b x = 68, y = 44
x = 111
d x = 62
2
x = 55 ( sum of , then equal s of isos )
x = 50 (co-int. s, || lines, then sum of )
x = 50 (equal s of isos , then sum of , then vert.
opp. s)
d x = 124 (alt. s, || lines, then equal s of isos , then alt.
s, || lines)
3 a 60
b 150
c 15
d 75
a
c
a
b
c
8:03
a stratosphere
b 2030 km
c More in the springin spring the maximum level exceeds
a The price of a packet decreased and there was a slight
15 mPA; in autumn it is less than 15 mPa.

increase in daily cigarette consumption.
b The long-term trend is going down (decreasing).

c Yes, it roughly has a horizontal axis of symmetry.
d As the price of cigarettes increases, fewer are smoked.
| Types of Graphs and Their

Features & 8:02 Reading
Graphs (Part 1)
1
2
38
a Year 12
b 148
c No information about whether both parents of a student
attended, or only one. Some parents may have more than one
child at the school.
D
As more cooks are employed the food will be able to be
prepared faster, but the time will never reach zero (as implied in
graph B) because they will get in each others way to some
extent.
8:04
| Drawing Graphs (Part 1)
E-mail
b 1.6
6
4
2
Flavoured
Phone/fax
Trim
Postcards/letters
Physical
Graphs and Tables 2

8:02
| Reading Graphs (Part 2)
8
6
4
2
Other
Ferry
Xmas
Bus
21st
Train
Weddings
Private vehicle
Number of functions
Type of milk
Corporate lunch
Fun Spot
Number sold
| Unusual Graphs
Graphs and Tables 1
a
b 800 m3
Graphs and Tables 3
Chapter 8
8:01
watched the first half of the show, and this lasted about
45 minutes. Half the people left the hall at interval, which
lasted about 20 minutes. The second half of the show also
lasted 45 minutes. When it was over, everyone left quickly.
0.4 m
b 20 minutes
0.8 m. When the level reaches 0.8 m, the tank fills more
slowly because some water is leaking. After she stops filling
the tank, it quickly empties to the level of the leak.
9 a.m.
b tank was refilled with petrol
11 a.m.
d 5 hours
e 10 litres
lightweighta weight of 60 kg is about 132 pounds
middleweighta weight of 68 kg is about 150 pounds
A featherweight is between 54 kg and 57 kg approximately.
Sallys weight will be 55 kg to the nearest 5 kg.
i 2
ii 5
iii 5
Red. fat
b People came into the hall slowly at first. About 750 people
Homogenised
Types of function
3
Other
a netball
a 23C in January and February

b 0C in July c July
a A suitable scale would be in minutes (30, 60, 90, 120) or in
1
-----10
c 72
d 36
hours (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2). Other answers are possible.
Nitrogen
a black coal
c 92%
d
Nuclear
Oxygen
b gas, hydro, brown coal, black coal
Wind, solar
Fossil fuels
Other
ANSWERS

b 6 metres
Graphs and Tables 4
| Drawing Graphs (Part 2)
8:04
d B: 5 1--- hours
c 6 metres
6
$120
$100
a Day of week
Opens/closes
Hours open
Monday
9 a.m. 6 p.m.
Tuesday
9 a.m. 6 p.m.
Wednesday
9 a.m. 6 p.m.
Thursday
9 a.m. 6 p.m.
Friday
9 a.m. 9 p.m.
12
Saturday
10 a.m. 5 p.m.
Sunday
10 a.m. 3 p.m.
Total
$60
$40
$20
15 30 45 1 hr 15 30 45 2 hr
Graphs and Tables 5

1
360 = 0.15 360 = 54
a Q
b R
c P
ii
Su
| Travel Graphs
8:05
60
Distance
from home
9
-----60
b i
$80
Sa
T
Time
b 85 minutes c 10 minutes d 85 55 = 30
5 km
5 km
e --------------------------- = ---------------- = 20 km/h
15 minutes 1
--- hour
4
f The graph for the journey back is the steepest.
4 a Dawn
b Esther stopped for 20 minutes.
c Esther walked faster. Her graph is steeper than Dawns.
5 a 1500
b 1 hour
c 3
d via Canberra
e Kookaburra is kept at Canberra and Pelican is kept at Hobart.
f No, the graphs never intersect when they are
horizontalthat is, when the planes are at an airport.
3
W
Th
a 2.5
e-mail
postcards/
letters
phone/fax
191
--------400
360 = 171.9
b 122, 66
Distance
from home (km)
now
smoke
used to
smoke
a 20 km
never
smoked
8
9
10
11
12
1
a.m. a.m. a.m. a.m. noon p.m.
Time of day
Number of motorcyclists killed on NSW roads

Number of motorcyclists
killed
140
Graphs and Tables 6
120
100
80
8:06
60
40
20
0
1985
1
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
b The initial trend was for the number of motorcyclists killed

to fall, but since 1991 the number killed has been fairly
constant.
Depth of water at wharf
Depth (m)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
| Reading Tables
a $6.00
b 10 times or more
c 6 months child/6 months student costs $215 altogether;
12 months student costs $220 altogether; therefore 6 months

of each type is cheaper
d $69
2 a $3.50
b $18.55
c $28.45
d $9.50
e $15.50
8:07
| Misuse of Graphs
The year scale slopes upwardsit should be horizontal.

The year scale is not uniform.
The size of the bags on the mans shoulder are not correctly
related to the money.
The man is drawn differently as the bag size increases.
2 The vertical scale does not start at 0.
1
6 7 8 9 10 11
(am)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1
(pm)
(am)
Time
ANSWERS
10
The angles at the centre are not proportional to the number of

visitors; instead they are proportional to the number of months
in each season.
4 The heading is wrong (Honolulu and Norfolk Island are not in
Asia); the scale on the vertical axis is uneven.
5 Most means more than half.
6 It doesnt say what the lifetime is of the charger, the
batteries, the user?
3
The answers are different because the entire shape

(A+B+C+D+E) is not a triangle. If you draw the five small
shapes carefully you will notice the sloping sides of the large
shape are not straight.
Area and Volume 3
| Volumes of Prisms
9:04
Chapter 9
9:01
1
2
3
a
a
a
e
a
Area and Volume 1

Review of Year 7 Area
21 cm2
b 12 cm2
2
64 m
b 25 m2
2
20 cm
b 27 cm2
2
30 cm
f 204 cm2
x = 6 m, y = 5 m
20 cm
2
3
c 156 m2
d 500 cm2
c 12 cm2
d 16 cm2
a 120 cm3
e 300 cm3
a 120
a
8 cm
2
3
16 m
b 280 m2
a 5488 m2
4050 cm2
a
a
a
a
78 cm2
25 cm2
104 m2
432 cm2
10:01
1
Area and Volume 2

9:02
b
f
b
b
b
b
14 cm2
32 cm2
162 cm2
126 m2
42 m
86 cm2
c 30 cm2
6
3
Each triangle is 20 cm2.
Each triangle is 7.5 cm2.
50 cm2
105 cm2
4
5
20
5
x
3
x +3
6
x
6
6
x
a add 17
b divide by 4
c subtract 2, then divide by 6 d multiply by 5, then add 1
10:02
8x
x
20
5x
10
+2
5x 2
10 8x
x+5
6
6x
x+5
3
+2
x2
d 84 cm2
Investigation: The Weird Triangle
104 cm2
96 cm2
150 cm2
21 litres
4 litres
| Inverse Operations
6x
Areas of Special Quadrilaterals

& 9:03 Formulae for the Areas
of the Special Quadrilaterals
20 m2
33 m2
144 cm2
96 m2
234 m2
39 cm2
25 m2
a
e
a
a
a
a
b
b
b
b
Equations, Formulae and

Inequations 1
13.5 cm2
b 100 m2
Chapter 10
b 5500 m2
Fun Spot
d 960
| Surface Areas of Prisms
9:05
c 960 cm3
b 96 cm3
54 m
b 8
a a = 3, b = 16, c = 50, d = 1
c 1600 m3
b 42 m2
20 m
d 150 cm3
4 cm
c 150 cm3
6 cm
50 m
b 120 cm3
a
e
a
a
e
a
| Solving Equations
x=5
x = 14
x = 16
x=3
x = 1
x=8
a x=
5
--7
b
f
b
b
f
b
x=5
x = 14
x = 24
x = 10
x = 5
x = 37
b x=7
c x = 26
d x = 21
c x = 19
c x=7
d x = 28
d x = 1
c x = 30
d x=5
1
--2
ANSWERS
11
Fun Spot
10:06
| Solving Problems Using

Equations
Hair today, gone tomorrow
10:03

Inequations 2
| Equations with Pronumerals
2
3
a
a
a
a
c
on Both Sides
1
2
3
a x=6
a x=4
a correct
10:04
b x=6
b x = 108
b correct
c x=3
c x=2
c incorrect
d x=3
d x = 4
| Equations with Grouping
d
a
b
c
x 13 = 25; x = 38
b 8x + 5 = 37; x = 4
B: 4x + 3 = 39
b x=9
2x + 3 = 19
b x = 8 km
$4.40
b $2
2n 40 = 750
n = 395, that is, the motorist parked for 6 hours and
35 minutes
$2; 2 cents
2x + 5 = 3x 10
x = 15 (this gives Viviennes spending)
$35

Inequations 4
Symbols
1
a x=7
b x=1
c x=2
d x=2
a x=2
b x = 11
c x = 11
d x=
a x = 18
b x=
5
--4
1
--2
1 1--4
1
2
10:05
| Graphing Inequations
10:07
| Formulae (Part 1)
a true
a x < 1
4 3 2 1 0
V = x3
PRT
I = ----------100
c x3
h
A = --- (a + b)
2
d x 2
x1 + x2
x = ---------------2
2 1 0
y = 180 2x
A = 1--- bh
T = (n 2) 180
c true
b x>2
4 3 2 1 0
1 0
3
4
b x1
a x<2
a x < 9
c x 1
d x > 4
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
b x 2
5 4 3 2 1 0

Inequations 3
10:05
b false
10:08
1
| Formulae (Part 2)
| Solving Inequations
a x<3
2
b x>6
1
a A and D are the correct formulas. One way of deciding is to

b
c
2
3
a
b
a
substitute in n = 2. This should give p = 2.

11 posts
n must be an even number because the gaps between posts
are each 2 metreshence we have multiples of 2.
the weight of the adults on a flight
22 680 kg
$10.90
b 1.2r + 2.5 = 18.1
c T = 0.9r + 3
r = 13
a the number of days in the month

b $43.50
c 25.5 + 4.5m = 102
m = 17
d C = 0.95d + 3m
c x6
0
d x4
0
2
3
b x 3
b x 14
a x < 2
a x 2
c x 1
Inequalities with Negatives

(Extension)
1
a x > 4
6
ANSWERS
12
b x3
3 2 1 0
11:04
| Dividing a Quantity in a
Given Ratio
c x 1
4
d x > 4
6
b x3
a x<3
c x > 14
3
4
5
Chapter 11
Ratio, Rates and Scale Drawing 1

11:01 | Ratio
1
2
3
a
e
a
a
2:5
8:5
9:8
i 1:4
b 18 : 11
c 4 : 75
b 6 : 17
ii 4 : 1
c 8 : 23
1
--5
7
8
9
| Equivalent Ratios
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a
e
a
e
a
a
e
3:5
1:4
3:2
2:3
3:5
7:3
3:8
3 : 11
3:4
a 2:3
e 3 : 14
4:1
3:7
1 : 19
b
f
b
f
b
b
f
1:3
3:4
3:8
3:5
4:5
5:1
1:5
c 2:5
g 2:1
c 1:3
d 9:8
h 5:7
d 3:4
c 1:2
c 5:4
d 8:7
d 3:1
b 6:5
c 1:6
d 10 : 1
11:03
4
5
6
7
8
680 mL
75 km
20 minutes
210 sandwiches per hour
c 9.4 m
c 2.4 ha
| Scale Drawing
1200 cm = 12 m
b 1140 cm = 11.4 m
360 cm = 3.6 m
d 2.4 cm
2 cm
f 0.5 cm
2
4.5 cm by 2.5 cm or 45 mm by 25 mm
54 m by 30 m
There are 18 spaces along one side of the car park, which is
54 m; width of one space is 54 m 18 = 3 m
3 1.85 mm
4 a 215 km
b 65 km
1
| Using Ratio to Solve
| Rates
speed of a car: 80 km/h

wage rate: $18 per hour
petrol consumption: 8 L/100 km
cost of building: $1800/m2
$60
a 17 mL per minute
b
a 84 litres
b
a 21
b
c 210
d
a $125
b $800
a $7500 / ha
b $112 500
a 50 seconds
b 6 litres
11:06
c 22 cm, 66 cm
f $40.80, $27.20
28
$80
240 mL of oil, 960 mL of petrol
190
Naomi: $105 000; Martin: $63 000
35 minutes
$168
11:05
4
--5
b 15 kg, 25 kg
e 500, 2000
b 20 hours
d 6:5
Zap
11:02
a $20, $30
d $8, $4
a 5 hours
a
c
e
a
b
c
Problems
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
350 girls
a 15 litres of milk
a x=1
b x = 36
50 drivers
a 350 g
b 500 g
a 4%
b 200 litres
pizzas with olives: 73%
pizzas without olives: 27%
Chapter 12
b 4.8 litres of cream
c x=8
d x = 10
The Number Plane 1

12:01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
| Reading Maps
J
L
I
O
B
E
K
M
ANSWERS
13

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
N
A
F
C
G
D
H
12:04
| Graphing Straight Lines

(Part 1)
12:02
a x
| Co-ordinates and the Number

Plane
Coordinates (x, y)
(1, 0)
(0, 1)
(1, 2)
(2, 3)
y
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
4
E
1 2 3 4 5 6 x
6 5 4 3 2 1
1
D
2
3
4
F
5
A = (1, 3)
B = (3, 1)
C = (4, 2)
D = (3, 5)
E = (2, 0)
F = (5, 3)
G = (0, 6)
H = (0, 0)
3 a { A, B, C }
4 a star
5 false
y
8
a x
y
y
8
6
4
b { G, H, I }
c { D, E, F }
Fun Spot
It is not possible to draw an equilateral triangle whose corners lie
on a square grid with whole number coordinates.
b x
y
8
The Number Plane 2

12:03
| Introducing Straight-line
Graphs
2
0
a 1, 6, 11
a x
10
14
18
b x
12 9
y
3
4
a
e
a
d
false
false
y=x+6
y=6x
b 10, 8, 6
b true
c x
y
c true
d false
y
8
6
b y=x5
e y = 10x + 21
c y = 2x
f y = 3x + 5
4
2
0
ANSWERS
14

d x
y
12:06
1
y
8
6
| Further Graphing
Coordinates
(2, 3) (1, 0) (0, 1) (1, 0)
(2, 3)
y
4
2
2
0
x
4
4 x
a y = 2x + 2
12:04
1
b y = 2 x (or x + y = 2)
The Number Plane 3

Graphing Straight Lines
(Part 2)
a Time
(hours)
Battery current
(amps)
30
25
20
15
y
8
6
4
2
0
Point of intersection is (1, 3)
y
8
6
b&d
Battery current (amps)
28
(b)
24
20
16
12
(d)
8
Point of intersection is (2, 4))
4
1
c
a
e
f
g
3
4
5
Time (hours)
22.5 amps
d 6 hours
e C: B = 30 5t
$3
b $9
c $4.50
d 6 tickets
You can buy four tickets for $6.
B: (10, 15)
No, because the number of tickets must be a whole number
(you cant have two and a half tickets).
12:05
| Lines Parallel to the Axes
Chapter 13
Geometric Constructions and

Congruent Figures 1
13:01
| Geometric Constructions
1
C
x=1
y
x
y = 3
a: y = 1
b: x = 2
3 a false
4 a y=9
b false
b x = 2
c true
ANSWERS
15

2

9
a, b
C
R
G
c a kite
60
10
F
P

Congruent Figures 2
13:02
| Congruence and Translations
A, B, D and F
A: rotated
B: rotated
D: rotated
F: reflected
3 a rotation
b i K
ii H
c i JI
ii GL
1
2
M1
M2
4
P
P
Q
Fun Spot
ANSWERS
16
Exploring Tessellations (Extension)
10
10
10
60
60
20
13:04
| Constructing Congruent
Figures
a BCE, CDE, DAE

b BCA, CDA, DBC
Investigation: Polyominoes
Chapter 14
Statistics 1
14:01
| Collecting Data
a Any fault may not be in the first group of phone-lines; it
1
3
could be in the middle of the street, or anywhere.
b If people are at the dentist, they almost certainly can afford to

be there.
c They should survey from all people in NSW, not just people
in Newcastle.
4
d If people are in full-time work, they are unlikely to be at

home between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. He also needs to survey
people who do not have a phone.
B. This will choose an occupant at random. A disabled person
might be less likely to answer the door than others might.
a unrepresentativehaving a bicycle may help them carry a
heavier bag than those who walk, or might make them bring
a lighter bag than those who come by bus
b representative
c Year 8 probably have fewer books than more senior levels.
a False: over 10 000 replied, which is a large sample.
b true
c False: it is unlikely people would phone twice, and even if
they did, it would be unrelated to whether they said yes or
no.
d true
e Falsethis would be unrelated to whether they said yes or
no.
a This question has more than one meaning.
b It does not include all other alternatives such as SBS, Austar,
Foxtel etc.
c Most people would not remember.
a Terri should be asking the same questions each time.
b Please show your satisfaction with the service at your bank
by circling a number below.
2
3
5
a 27
b No, the formula is not correctthere are 35 different
hexominoes.

Congruent Figures 3
13:03
| Congruent Figures
a i CD
b i CDB
a AF
They must have the same centre angle, or the same arc length.
ii DA
ii BDA
b CDE
Fun Spot
c CBED
d ABE
very unsatisfied
2
unsatisfied
7
satisfied
10
very satisfied
2
2
2
4
2
4
ANSWERS
17
14:02
| Sorting Data
a Number of
b
c
a
c
12
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
16
21
10
26
54
Totals
13
mode
14
a 2
b 3
c 3. 3
d the mean, because the total number of people to cook for can
d 54 26 = 2.077 siblings per student
Frequency Value
5c
33
10c
49
$4.90
20c
80
$16.00
50c
35
$17.50
$1
71
$71.00
$2
23
$46.00
291
15
e the mode as this is the size table that will be most useful
a the mode
b the mean, the number of coins
16
7, 8, 8, 8, 9 (other answers are possible)
Fun Spot
12
$1.65
Statistics 4
14:04
1
b 5
c 22
d because 2 1--- is not at the end of one of these intervals
$157.05
c $157.05
a Total of docket
| Analysing Data (Part 1)
c 15
8.9
a 64.55
b 620.95
62 cents
691 kg
The school boy pack (combined weight of 496 kg) is heavier
than the adult pack (combined weight of 486 kg)
$34
a 61.2 seconds
b Eun-Wah
158 cm
a 35 cents
b $1.80
c the mean
a 54 minutes
b $2.80
a 2
b 26
b 16
Frequency
$0$9.99
$10$19.99
$20$29.99
$30$39.99
$40$49.99
$50$59.99
a Weight interval (kg)
| Analysing Data (Part 2)

b 45
| Grouped Data
a 4
19, 22
b 20, 10
range = 31, median = 49
range = 8, median = 6
range = 32, median = 34.5
a 5
e 2
be worked out from the mean
6 tickets
1 ticketthis number of tickets occurs most frequently
8
b 2
56this is the total number of houses
14:03
Statistics 3
14:03
b 291
Frequency
10
a Coin
a
a
b
c
Tally
tickets
0
Totals
siblings
Frequency
1822
2327
2832
3337
3842
4347
b 7
c
Frequency
Frequency x f
c Number of
Statistics 2
20
25 30
35 40
Weight of pumpkins
45 kg
ANSWERS
18
| The Dot Plot
14:05A
1
a 19

4
or arc
min
b 6
2
m
10
The driver should be included as well. Each column of dots

would move one space to the right.
4 a 7
b 1
c 41
3
ajo
r arc
d
major
sector
27 28
29 30
31 32
33 34
Statistics 5
14:05B
| The Scatter Diagram
a
b
c
d
Cindy is the youngest (6 years old).

Aaron is the tallest.
Bruce and Emma both have the same age.
In general, the older a child is, the taller they are.
2 In general, the taller a child is, the further they can long-jump.
3 a US$1700
b USA
c France
d any four from the Netherlands, Iceland, Belgium, Norway,
Luxembourg
e The higher GDP per person, the more that is spent on health
per person: rich countries spend more on health per person.
1
14:06
1
6
7
8
9
10
2
3
4
a
a
a
b
minor segment
35
Number of students in Year 8 classes
| Stem-and-leaf Plots
Scores in golf
tournament
89
113677
01234558
122
5
135
b 125.5
c 86
94
b 110
c 5
d 114
47.5 for, 56 against
i The team must have won the game in which it conceded
29 goals because it scored more than 29 in each of its
games.
ii 7
Chapter 15
15:02
| Parts of a Circle
a tangent
b segment
c radius
d arc
a region in a circle bounded by two radii and an arc
3 diameter
1
2
| Circumference of a Circle
113.1 cm
a 31.4 m
3 a 8m
1
b 16.7 cm
b 25.1 m
15:03
| Solving Problems Involving

Circumference
a 16.6 cm
b 6.3 m
circumference of pizza = 25 = 78.54 cm
curved edge of slice = 78.54 8 = 9.8 cm
straight edge of slice = 12.5 cm
perimeter = 9.8 + 12.5 + 12.5 = 34.8 cm
3 40.6 cm
4 circumference = 280 = 880 mm
three spokes = 3 140 = 420 mm
total length = 880 + 420 = 1300 mm
5 a 20.1 cm
b 41.7 cm
1
2
Circles and Cylinders 2

15:04
1
| Area of a Circle
a 79 m2
167.4 cm2
a 7 cm
4 110 m2
b 1750 m2
2
3
b 77 cm2
b 11 300 m2
a
120 m
Circles and Cylinders 1

15:01
Yes, a semicircle is both a sector and a segment.
area of plate without holes = 122 = 452.4 cm2

area of two holes = 2 12 = 6.3 cm2
area of plate = 452.4 6.3 = 446.1 cm2
7 228.5 cm2
8 1032 cm2
6
ANSWERS
19
15:05
1
| Volume of a Cylinder
a 50.27 m3
b 2601 cm3
34.6 cm
0.031 81 m3
4 9 times
2
3
Chapter 16
Similarity 1
16:01
1
| Scale Drawing
a 34 mm on the map, 680 m to walk

b 45 mm on the map, 900 m to walk
c 38 mm on the map, 760 m to walk
3 250 m = 750 m
38 km
b 14.4 km
13 km
d 4.5 cm or 45 mm
15 cm or 150 mm
f 9.1 cm or 91 mm
4
4.5 cm, 2.3 cm
b 90 m, 46 m
c 100 m
5
11.4 m
b 1350 cm
c 4.8 m by 4.5 m
6
60 m
b 67 m
2
3
a
c
e
a
a
a
16:02
1
| Making Scale Drawings
a 135 cm
c
cot
b 285 cm or 2.85 cm
desk
2
7.2 m
Similarity 2
16:03
O, U, S
A
3 a yes
| Similar Figures
1
2
16:04
1
2
3
a 4
a 3.6
a 2.9
16:05
b no
c yes
| Investigating Similarity
b 2.5
b 1.7
b 1.3
| Finding Unknown Sides of

Similar Figures
1
2
a
d
a
b
x = 10
b x = 44
c x = 27, y = 45
x = 75, y = 45
enlargement factor = 1.5, x = 13.5, a = 80
enlargement factor = 1.25, x = 37.5, y = 75, z = 62.5, a = 85,
b = 95
ANSWERS
20

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