Psych Final

2762
Surveys show that ______ is a common experience for close to half of

all children in the United States.
worry (True Answer )Correct
depression Incorrect
anxiety Incorrect
substance abuse Incorrect
2763
A large survey of parents and their children shows that parents:
believe children are more concerned about school than children are.
Incorrect
believe the greatest worry children have is about their physical
appearance. Incorrect
generally underestimate how worried their children are. (True
Answer )Correct
are unusually accurate in knowing about their children's worries.
Incorrect
2764
A particular concern among children and adolescents would be:
racism Incorrect
peer pressure to have sex Incorrect
bullying (True Answer )Correct
peer pressure to try alcohol Incorrect
2765
Childhood disorders for which there are no similar adult disorders are
called:
disruptive disorders. Incorrect
anxiety disorders. Incorrect
intellectual developmental disorder. Incorrect
elimination disorders. (True Answer )Correct
2766
For which of the following anxiety disorders would you expect the
childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern?
generalized anxiety disorder Incorrect
social anxiety disorder Incorrect
phobias (True Answer )Correct
obsessive-compulsive disorder Incorrect
2767
The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs of others
are different from theirs, or be able to anticipate future negative
events. Therefore:
the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult
symptoms. (True Answer )Correct
children do not experience phobias. Incorrect
a child cannot fully experience an anxiety disorder. Incorrect
anxiety is not diagnosed until adolescence. Incorrect
2768
Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep
difficulties, and stomach pain rather than cognitive ones, are MORE
characteristic of anxiety disorders:
that are appropriately treated by psychotropic medications.
Incorrect
in adolescents rather than in children. Incorrect
in children rather than in adults. (True Answer )Correct
in children of former generations rather than of the present
generation. Incorrect
2769
A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely
anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go
home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely:
agoraphobia Incorrect
bipolar disorder. Incorrect
dependent personality disorder. Incorrect
separation anxiety disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2770
A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with
school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay
home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnoses is that:
if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally
recover. Incorrect
separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, while school refusal
does not. Incorrect
in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school. Incorrect
school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fear,
and separation anxiety. (True Answer )Correct
2771
A child whose therapist asks her to draw pictures about her life, then
introduces games and stories to help the child work through her
conflicts and change her emotions and behavior is MOST likely
receiving:
cognitive therapy Incorrect
classroom therapy. Incorrect
insight therapy. Incorrect
play therapy. (True Answer )Correct
2772
Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are all
reasons to explain why:
postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal
boys. (True Answer )Correct
children of all ages have higher rates of depression than adults.
Incorrect
younger children have higher rates of depression than older

children. Incorrect
depression rates are higher than anxiety rates in children. Incorrect
2773
The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS
(Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) about treatment for
adolescent depression, produced three major surprises. Which of the
following is NOT true about the study's findings?
A combination of antidepressant medication and cognitivebehavioral therapy was most effective. Incorrect
Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a
placebo treatment. Incorrect
Antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive-behavioral
therapy alone. Incorrect
The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been
overemphasized and is not that significant. (True Answer )Correct
2774
Imagine a child who neglects studies, work, friends, and family in order
to be on the Internet. Which of the following about Internet addiction
disorder is FALSE?
There is no such diagnosis as Internet addiction disorder. (True
Answer )Correct
Exposure to vivid but imaginary experiences might impact brain
development in children. Incorrect
When deprived of the Internet, some of these children become
anxious or depressed. Incorrect
The Internet does not represent reality nor equip children for dealing
with reality. Incorrect
2775
Results from TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study)
BEST support which of the following conclusions?
Second-generation antidepressants should not be used with
adolescents because the risk for harm is too high. Incorrect
Treatment that works for one category of people may not be
effective for another category of people. (True Answer )Correct
Cognitive-behavior therapy alone is the best treatment for
adolescents. Incorrect
Cognitive-behavioral therapy cannot be used with adolescents
because of their cognitive limitations. Incorrect
2776
The MAIN concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in
children, and in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children
is:
the use of cognitive behavioral therapy. Incorrect
the use of family therapy. Incorrect
the use of adult medications. (True Answer )Correct
the use of psychodynamic therapy. Incorrect

2777
Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder
differ from adult patterns in that:
children display depression while adults generally do not. Incorrect
children display more symptoms of mania than adults do. Incorrect
a higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with the
disorder. Incorrect
children display rage and aggression rather than mania. (True
Answer )Correct
2778
Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis
for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this
concern by:
eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder.
Incorrect
creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation. (True
Answer )Correct
not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children reach
age 18. Incorrect
dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and
one without rage. Incorrect
2779
Which of the following is a qualified criminal justice professor MOST
likely to say?
The rate of crime among juveniles is almost evenly split between
boys and girls. Incorrect
The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different. (True
Answer )Correct
Fortunately, the overall rate of juvenile crime is declining.
Incorrect
Children are not labeled as delinquent until they reach the age of
13. Incorrect
2780
A child is openly hostile toward her parents. She argues with them
constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control her.
The diagnosis she is MOST likely to receive is:
conduct disorder. Incorrect
juvenile delinquency. Incorrect
oppositional defiant disorder. (True Answer )Correct
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Incorrect
2781
A child will not obey his mother. When threatened with punishment, he
swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house.
His outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost
completely unmanageable. This is an example of:

childhood schizophrenia. Incorrect
oppositional defiant disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2782
Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being
diagnosed with:
oppositional defiant disorder if they are prepubertal. Incorrect
oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal. (True Answer )
Correct
conduct disorder if they are prepubertal. Incorrect
conduct disorder if they are postpubertal. Incorrect
2783
A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting
neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive, and
has engaged in an increasing number of fights.
The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:
oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Incorrect
conduct disorder. (True Answer )Correct
antisocial personality disorder. Incorrect
2784
A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers
and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. Her
MOST likely diagnosis is:
conduct disorder. (True Answer )Correct
passive-aggressive disorder. Incorrect
2785
A child sneaks out of the home every now and then, and goes through
the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint.
These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder?
overt-destructive Incorrect
overt-nondestructive Incorrect
covert-destructive (True Answer )Correct
covert-nondestructive Incorrect
2786
That kid is pleasant enough, but will lie about practically anything,
even things that don't seem to matter much. This behavior MOST
closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder?
overt-nondestructive (True Answer )Correct
covert-destructive Incorrect
covert-nondestructive Incorrect
2787
At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to

learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite
leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. This
behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder?
overt-nondestructive Incorrect
covert-destructive Incorrect
covert-nondestructive (True Answer )Correct
2788
Relational aggression is a term used to describe a pattern of
aggression MOST common among:
girls diagnosed with conduct disorder. (True Answer )Correct
boys diagnosed with conduct disorder. Incorrect
boys diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect
girls diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect
2789
Carl is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes
advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to try to
stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism and ended
up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying:
juvenile delinquency. (True Answer )Correct
2790
A 16-year-old teenager has just been arrested for the third time for
shoplifting. He would MOST likely be labeled with:
juvenile delinquency. (True Answer )Correct
anxiety disorder. Incorrect
mood disregulation. Incorrect
2791
Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with:
genetic or hormonal predisposition. Incorrect
a history of child abuse. Incorrect
troubled parent?child relationships. (True Answer )Correct
poverty. Incorrect
2792
An intervention in which parents and their children who have been
diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and
rewarding desired behavior is called:
parent-interaction therapy. Incorrect
video modeling. Incorrect
parent management training. (True Answer )Correct
family-consequence sensitization. Incorrect
2793
My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do

you recommend? Of the following alternatives, your BEST answer is:
Video modeling works especially well with elementary school
children. Incorrect
Treatment foster care is best, as long as the program is well
established. Incorrect
Parent management training should work best. (True Answer )
Correct
Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation.
Incorrect
2794
Among the goals of parent-child interaction therapy are all of the
following EXCEPT:
helping parents set realistic goals for their child's behavior. Incorrect
teaching the child better skills. Incorrect
encouraging parents to not change how they act with their child.
(True Answer )Correct
teaching the parents to use fairer discipline practices. Incorrect
2795
The LEAST effective way to deal with conduct disorder is:
prevention programs. Incorrect
teaching children how to deal with their anger. Incorrect
having children live in juvenile training centers. (True Answer )
Correct
through family intervention. Incorrect
2796
Will that program really help? I keep hearing bad things about how
kids act once they leave. Based on research, the person who said this
would be MOST accurate if she or he were expressing reservations
about:
a juvenile training center. (True Answer )Correct
treatment foster care. Incorrect
problem-solving training. Incorrect
an Anger Coping and Coping Power Program. Incorrect
2797
Of the following, which is MOST likely to be successful as part of a
treatment foster care program?
family therapy with the foster parents followed by therapy with the
original parents Incorrect
meetings with school, parole, and probation officers if needed
Incorrect
training and treatment that involves the child, the foster parents,
and the biological parents. (True Answer )Correct
individual treatment with the child, followed by family therapy
Incorrect
2798
If your child is diagnosed with a conduct disorder, you could be

confident in providing all of the following treatments EXCEPT:
juvenile training centers. (True Answer )Correct
treatment foster care. Incorrect
anger coping programs. Incorrect
problem-solving skills training. Incorrect
2799
Perhaps the biggest problem facing school administrators who try to
deal with bullying is that:
so many students are involved in bullying incidents, it is hard to tell
who is dangerous. (True Answer )Correct
they really don't care, since bullying is such an unusual occurrence
in most schools. Incorrect
there is a very real possibility that the bullies will attack them, as
well as their student victims. Incorrect
students really don't rate bullying as a serious problem. Incorrect
2800
Imagine that you see a video on YouTube designed to encourage young
people who are gay and being bullied. It is probably part of a program
called:
Self-Defense is For Everyone. Incorrect
It Gets Better. (True Answer )Correct
How to Hide Your Orientation. Incorrect
What to Say to Your Parents. Incorrect
2801
A child is receiving problem-solving skills training as a treatment for
conduct disorder. You can be reasonably sure that:
stimulant drug (e.g., Ritalin) administration is recommended, but not
required. Incorrect
the child is a preschooler. Incorrect
the child is female. Incorrect
the interventions used are cognitive behavioral. (True Answer )
Correct
2802
A preadolescent child who has not received a clinical diagnosis
participates in a program designed to stop the development of an
antisocial pattern of behavior. MOST likely, that program is:
the Anger Coping and Coping Power Program. Incorrect
one that involves the use of stimulant drugs such as Ritalin.
Incorrect
Scared Straight. (True Answer )Correct
Parents and Children Anonymous. Incorrect
2803
Pat does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty
focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive
because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. These
symptoms MOST likely indicate:
a conduct disorder. Incorrect
school phobia with acting out. Incorrect
dyslexia with childhood anxiety. Incorrect
attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2804
A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and
include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering
questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat
squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?
Yes; it could be a diagnosis. Incorrect
No; the child's symptoms started at too young an age. Incorrect
No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting. (True Answer )
Correct
Yes; it could be, but only if the fidgeting is distracting to others.
Incorrect
2805
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is MORE common in ______ than
in ______.
boys; girls (True Answer )Correct
girls; boys Incorrect
adolescents; children Incorrect
adults; children Incorrect
2806
The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit / hyperactivity
disorder have been:
behavioral and drug therapies. (True Answer )Correct
group therapy and sociotherapy. Incorrect
behavioral and group therapy. Incorrect
insight therapy and cognitive therapy. Incorrect
2807
What would be the BEST answer to give to parents of a child recently
diagnosed with ADHD in response to their questions about what caused
it?
It is probably due to a brain malformation that can be corrected
with surgery. Incorrect
Family dysfunction and high levels of family stress cause ADHD.
Incorrect
It results from the reactions of others to a child who is just an
active child. Incorrect
Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several
factors. (True Answer )Correct
2808
Among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following EXCEPT:
abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage. (True Answer )

Correct
negative self-concept. Incorrect
dysfunctional families. Incorrect
high levels of stress. Incorrect
2809
The drug Ritalin is classified as a(n):
stimulant. (True Answer )Correct
depressant. Incorrect
tranquilizer. Incorrect
antidepressant. Incorrect
2810
What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment program? a
friend asks. Your BEST answer among the following alternatives is:
Psychodynamic therapy works best, with or without drugs.
Incorrect
Cognitive therapy outperforms even Ritalin. Incorrect
Drugs work best. (True Answer )Correct
Drugs, combined with behavior therapy, work best. Incorrect
2811
The latest research on the use of Ritalin to treat ADHD suggests which
of the following?
Research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost
exclusively on white American children. (True Answer
)Correct
Negative side effects are serious enough to discourage the use of
Ritalin among adolescents. Incorrect
Fortunately, Ritalin is not effective when used as a recreational
drug. Incorrect
Most ADHD children are better off if they are not treated with Ritalin.
Incorrect
2812
Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic
American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems
are:
about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but less likely to be
diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect
about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be
less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed
with ADHD. (True Answer )Correct
more likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be
2813
Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic

American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems
are:
less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, and less likely to receive
effective treatment. (True Answer )Correct
less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but more likely to receive
effective treatment. Incorrect
about equally likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but less likely to
receive effective treatment. Incorrect
more likely to be diagnosed for ADHD, but less likely to receive
effective treatment. Incorrect
2814
Of the following parents, the ones LEAST likely to have children who
receive effective treatment for ADHD are:
white Americans with private health insurance. Incorrect
African Americans with private health insurance. Incorrect
white Americans who are Medicaid-insured. Incorrect
African Americans who are Medicaid-insured. (True Answer )Correct
2815
Of the following reasons, the LEAST likely to contribute to the
differences between African Americans and white Americans in
receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is:
economic factors. Incorrect
social bias. Incorrect
stereotyping. Incorrect
differences in drug tolerance. (True Answer )Correct
2816
Two childrenone, African-American and the other, white American
display exactly the same symptoms of overactivity. What is MOST likely
to happen?
They will both be diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect
The white American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the African
American will be diagnosed with possibly a lower IQ or substance
abuse. (True Answer )Correct
The African American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the white
American will not be diagnosed with anything. Incorrect
Both will be diagnosed with ADHD, but it will be attributed to
medical causes for the white American and social causes for the
African American. Incorrect
2817
A 3-year-old child is wetting the bed at night. The bed-wetting
apparently is beyond the child's control. The BESTdiagnosis is:
enuresis. Incorrect
encopresis. Incorrect
no diagnosis in this case. (True Answer )Correct
2818
Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which of the following
criteria has been met?
The children have reached an age at which they are expected to
control their bodily functions. (True Answer )Correct
The children have a physical illness causing the disorder. Incorrect
The children have been taking medications that are causing the
disorder. Incorrect
The children hide the disorder from their parents. Incorrect
2819
Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old
now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend's house or go to
camp. His condition is called:
enuresis. (True Answer )Correct
noctural emission. Incorrect
2820
A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for the
bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving:
psychodynamic therapy for enuresis. Incorrect
psychodynamic therapy for encopresis. Incorrect
behavioral therapy for enuresis. (True Answer )Correct
behavioral therapy for encopresis. Incorrect
2821
One useful approach to treating enuresis employs:
stimulant drugs. Incorrect
operant conditioning. Incorrect
classical conditioning. (True Answer )Correct
2822
A child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a
sticker and praise from a parent. Later in the week, accumulated
stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. This child is
undergoing:
dry-bed training for enuresis. (True Answer )Correct
dry-bed training for encopresis. Incorrect
bell-and-battery therapy for enuresis. Incorrect
bell-and-battery therapy for encopresis. Incorrect
2823
A teenager's parents are down on her all the time. When they are not
criticizing her, they ignore her. This is an example of:
punishment. Incorrect
sexual abuse. Incorrect
parental discipline. Incorrect
psychological abuse. (True Answer )Correct
2824
You read a case study about a ten-year-old girl from a poor background
who was sexually abused. This case is:
common; girls from poor backgrounds are the most common victims
of sexual abuse. Incorrect
fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are
the most common victims of sexual abuse. (True Answer )Correct
uncommon; girls from wealthy backgrounds are the most common
victims of sexual abuse. Incorrect
very uncommon; boys from wealthy backgrounds are the most
common victims of sexual abuse. Incorrect
2825
If there were several Parents Anonymous groups in a city near you, you
could be sure that in that city:
children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were abusing
alcohol, were receiving help. Incorrect
children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were abusing
alcohol or any other drug, were receiving help Incorrect
parents whose children were physically or verbally abusing them
were getting help. Incorrect
parents who were themselves child abusers were receiving help.
2826
The MOST common and successful treatments for encopresis are:
medication and family therapy. Incorrect
behavioral and family therapy. Incorrect
bell and pad system. Incorrect
behavioral and medical treatments. (True Answer )Correct
2827
From which of the following pairs of disorders is a child MOST likely to
recover by adulthood?
autism spectrum and intellectual developmental disorders Incorrect
conduct disorder and specific learning disabilities Incorrect
ADHD and separation anxiety Incorrect
enuresis and encopresis (True Answer )Correct
2828
Your daughter is MORE likely than your son to be diagnosed with:
ADHD. Incorrect
autism. Incorrect
separation anxiety. (True Answer )Correct
2829
The child most likely to show the first symptom of autism spectrum
disorder would be a:
boy under 3 years old. (True Answer )Correct
girl under 3 years old. Incorrect
boy over 5 years old. Incorrect

girl over 5 years old. Incorrect
2830
A female child is diagnosed with autism. Later, as an adult, she is
unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her
case is:
very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are
males, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early
adulthood. Incorrect
uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.
uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
are females, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by
early adulthood. Incorrect
common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are
females, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.
Incorrect
2831
Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a
disorder of childhood. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis was,
what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the
disorder is autism spectrum disorder?
The child argues defiantly with parents. Incorrect
The child is not responsive to other people. (True Answer )Correct
The child screams uncontrollably when separated from parents.
Incorrect
The child is very active and finds it difficult to stay on task. Incorrect
2832
The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the
call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child
who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it,
MOST likely would be diagnosed with:
autism spectrum disorder. (True Answer )Correct
ADHD. Incorrect
mental retardation. Incorrect
oppositional defiant disorder Incorrect
2833
One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum
disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called:
echolalia. (True Answer )Correct
neologism. Incorrect
nominal aphasia. Incorrect
pronominal reversal. Incorrect
2834
When a child with autism spectrum disorder says You want a drink
when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying
self-stimulatory behavior. Incorrect
delayed echolalia. Incorrect
limited imagination. Incorrect
pronominal reversal. (True Answer )Correct
2835
A person who has difficulty with interpersonal interactions but is
otherwise high functioning and would have been diagnosed with
Asperger's disorder in the past, will now, in DSM-5, be diagnosed with:
Asperger's disorder; nothing has changed. Incorrect
autism spectrum sisorder. Incorrect
social communications sisorder. (True Answer )Correct
no disorder. Incorrect
2836
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if
an object is moved to a different part of the room. This is known as:
lack of responsiveness. Incorrect
communication difficulties. Incorrect
rigid and repetitive behavior. Incorrect
perserveration of sameness. (True Answer )Correct
2837
A child has autism spectrum disorder and does not like much variation
in his life. He puts his toys on a shelf in a particular order and throws a
tantrum if his mother moves any of them. Any one of several trivial
changes in his daily routine can set him off. This is an example of:
overstimulation. Incorrect
stimulus over selectivity. Incorrect
a self-stimulatory behavior. Incorrect
a perseveration of sameness. (True Answer )Correct
2838
When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps her arms,
twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual faces, the child is
engaging in:
self-injurious behavior. Incorrect
self-communication behavior. Incorrect
self-motor behavior. Incorrect
self-stimulatory behavior (True Answer )Correct
2839
The BEST way to characterize children diagnosed with autism spectrum
disorder is that they:
show disturbed and contradictory patterns of reactions to stimuli.
have low IQs and poor cognitive skills, but good social skills.
Incorrect
engage in excessive amounts of abstract play. Incorrect
appear to be exceptionally coordinated. Incorrect

2840
According to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that
other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on
information they have no way of knowing, is NOT present in children
with autism spectrum disorder. This ability is called:
egocentrism. Incorrect
a theory of mind. (True Answer )Correct
social awareness. Incorrect
metacognitive knowledge. Incorrect
2841
It is possible, even probable, that 'refrigerator parents'cold,
rejecting, rigidcaused this disorder. This is a reasonable statement
about the cause of many cases of:
autism. (True Answer )Correct
Asperger's disorder. Incorrect
both autism and Asperger's disorder. Incorrect
neither autism nor Asperger's disorder. Incorrect
2842
Research has shown that, during infancy and early childhood, autistic
children are MORE likely to:
have parents who divorce than are normal children. Incorrect
be raised in a family with financial difficulties than are normal
children. Incorrect
have cold, rejecting parents. Incorrect
None of the answers are true. (True Answer )Correct
2843
A child with autism is laughing, but sees another child crying. When
asked what the other child is feeling, the child with autism is MOST
likely to say:
sadness, because of perseveration of sameness. Incorrect
sadness, because of pronominal reversal. Incorrect
happiness, because of lack of responsiveness. Incorrect
happiness, because of mind-blindness. (True Answer )Correct
2844
Imagine that I just stubbed my toe and cried Ouch. A child with
autism, when asked if I was hurt, said, No, because he wasn't hurt.
This inability to take the perspective of another is referred to as:
excessive logic. Incorrect
self-stimulatory behavior. Incorrect
mind-blindness. (True Answer )Correct
sensory overload. Incorrect
2845
Which of the following statements reflects current research about the
biological causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
So far, researchers have found no biological causes for ASD.

Incorrect
The problem is much more likely to be with the brain's anatomy
rather than with brain functioning. Incorrect
There are probably multiple biological causes, leading to a common
brain problem. (True Answer )Correct
Neurotransmitter dysfunction explains problems in the cerebellum,
but not the brain stem. Incorrect
2846
The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary
causes of autism spectrum disorder include:
brain abnormalities. (True Answer )Correct
personality characteristics of the parents. Incorrect
social status. Incorrect
environmental stress. Incorrect
2847
Recent studies show that children with autistic spectrum disorder are
MORE likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section
of the brain?
cerebral cortex Incorrect
corpus callosum Incorrect
cerebellum (True Answer )Correct
hypothalamus Incorrect
2848
A person diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder listens to a piano
piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the piano piece
without the music, and without making a mistake. This behavior is best
described as a:
perseveration of sameness. Incorrect
repetitive and rigid behavior. Incorrect
delayed echolalia. Incorrect
savant skill. (True Answer )Correct
2849
Based on the MOST current research, we can conclude that:
MMR vaccinations are probably related to the incidence of autism.
Incorrect
MMR vaccinations are related to some, but not all of the cases of
autism. Incorrect
as parents have refused MMR vaccinations for their children, the
incidence of autism has declined. Incorrect
MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism.
2850
Studies of the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment
of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral
techniques can produce:
long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test

performance. (True Answer )Correct
only short-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test
performance. Incorrect
long-term gains in school achievement, but only short-term gains in
intelligence test performance. Incorrect
only short-term gains in school achievement, but long-term gains in
intelligence test performance. Incorrect
2851
Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment for autism
has been the use of:
drug therapy. Incorrect
cognitive-behavioral therapy. (True Answer )Correct
educational therapy. Incorrect
psychodynamic-humanistic therapy. Incorrect
2852
The LEAP program for treating children with autism spectrum disorder
is unique because it involves the use of:
reinforcement principles. Incorrect
medication. Incorrect
MMR vaccinations. Incorrect
typical children as models and teachers. (True Answer )Correct
2853
A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture of a fork on a
board rather than saying, I want food. This child is using:
a self-communication device. Incorrect
a token economy
system. Incorrect
an augmentative communication system. (True Answer )Correct
an integrative motor system. Incorrect
2854
What is the BEST educational treatment for a child with a serious level
of dysfunction on the autism spectrum?
mainstreaming and being in a typical classroom with other children
Incorrect
being in special classes that operate in the school district's own
facilities Incorrect
being sent to a special school that combines treatment and
education (True Answer )Correct
being home-schooled Incorrect
2855
If a child on the autism spectrum were being encouraged to engage in
child-initiated interactions, the child would be:
making statements that the therapist would repeat word for word.
Incorrect
using a communications board to make requests known. Incorrect
asking about things that were of particular interest to him or her.

engaging in play therapy with the child's parents. Incorrect
2856
Which one of the following people would MOST correctly be diagnosed
with intellectual developmental disorder?
one with an IQ of 85 and significant difficulty communicating
Incorrect
one with an IQ of 85 but no other significant difficulties Incorrect
one with an IQ of 65 but functioning well in life Incorrect
one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life (True Answer )
Correct
2857
If you were trying to learn a new language and you could understand it
better than you could speak it, you would be showing symptoms MOST
like:
dyslexia. Incorrect
developmental coordination disorder. Incorrect
receptive language disorder. Incorrect
expressive language disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2858
A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be expected
based on the measure of general intelligence is called:
dyslexia. (True Answer )Correct
perceptual deficit disorder. Incorrect
expressive language disorder. Incorrect
mixed receptive/expressive language disorder. Incorrect
2859
A child does well in some school subjects. However, the only way that
he can read is slowly, one word at a time. He must direct his gaze with
his index finger. Even with great effort, he makes many errors and has
poor comprehension. This is a description of:
aphasia. Incorrect
dyslexia. (True Answer )Correct
echolalia. Incorrect
word blindness. Incorrect
2860
The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include:
strikingly impaired mathematical skills. Incorrect
having difficulty comprehending and expressing language. Incorrect
an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to comprehend
what is being read. (True Answer )Correct
extreme and repeated errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and
paragraph organization. Incorrect
2861
A child displays normal behavior and intelligence, but she does not
seem to be able to explain her actions and intentions as well as you
would expect. If the deficit is severe enough, she might be diagnosed
with:
dyslexia. Incorrect
a perceptual deficit. Incorrect
attention-deficit disorder. Incorrect
an expressive-language disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2862
A child has received the diagnosis of developmental coordination
disorder. You would expect that he would have a problem:
expressing himself in speech. Incorrect
reading a sentence from a book out loud. Incorrect
buttoning his shirt and dressing in general. (True Answer )Correct
listening to a teacher explain how to do a mathematics
problem. Incorrect
2863
Fred has an IQ of 65 and cannot do schoolwork. He lives on the streets
by begging, is usually dirty, and is always hungry. He would MOST
likely be diagnosed with:
dyslexic. Incorrect
schizophrenic. Incorrect
mentally retarded. (True Answer )Correct
2864
Quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork.
However, he now lives on his own, has a job, and is able to perform the
routine chores of life. He would not be considered to have intellectual
developmental disorder because:
he is too old. Incorrect
his IQ is not low enough. Incorrect
his daily functioning is adequate. (True Answer )Correct
his condition was not diagnosed before the age of 18. Incorrect
2865
The use of IQ test results to diagnose intellectual developmental
disorder has been criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
They do not measure functioning at the low end of the scale
adequately. Incorrect
They are culturally biased. Incorrect
They do not measure adaptive functioning. Incorrect
They are not valid predictors of school performance. (True Answer )
Correct
2866
Intelligence test results should not be the only things used to
determine intellectual developmental disorder, because intelligence
test scores:
are not positively correlated with school performance. Incorrect

lack reliability. Incorrect
don't indicate level of adaptive behavior. (True Answer )Correct
lack validity. Incorrect
2867
What does it mean to say that intelligence tests are culturally biased?
They are biased in favor of those from middle and upper
socioeconomic levels who are exposed to the kinds of language and
typical experiences that the test evaluates. (True Answer )Correct
2868
Mild mental retardation is MOST common in which socioeconomic
class?
lower (True Answer )Correct
middle Incorrect
upper Incorrect
Mild mental retardation is about equally common across
socioeconomic classes. Incorrect
2869
About what percentage of those diagnosed with mental retardation fall
into the category of mild intellectual developmental disorder?
less than 10 percent Incorrect
25 percent Incorrect
80 to 85 percent (True Answer )Correct
2870
MOST cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder seem to be
related to:
inherited traits. Incorrect
sociocultural and psychological factors. (True Answer )Correct
fetal alcohol syndrome. Incorrect
organic brain syndrome. Incorrect
2871
Isabelle is born into a very poor family. Both parents have belowaverage IQs and are barely able to support and provide for themselves.
Isabelle's nutrition and health care have never been very good. She is
at risk for:
autistic spectrum disorder. Incorrect
mild intellectual developmental disorder. (True Answer )Correct
attention-deficit disorder. Incorrect
severe intellectual developmental disorder. Incorrect
2872
Early home intervention programs for those in the mild intellectual
developmental disorder category:
provide little help for children because of parental resistance.
Incorrect
improve overall functioning, but do not improve later performance in

school and in adulthood. Incorrect
do not improve overall functioning, but do improve later
performance in school and in adulthood Incorrect
improve both overall functioning, and later performance in school
and in adulthood. (True Answer )Correct
2873
The percentage of individuals at the four levels of intellectual
developmental disorder from mild to profound:
increases steadily as the intelligence level decreases. Incorrect
decreases steadily as the intelligence level decreases. (True
Answer )Correct
stays about the same as the intelligence level decreases. Incorrect
is highest for the moderate intellectual developmental disorder
level. Incorrect
2874
If one knew nothing more than that the person with intellectual
developmental disorder also had extensive and severe neurological
dysfunction and physical handicaps, the MOST likely estimate of that
person's level of mental retardation would be:
mild. Incorrect
mild or moderate. Incorrect
moderate or severe. Incorrect
severe or profound. (True Answer )Correct
2875
Children with multiple physical and neurological problems that
seriously limit their functioning are MOST likely to be diagnosed with
which level of intellectual developmental disorder?
mild Incorrect
moderate Incorrect
severe or profound (True Answer )Correct
They are likely to be diagnosed as having no intellectual
development disorder. Incorrect
2876
Biological factors are NOT the most important causes of which level of
intellectual developmental disorder?
profound Incorrect
moderate Incorrect
mild (True Answer )Correct
Biological factors are the most important causes of all of these
levels of mental retardation. Incorrect
2877
MOST diagnosed cases of Down syndrome are of the:
trisomy 21 type. (True Answer )Correct
mosaicism type. Incorrect
age-related type. Incorrect
translocation type. Incorrect

2878
Paula has moderate intellectual developmental disorder, a small head
and flat face, as well as a protruding tongue. Her condition is MOST
likely:
PKU. Incorrect
Down syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
Tay-Sachs disease. Incorrect
fragile X syndrome. Incorrect
2879
The most common of the identified chromosomal causes of Down
syndrome is:
trisomy 21. (True Answer )Correct
mosaicism. Incorrect
translocation. Incorrect
PKU. Incorrect
2880
Individuals with Down syndrome:
have a different range of personality characteristics just as do those
in the general population without Down syndrome. Incorrect
have a similar range of personality characteristics as do those in the
general population without Down syndrome. Incorrect
have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in
the general population without Down syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
have a range of personality characteristics similar to those of people
with fetal alcohol syndrome. Incorrect
2881
Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of
intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral
problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with:
trisomy 21. Incorrect
Down syndrome. Incorrect
phenylketonuria. Incorrect
fragile X syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
2882
An infant is diagnosed with a biological disorder. As she ages, her
physical and mental conditions deteriorate steadily so that she loses
vision and motor control, and at the age of 3, she dies. Most likely, she
was suffering from:
Tay-Sachs disease. (True Answer )Correct
fragile X syndrome. Incorrect
phenylketonuria (PKU). Incorrect
2883
Which of the following do phenylketonuria and Tay-Sachs disease have
in common?
Both can be detected at birth and treated. Incorrect

Both are caused by a double recessive gene. (True Answer )Correct
Both are metabolic defects involving an amino acid. Incorrect
People of Eastern European Jewish ancestry are at increased risk for
both. Incorrect
2884
An iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead to a
condition in which the baby has a dwarflike appearance and a
defective thyroid gland. This disorder is called:
cretinism. (True Answer )Correct
encephalitis. Incorrect
Tay-Sachs disease. Incorrect
2885
If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol
syndrome (FAS), what should she do?
avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant
has been established. (True Answer )Correct
avoid only binge drinking, since only binge drinking is associated
with FAS. Incorrect
drink no more than the equivalent of one ounce of alcohol per day.
Incorrect
drink no more than the equivalent of two ounces of alcohol
per day. Incorrect
2886
Most colleges and universities now require students to have a
meningitis vaccination before enrolling. Untreated meningitis can lead
to:
cretinism. Incorrect
autism. Incorrect
intellectual development disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2887
Anoxia, one possible source of intellectual developmental disorder,
involves brain damage resulting from:
ingestion of lead-based paint. Incorrect
lack of oxygen during or after delivery. (True Answer )Correct
poisoning from pesticides or fertilizer nitrates. Incorrect
seizures induced by inhalants or automobile exhaust fumes.
Incorrect
2888
In poor inner-city neighborhoods, children sometimes eat paint that is
flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to intellectual developmental
disorder due of:
meningitis. Incorrect
microcephaly. Incorrect
lead poisoning. (True Answer )Correct
2889
During the 1960s and 1970s, the criteria for remaining in state schools
changed, and many individuals with intellectual developmental
disorders were released into the community. This is an example of:
deinstitutionalization. (True Answer )Correct
a normalization program. Incorrect
mainstreaming. Incorrect
special education. Incorrect
2890
MOST children with intellectual developmental disorder live:
at home. (True Answer )Correct
in normalization residences. Incorrect
in relatively small, county-run institutions. Incorrect
in relatively large, state-run institutions. Incorrect
2891
Nations that pioneered normalization in the treatment of intellectual
developmental disorder include:
the United States and Canada. Incorrect
the former Soviet Union and China. Incorrect
Japan and Great Britain. Incorrect
Denmark and Sweden. (True Answer )Correct
2892
A woman is in a facility for those with intellectual developmental
disorder. She has her own apartment, dresses herself, and goes to the
dining room, where she orders breakfast off a menu. She then goes to
work in a sheltered workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to
her apartment and gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part of:
deinstitutionalization. Incorrect
a normalization program. (True Answer )Correct
special education. Incorrect
2893
A child is in public school, but he is grouped with other low-IQ children
like him. He and his classmates have a specially designed program that
is different from that of the other children in the school. This is MOST
likely an example of:
special education. (True Answer )Correct
deinstitutionalization. Incorrect
a normalization program. Incorrect
2551
Distinguish between the components of personality and the
components of personality disorder.

2552
Describe the three clusters of personality disorders. Additionally, list
and briefly describe the specific disorders that make up each cluster.
2553
What are the MOST important differences between the
odd/eccentric and the dramatic personality disorders? Include an
example of one specific disorder per category to support your answer.
2554
Why is psychotherapy so often ineffective in treating the odd
personality disorders? What suggestions, based on evidence, might
you make to maximize the chances of helping someone with an odd
personality disorder?
2555
One of the most common, and certainly most troubling of the
personality disorders is antisocial personality disorder. First, define
antisocial personality disorder. Second, outline other behavior patterns
with which this disorder is associated. Finally, suggest a course of
treatment for someone suffering from this disorder.
2556
Outline the similarities and differences between antisocial and
borderline personality disorder. Additionally, discuss treatment options
for both. Finally, discuss the reasons why these disorders are resistant
to psychotherapy.
2557
Take the perspective of both a psychodynamic and a cognitive
psychologist. First, how would they each explain the causes of
histrionic and narcissistic personality disorder? Additionally, suggest
general treatments for both disorders.
2558
Why does the DSM-5 have a category for anxious personality
disorders when there already exists a category for other types of
anxiety disorders? Justify the use of anxious personality disorders,
either by describing how obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
differs from obsessive-compulsive disorder, or describing how
dependent personality disorder differs from depressive disorder.
2559
What are some problems with using the DSM-5 to diagnose personality
disorders? Discuss two alternatives to DSM-5 diagnoses that are
receiving research attention today.
2560
The persistent and consistent personality characteristics that lead us
to react in fairly predictable ways are often called personality ______.
traits (True Answer )
*
2561
A pattern of inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that impair
social or occupational functioning and cause intense distress are
indicative of ______.
personality disorders (True Answer )
*
2562
If two disorders tend to occur together, we call the relationship ______.
comorbidity or comorbid (True Answer )
*
2563
Suspicion is a major symptom of ______ personality disorder.
paranoid, odd (True Answer )
*
2564
______ personality disorder is distrusting the motives of others.
Paranoid (True Answer )
*
2565
Individuals who are detached and reclusive, with no interest in
developing relationships, may experience ______ personality disorder.
schizoid (True Answer )
*
2566
John experiences ideas of reference and bodily illusions. MOST likely,
John has a ______ personality disorder.
schizotypal (True Answer )
*
2567
The drugs MOST likely to be used to treat the schizotypal personality
disorder are ______.
antipsychotics or neuroleptics (True Answer )
*
2568
Lev has a lifelong history of misconduct, including vandalism, fighting,
and a disregard for other peoples' rights. He fits the description of
someone with ______ personality disorder.
antisocial (True Answer )

*
2569
A con artist is MOST likely to suffer from a(n) ______ personality
disorder.
antisocial (True Answer )
*
2570
Impulsive behaviors and swinging in and out of depressed, anxious,
and irritable states are characteristic of the ______ personality disorder.
borderline (True Answer )
*
2571
Marcel has a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking.
He may be demonstrating a(n) ______ personality disorder.
histrionic (True Answer )
*
2572
A person who was overly indulged by his or her parents, received
excessive, unconditional parental valuation, and was not required to
follow rules or develop self-control is at risk
for developing ______ personality disorder.
narcissistic (True Answer )
*
2573
Social phobias may be related to ______ personality disorder.
avoidant (True Answer )
*
2574
Willa cannot do anything on her own and consults others, even on the
smallest decision. She is constantly in need of praise to validate her
work and is overly sensitive to any disagreement. She will do almost
anything to please others. She may be experiencing ______ personality
disorder.
dependent (True Answer )
*
2575
The characteristic of perfectionism and a striving for control are
associated with ______ personality disorder.
obsessive-compulsive (True Answer )
*
2576
According to the psychodynamic view, obsessive-compulsive
personality is related to fixation during the ______ stage.
anal (True Answer )
*
2577
A growing number of personality theorists believe that personality
disorders differ more in ______ than in ______ of dysfunction.
degree; type (True Answer )
*
2578
Many clinicians favor moving from a categorical to a(n) _____ approach
for diagnosis; a possible change in the next edition of DSM.
dimensional, degree (True Answer )
*
2579
Neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and
conscientiousness are all traits measured on the _______ approach.
Big Five (True Answer )
*
2580
The enduring pattern of inner thoughts and emotions along with
outward behavior that is unique to each individual is termed:
a trait. Incorrect
character. Incorrect
personality. (True Answer )Correct
individuality. Incorrect
2581
The consistencies of one's characteristics are called:
inherited characteristics. Incorrect
learned responses. Incorrect
personality traits. (True Answer )Correct
personality typologies. Incorrect
2582
What differentiates normal personality characteristics from personality
disorders?
the specific characteristics Incorrect
the degree of inflexibility and maladaptiveness Incorrect
the length of time one possesses the characteristics Incorrect
All the answers are correct. (True Answer )Correct
2583
The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed
in the text is that:
disorders of thought, perception, and attention are present.
Incorrect
the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness.
Incorrect
they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning
or distress. (True Answer )Correct
they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting
relationships with other people. Incorrect
2584
DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality
disorders utilizing a:
systematical approach. Incorrect
categorical approach. (True Answer )Correct
dimensional approach. Incorrect
phrenological approach. Incorrect
2585
All of the following are criticisms of DSM-5 diagnoses of personality
disorders EXCEPT:
the reliability of the diagnosis. Incorrect
the validity of the diagnosis. Incorrect
distinguishing one personality disorder from another personality
disorder. Incorrect
incorporating new research into the new edition. (True Answer )
Correct
2586
One reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is that
the afflicted individuals:
enjoy their symptoms and do not seek change. Incorrect
are frequently unaware that they have a problem. (True Answer )
Correct
experience no distress and do not want treatment. Incorrect
have accompanying mood disorders that must be treated first.
Incorrect
2587
Comorbidity means that:
one disorder may develop into another. Incorrect
one disorder automatically implies the other. Incorrect
two disorders may occur together in an individual. (True Answer )
Correct
the appearance of one disorder implies the disappearance of the
one that preceded it. Incorrect
2588
Personality disorders are categorized into three main clusters that
include all of the following EXCEPT:
odd. Incorrect
dramatic. Incorrect
anxious. Incorrect
schizophrenic. (True Answer )Correct
2589
Which of the following would a phrenologist MOST likely have done?
assessed personality by feeling for bumps and indentations on the
head (True Answer )Correct
argued that personality disorders should not be categorized
according to symptoms Incorrect
treated personality disorders using didactic behavioral therapy

Incorrect
criticized the validity and reliability of personality disorders in DSM
Incorrect
2590
The categorical approach to personality disorders assumes that:
problematic personality traits are either present or absent. (True
Answer )Correct
personality disorders are best understood on a continuum based on
severity of symptoms. Incorrect
individuals can turn their symptoms off and on like a light switch.
Incorrect
children as well as adults should be diagnosed with personality
disorders. Incorrect
2591
Based on a structured interview, Diagnostician A classifies an
individual's personality disorder in the odd cluster. Based on another
structured interview of the same type, Diagnostician B classifies an
individual's personality disorder in the dramatic cluster. If what is
described here is typical of what happens when that variety of
structured interview is used, one would say the structured interview
has:
high reliability and high validity. Incorrect
high reliability and low validity. Incorrect
low reliability and high validity. Incorrect
low reliability and low validity (True Answer )Correct
2592
If you believe that personality disorders are BEST understood as a
matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a
specific diagnosis, you agree with:
the dimensional approach. (True Answer )Correct
the categorical approach. Incorrect
the symptomatic approach. Incorrect
the cluster approach. Incorrect
2593
How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics
of typical people?
They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors.
They include personality traits not experienced by typical people.
Incorrect
They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic
They are caused by epigenetic processes. Incorrect
2594
An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality

disorder. That individual is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who
has:
schizophrenia. (True Answer )Correct
one of the paraphilias. Incorrect
alcoholism. Incorrect
2595
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate, in terms of
current research findings?
Odd personality disorders cause schizophrenia. Incorrect
Odd personality disorders are caused by schizophrenia. Incorrect
Odd personality disorders and schizophrenia are related to one
another. (True Answer )Correct
Odd personality disorders and schizophrenia are not related to
one another. Incorrect
2596
The category of odd personality disorders includes the traits of:
anxiety and fearfulness. Incorrect
being highly dramatic, emotional, or erratic. Incorrect
inflexibility and total loss of contact with reality. Incorrect
extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and
perceptual peculiarities. (True Answer )Correct
2597
Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats.
Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He
finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him.
Reese displays the characteristics of:
avoidant personality disorder. Incorrect
paranoid personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
narcissistic personality disorder. Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Incorrect
2598
It is clear that very demanding parents caused this person to develop
paranoid personality disorder. This statement MOST likely would be
made by someone from which of the following theoretical
perspectives?
cognitive Incorrect
behavioral Incorrect
sociocultural Incorrect
psychodynamic (True Answer )Correct
2599
According to current research, if a person living in the United States is
distrustful of both lawyers and congressional members, that type of
person is:
rare: such distrust defines those with paranoid personality disorder.

Incorrect
rare: such distrust defines those with schizotypal personality
disorder. Incorrect
uncommon: great distrust of congressional members but not great
distrust of lawyers defines those with paranoid personality disorder.
Incorrect
common: most people in the United States distrust both lawyers and
congressional members. (True Answer )Correct
2600
A person experiencing paranoid personality disorder frequently says
things like You've got to get them before they get you, and People
have been sinners since the Garden of Eden. If these sayings reflect
maladaptive assumptions the person has about people in general, the
theorist who would be LEAST surprised would have which theoretical
position?
cognitive (True Answer )Correct
biological Incorrect
psychodynamic Incorrect
2601
Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of paranoid
personality disorder is MOST accurate?
Drug therapy generally works best. Incorrect
Psychodynamic therapy involving hypnotic regression is often
effective. Incorrect
Behavioral therapy usually works well, and in relatively few sessions.
Incorrect
Most therapies are of limited effectiveness and progress slowly.
2602
One similarity of those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and
those experiencing schizoid personality disorder is that they tend:
not to have close ties to others. (True Answer )Correct
to distrust others. Incorrect
to be described by others as arrogant and angry. Incorrect
not to score well on typical intelligence tests. Incorrect
2603
The schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality
disorder in that:
those with schizoid personality disorder seek close affiliations with
others, while those with paranoid personality do not. Incorrect
paranoid personality disorder is treatable only through drug therapy;
schizoid personality can be treated with psychotherapy. Incorrect
women are more likely to have schizoid personality disorder than
paranoid personality disorder; the opposite is true for men. Incorrect
those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those

with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness. (True
Answer )Correct
2604
Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with
other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be
without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting:
schizoid personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
paranoid personality disorder. Incorrect
histrionic personality disorder. Incorrect
2605
The theorist who describes schizoid personality disorder as developing
from coping with parental rejection by avoiding relationships
represents the:
cognitive perspective, Incorrect
behavioral perspective. Incorrect
existential perspective. Incorrect
psychodynamic perspective. (True Answer )Correct
2606
The parents of those with schizoid personality disorder are MOST likely
to have been:
responsive. Incorrect
accepting. Incorrect
unaccepting. (True Answer )Correct
available. Incorrect
2607
A person who is LEAST likely to be affected by criticism or praise from
other people is one suffering from:
schizoid personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2608
An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports
having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel, and as a
child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. These findings
would make the MOST sense to a theorist with which background?
2609
Cognitive theorists believe that because of their difficulty scanning the
environment, perceiving accurately, and picking up emotional cues,
those with schizoid personalities develop ______ very slowly.
language and motor skills (True Answer )Correct

secondary sex characteristics Incorrect
allergies and other medical problems Incorrect
thinking disorders Incorrect
2610
There is a new game called Moods where one acts out the mood
listed on a card. Being encouraged to play this game is most like the
treatment _____ might use for those with schizoid disorders.
psychoanalytic therapists Incorrect
cognitive therapists (True Answer )Correct
behavioral therapists Incorrect
biological therapists Incorrect
2611
The type of therapy that generally provides the least help for those
with schizoid personality disorder is:
behavioral. Incorrect
drug. (True Answer )Correct
cognitive. Incorrect
None of the other alternatives provide help for those with schizoid
personality disorder. Incorrect
2612
Schizotypal personality disorders differ from other odd personality
disorders in that they are related to schizophrenia and:
stress disorders. Incorrect
mood disorders. (True Answer )Correct
2613
When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks
that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day
and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable
personality disorder, it is MOST likely:
schizoid personality disorder. Incorrect
schizotypal personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2614
A belief that the news anchor on CNN is giving one important
messages about one's behavior reflects:
bodily illusions. Incorrect
ideas of reference. (True Answer )Correct
backward masking. Incorrect
2615
Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied
by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of:

2616
The disorder that appears to be MOST closely related to the schizotypal
personality disorder is:
anxiety. Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive disorder. Incorrect
2617
A person who does poorly on a task called backward masking is MOST
likely to be experiencing:
borderline personality disorder. Incorrect
2618
A client has enlarged brain ventricles and a measurable loss of gray
matter. These symptoms are:
psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is
schizotypal personality disorder. Incorrect
psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is
biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality
disorder. (True Answer )Correct
biological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality
disorder. Incorrect
2619
Characteristics of the Virginia Tech shooter reveal that he:
fit the diagnostic category of histrionic personality disorder.
Incorrect
displayed a combination of features from many personality
disorders. (True Answer )Correct
did not fit any of the personality disorders. Incorrect
did not appear to have a mental disorder. Incorrect
2620
As part of their therapy, clients learn to evaluate their unusual
thoughts, track the accuracy of magical predictions, and reconnect
with the world and with their limitations. The diagnoses of these clients
would MOST likely be in which of the following broad categories of
dependent Incorrect
dramatic Incorrect
anxious Incorrect
odd (True Answer )Correct

2621
Should drugs be used in the treatment of schizotypal personality
disorder?
Maybe; in low doses, they seem to help some clients. (True Answer )
Correct
Maybe; in high doses, they seem to help some clients. Incorrect
Yes; in low doses, they seem to help practically all clients. Incorrect
Yes; in high doses, they seem to help practically all clients. Incorrect
2622
Which category of personality disorder contains the disorders MOST
commonly diagnosed?
odd Incorrect
dramatic (True Answer )Correct
anxious Incorrect
There are no clear differences among the categories in terms of
frequency of diagnosis. Incorrect
2623
An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has
been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If
the adult has received a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis, it is MOST likely either:
schizotypal personality disorder or a stress disorder. Incorrect
schizotypal personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.
Incorrect
antisocial personality disorder or a stress disorder. Incorrect
antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder. (True
Answer )Correct
2624
A friend of yours says, A 15-year-old high schooler accused of
shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial
personality disorder. Your MOST accurate reply would be:
Yes, that kind of behavior often is associated with that diagnosis.
Incorrect
I don't think so; those with that diagnosis seldom engage in
criminal activity. Incorrect
Yes, and I'll bet that wasn't the only diagnosis, either. Incorrect
No; the kid is too young for that diagnosis. (True Answer )Correct
2625
Cruelty to animals and people, destruction of property, and truancy
before the age of 15:
may be best diagnosed as antisocial personality disorder. Incorrect
are characteristic of those later diagnosed with antisocial
personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
predict later antisocial disorder with virtual certainty. Incorrect
seem unrelated to antisocial personality disorder. Incorrect
2626
Which of these well-known people appears to have displayed

symptoms of antisocial personality disorder?
Mitt Romney Incorrect
Bernie Madoff (True Answer )Correct
Bill Clinton Incorrect
Martha Stewart Incorrect
2627
Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a
large town meeting and made a presentation of his stock. The shares
were only $5 each, and everyone could afford them. He showed
pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to
gross $100 million each month. As it turns out, he was a terrific con
artist who had made several successful proposals such as this in
towns across America in the last couple of years. He is MOST likely
suffering from:
antisocial personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2628
Which of the following statements is NOT generally true of those with
antisocial personality disorder?
They lie very frequently. Incorrect
They are careless with money, and often do not pay their debts.
Incorrect
They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's.
They have little regard for their own safety or the safety of others.
Incorrect
2629
Sarah respects none of society's boundaries and is insensitive to other
people, frequently violating their rights. She does not consider the
consequences of her actions. She MOST probably experiences:
antisocial personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2630
A friend says to you, He must have antisocial personality disorder;
look how careful he is about his own well-being, but how careless he is
about others' safety. Your MOST accurate reply would be:
You're right; those are classic characteristics of antisocial
personality disorder. Incorrect
You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality
disorder are careful about the safety of family members. Incorrect
You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality

disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of
others. (True Answer )Correct
You've got it backwards; most people with antisocial personality
disorder are careless of their own safety, but show at least some
concern for others' safety. Incorrect
2631
If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a
typical example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have
the character exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:
incessant lying. Incorrect
periods of very high anxiety. (True Answer )Correct
persistent violation of others' rights. Incorrect
lack of conscience after committing crimes. Incorrect
2632
Which of the following statements BEST represents current knowledge
about mass murderers?
The mental health field has a clear understanding of what causes
mass murderers to behave as they do. Incorrect
We really don't know what causes mass murderers to act or how to
treat them. (True Answer )Correct
We know how to treat mass murderers effectively; we just don't
have the funds to offer treatment to all who need it. Incorrect
The focus of the field is more on the feelings of mass murderers
than on their diagnoses. Incorrect
2633
Which of the following marks an individual as a pseudocommando?
wearing combat fatigues while committing mass murder Incorrect
expecting to be killed while committing mass murder (True Answer )
Correct
forcing others to engage in mass murder Incorrect
previously serving as a member of the military in a noncombat zone
Incorrect
2634
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of mass murderers?
a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder Incorrect
previous imprisonment Incorrect
feelings of persecution and desire for revenge (True Answer )Correct
being under the influence of illegal substances while killing Incorrect
2635
The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and
substance abuse means that:
substance abuse causes individuals to develop antisocial personality
disorder. Incorrect
antisocial personality disorder causes individuals to abuse
substances. Incorrect
there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial
personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
if individuals stop abusing substances, their antisocial personality
disorder will be cured. Incorrect
2636
The two childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial
personality disorder are:
depression and withdrawal. Incorrect
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Incorrect
conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (True
Answer )Correct
2637
The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the
use of power to form relationships. This is most likely a _____
personality disorder.
cognitive Incorrect
2638
The fact that children may learn antisocial behavior by modeling
parental conflict and aggressiveness provides support for:
psychodynamic theory. Incorrect
behavioral theory. (True Answer )Correct
both psychodynamic and behavioral theories. Incorrect
neither psychodynamic nor behavioral theories. Incorrect
2639
A young boy is constantly told by his parents to Be a man!
whenever he is in conflict with friends. In turn, his parents themselves
often act aggressively toward each other, and toward him. The theorist
who would be BEST able to explain an adult diagnosis of antisocial
personality disorder for this boy would be a ______ theorist.
behavioral (True Answer )Correct
cognitive Incorrect
2640
Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may
inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the
scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. This is
most like a ______ disorder.
cognitive Incorrect
2641
Biologically speaking, if one wanted to treat antisocial personality
disorder, one would want to ______ the individual with the disorder.
reduce the degree of interpersonal sensitivity in Incorrect
identify those who are modeling antisocial personality disorder for
Incorrect
increase the anxiety level of (True Answer )Correct
decrease the rewards available for the antisocial behavior in
Incorrect
2642
Assume a study of prison inmates diagnosed with antisocial personality
disorder shows that they generally experience less anxiety than other
people when they lie or con others. This outcome would most
strongly support which theoretical position?
cognitive Incorrect
biological (True Answer )Correct
2643
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding antisocial
Most who have it are not treated, and most who are treated are not
helped much. (True Answer )Correct
Most who have it are not treated, but most who are treated are
helped substantially. Incorrect
Most who have it are treated, but most who are treated are not
helped much. Incorrect
Most who have it are treated, and most who are treated are helped
substantially. Incorrect
2644
An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally
unstable, impulsive, and reckless. This person's diagnosis is likely to be
which of the following personality
disorders?
borderline (True Answer )Correct
schizotypal Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive Incorrect
avoidant Incorrect
2645
There's nothing out there for me. I can't stand other people, and I
can't stand myself, either. I'm just really mad right now. Such a
statement would most likely be made by someone with which
antisocial Incorrect
narcissistic Incorrect
paranoid Incorrect
2646
That personality disorder has become so common, I encounter it
almost every day in the emergency room. MOST likely, this doctor is
talking about which personality disorder?
schizoid Incorrect
avoidant Incorrect
2647
Lisa felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and
empty. Lisa's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with:
borderline personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2648
What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with
borderline personality disorder?
They may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves. (True
Answer )Correct
They finally cannot care for themselves. Incorrect
They voluntarily ask for hospitalization, out of desperation. Incorrect
They are so afraid of leaving their homes that they suffer social
paralysis. Incorrect
2649
Transported to the hospital after a suicide attempt, a man is later
admitted to the hospital's psychiatric wing. His history showed other
self-destructive behaviors and recklessness. MOST likely, if the man is
diagnosed with a personality disorder, it will be:
paranoid. Incorrect
avoidant. Incorrect
narcissistic. Incorrect
borderline. (True Answer )Correct
2650
Studies of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder show
that:
less than half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and almost
none succeed. Incorrect
less than half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and over 5
percent succeed. Incorrect
over half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and almost
none succeed. Incorrect
over half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and about 10
percent succeed. (True Answer )Correct
2651
A therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality

disorder came up with the following analysis: the parents probably did
not want children in the first place; the child just was not accepted; the
child developed low self-esteem, dependency, and an inability to cope
with separation. The therapist's theoretical orientation is probably:
biological. Incorrect
object relations theory. (True Answer )Correct
cognitive-behavioral theory. Incorrect
2652
Gort's parents never quite liked him, probably did not want children in
the first place. He just was not accepted. It was clear early in school
that Gort had a low opinion of himself and did not know how to interact
with the other children. Now he cuts himself and has been to the ER
several times. This is a description of the possible development of:
2653
Which of the following has experienced triggering?
an individual who posts YouTube videos of himself biting and cutting
himself Incorrect
an individual who commits suicide by shooting himself while
someone else films it Incorrect
an individual who is prompted to injure himself intentionally after
watching someone else do it (True Answer )Correct
an individual who engages in intentional self-injury but encourages
others not to do so Incorrect
2654
If an individual has damage to the prefrontal cortex, which of the
following symptoms would MOST likely be observed?
fear and other negative emotions Incorrect
a thought disorder Incorrect
odd but imaginative language Incorrect
deficits in planning, self-control, and decision making (True Answer )
Correct
2655
Which of the following have sociocultural theorists suggested as a
cause for the emergence of borderline personality disorder?
rapid social change (True Answer )Correct
traditional family structures Incorrect
clinging and dependent parents Incorrect
nontraditional family structures Incorrect
2656
Which of the following would MOST clearly fit into the biosocial theory
of the development of borderline personality disorder?
an individual who has deficits in the functioning of both the
amygdala and the prefrontal cortex Incorrect
an individual who has family members who display many of the
symptoms of borderline personality disorder Incorrect
an individual who engages in self-injurious behavior while under the
influence of illegal substances Incorrect
an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and
parents who mislabel those emotions (True Answer )Correct
2657
The inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological emotional
or physiological states is characteristic of both:
schizophrenia and schizoid personality disorder. Incorrect
a mass murderer and self-injurious behavior. Incorrect
odd and dramatic personality disorders. Incorrect
borderline personality disorder and eating disorders. (True Answer )
Correct
2658
That's it! says your friend, the psychotherapist. I can't work with
that client. As soon as I show any empathy at all, it becomes almost
impossible to challenge the client, and the client keeps calling me at all
hours of the day. MOST likely, this is a client with:
2659
What aspect of dialectical behavior therapy relates to psychodynamic
theory?
the emphasis on anal retention Incorrect
the emphasis on social skills training Incorrect
the emphasis on multicultural influences on behavior Incorrect
the emphasis on the patienttherapist relationship. (True Answer )
Correct
2660
A friend asks your advice about the MOST effective therapy to use for
treating borderline personality disorder. Your BEST answer is:
?There is no effective therapy for borderline personality disorder.?
Incorrect
?If you're going to use a psychodynamic approach, avoid relational
therapy.? Incorrect
?Using drugs is a safe, effective way to treat the disorder.? Incorrect
?Research suggests that dialectical behavior therapy is the most
effective.? (True Answer )Correct
2661
When dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline

personality disorder, those patients, compared to patients receiving
other forms of therapy, make:
far fewer suicide attempts, and are hospitalized less often. (True
Answer )Correct
far fewer suicide attempts, but are hospitalized about as often.
Incorrect
about the same number of suicide attempts, but are hospitalized
less often. Incorrect
about the same number of suicide attempts, and are hospitalized
about as often. Incorrect
2662
Dr. Marsha Linehan, the developer of dialectical behavior therapy,
would have diagnosed her young adult self with:
dependent personality disorder. Incorrect
2663
A patient receiving dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline
personality disorder experiences an emotion that he or she realizes is
inappropriate. Immediately after, the patient acts in a very different,
appropriate, way. This DBT procedure is called:
reactive correction. Incorrect
counterbalancing. Incorrect
opposite action. (True Answer )Correct
fine tuning. Incorrect
2664
Dialectical behavior therapy emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT:
social skills training. Incorrect
mindfulness meditation (a Zen technique involving observing one's
emotions). Incorrect
the client-therapist relationship. Incorrect
the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting. (True
Answer )Correct
2665
A therapist states, I seldom use drugs when I treat clients with
borderline personality disorder. The therapist MOST likely says this
because:
the risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to
overdose. (True Answer )Correct
in most cases, drugs seem to make aggressiveness even worse.
Incorrect
in most cases, drugs seem to make emotional outbursts even more
extreme. Incorrect
the therapist is unaware that drugs are always used in combination

with dialectical behavior therapy, the most effective therapy for those
with borderline personality disorder. Incorrect
2666
A client is searching for the BEST treatment for borderline personality
disorder. Will drug treatment be effective if it is the only intervention
the client receives?
Yes; drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy,
and are less expensive. Incorrect
Yes; drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy,
but are expensive. Incorrect
Maybe; but only if the client is nonsuicidal. Incorrect
No; they should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all.
2667
Beatlemania gripped the United States in the 1960s when the
British rock group The Beatles performed; adoring fans screamed,
sometimes fainted, and shouted exaggerated, emotional praise at the
group. These behaviors MOST closely resemble the characteristics of:
histrionic personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2668
You had one eye in the mirror as you watched yourself/You're so
vain, you probably think this song is about you/You're so vain sang
Carly Simon in the 1973 #1 hit, You're So Vain. If the subject of the
song were diagnosed with a personality disorder, which of the following
would be the MOST likely diagnosis?
histrionic (True Answer )Correct
schizoid Incorrect
schizotypal Incorrect
2669
When the seat belt light in DiDi's car stays on for a few extra seconds,
she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even
the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably
could receive a diagnosis of:
obsessive personality disorder. Incorrect
histrionic personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2670
A person constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas
the person so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and
changeable. If this person were diagnosed with a personality disorder,

it MOST likely would be:
histrionic. (True Answer )Correct
borderline. Incorrect
antisocial. Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive. Incorrect
2671
The problem is that they assume they can't take care of themselves,
so they think others have to meet their needs. This pattern of thinking
is not very helpful in trying to deal with histrionic personality disorder.
A psychologist from which of the following perspectives would agree
MOST strongly with this quote?
2672
The type of therapist MOST likely to try to help people diagnosed with
histrionic personality disorder to believe they are not helpless, and to
teach them better thinking skills, is a ______ therapist:
2673
I am the greatest! a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he
in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest,
the most appropriate diagnosis would be:
narcissistic personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
impulse-control personality disorder. Incorrect
2674
The personality disorder that is characterized by the need for undying
love and admiration is:
borderline. Incorrect
histrionic. Incorrect
narcissistic. (True Answer )Correct
schizotypal. Incorrect
2675
Ty is fairly handsome, but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He
doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone
around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing:

2676
The flower children of the 1960s and 1970s have sometimes been
called the me generation, reflecting the supposed self-centered
individualism of the time. If this is true, a sociocultural theorist would
predict a larger than usual percentage of which kind of personality
disorder among the aging me generation?
narcissistic (True Answer )Correct
obsessive-compulsive Incorrect
dependent Incorrect
2677
Behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop
narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated:
too positively in early life. (True Answer )Correct
too negatively in early life. Incorrect
either too positively or too negatively in early life. Incorrect
ambiguously and neglectfully in early life. Incorrect
2678
You might suspect an era of narcissism is approaching for a country
when:
there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and
competitiveness. (True Answer )Correct
preferences in women's and men's clothing undergo substantial
shifts. Incorrect
there is a decline in materialism and individualism. Incorrect
the sale of inspirational DVDs, books, and tapes suddenly
increases. Incorrect
2679
Assume you have to give an in-class presentation about narcissistic
personality disorder. What is the MOST accurate thing you can say
about treatment for this disorder?
Cognitive therapy works best. Incorrect
Behavioral therapy works best. Incorrect
Psychodynamic therapy works best. Incorrect
No form of therapy is clearly better than the others. (True Answer
)Correct
2680
A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge
weaknesses, and ignores feedback. MOST likely, the client is
experiencing:
schizoid personality disorder, and will not make much progress in
therapy. Incorrect
schizoid personality disorder, and will make a great deal of progress
in therapy. Incorrect
narcissistic personality disorder, and will not make much progress in

therapy. (True Answer )Correct
narcissistic personality disorder, and will make a great deal of
progress in therapy. Incorrect
2681
Like those with paranoid personality disorder, those with avoidant
personality disorder usually:
are very sensitive to criticism. Incorrect
avoid close relationships. Incorrect
are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships. (True
Answer )Correct
are indifferent to criticism and seek out close relationships. Incorrect
2682
Elena can't seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being
embarrassed or appearing foolish. She is easily hurt by criticism and is
not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. She may be experiencing:
avoidant personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2683
Avoidant personality disorder seems MOST closely related to:
schizophrenia. Incorrect
social anxiety. (True Answer )Correct
mania. Incorrect
eating disorders. Incorrect
2684
If a person primarily fears close social relationships, one would MOST
likely conclude that the person is experiencing:
social phobia. Incorrect
avoidant personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
both social phobia and avoidance personality disorder. Incorrect
a personality disorder from the dramatic cluster. Incorrect
2685
According to psychodynamic theorists, an important factor in the
development of avoidant personality disorder is:
an early sense of guilt. Incorrect
early experiences of shame. (True Answer )Correct
lack of development of trust. Incorrect
an inability to express anger. Incorrect
2686
A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase
the number of social contacts per day. The person, at the least, must
greet others with the sentence, Hello; how are you doing? MOST
likely, the therapist has which theoretical background?
cognitive Incorrect
2687
Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant
personality disorder MAINLY because group therapy:
allows those in the group to see that others have avoidant
personality disorder, too. Incorrect
involves an eclectic combination of theoretical approaches. Incorrect
provides practice in social interactions. (True Answer )Correct
requires attendance at therapy sessions. Incorrect
2688
Cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder focuses on:
providing practice in social behaviors in a group setting. Incorrect
increasing the client's tolerance of emotional discomfort and
building up his or her self- image. (True Answer )Correct
providing social skills training and exposure treatment that requires
clients to gradually increase their social contacts. Incorrect
helping patients uncover the origins of their symptoms and resolve
the unconscious conflicts that may be operating. Incorrect
2689
A person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is
MOST likely to qualify for a diagnosis of:
dependent personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2690
People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty ______
relationships, while people with dependent personality disorder have
difficulty ______ relationships.
initiating; ending (True Answer )Correct
ending; initiating Incorrect
ending; beginning Incorrect
seeking; initiating Incorrect
2691
A high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, and friends
for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend, and on an
academic major. This student's behavior is:
typical of those with dependent personality disorder. Incorrect
typical of those who will develop dependent personality disorder.
Incorrect
normal for those in high school. (True Answer )Correct
reflective of an anxiety disorder, not of dependent personality
disorder. Incorrect
2692
If parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at

independence, the result might be the development of:
dependent personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2693
A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is
praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops
dependent personality disorder. The therapist who would be LEAST
surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation?
cognitive Incorrect
2694
Be loyal to your family was what the child heard all the time, along
with You shouldn't and can'tdo it on your own, so don't even try.
A behaviorist would say this kind of upbringing would be MOST likely to
produce which of the personality disorders in the child, when he or she
reached adulthood?
avoidant Incorrect
dependent (True Answer )Correct
2695
Group therapy is a good option for those with dependent personality
disorder; they'll be able to observe others' coping skills, and model
them. This statement would MOST likely be made by a therapist
having which of the following theoretical perspectives?
2696
One especially good reason to use a form of group therapy in the
treatment of dependent personality disorder is that:
the therapist can still control the group, because the participants are
so dependent. Incorrect
the group members will see how maladaptive the dependent
behavior is when they observe it in the other group members. Incorrect
the group members can model appropriate behaviors and
expression of feelings to one another. (True Answer )Correct
All of these alternatives are good reasons to use group therapy with
those with dependent personality disorder. Incorrect
2697
In the United States, most teenagers have cell phones and text. Which
of the following MOST accurately describes adult cell phone usage?
Most do not have cell phones, so most do not text. Incorrect
About half have cell phones, but most of them do not text. Incorrect
Most have cell phones, but most of them do not text. Incorrect
Most have cell phones, and most of them text. (True Answer )
Correct
2698
The TV show Monk features a detective who is very seldom happy, has
few good friends, has a very rigid order and way in which he must do
things, and who frequently has difficulty making up his mind about
what to do. If he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it would
MOST likely be a ______ disorder.
obsessive-compulsive (True Answer )Correct
schizoptypal Incorrect
borderline Incorrect
2699
The TV show Saturday Night Live once featured a skit involving an
Anal Retentive Carpenter, who had to keep all his tools and work
materials in just the right places, arranged just so. He was very
anxious any time tools and materials were not just as he wanted them.
The MOST appropriate diagnosis for the carpenter would be:
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
impulse-control personality disorder. Incorrect
2700
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is MOST common among:
unemployed women. Incorrect
women with jobs. Incorrect
unemployed men. Incorrect
men with jobs. (True Answer )Correct
2701
Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between
obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder) and obsessivecompulsive personality disorder?
You cannot suffer from both of them at the same time. Incorrect
Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also
experience obsessive- compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder). (True
Answer )Correct
The most likely disorder comorbid with obsessive-compulsive
personality disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety
disorder). Incorrect
The two obsessive-compulsive disorders are comorbid over half the
time. Incorrect
2702
Psychodynamic theorists explain obsessive-compulsive personality
disorder as a fixation at the:
oral stage. Incorrect
anal stage. (True Answer )Correct
phallic stage. Incorrect
genital stage. Incorrect
2703
It is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive personality
disorder arises from an early childhood fixation. Which type of
psychologist would MOST likely have made that statement?
cognitive Incorrect
2704
With the help of a therapist, a client with obsessive-compulsive
personality disorder has experienced a dramatic decrease in both
dichotomous thinking and worrying. The client's behavior is:
common; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder seek
help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy.
Incorrect
common; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder seek
help, and this person is most likely receiving psychodynamic therapy.
Incorrect
uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do
not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive
uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do
not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving psychodynamic
therapy. Incorrect
2705
Those diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
appear MORE responsive to which kinds of therapy?
cognitive and biological Incorrect
psychodynamic and biological Incorrect
psychodynamic and cognitive (True Answer )Correct
biological and behavioral Incorrect
2706
A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on
appropriate personality disorder diagnoses for several clients. In fact, it
is obvious that, in many cases, they have inaccurately made their
diagnoses. Assuming they are
competent clinicians, this situation would indicate the DSM-5
categories for personality disorder are:
both reliable and valid. Incorrect
neither reliable nor valid. (True Answer )Correct

reliable, but not valid. Incorrect
not reliable, but valid. Incorrect
2707
All of the following are problems in the use of the DSM-5 to diagnose
personality disorders EXCEPT:
the criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever,
are used. (True Answer )Correct
people who act very differently may require the same diagnosis.
Incorrect
there is considerable overlap of symptoms across many categories.
Incorrect
sometimes the diagnostician must try to figure out why a person
does something. Incorrect
2708
Of the following statements, which one most accurately reflects up-todate research on DSM- 5 categories of personality disorder?
Diagnostic criteria for personality disorders have remained very
consistent for many years. Incorrect
Passive-aggressive personality disorder remains the personality
disorder easiest to diagnose and treat. Incorrect
Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities
to receive the same diagnosis. (True Answer )Correct
Personality disorder clusters are quite distinct from one another.
Incorrect
2709
Let's try to figure out where clients fall on several key personality
traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification system.
Someone saying this would MOST likely favor which approach to
classifying personality disorders?
the traditional DSM-5 approach Incorrect
a psychodynamic approach Incorrect
a cognitive-behavioral approach Incorrect
a dimensional approach (True Answer )Correct
2710
DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can
be on or off. In other words, one either does or does not qualify
for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some
theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or
presence, is more important and similar to a:
flashlight, running on batteries. Incorrect
dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all
the way on. (True Answer )Correct
candle, which may be blown out at any time. Incorrect
capacitor, which builds up a charge slowly then discharges it all at
once. Incorrect
2711
The client scores low on extroversion and agreeableness, but high on
neuroticism. Looks like schizoid personality disorder to me. The
therapist being quoted is using what instrument to make the
diagnosis?
the Big Five personality test (True Answer )Correct
supertrait theory Incorrect
a 200-statement test, with each statement rated on a 1-to-7 scale
Incorrect
a dichotomizing test Incorrect
2712
If instruments such as the Big Five are used to describe personality,
rather than relying on DSM-5, then diagnoses of psychological disorder
would become:
more categorical as well as more a matter of degree. Incorrect
more categorical and less a matter of degree. Incorrect
less categorical and more a matter of degree. (True Answer )Correct
less categorical as well as less a matter of degree. Incorrect
2713
Although lying, even compulsive lying, is not considered a
psychological disorder, it is sometimes characteristic of people with:
depressive disorder. Incorrect
anxiety disorder. Incorrect
2714
Currently, the BigFive approach to personality disorders is:
the recipient of recognition, with a great amount of research being
done on it. (True Answer )Correct
the focus of no research at all. Incorrect
the focus of a great amount of research, but there are no important
results. Incorrect
the focus of a small amount of research, but there are no important
results. Incorrect
2715
The authors of DSM-5 have designed their own dimensional approach
in diagnosing personality disorders for possible inclusion in future
revisions of the DSM. The idea is that individuals whose traits
significantly impair their functioning should receive a diagnosis of:
psychoticism disorder. Incorrect
personality disorder trait specified. (True Answer )Correct
negative affectivity disorder. Incorrect
detachment disorder. Incorrect
2716
The five traits to be included in future revisions of the DSM-5 that
utilize a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders are:
conscientiousness, negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism,

disinhibition. Incorrect
disinhibition, psychoticism, antagonism, agreeableness,
extroversion. Incorrect
negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition,
psychoticism. (True Answer )Correct
detachment, extroversion, neuroticism, antagonism,
conscientiousness. Incorrect
2717
If future editions of the DSM change to a dimensional approach in the
diagnosis of personality disorders, clinicians will have to:
not do anything differently then they are doing now in diagnosing
personality disorders. Incorrect
utilize a GAF scale in diagnosing personality disorders. Incorrect
rate the degree of dysfunctioning caused by each person's traits in
diagnosing personality disorders. (True Answer )Correct
utilize categories versus a dimensional approach in diagnosing
2718
Only 23 percent of adults report openly expressing their anger. Should
they?
Yes. Venting is a healthy way to express anger. Incorrect
Yes. Otherwise, they will develop a personality disorder. Incorrect
Yes. Venting is better than walking away from an anger-producing
situation. Incorrect
No. Ironically, venting appears to make people angrier. (True Answer
)Correct
2425
Describe a typical public state hospital in the United States in the midtwentieth century.
2426
How are milieu therapy and token economy programs similar and how
are they different?
2427
Why was lobotomy briefly considered to be a miracle cure for
schizophrenia? In fact what were the usual results of lobotomies?
2428
You are advising members of the family of a schizophrenic who are
asking you about proper medication. What would you tell these people
that would help them make the best decision for the schizophrenic? Be
sure to address issues such as types of symptoms, dosage level, and

potential side effects.
2429
What does the typical family go through when they have a family
member who is experiencing schizophrenia, both short-term and longterm?
2430
List and briefly describe the five key features of effective community
care, according to the text.
2431
Why is work so important to those experiencing schizophrenia? What
type of work are schizophrenics MOST likely to be able to do and what
sort of treatments have been developed to support them?
2432
Explain why community treatment has failed those with schizophrenia.
2433
What happens to people with serious mental disorders who are not
treated effectively? Please be comprehensive in your answer.
2434
Describe three of the latest trends in meeting the needs of those with
serious mental disorders.
2435
The symptoms developed because of the experience of long-term
mental institutionalization itself is called ______.
social breakdown syndrome (True Answer )
*
2436
Maxwell Jones' thereapeutic community is a form of ______ therapy.
milieu (True Answer )
*
2437
Because of the damage they can cause, most antipsychotic drugs are
known as ______.
neuroleptics (True Answer )
*
2438
Chlorpromazine and haloperidol are examples of ______ drugs.
neuroleptic, antipsychotic (True Answer )
*
2439
Hallucinations, delusions, or formal thought disorders are ______
symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive (True Answer )
*
2440
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia include ______.
flat affect, poverty of speech, loss of volition (True Answer )
*
2441
Thorazine can cause muscle tremors, rigidity, and shaking, which are
common signs of ______.
Parkinson's disease (True Answer )
*
2442
After several treatments with Thorazine, Paula begins to exhibit bizarre
and uncontrollable movements of the face, neck, tongue, and back.
These undesirable effects are known as ______.
tardive dyskinesia (True Answer )
*
2443
Parkinsonian symptoms are produced by impairment of the ______.
substantia nigra, basal ganglia (True Answer )
*
2444
A movement disorder associated with antipsychotic medication that
may not appear until a year after a person begins taking neuroleptic
drugs and which includes involuntary chewing, sucking, lip smacking,
and jerky, purposeless movements of the arms, legs, and body is called
______.
tardive dyskinesia (True Answer )
*
2445
The new neuroleptic called clozapine has a dangerous side effect called
______.
agranulocytosis (True Answer )
*
2446
Psychotherapy can often be effective in treating schizophrenia when it
is used in conjunction with ______.
neuroleptics, antipsychotic medication (True Answer )
*
2447
The attempt to support the family of the schizophrenic to help them
cope and provide the best environment for continued recovery is called
______.
family therapy (True Answer )

*
2448
The family therapy approach to the treatment of schizophrenia
includes bringing the members of the schizophrenic person's family
together with other families who are in the same situation to share
their thoughts and emotions in a format called ______.
family support groups (True Answer )
*
2449
Interventions for schizophrenia that make sure clients take their
medications and help patients with self-management, problem solving,
decision making, and the development of interpersonal skills have
been labeled ______.
social therapy (True Answer )
*
2450
The 1960s policy of releasing patients from mental health hospitals to
community-based mental health facilities is called ______.
deinstitutionalization (True Answer )
*
2451
One contributor to the increase in homeless individuals was the mental
health policy of ______.
*
2452
The institution that is supposed to provide the coordination among
posthospitalization services is the ______.
community mental health center (True Answer )
*
2453
If patients with schizophrenia show improvement during short-term
hospitalization, the follow-up treatment they receive in the community
later is called ______.
aftercare (True Answer )
*
2454
Harry was released from the hospital to a dormitory-like facility that
gives him considerable freedom during the day. It is MOST likely a(n)
______.
halfway house (True Answer )
*
2455
A protected and partially supported factory that employs disabled
people is called a(n) ______.
sheltered workshop (True Answer )

*
2456
Which of the following statements MOST accurately reflects current
thinking about psychosis and schizophrenia?
Psychotic behavior is best labeled as schizophrenia. Incorrect
Schizophrenia and psychosis are two distinctly different syndromes.
Incorrect
People with different diagnoses can exhibit psychosis; it's not limited
to schizophrenia. (True Answer )Correct
People with bipolar disorder or major depression don't exhibit
psychosis; only people with schizophrenia do. Incorrect
2457
What was the dominant way of treating schizophrenic people during
the first half of the twentieth century?
institutionalization (True Answer )Correct
outpatient services Incorrect
individual psychotherapy Incorrect
treatment with neuroleptic drugs Incorrect
2458
Most patients who lived on the hospital wards in state mental hospitals
in the mid-1900s:
were schizophrenics. (True Answer )Correct
were given individual talk therapy with no success. Incorrect
interacted well with each other but not with staff members.
Incorrect
were in fact violent criminals. Incorrect
2459
The MAIN contribution of Philippe Pinel to the care of those with severe
mental illnesses was to:
develop state hospitals for people who couldn't afford private care.
Incorrect
use antipsychotic drugs in highly controlled settings. Incorrect
treat patients with sympathy and kindness. (True Answer )Correct
promote deinstitutionalization. Incorrect
2460
Which of the following is TRUE of state mental hospitals in the United
States in the midtwentieth century?
They were built as places to warehouse, isolate, and punish mental
patients. Incorrect
They were built in large cities so patients could stay in contact with
the real world. Incorrect
They were overcrowded and understaffed. (True Answer )Correct
Although successful treatments were available, they were too
expensive to be used. Incorrect
2461
The usual way of dealing with troublesome or violent schizophrenic

people in institutions in the first half of the twentieth century was to:
use drugs. Incorrect
beat them. Incorrect
ignore them. Incorrect
use physical restraint. (True Answer )Correct
2462
Some hospitalized mental patients whose original symptoms of
schizophrenia improved were nonetheless unable to return to society
because of the negative effects of their care. This syndrome is called:
schizophrenogenesis. Incorrect
hyperinstitutionalization. Incorrect
social breakdown syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
downward drift. Incorrect
2463
Patients who developed extreme withdrawal, anger, physical
aggressiveness, and loss of personal hygiene as a result of poor
institutional care were showing a pattern known as:
institutional deterioration. Incorrect
chronic back ward syndrome. Incorrect
schizophrenic failure to thrive. Incorrect
2464
Long-term mental patients frequently developed anger,
aggressiveness, and loss of interest in personal appearance. This
condition has been called:
psychosis. Incorrect
neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Incorrect
2465
Theorists propose that institutionalized patients deteriorate because
they are deprived of opportunities to develop self-respect and
independence. The therapy that counters this effect by creating an
environment that encourages self-respect and responsibility is known
as:
token therapy. Incorrect
social therapy. Incorrect
milieu therapy. (True Answer )Correct
environmental enhancement. Incorrect
2466
Which therapy is based on the premise that when you change the
social environment, you can change the patient?
milieu therapy (True Answer )Correct
insight therapy Incorrect
family therapy Incorrect
the token economy Incorrect

2467
Maxwell Jones (1953) created an approach to psychotherapy of the
institutionalized in London called:
oral therapy. Incorrect
group therapy. Incorrect
a token economy. Incorrect
the therapeutic community. (True Answer )Correct
2468
Milieu therapy is based primarily on the principles of ______ psychology.
cognitive Incorrect
humanistic (True Answer )Correct
2469
If one were treated by therapists who believed that patients needed to
live in a social climate that promoted productive activity, self-respect,
and individual responsibility, one would be likely to be living in the:
1920s. Incorrect
1930s. Incorrect
1940s. Incorrect
1950s. (True Answer )Correct
2470
A patient who is called a resident who lives in a therapeutic community
and actively works with staff members to create a life that is as much
like that outside the hospital as possible, is probably receiving ______
therapy.
token economy Incorrect
custodial Incorrect
milieu (True Answer )Correct
lobotomy Incorrect
2471
A token economy approach to treatment is based on principles from
the abnormal behavior.
cognitive view Incorrect
biological view Incorrect
behavioral view (True Answer )Correct
humanistic view Incorrect
2472
Who was the first physician responsible for developing the prefrontal
lobotomy for use on human patients?
Egas Moniz (True Answer )Correct
Eliot Valenstein Incorrect
Walter Freeman Incorrect
Carlyle Jacobsen Incorrect
2473
The technique for treating mental patients that was pioneered by Egas
Moniz was:
ECS therapy. Incorrect
the lobotomy. (True Answer )Correct
the use of drugs. Incorrect
the cingulotomy Incorrect
2474
The Americans Walter Freeman and James Watts improved the
procedure developed by Egas Moniz by developing the:
prefrontal lobotomy. Incorrect
prefrontal leucotomy. Incorrect
transorbital lobotomy. (True Answer )Correct
complete prefrontal lobectomy Incorrect
2475
During a ______ a needle is inserted into the brain through the eye
socket and is then rotated to destroy brain tissue.
prefrontal lobotomy Incorrect
transorbital lobotomy (True Answer )Correct
singular nigra lobotomy Incorrect
facial-cranial lobotomy Incorrect
2476
Why were lobotomies so enthusiastically accepted by the medical
community in the 1940s and 1950s?
They were based on sound experimental studies with animals.
Incorrect
The inventors of this procedure were gifted and dedicated
physicians. (True Answer )Correct
There were relatively few of them and side-effects were mild.
Incorrect
They could be used to control criminals as well as mental patients.
Incorrect
2477
In behavioral terms, what is a token?
a stimulus Incorrect
motivation Incorrect
a reinforcer (True Answer )Correct
punishment Incorrect
2478
Tokens:
are given by patients to other patients whom they admire. Incorrect
can be exchanged for a variety of rewards. (True Answer )Correct
are given as punishment when a patient behaves unacceptably.
Incorrect
have a great street value. Incorrect
2479
A third-grade teacher gives students stickers throughout the school

day when they engage in appropriate behaviors. At the end of the day,
students can trade in their stickers for treats from the class treasure
chest. This program is MOST similar to which form of therapy used for
institutionalized people with schizophrenia?
milieu therapy Incorrect
insight therapy Incorrect
token economy (True Answer )Correct
partial hospitalization Incorrect
2480
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the token economy
approach?
Many studies of effectiveness do not include a control group,
confounding the treatment with attention. Incorrect
Although token economy programs can change patients' delusional
statements, they may not be changing delusional thoughts. Incorrect
Token economy programs do not change the behavior of the most
severely ill patients. (True Answer )Correct
It is difficult for patients to make the transition from a token
economy program to the community. Incorrect
2481
A hospitalized patient no longer talks about delusions and
hallucinations, thanks to participating in a token economy program.
However, critics of the token economy program would say that the
token economy program has:
worsened the negative symptoms of the disorder. Incorrect
treated the schizophrenia without medication. Incorrect
not eliminated the delusions and hallucinations, but improved the
patient's ability to imitate normal behavior. (True Answer )Correct
changed a Type I disorder into a Type II disorder. Incorrect
2482
Which of the following BEST describes the effectiveness of token
economy strategies?
They are ineffective in the long run. Incorrect
They reverse the progress of schizophrenia. Incorrect
They are successful at changing the patient's behavior. (True
Answer )Correct
They are successful in altering the patient's distorted thinking.
Incorrect
2483
What is the concern regarding the changes produced by token
economies?
Many studies of token economies are methodologically flawed.
Incorrect
Some patients can function in normal life but deteriorate in the
hospital. Incorrect
The skills learned in the hospital may not generalize to the outside
world. Incorrect
The person may have learned new behaviors without changing his
distorted thinking. (True Answer )Correct
2484
Antipsychotic drugs were discovered accidentally when researchers
were trying to develop:
antihistamines. (True Answer )Correct
analgesics. Incorrect
sedatives. Incorrect
antibiotics. Incorrect
2485
The discovery of antihistamine drugs in the 1940s indirectly led to the
development of:
lithium. Incorrect
antianxiety drugs. Incorrect
antipsychotic drugs. (True Answer )Correct
antidepressant drugs. Incorrect
2486
The first antipsychotic drug to be approved for use in the United States
was:
Haldol. Incorrect
Prozac. Incorrect
Thorazine. (True Answer )Correct
Mellaril. Incorrect
2487
The term neuroleptic is applied to drugs that:
cure psychosis. Incorrect
cure schizophrenia. Incorrect
have potency against depression. Incorrect
can mimic symptoms of neurological disorders. (True Answer )
Correct
2488
Which of the following drugs has antipsychotic properties?
Prozac Incorrect
Valium Incorrect
imipramine Incorrect
haloperidol (True Answer )Correct
2489
If one could use only a single treatment for schizophrenia and wanted
the MOST effective treatment, one should choose:
psychodynamic therapy. Incorrect
milieu therapy. Incorrect
electroconvulsive therapy. Incorrect
2490
What is the MOST accurate advice you could give someone thinking
about taking traditional antipsychotic medication for their
schizophrenia?
Try psychotherapy first; it often works just as well. Incorrect
If you have negative symptoms of schizophrenia, you can expect
better results from medication. Incorrect
Although these drugs will probably work, there are significant side
effects. (True Answer )Correct
Although these drugs work well, you probably won't see the
maximum results until after six months. Incorrect
2491
If one were taking antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia, one would
expect the drugs to:
be most effective against negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Incorrect
be most effective against positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Incorrect
be given in higher doses to women than to men. Incorrect
need to be taken even after symptoms have been alleviated. (True
Answer )Correct
2492
The schizophrenic symptom most likely to be relieved by antipsychotic
drugs is:
delusions. (True Answer )Correct
flat affect. Incorrect
lack of speech. Incorrect
lack of purpose. Incorrect
2493
If a patient's chart said the patient had extrapyramidal side effects,
you would expect to see the patient showing primarily ______
dysfunction.
motor (True Answer )Correct
cognitive Incorrect
emotional Incorrect
language Incorrect
2494
One of the unwanted and later side effects of antipsychotic
medications is:
paralysis. Incorrect
hyperactivity. Incorrect
tardive dyskinesia. (True Answer )Correct
Parkinson's disease. Incorrect
2495
The neuroleptic side effect marked by muscle rigidity, fever, altered
consciousness, and autonomic dysfunction is called:
dystonia. Incorrect
akathisia. Incorrect
tardive dyskinesia. Incorrect
neuroleptic malignant syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
2496
A woman has been treated with chlorpromazine for several years.
Lately she seems to be chewing gum all the time and her arms are
always in motion. She has begun to display twitching facial tics. This is
an example of:
dystonia. Incorrect
akathisia Incorrect
tardive dyskinesia. (True Answer )Correct
neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Incorrect
2497
The proportion of patients taking antipsychotic medication who
eventually develop tardive dyskinesia is closest to:
1 percent. Incorrect
10 percent. (True Answer )Correct
2498
A person who is experiencing a potentially fatal reaction to an
antipsychotic drug involving muscle rigidity and autonomic nervous
system dysfunction is displaying:
Parkinson-like symptoms. Incorrect
neuroleptic malignant syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
tardive dyskinesia. Incorrect
akathisia. Incorrect
2499
If a schizophrenic were making involuntary ticlike movements of the
tongue, mouth, face, or whole body, smacking the lips, and making
sucking and chewing movements, one would suspect the patient:
was taking too much antipsychotic medication. Incorrect
was taking too little antipsychotic medication. Incorrect
had been taking antipsychotic medication for a short time. Incorrect
had been taking antipsychotic medication for a long time. (True
Answer )Correct
2500
The most successful way to eliminate tardive dyskinesia is:
to stop the antipsychotic medication. (True Answer )Correct
to use anti-Parkinsonian drugs to treat the side effects. Incorrect
to ignore it; it will go away eventually. Incorrect
to increase the dose of antipsychotic medication. Incorrect
2501
Tardive dyskinesia can be overlooked because:
its symptoms are always very subtle. Incorrect
it has symptoms that are similar to schizophrenia. (True Answer )

Correct
the symptoms are manifest in different ways in different patients.
Incorrect
the symptoms do not begin until after the actual brain damage has
taken place. Incorrect
2502
If you were working with a patient who displayed muscle tremors and
rigidity, facial tics, and tardive dyskinesia, you would suspect that the
person was receiving:
electroconvulsive therapy. Incorrect
2503
What do Parkinson-like symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome,
and tardive dyskinesia have in common?
They are all symptoms of schizophrenia. Incorrect
They all result mostly from taking the newer antipsychotic drugs.
Incorrect
They all involve disruption of motor control. (True Answer )Correct
They all can be treated with conventional antipsychotic drugs.
Incorrect
2504
Which of the following drugs appears to act more at D-1 and D-4
dopamine receptors than at D-2 dopamine receptors?
clozapine (True Answer )Correct
Thorazine Incorrect
haloperidol Incorrect
chlorpromazine Incorrect
2505
Which of the following antipsychotic drugs appears to work at
serotonin receptors?
Haldol Incorrect
clozapine (True Answer )Correct
chlorpromazine Incorrect
the phenothiazines Incorrect
2506
The MOST widely used atypical antipsychotic drug is:
Clozaril. (True Answer )Correct
Xanax. Incorrect
Thorazine. Incorrect
Prozac. Incorrect
2507
The LOWEST number of extrapyramidal side effects is seen after
taking:
clozapine. (True Answer )Correct

haloperidol. Incorrect
thioridazine. Incorrect
chlorpromazine. Incorrect
2508
I want to maximize the antipsychotic effect of a drug while minimizing
its undesirable side effects, says a doctor. What's the BEST advice you
can give the doctor?
Unfortunately, effective doses of conventional and atypical
antipsychotic drugs both produce a lot of undesirable side effects.
Incorrect
Fortunately, effective doses of both conventional and atypical
antipsychotic drugs do not produce a lot of undesirable side effects.
Incorrect
Use a conventional antipsychotic drug. Incorrect
Use an atypical antipsychotic drug. (True Answer )Correct
2509
Imagine that your neighbor, who is being treated for schizophrenia,
says that she has mostly negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is
afraid of the extrapyramidal side effects of medication. She asks you
what she should do. Your BEST response is:
Avoid all types of medication and stick to insight therapy.
Incorrect
Try conventional antipsychotic drugs; they should work best.
Incorrect
Try atypical antipsychotics; they should work best. (True Answer )
Correct
Any medication should work about as well as any other
2510
Advantages of atypical antipsychotic drugs over conventional
medications include:
newer medications are cheaper and more easily available. Incorrect
newer medications treat Type I symptoms better. Incorrect
newer medications produce fewer extrapyramidal effects. (True
Answer )Correct
newer medications focus better on dopamine receptor sites in the
brain. Incorrect
2511
Why aren't atypical antipsychotic drugs universally prescribed for
people with schizophrenia? After all, more people with schizophrenia
show improvement with atypical antipsychotic drugs than with
conventional antipsychotics.
On average, atypicals produce more cases of tardive dyskinesia.
Incorrect
On average, atypical cause more extrapyramidal symptoms.

Incorrect
Most atypicals produce life-threatening agranulocytosis. Incorrect
On average, atypicals cost more. (True Answer )Correct
2512
Compared to African Americans, white Americans are:
more likely to receive conventional antipsychotic drugs for both
schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Incorrect
more likely to receive conventional antipsychotic drugs for
schizophrenia, and more likely to receive atypical antipsychotic drugs
for other psychotic disorders. Incorrect
more likely to receive atypical antipsychotic drugs for both
schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. (True Answer )Correct
more likely to receive atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia,
and more likely to receive conventional antipsychotic drugs for other
psychotic disorders. Incorrect
2513
Based on research studies, your BEST chance at receiving a
prescription for an atypical antipsychotic medication would be if you:
have Medicare and go to a family practitioner. Incorrect
have private insurance and are treated by a psychiatrist. (True
Answer )Correct
are a minority and are treated at the community mental health
center. Incorrect
are white and poor. Incorrect
2514
Why do some therapists believe psychotherapy is unsuccessful in
treating schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia increases the strength of most ego defense
mechanisms. Incorrect
Insurance does not cover psychotherapy for patients diagnosed as
schizophrenic. Incorrect
Unmedicated schizophrenics are too far removed from reality to
form the relationship needed. (True Answer )Correct
Excessive dopamine interferes with the process of free association
that is requisite to the success of psychotherapy. Incorrect
2515
Frieda Fromm-Reichmann's approach to psychotherapy with
schizophrenic patients was to
challenge patients' statements. Incorrect
build a sense of trust in the patient. (True Answer )Correct
alter the psychotic person's behavior. Incorrect
encourage specific life adjustments by providing community support
services. Incorrect
2516
Rather than seeking to eliminate hallucinations and delusions, which

form of therapy helps people learn to reinterpret their hallucinations
and change their reactions to the hallucinations?
cognitive-behavioral. (True Answer )Correct
milieu. Incorrect
insight. Incorrect
medical. Incorrect
2517
Therapists who advise clients to resist following orders from their
hallucinatory voices are using a technique from the cognitivebehavioral approach that involves:
education about the biological causes of hallucinations. Incorrect
ways of coping with unpleasant sensations. Incorrect
reattribution of their hallucinations. Incorrect
challenging ideas about the power of hallucinations. (True
Answer )Correct
2518
If you are being treated for schizophrenia and are learning to distract
yourself from the voices you hear and to reinterpret them as just a
symptom of your disorder rather than reality, you are MOST likely
receiving:
psychotherapy. Incorrect
newer antipsychotic drugs. Incorrect
family therapy. Incorrect
cognitive-behavioral therapy. (True Answer )Correct
2519
Mindfulness is MOST similar to which of the following therapies?
family Incorrect
medical/biological Incorrect
milieu Incorrect
cognitive-behavioral (True Answer )Correct
2520
Therapists who make statements such as, It's not a real voice; it's my
illness, are using a technique from the cognitive-behavioral approach
that involves:
ways of coping with unpleasant sensations. Incorrect
interpreting their hallucinations. (True Answer )Correct
challenging ideas about the power of hallucinations. Incorrect
2521
Therapists who advise clients to apply special breathing and relaxation
techniques in response to their hallucinatory voices are using a
technique from the cognitive-behavioral approach that involves:
ways of coping with hallucinations. (True Answer )Correct
interpreting their hallucinations. Incorrect
challenging ideas about the power of hallucinations. Incorrect

2522
New-wave cognitive-behavioral therapies are MOST similar to:
exposure and response prevention. Incorrect
covert sensitization. Incorrect
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. (True Answer )Correct
2523
A person attending an HVN (Hearing Voices Network) meeting, can
expect to get the message that:
voices can be eliminated through proper treatment and medication.
Incorrect
auditory hallucinations are a diagnosable sign of schizophrenia.
Incorrect
family support is the best way to deal with schizophrenia. Incorrect
all interpretations of voices are equally valid. (True Answer )Correct
2524
The belief that many people hear voices and that this can be a
meaningful, nonpathological experience is held by:
a representative from a pharmaceutical company. Incorrect
a psychiatrist practicing insight therapy. Incorrect
a member of the Hearing Voices Network. (True Answer )Correct
someone setting up a token economy program. Incorrect
2525
Who is most likely to offer the advice, If you have the urge to yell at
your 'voices' in public, do so with a cell phone up to your ear.?
a representative from a pharmaceutical company. Incorrect
a psychiatrist practicing insight therapy. Incorrect
a member of the Hearing Voices Network. (True Answer )Correct
someone setting up a token economy program. Incorrect
2526
A family with a high level of expressed emotion may display a great
deal of:
concern. Incorrect
criticism. (True Answer )Correct
joyfulness. Incorrect
underinvolvement. Incorrect
2527
The goal of family therapy is:
to help the family better support the schizophrenic patient. (True
Answer )Correct
to help the patient move out of the family home and live on
his or her own. Incorrect
to help the family display higher levels of expressed emotion.
Incorrect
to help patients return to the hospital more quickly. Incorrect
2528
If relatives of a schizophrenic come to have more realistic
expectations, reduce their guilt, and work on establishing better
communication, they are probably receiving:
social therapy. Incorrect
family therapy. (True Answer )Correct
2529
Families with HIGH levels of expressed emotion:
are very supportive and loving. Incorrect
display all kinds of emotions, positive and negative. Incorrect
are emotionally distant. Incorrect
express negative emotions like hostility and criticism. (True Answer )
Correct
2530
If you and your family were receiving support, encouragement, and
advice from other families with schizophrenic members, you would
MOST likely be participating in:
family psychoeducational programs. (True Answer )Correct
family milieu therapy. Incorrect
joint drug treatment. Incorrect
2531
A patient who receives help in finding work, in finding a place to live,
and in taking medication correctly is probably receiving:
social therapy. (True Answer )Correct
family therapy. Incorrect
2532
Social therapy appears to play the STRONGEST role in:
lessening the possibility of relapse in those recovering from
preventing the development of schizophrenia. Incorrect
treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Incorrect
giving families skills to treat their relative with schizophrenia.
Incorrect
2533
The Community Mental Health Act stipulated that patients with mental
disorders should receive all of the following except ______ without
leaving their communities.
inpatient treatment Incorrect
preventative care Incorrect
outpatient therapy Incorrect
research opportunities (True Answer )Correct
2534
Deinstitutionalization:
did not reduce substantially the number of people in state mental
hospitals. Incorrect
was aimed at returning patients with mental disorders to their
communities. (True Answer )Correct
resulted in a high level of community care being offered throughout
the United States. Incorrect
provided medication to schizophrenics, but not to other mental
patients. Incorrect
2535
In the original Community Mental Health Act, the place where
individuals would be treated was a:
day center. Incorrect
halfway house. Incorrect
sheltered workshop. Incorrect
community mental health center. (True Answer )Correct
2536
If a person being treated for schizophrenia goes each day to a center
where the focus is on improving social skills and receiving therapy, the
person is participating in:
partial hospitalization. (True Answer )Correct
a sheltered workshop. Incorrect
a residential center. Incorrect
a support group. Incorrect
2537
Community mental health centers are designed to provide all of the
following EXCEPT:
inpatient emergency care. Incorrect
medication and psychotherapy. Incorrect
vocational rehabilitation. (True Answer )Correct
coordination of other community services. Incorrect
2538
A person lives at home but spends his day at a mental health facility.
The facility might be described as providing:
aftercare. Incorrect
coordinated services. Incorrect
partial hospitalization. (True Answer )Correct
short-term hospitalization. Incorrect
2539
An individual who displays serious psychotic symptoms, but would not
benefit from being sent to a large state psychiatric hospital for a long
period of time, would best be served by:
short-term hospitalization in a local psychiatric unit. (True Answer )
Correct
aftercare. Incorrect
a halfway house. Incorrect

a sheltered workshop. Incorrect
2540
Schizophrenics who receive 24-hour supervision in a community
setting, usually following a milieu approach, are receiving:
partial hospitalization. Incorrect
halfway house services. (True Answer )Correct
occupational training. Incorrect
2541
Helen was just discharged from a public mental health facility. She
went to live with a group of other former patients in a group-living
arrangement. There were staff members to help out but the former
patients controlled most of the day-to-day activities. Helen's living
arrangement is a:
day center. Incorrect
halfway house. (True Answer )Correct
short-term hospital. Incorrect
sheltered workshop. Incorrect
2542
Several people with schizophrenia work at a recycling center, where
on-time behavior is expected, and payment is made solely for work
completed. The people do not compete with each other. MOST likely,
this work takes place at a:
halfway house. Incorrect
community mental health center. Incorrect
sheltered workshop. (True Answer )Correct
community employment center. Incorrect
2543
Schizophrenics who are working in a sheltered workshop are receiving:
partial hospitalization. Incorrect
halfway house services. Incorrect
occupational training. (True Answer )Correct
2544
The person most responsible for coordinating community service and
providing practical help with problem-solving social skills, and ensuring
that medications are being taken properly is a:
psychiatrist. Incorrect
clinical psychologist. Incorrect
nurse practitioner. Incorrect
case manager. (True Answer )Correct
2545
In the treatment of schizophrenia, a case manager's primary goal is to
help with:
coordination of services. (True Answer )Correct
services. Incorrect
trained professionals. Incorrect
access to medication. Incorrect
2546
A disturbed individual kills a number of people in a mass shooting. The
shooter is found to be mentally ill. How likely is it that such an
individual will have received mental health services in the past year?
very likely; almost all mentally ill people do receive services
Incorrect
very unlikely; although services are available, mentally ill people do
not take advantage of them Incorrect
so-so; about 50 percent of people with mental illnesses receive
services Incorrect
likely; although the coordination of those services is a problem (True
Answer )Correct
2547
If you were looking for people who have schizophrenia, where would
you MOST likely find them?
living on their own, unsupervised (True Answer )Correct
in halfway houses Incorrect
on the street Incorrect
in jail Incorrect
2548
Someone says to you, Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy.
What is your BEST response?
It's true that most homeless people experience a serious mental
illness. Incorrect
That's a big myth. Virtually no homeless people are truly mentally
ill. Incorrect
Unfortunately, about a third of homeless people are mentally ill.
You should be scared. Mentally ill homeless people are usually
violent. Incorrect
2549
If you went to a meeting of a group lobbying for better care for the
mentally ill and made up primarily of family members of people with
severe mental disorders, you would probably be attending:
the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill. (True Answer )Correct
the Association for Retarded Citizens. Incorrect
the Society for Social Workers and Case Managers. Incorrect
the Halfway House Paraprofessional Affiliates. Incorrect
2550
Research suggests that an effective treatment plan for schizophrenia
should include:
biological treatments but not psychological treatments. Incorrect
biological treatments but not sociocultural treatments. Incorrect
sociocultural treatments and psychological treatments only.

Incorrect
biological treatments and psychological treatments. (True Answer )
Correct
2285
First, define what is meant by a positive symptom of schizophrenia.
Then, describe in detail four positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
2286
First, define what is meant by a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
Then, describe in detail four negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
2287
Explain the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia. Then, utilizing
three components of the biological view on the development of
schizophrenia, discuss how the diathesis model can be applied to the
development of schizophrenia in a given individual.
2288
Discuss evidence that supports the view of a genetic predisposition for
schizophrenia.
2289
Provide evidence from scientific studies that supports the dopamine
hypothesis of schizophrenia and evidence that challenges it.
2290
A person has just begun to have strange and unreal sensations and
turns to friends and family to discuss them. From a cognitive point of
view, how would you explain how schizophrenia might develop from
this point on?
2291
Explain the important aspects of the multicultural, social labeling, and
family dysfunction explanations for the development of schizophrenia.
2292
One positive symptom of schizophrenia is ____.
delusions, hallucination, disorganized thinking and speech,
heightened perceptions, or inappropriate affect (True Answer )
*
2293
If you think the radio announcer is talking directly and personally to
you and to you alone, this is a delusion of ______.
reference (True Answer )
*
2294
If you think you are being manipulated by aliens, this can be
considered a delusion of ______.
control (True Answer )
*
2295
If you think you are the Majority Leader of the Senate, but you're not,
this can be considered a delusion of ______.
grandeur (True Answer )
*
2296
Karin, who has a diagnosis of schizophrenia, frequently sees hundreds
of beautiful hummingbirds swarming around her. This symptom is an
example of a(n) ______.
hallucination, positive symptom (True Answer )
*
2297
One negative symptom of schizophrenia is ______.
restricted affect, poverty of speech, social withdrawal, blunted
affect, loss of volition (True Answer )
*
2298
A person with schizophrenia who shows almost no emotion at all is
exhibiting ______.
restricted affect (True Answer )
*
2299
A person with schizophrenia cannot complete even the simplest of
tasks, is extremely listless, and has no short- or long-term goals. This
person is exhibiting ______.
avolition, apathy, loss of volition (True Answer )
*
2300
Bill does not exhibit any signs of schizophrenia but his level of
functioning has begun to deteriorate. If Bill develops schizophrenia,
this earlier period will be referred to as the ______ phase.
prodromal (True Answer )
*
2301
One explanation of the causes of schizophrenia is that it results from
the interaction between a psychological stimulus and a biological
predisposition. This is known as the ______ relationship.
diathesis-stress (True Answer )
*
2302
If both members of a pair of twins have a particular trait, they are said
to be ______ for that trait.
concordant (True Answer )
*
2303
Blood samples are taken from members of a family. The DNA in the
blood cells is isolated and used for identifying genetic factors. This
approach is known as ______.
molecular biology or genetic linkage (True Answer )
*
2304
The theory that helps explain the role of neurotransmitters in the cause
of schizophrenia is known as the ______.
dopamine hypothesis (True Answer )
*
2305
A neurotransmitter strongly implicated as a biological factor in
schizophrenia is ______.
dopamine, serotonin (True Answer )
*
2306
Researchers have linked schizophrenia to abnormal brain structures
such as the______.
ventricles, temporal lobes, frontal lobes, hippocampus, thalamus,
amygdala (True Answer )
*
2307
According to Frieda Fromm-Reichmann's (1948) view of the
development of schizophrenia, an apparently self-sacrificing mother
who is actually cold and domineering and uses her children for her own
needs is called a ______ mother.
schizophrenogenic (True Answer )
*
2308
Rosenhan (1973) did a study of schizophrenia that demonstrated the
power of ______ in determining how patients with schizophrenia are
evaluated and treated.
labeling, social labeling, diagnostic labeling (True Answer )
*
2309
What percentage of the world population is estimated to have
schizophrenia?
0.05 percent Incorrect
1 percent (True Answer )Correct
5 percent Incorrect
2310
Psychosis means:
split personality. Incorrect
loss of contact with reality. (True Answer )Correct
brain seizures. Incorrect
drug abuse. Incorrect
2311
The term schizophrenia is derived from the Greek for:
split mind. (True Answer )Correct
frantic mind. Incorrect
multiple personality. Incorrect
hysterical demeanor. Incorrect
2312
Which of the following is NOT consistent with the most common
pattern of schizophrenia?
Women develop the disorder earlier and more severely than men.
There is a significant risk of suicide attemptabout 25 percent.
Incorrect
There is a higher incidence in lower than upper socioeconomic
groups. Incorrect
There is about a 1 percent risk of developing schizophrenia
in a lifetime, worldwide. Incorrect
2313
Downward drift is BEST reflected in which of the following statements?
Poverty and social disruption cause schizophrenia. Incorrect
Schizophrenia causes people to fall into poverty and social
disruption. (True Answer )Correct
Genetic factors cause both schizophrenia and poverty. Incorrect
Schizophrenia causes marital disruption, which causes poverty.
Incorrect
2314
Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is
MOST likely to be found in someone from a:
lower socioeconomic level. (True Answer )Correct
middle socioeconomic level. Incorrect
professional socioeconomic level. Incorrect
privileged (wealthy) socioeconomic level. Incorrect
2315
Armond does not feel much emotion and does not really want to do
anything. He has also completely withdrawn from his friends and
family. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______
schizophrenia.
active Incorrect
positive Incorrect
negative (True Answer )Correct
psychomotor Incorrect
2316
Delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions
and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect are examples of ______
positive (True Answer )Correct
negative Incorrect
cognitive Incorrect
ineffective Incorrect
2317
Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears
gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these
behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.
active Incorrect
negative Incorrect
2318
Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her
inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in
whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST
likely suffering from:
delusions of grandeur. Incorrect
delusions of reference. Incorrect
delusions of control. Incorrect
delusions of persecution. (True Answer )Correct
2319
Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is
speaking directly and personally to him. He even goes to the television
studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from:
delusions of persecution. Incorrect
delusions of grandeur. Incorrect
delusions of reference. (True Answer )Correct
2320
The MAIN difference between hallucinations and delusions is that:
hallucinations are more serious than delusions. Incorrect
hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve belief. (True
Answer )Correct
hallucinations are more common early in the disorder and delusions
more common later. Incorrect
hallucinations are auditory and delusions are visual. Incorrect
2321
All of the following statements are true of mentally ill chemical abusers
(MICAs) EXCEPT:
MICA is overdiagnosed because the drug abuse is often

overemphasized. (True Answer )Correct
MICAs tend to remain homeless longer than other homeless people
without this diagnosis. Incorrect
traditional forms of therapy often don't work for this complex
problem. Incorrect
MICAs are most often young and male. Incorrect
2322
What treatment programs seem to work best for mentally ill chemical
abusers (MICAs)?
short-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy Incorrect
short-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy
Incorrect
long-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy (True Answer )
Correct
long-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy Incorrect
2323
Researchers estimate that about what percent of homeless individuals
are identifiable as MICAs (mentally ill chemical abusers)?
10 to 20 percent (True Answer )Correct
about one-third (33 percent) Incorrect
almost half (50 percent) Incorrect
2324
In general, the problems that mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs)
face in terms of diagnosis and treatment are:
about equal to the problems faced by people with severe mental
illnesses. Incorrect
about equal to the problems faced by people with chemical abuse
less than those faced by either by people with severe mental
disorders or chemical abuse disorders. Incorrect
more than those faced by either people with severe mental
disorders or chemical abuse disorders. (True Answer )Correct
2325
I am the Virgin Mary, and I've come to give birth to a new savior,
says someone experiencing:
delusions of reference. Incorrect
delusions of persecution. Incorrect
delusions of grandeur. (True Answer )Correct
2326
A person with schizophrenia who said, It's cold today. My cold is better
but I got it from the nurse. She is a big blonde who lives in Manhattan. I
live in Manhattan with Jimmy Carter, is experiencing:
loose associations. (True Answer )Correct
neologisms. Incorrect
perseveration. Incorrect
clang. Incorrect
2327
Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches
tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw.
Such speech illustrates which of the following symptoms of
schizophrenia?
negative Incorrect
delusional Incorrect
hallucinatory Incorrect
2328
Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches
tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw. Such speech
illustrates which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?
loose associations (True Answer )Correct
catatonia Incorrect
avolition Incorrect
restricted affect Incorrect
2329
If someone had the delusion of being an animal, the person MOST
likely would be experiencing:
negative symptoms. Incorrect
lycanthropy. (True Answer )Correct
loose associations. Incorrect
loss of avolition. Incorrect
2330
A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her
making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think she is
Cinderella is experiencing a(n) ______ hallucination and a delusion of
______
auditory; grandeur (True Answer )Correct
tactile; control Incorrect
olfactory; reference Incorrect
gustatory, persecution Incorrect
2331
Which of the following would be the MOST common type of
hallucination?
That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along. (True Answer
)Correct
That butterfly is growing so much it is as big as the house. Incorrect
There are invisible bugs crawling under my skin. Incorrect
My intestines are a mass of wiggling worms. Incorrect
2332
The MOST common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is:
visual. Incorrect
tactile. Incorrect
auditory. (True Answer )Correct
olfactory. Incorrect
2333
If you could get inside the head of a person experiencing auditory
hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that:
the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in his brain.
the person knows that the hallucinations are fictional. Incorrect
hallucinations and delusions are coded in the same place in the
person's brain. Incorrect
the person is aware of auditory hallucinations but not aware of other
types of hallucinations. Incorrect
2334
Research with those experiencing auditory hallucinations has
demonstrated all of the following EXCEPT:
increased blood flow in Broca's area. Incorrect
increased activity in the brain's hearing center. Incorrect
movement of the oval window of the cochlea. (True Answer )Correct
increased activity near the brain's surface. Incorrect
2335
Which of the following is a somatic hallucination?
That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along. Incorrect
There are invisible bugs crawling under my skin. Incorrect
My intestines are a mass of wiggling worms. (True Answer )Correct
2336
Which of the following is a tactile hallucination?
That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along. Incorrect
There are invisible bugs crawling under my tingling skin. (True
Answer )Correct
My intestines are a mass of wriggling worms. Incorrect
2337
When Janice drinks her milk, she is sure from the taste that someone
put salt in it. Janice is most likely experiencing a(n) _______
hallucination.
somatic Incorrect
auditory Incorrect
olfactory Incorrect
gustatory (True Answer )Correct
2338
A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news and
screams in situations that most people see as warm and tender is
experiencing:
cognitive distortion. Incorrect

inappropriate affect. (True Answer )Correct
olfactory hallucination Incorrect
2339
Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social
withdrawal, are all examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive Incorrect
negative (True Answer )Correct
hallucinatory Incorrect
2340
In the middle of a normal, calm conversation, a person with Tourette's
syndrome might suddenly begin shouting, and then follow that with a
string of obscenities. This is similar to the symptom of schizophrenia
called:
blunted and flat affect. Incorrect
inappropriate affect. (True Answer )Correct
poverty of speech. Incorrect
loss of volition. Incorrect
2341
A person with schizophrenia who is experiencing alogia is displaying:
poverty of speech. (True Answer )Correct
blunted or flat affect. Incorrect
social withdrawal. Incorrect
2342
The decrease in the fluency and productivity of speech that is seen in
schizophrenia is specifically termed:
alogia. (True Answer )Correct
blocking. Incorrect
avolition. Incorrect
catatonia. Incorrect
2343
An emergency medical technician (EMT) arrives at the scene of a bad
car accident, and calmly prepares a severely injured passenger for
transport to a hospital while others at the scene are screaming and
crying with fear and grief. The EMT's training has resulted in behavior
similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called:
ahedonia. Incorrect
blunted affect. (True Answer )Correct
2344
I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new

multiple-choice test item; I just don't seem to care. My behavior is like
that of people with schizophrenia displaying the symptom called:
avolition. (True Answer )Correct
ahedonia. Incorrect
inappropriate affect. Incorrect
2345
Martin is a person with schizophrenia who feels ambivalent about most
issues. He has no goals and does not seem to have the energy or
interest to think about them. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is
MOST likely suffering from:
disturbances in affect. Incorrect
disturbances in volition. (True Answer )Correct
a disturbed sense of self. Incorrect
a disturbed relationship with the outside world. Incorrect
2346
A person with schizophrenia who is experiencing anhedonia is
displaying:
blunted or flat affect. (True Answer )Correct
2347
A person with schizophrenia who is feeling apathetic, drained, and
unable to start or follow through on any projects is displaying:
loss of volition. (True Answer )Correct
2348
Those with with schizophrenia who are unable to recognize other
people's needs and emotions and who also distance themselves from
reality are displaying:
social withdrawal. (True Answer )Correct
2349
The inability to move limbs in catatonic schizophrenia illustrates ______
active Incorrect
positive Incorrect
negative Incorrect
psychomotor (True Answer )Correct
2350
Those with schizophrenia who stop responding to their environment

and remain motionless and silent for long periods of time are
experiencing:
catatonic stupor. (True Answer )Correct
catatonic excitement. Incorrect
catatonic rigidity. Incorrect
catatonic posturing. Incorrect
2351
Noreen has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She is totally
unresponsive to her environment. She does not move for hours on end
and never responds to contacts from others. This is an example of:
catatonic stupor. (True Answer )Correct
general dysphoria. Incorrect
inappropriate affect. Incorrect
2352
Those with schizophrenia who hold awkward and bizarre positions for
long periods of time are experiencing:
catatonic stupor. Incorrect
catatonic posturing. (True Answer )Correct
2353
Those with schizophrenia who remain standing for hours and resist
efforts to be moved are experiencing:
catatonic rigidity. (True Answer )Correct
2354
Which of the following two pairs MOST closely represent opposites in
terms of the behavior you would observe in people with schizophrenia?
catatonic stupor and catatonic excitement (True Answer )Correct
catatonic rigidity and catatonic stupor Incorrect
catatonic posturing and catatonic rigidity Incorrect
catatonic excitement and catatonic posturing Incorrect
2355
People with schizophrenia who wave their arms around in wild motions
and make kicking motions with their legs are experiencing:
catatonic excitement. (True Answer )Correct
2356
The stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by

deterioration of functioning and the display of some mild symptoms is
called the:
active phase. Incorrect
residual phase. Incorrect
prodromal phase. (True Answer )Correct
premorbid phase. Incorrect
2357
A person is socially withdrawn, speaks in odd ways, has strange ideas,
and expresses little emotion, but she is not displaying full-blown
schizophrenic symptoms. What phase of schizophrenia is this person
in?
prodromal Incorrect
active Incorrect
residual Incorrect
either prodromal or residual (True Answer )Correct
2358
Patients are MORE likely to recover from schizophrenia if they:
had hallucinations but no delusions. Incorrect
showed delusions but no hallucinations. Incorrect
demonstrated good premorbid functioning. (True Answer )Correct
had primarily negative rather than positive signs. Incorrect
2359
Delia does not display all the full-blown schizophrenia symptoms
anymore. Occasionally, a shadow of a symptom appears. She is a bit
withdrawn and not entirely clear all the time, but she can marginally
function in the world. This is an example of:
residual schizophrenia. (True Answer )Correct
catatonic schizophrenia. Incorrect
paranoid schizophrenia. Incorrect
undifferentiated schizophrenia. Incorrect
2360
Which of the following is NOT related to a fuller recovery from
schizophrenia?
good prodromal functioning Incorrect
schizophrenia initially triggered by stress Incorrect
schizophrenia developing in early life (True Answer )Correct
an abrupt beginning to the disorder Incorrect
2361
A person with schizophrenia who is mute, statuelike, and fails to
participate in the hospital routine is MOST likely experiencing _______
schizophrenia.
disorganized Incorrect
catatonic (True Answer )Correct
paranoid Incorrect
undifferentiated Incorrect
2362
A person with schizophrenia demonstrates poverty of speech, and
experiences auditory hallucinations. According to the Type I-Type II
evaluation categorization, this person would be:
Type I. Incorrect
Type II. Incorrect
a mix of Type I and Type II (True Answer )Correct
neither Type I nor Type II, because these types apply only to the
prodromal phase. Incorrect
2363
Regarding likelihood of recovery and types of symptoms exhibited,
which of the following would be the WORST disorder to have?
Type I schizophrenia Incorrect
Type II schizophrenia (True Answer )Correct
Type III schizophrenia Incorrect
Type IV schizophrenia Incorrect
2364
While Type I schizophrenia is dominated by ______ symptoms, Type II
schizophrenia is dominated by ______ symptoms.
alogia; avolition Incorrect
negative; positive Incorrect
positive; negative (True Answer )Correct
negative; catatonia Incorrect
2365
According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia:
people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop
it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present. (True Answer )
Correct
people with certain psychosocial stressors will develop
schizophrenia in the absence of a biological predisposition. Incorrect
biological predispositions for schizophrenia override any evidence
for the importance of psychosocial stressors. Incorrect
people with certain biological predispositions will develop
schizophrenia in the absence of psychosocial stressors. Incorrect
2366
Based on family pedigree studies, which relative of an individual with a
diagnosis of schizophrenia would be MOST at risk for developing the
disorder?
niece Incorrect
sister (True Answer )Correct
father Incorrect
grandson Incorrect
2367
What is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins?
2?5 percent Incorrect
40?60 percent (True Answer )Correct

2368
In general, the closer people are genetically related to someone with
schizophrenia, the MORE likely they are to be diagnosed with
schizophrenia as well. This is evidence of:
a positive correlation between a schizophrenia diagnosis and
closeness of relationship. (True Answer )Correct
a negative correlation between a schizophrenia diagnosis and
closeness of relationship. Incorrect
a causal relationship between a schizophrenia diagnosis and
no clear relationship between a schizophrenia diagnosis and
2369
Which of the following groups of relatives of someone diagnosed with
schizophrenia shows the correct sequence from having the highest
concordance rate for schizophrenia to having the lowest concordance
rate for schizophrenia?
parent, sibling, first cousin Incorrect
parent, first cousin, sibling Incorrect
sibling, parent, first cousin (True Answer )Correct
sibling, first cousin, parent Incorrect
2370
Which of the following statements about genetic factors in
schizophrenia is accurate?
Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be
diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with
Fraternal twins have a higher concordance rate for schizophrenia
than do identical twins. Incorrect
Those with schizophrenia who have been adopted are more like
their adoptive parents than like their biological parents. Incorrect
Recent family studies eliminate the confounding of environment and
genetics. Incorrect
2371
Recent research shows that if one identical twin develops
schizophrenia, there is about a 50 percent chance the other twin will
develop schizophrenia. If future research confirms this finding, we will
have evidence of:
a strong genetic component of schizophrenia. Incorrect
a strong environmental component of schizophrenia. Incorrect
strong environmental and strong genetic components of
a single, strong schizophrenia gene. Incorrect
2372
If schizophrenia depended solely on genetic make-up, then compared

to rates of schizophrenia in siblings in general, fraternal twins should
have:
four times the concordance rate for schizophrenia. Incorrect
twice the concordance rate for schizophrenia. Incorrect
the same concordance rate for schizophrenia. (True Answer )Correct
half the concordance rate for schizophrenia. Incorrect
2373
The data from studies of the biological and adoptive parents of children
who receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia as adults show that the
concordance rate of schizophrenia with biological relatives is:
lower than with adoptive relatives. Incorrect
higher than with adoptive relatives. (True Answer )Correct
a direct function of the age at adoption. Incorrect
equally low with both biological and adoptive relatives. Incorrect
2374
Which of the following statements BEST fits the evidence for the
biological basis of schizophrenia?
The gene that causes schizophrenia has been identified in position
21, and it is recessive. Incorrect
Schizophrenia is a polygenetic disorder, probably impacting brain
structure and chemical activity. (True Answer )Correct
If someone inherits defects on chromosomes 1?11 and 15?19, that
person is likely to experience schizophrenia. Incorrect
Genetic studies have revealed no gene involvement in
2375
For the first two weeks after starting college, a student can't seem to
talk coherently and is generally unresponsive to the moods of other
students in the same dorm. Soon, the student resumes normal patterns
of speaking and social interaction. This is an example of:
schizoaffective disorder. Incorrect
catatonic schizophrenia. Incorrect
schizophreniform disorder. Incorrect
brief psychotic disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2376
A middle-aged individual shows many of the negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, and at the same time often appears profoundly
depressed. The symptoms have lasted
almost a year. This is an example of:
shared psychotic disorder. Incorrect
undifferentiated type of schizophrenia. Incorrect
schizoaffective disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2377
A person acts extremely jealous all the time, and complains bitterly
whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This has
been going on for a couple of months, and the person shows no other
substantial symptoms. The BEST diagnosis, assuming the extreme
jealousy has no basis in fact, is:
delusional disorder. (True Answer )Correct
brief psychotic disorder. Incorrect
2378
A young adult who still lives at home has a parent who frequently
exhibits delusions of grandeur, so much so that the young adult
eventually develops delusions of grandeur, as well. The young adult's
psychotic disorder is called:
codependent disorder. Incorrect
shared psychotic disorder. (True Answer )Correct
second-degree schizophreniform disorder. Incorrect
2379
A mother experiences baby blues shortly after delivering a child. The
chances that she later will develop postpartum psychosis are closest
to:
1 in 2. Incorrect
1 in 10. Incorrect
1 in 100. Incorrect
1 in 1,000. (True Answer )Correct
2380
A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. MOST
likely, she will:
neither progress to postpartum psychosis, nor physically harm her
child. (True Answer )Correct
progress to postpartum psychosis, but will not physically harm her
child. Incorrect
not progress to postpartum psychosis, but will physically harm her
child. Incorrect
progress to postpartum psychosis, and will physically harm
her child. Incorrect
2381
Postpartum psychosis occurs:
in 1?2 percent of women, beginning soon after childbirth. (True
Answer )Correct
in about 5 percent of women, beginning soon after childbirth.
Incorrect
in 1?2 percent of women beginning 1-2 years after childbirth.
Incorrect
in about 5 percent of women, beginning 1?2 years after childbirth

Incorrect
2382
Symptoms of postpartum psychosis appear to be triggered by:
the sudden loss of social status a woman experiences immediately
after giving birth. Incorrect
maternal diabetes, which is at its worst during and after birth.
Incorrect
feelings of diminished worth, combined with anxiety related to child
care. Incorrect
a large shift in hormones occurring just after childbirth. (True
Answer )Correct
2383
Andrea Yates, showing symptoms of postpartum psychosis, drowned
her five children in 2001. Assuming she was suffering from postpartum
psychosis, her actions were:
typical; almost all of women with postpartum psychosis harm their
offspring. Incorrect
typical; at least 75 percent of women with postpartum psychosis
harm their offspring. Incorrect
somewhat typical; about 50 percent of women with postpartum
psychosis harm their offspring. Incorrect
atypical; less than 10 percent of women with postpartum psychosis
harm or attempt to harm their offspring. (True Answer )Correct
2384
Which of the following is the BEST example of a finding from genetic
linkage and molecular biology studies?
The brains of those with schizophrenia are structured differently
from the brains of those without schizophrenia. Incorrect
Those with schizophrenia process certain neurotransmitters
differently from those without schizophrenia. Incorrect
Gene defects on certain chromosomes predispose one to
Biological relatives of those with schizophrenia are at greatest risk
for schizophrenia. Incorrect
2385
Does research support the thinking that there is a schizophrenia
gene?
No: schizophrenia is probably a polygenic disorder, and researchers
have not pinpointed the exact gene yet. (True Answer )Correct
No: schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder, and we know the exact
genes. Incorrect
Yes: schizophrenia is a monogenic disorder, although we don't know
the exact gene yet. Incorrect
Yes: schizophrenia is a monogenic disorder, and we know the exact
gene. Incorrect
2386
Why are people taking medication for schizophrenia often given
medication that helps control shaking and tremors?
Schizophrenia often leads to the development of Parkinsonism.
Incorrect
Medication used to treat schizophrenia leads to Parkinson-like
symptoms. (True Answer )Correct
Dopamine is used to treat both schizophrenia and Parkinsonism.
Incorrect
Too little or too much dopamine (an imbalance) leads to
Parkinsonism and schizophrenia. Incorrect
2387
Which of the following best supports the dopamine hypothesis for
schizophrenia?
Like those with Parkinsonism, those with schizophrenia have
unusually low levels of dopamine. Incorrect
Antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinson-like symptoms. (True
Answer )Correct
Antipsychotic drugs increase the rate of firing at dopamine receptor
sites. Incorrect
Dopamine levels vary across the different kinds of schizophrenia.
Incorrect
2388
Researchers found that phenothiazines reduced psychotic symptoms
but also caused Parkinsonian symptoms, like tremors. This discovery
suggests that:
schizophrenia masks Parkinson's disease. Incorrect
schizophrenia is tied to excessive dopamine. (True Answer
)Correct
excessive dopamine is tied to Parkinson's disease. Incorrect
schizophrenia causes the synthesis of excessive amounts of
dopamine. Incorrect
2389
If a person receives the chemical L-dopa, a precursor of dopamine, it
reduces the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, L-dopa may
increase symptoms of schizophrenia. What might one reasonably
conclude from this?
L-dopa causes schizophrenia. Incorrect
Excessive dopamine produces schizophrenic symptoms. (True
Answer )Correct
Antipsychotic medication decreases the amount of L-dopa in the
brain. Incorrect
Antipsychotic medication increases the amount of dopamine in the
brain. Incorrect
2390
The link between dopamine and schizophrenia is supported by the

finding that:
lower dopamine activity helps remove schizophrenic symptoms.
the use of L-dopa can reduce schizophrenic symptoms. Incorrect
antipsychotic drugs can block Parkinsonian symptoms. Incorrect
dopamine-receiving synapses in persons with schizophrenia are
apparently inactive. Incorrect
2391
A new medication for schizophrenia appears to work because it blocks
dopamine from binding to a receptor. The new medication functions as:
a dopamine production inhibitor. Incorrect
a dopamine antagonist. (True Answer )Correct
D-1 enhancer. Incorrect
D-2 enhancer. Incorrect
2392
Recently the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been
challenged because it has been discovered that:
effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of
serotonin as well as dopamine. (True Answer )Correct
excessive dopamine activity contributes to only some kinds of
atypical antipsychotic drugs work exclusively on dopamine
receptors. Incorrect
those with catatonic schizophrenia respond better to atypical than
to traditional antipsychotic drugs. Incorrect
2393
You have found enlarged ventricles during a postmortem analysis on a
sample of brain tissue. This is MOST likely to be evidence of:
conversion disorder. Incorrect
schizophrenia involving mainly positive symptoms. Incorrect
schizophrenia involving mainly negative symptoms. (True Answer )
Correct
2394
Chemically speaking, why do people who are methamphetamine
addicts sometimes display schizophrenic-like behavior?
Amphetamines are chemically similar to the medications used to
treat schizophrenia. Incorrect
Amphetamines increase dopamine in the brain, leading to a
schizophrenic-like response. (True Answer )Correct
Amphetamines decrease dopamine in the brain, leading to a
schizophrenic-like response. Incorrect
Amphetamines are used to treat the unpleasant side-effects of
2395
Regarding brain structure, those with schizophrenia have been found

to have all of the following EXCEPT:
reduced blood flow to the brain. Incorrect
smaller frontal lobes than nonschizophrenics. Incorrect
larger amounts of cortical gray matter. (True Answer )Correct
enlarged ventricles. Incorrect
2396
The finding that the HIGHEST rates of schizophrenia are found among
people who are born during the winter supports which theory of
schizophrenia?
viral theory (True Answer )Correct
genetic theory Incorrect
dopamine theory Incorrect
biochemical theory Incorrect
2397
The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain
abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure:
before birth. (True Answer )Correct
between birth and two years old. Incorrect
during puberty. Incorrect
during the two years just after puberty. Incorrect
2398
Since 1950, interest in psychological explanations for schizophrenia, as
opposed to genetic and biological explanations have:
decreased, then increased. (True Answer )Correct
increased, then decreased. Incorrect
decreased steadily. Incorrect
stayed the same. Incorrect
2399
According to Freud, people with schizophrenia:
regress to the anal period. Incorrect
are the victims of double-bind communication. Incorrect
regress to a pre-ego state of primary narcissism. (True Answer )
Correct
receive a label that influences them to behave in a schizophrenic
manner. Incorrect
2400
According to Freudian psychodynamic interpretation, people who
develop schizophrenia regress to a state of:
secondary denial. Incorrect
primary narcissism. (True Answer )Correct
primary process thought. Incorrect
secondary thought processing. Incorrect
2401
According to Frieda Fromm-Reichmann (1948), schizophrenia is caused
by:
an excess of dopamine. Incorrect

a schizophrenogenic mother. (True Answer )Correct
regression to a stage of primary narcissism. Incorrect
brain abnormalities. Incorrect
2402
A psychodynamic theorist of the twenty-first century is MOST likely to
say:
Fromm-Reichmann was right; schizophrenogenic mothers cause
most cases of schizophrenia. Incorrect
Fromm-Reichmann was wrong; schizophrenogenic teachers cause
most cases of schizophrenia. Incorrect
Extreme regression can lead to biological
abnormalities. Incorrect
Biological abnormalities can lead to extreme regression. (True
Answer )Correct
2403
Most contemporary psychodynamic theorists would agree with which
of the following statements?
Schizophrenogenic mothers confuse their children, resulting in their
children becoming schizophrenic. Incorrect
Schizophrenogenic mothers, if they do exist, don't create
schizophrenic children. (True Answer )Correct
Schizophrenogenia should be applied to fathers as well as to
mothers. Incorrect
Schizophrenogenia has been supported by research as an important
contributor to schizophrenia. Incorrect
2404
The behavioral view of schizophrenia:
provides a complete explanation for the origins and symptoms of
provides no explanation for the origins and symptoms of
provides a partial explanation for the origins and symptoms of
has not been explored to further understand the origins and
symptoms of schizophrenia. Incorrect
2405
If one receives a good deal of attention for unusual behaviors, is it any
surprise those behaviors are strengthened? is a question MOST likely
asked by what kind of theorist?
cognitive Incorrect
2406
In many cases, people with schizophrenia make at least modest gains

when they receive behavioral therapy. These findings MOST likely
indicate that:
learning is the cause of schizophrenia. Incorrect
other forms of therapy are inappropriate. Incorrect
some symptoms of schizophrenia may be learned. (True Answer )
Correct
operant, but not classical, conditioning causes symptoms of
2407
A person begins exhibiting early symptoms of schizophrenia; for
example, hearing voices. Family members decide to discuss the voices
with the person, to try to understand what is going on. This action by
family members should:
increase the likelihood of future symptoms, according to both the
behavioral and the cognitive viewpoints. Incorrect
decrease the likelihood of future symptoms, according to the
behavioral and the cognitive viewpoint. Incorrect
increase the likelihood of future symptoms, according to the
behavioral viewpoint only. (True Answer )Correct
increase the likelihood of future symptoms, according to the
cognitive viewpoint only. Incorrect
2408
The cognitive view of schizophrenia is based on the assumption that
those with schizophrenia experience strange and unreal sensations:
then tell their friends and family, who deny the reality of the
sensations. (True Answer )Correct
and misinterpret them as normal. Incorrect
that have no basis in biology. Incorrect
that are confirmed by their schizophrengernic mothers. Incorrect
2409
Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you it's your
imagination, but eventually, you come to think your friends are hiding
something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their
behavior. This thinking leads you down the rational path to madness.
This scenario is consistent with the:
cognitive view. (True Answer )Correct
behavioral view. Incorrect
existential view. Incorrect
psychodynamic view. Incorrect
2410
The rational path to madness is MOST consistent with a:
behavioral orientation. Incorrect
family systems orientation. Incorrect
psychoanalytic orientation. Incorrect
cognitive orientation. (True Answer )Correct
2411
Which of the following MOST accurately represents the rational path
to madness?
I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with
others. Others say I am imagining things. I decide others are lying to
me. (True Answer )Correct
I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others.
Others give me lots of attention and sympathy. I experience more
symptoms. Incorrect
Others say I am imagining things. I decide they are right and become
depressed. Incorrect
Others argue rationally against my symptoms. I believe them and no
longer have symptoms. Incorrect
2412
more likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but less likely to
be institutionalized. Incorrect
more likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and more likely
to be institutionalized. Incorrect
less likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and less likely to
be institutionalized. (True Answer )Correct
less likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but more likely to
be institutionalized. Incorrect
2413
Compared to those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in
developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in
developed countries are:
less likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized. (True
Answer )Correct
less likely to recover fully, and less likely to be hospitalized.
Incorrect
more likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized.
Incorrect
more likely to recover fully, and less likely to be hospitalized.
Incorrect
2414
A particular country has almost a 3 percent prevalence for
schizophrenia. That country:
has a normal schizophrenia prevalence. Incorrect
has a lower-than-average schizophrenia prevalence. Incorrect
has a higher-than-average schizophrenia prevalence. (True Answer )
Correct
has such a high schizophrenia prevalence that it almost certainly is
a developing country. Incorrect
2415
A person diagnosed with schizophrenia is not hospitalized, yet
eventually shows complete remission of symptoms. This pattern is:
typical of what happens in developing countries. (True Answer )
Correct
typical of what happens in developed countries. Incorrect
unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developing countries,
but remission of symptoms is typical in developed countries. Incorrect
unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developed countries, but
remission of symptoms is typical in developing countries. Incorrect
2416
Studies relating rates of diagnosis of schizophrenia to poverty and race
show:
a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and poverty.
Incorrect
a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and race. Incorrect
a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and both race and
poverty. (True Answer )Correct
no clear connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia and either
race or poverty. Incorrect
2417
The complete remission rate for those diagnosed with schizophrenia is:
higher in developed countries than in undeveloped countries,
possibly because of better access to powerful antipsychotic drugs.
Incorrect
higher in developed countries than in undeveloped countries,
possibly because of better access to hospitalization. Incorrect
higher in developing countries than in undeveloped countries,
possibly because of better family and social support. (True Answer )
Correct
higher in developing countries than in undeveloped countries,
possibly because of decreased societal tolerance of positive symptoms.
Incorrect
2418
A person is labeled schizophrenic by the community. Based on
available evidence, it is MOST likely that:
community members, and the person, will have a more negative
view of the person. (True Answer )Correct
community members, but not the person, will have a more
negative view of the person. Incorrect
the person, but not community members, will have a more negative
view of the person. Incorrect
neither the person nor community members will have a more
negative view of the person. Incorrect
2419
People around those who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia

begin to treat them as if they are crazy, expecting and overreacting
to odd behaviors that they might not even notice in others. This
observation is MOST consistent with the ______ understanding of
schizophrenia.
family systems Incorrect
cognitive Incorrect
sociocultural (True Answer )Correct
2420
David Rosenhan (1973) sent eight normal people to various psychiatric
hospitals. All eight complained of hearing voices that said empty,
hollow, and thud. After being admitted to one of the hospitals,
each person acted normally, yet all were diagnosed as schizophrenic.
One of the conclusions from this study is that:
clinicians are unable to detect real schizophrenia. Incorrect
the expectations produced by labeling can alter perception. (True
Answer )Correct
hospitals can produce schizophrenic behavior in normal people.
Incorrect
auditory hallucinations are sufficient for diagnosis as schizophrenic.
Incorrect
2421
Which of the following is the BEST example of a double-bind
communication?
saying Get away from me while frowning and crossing one's arms
Incorrect
saying I love you but refusing to allow the child in your lap (True
Answer )Correct
saying I love you and cuddling the child Incorrect
saying Get away from me. You are not my child when you act like
that. Incorrect
2422
Families that display high levels of expressed emotion do all of the
following EXCEPT:
intrude on one another's privacy. Incorrect
frequently express negative emotions toward each other. Incorrect
show hostility toward each other. Incorrect
approve of one another's actions. (True Answer )Correct
2423
If observations of a relationship between expressed emotion in
families and recovery from schizophrenia demonstrate cause-andeffect, one would predict that relapse would be LEAST common in
schizophrenics whose families:
frequently express criticism, and do not allow much privacy.
Incorrect
frequently express criticism, and allow a good deal of privacy.

Incorrect
infrequently express criticism, and do not allow much privacy.
Incorrect
infrequently express criticism, and allow a good deal of privacy.
2424
Schizophrenia researchers have been:
about equally successful in identifying biological and psychological
origins of schizophrenia. Incorrect
more successful in identifying biological origins than psychological
origins of schizophrenia. (True Answer )Correct
more successful in identifying psychological origins than biological
origins of schizophrenia. Incorrect
frustratingly unsuccessful in identifying either biological or
psychological origins of schizophrenia. Incorrect
2116
First, discuss the characteristics of male hypoactive sexual desire
disorder and female sexual interest/arousal disorder. Second, give and
discuss two examples from each of the probable biological,
psychological, and sociocultural causes of these disorders.
2117
Select any three of the following sexual dysfunctionsmale erectile
disorder, early ejaculation, female orgasmic disorder, vaginismus.
Define each of them and discuss possible causes of the dysfunction.
Additionally, describe in detail a course of therapy that would likely be
successful for one of the three dysfunctions you choose.
2118
Discuss the changes in the understanding and treatment of sexual
dysfunction over the last 40 years.
2119
Modern sex therapy includes a variety of principles and techniques
that should be used in almost all cases, regardless of the dysfunction.
Name and briefly describe five of them.
2120
Discuss 3 different approaches for treating erectile disorder and how
each works.
2121
Discuss the best treatment for female orgasmic disorder, including

what the treatment entails as well as any controversial issues.
2122
Forms of behavior therapy frequently are used in the treatment of
fetishes. Define and describe the following three forms of behavior
therapy: masturbatory satiation, orgasmic reorientation, and aversion
therapy.
2123
Define pedophilic disorder, being sure to describe the typical
individual with this disorder. Second, describe a form of therapy that
has been used with pedophiles.
2124
What is gender dysphoria? Discuss the biological explanations for the
disorder. In addition, discuss the treatment options for the disorder.
2125
The sex hormones, ______ and ______, influence the sex drives of men
and women.
testosterone, estrogen, prolactin (True Answer )
*
2126
______ is the inability to achieve an erection.
Erectile disorder (True Answer )
*
2127
The biological cause of male erectile disorder is MOST frequently ______
abnormality.
vascular (True Answer )
*
2128
Nocturnal penile erections are measured through a screening device
called a(n) ______.
snap gauge band (True Answer )
*
2129
Masters and Johnson state that sexual disorders are often maintained
because during intercourse one or both partners adopt a spectator role
or have crippling fears about ______.
performance (True Answer )
*
2130
In males, delay in achieving orgasm, or not achieving it even after
adequate stimulation, is termed ______.
male orgasmic disorder (True Answer )

*
2131
A woman experiencing _____ has vaginal muscle spasms that prevent
comfortable entry of a penis.
vaginismus (True Answer )
*
2132
Pain in the genitals during intercourse is called ______.
dyspareunia (True Answer )
*
2133
In sex therapy, ______ refers to the belief that both partners in a
relationship share the sexual problem.
mutual responsibility (True Answer )
*
2134
The technique _____ are a graded set of sexual exercises in which
partners explore each other's body but with no demand to have
intercourse.
sensate focus, nondemand pleasuring (True Answer )
*
2135
A vacuum erection device may be used to treat ______ in males.
erectile failure (True Answer )
*
2136
A person who has _______ may rub his genitals against an unsuspecting
person in a crowded theater.
frotteurism (True Answer )
*
2137
The disorder frotteurism gradually decreases and often disappears by
age ______.
25 (True Answer )
*
2138
When people nearly strangle themselves to achieve arousal, they are
practicing ______.
hypoxyphilia (True Answer )
*
2139
Individuals who feel that their actual gender identity is different from
the gender they were born with would be diagnosed as having ______.
gender dysphoria (True Answer )
*
2140
The procedure of constructing a functioning penis in a sex change
operation is called _______.
phalloplasty (True Answer )
*
2141
A paraphilia:
usually involves rape. Incorrect
is a response to a socially inappropriate object or situation. (True
Answer )Correct
is an inability to experience sexual arousal. Incorrect
is an inability to achieve sexual satisfaction. Incorrect
2142
A person who becomes sexually aroused in the presence of stimuli
most people in that person's society would not think appropriate is
experiencing:
sexual dysfunction. Incorrect
gender identity disorder. Incorrect
paraphilia. (True Answer )Correct
hyperactive sexual desire. Incorrect
2143
If someone felt assigned to the wrong sex and identified with the other
gender, that person would MOST likely receive a diagnosis of:
gender dysphoria. (True Answer )Correct
homosexuality. Incorrect
fetishism. Incorrect
sexual dysfunction. Incorrect
2144
Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples:
are virtually nonexistent. Incorrect
generally are more severe than among heterosexual couples.
Incorrect
include two distinct categories not included among heterosexual
dysfunctions. Incorrect
are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples. (True
Answer )Correct
2145
If someone had a sexual dysfunction, we know that this person would
not be having difficulty in which of the following phases of the sexual
response cycle?
excitement Incorrect
resolution (True Answer )Correct
orgasm Incorrect
desire Incorrect
2146
In a person who has an unusually long resolution phase of the sexual

response cycle, which of the following is MOST likely?
The person is a man. Incorrect
The person is a teenager. Incorrect
The person did not have an orgasm. (True Answer )Correct
The person was never aroused. Incorrect
2147
A man who has never been able to achieve or maintain an erection for
sexual intercourse would MOST likely be diagnosed with what type of
erectile disorder?
acquired Incorrect
lifelong (True Answer )Correct
situational Incorrect
generalized Incorrect
2148
A woman is perfectly capable of masturbating herself to orgasm, yet is
unable to reach orgasm with a partner, either through sexual
intercourse or through being masturbated. MOST likely, this type of
orgasmic disorder would be called:
lifelong. Incorrect
acquired. Incorrect
generalized. Incorrect
situational. (True Answer )Correct
2149
If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years
and gradually developed a problem with becoming aroused under any
conditions, the type of dysfunction would be:
lifelong and situational. Incorrect
acquired and situational. Incorrect
lifelong and generalized. Incorrect
acquired and generalized. (True Answer )Correct
2150
If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years
and then had a problem with becoming aroused only when with her
husband as a partner, the type of dysfunction would be:
lifelong and situational. Incorrect
acquired and situational. (True Answer )Correct
acquired and generalized. Incorrect
2151
If a woman had never experienced normal sexual functioning with her
husband and had a problem with becoming aroused with him, but
found she could be aroused with other men, the type of dysfunction
would be:
lifelong and situational. (True Answer )Correct
acquired and situational. Incorrect

acquired and generalized. Incorrect
2152
A person who once experienced normal to above-normal levels of
sexual desire recently has begun to feel much less than normal sexual
desire. A sexual dysfunction following this pattern would be called what
type?
situational Incorrect
acquired (True Answer )Correct
lifelong Incorrect
generalized Incorrect
2153
According to Masters and Johnson, the resolution phase is more
gradual and less sudden in women when:
they do not experience orgasm. (True Answer )Correct
they do not experience arousal. Incorrect
they experience a sexual aversion. Incorrect
they have experienced multiple orgasms. Incorrect
2154
An otherwise healthy man reports almost no interest in sexual activity,
and has had very few sexual experiences in the past several years.
That person MOST likely is experiencing:
hypoactive sexual desire. (True Answer )Correct
paraphilia. Incorrect
sexual aversion. Incorrect
sexual repulsion. Incorrect
2155
Hypoactive sexual desire may include all of the following EXCEPT:
a low level of sexual activity. Incorrect
finding sexual activity repulsive. (True Answer )Correct
a lack of interest in sexual activity. Incorrect
normal physical sexual responses. Incorrect
2156
To be classified as having hypoactive sexual desire, one would have a
reduced interest in sex and little sexual activity, lasting:
a week. Incorrect
a month (True Answer )Correct
six months. Incorrect
a year. Incorrect
2157
Some individuals experience a normal interest in sex but choose not to
engage in sexual relations. Such people would be diagnosed with:
hypoactive sexual desire. Incorrect
no sexual dysfunction. (True Answer )Correct
failure of the sexual response cycle. Incorrect
2158
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder differs from male hypoactive
sexual desire disorder MOST notably in that it:
includes difficulties in both the desire and arousal stages of the
sexual response cycle. (True Answer )Correct
leads to reproductive difficulties. Incorrect
is much more likely to be physically caused than psychologically
caused. Incorrect
is much more difficult to treat. Incorrect
2159
A woman who experiences little sexual response to erotic cues and
physical stimulation is MOST likely experiencing:
sexual interest/arousal disorder. (True Answer )Correct
hypersexuality. Incorrect
vaginismus. Incorrect
gender dysphoria. Incorrect
2160
Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in
low, but not high levels?
estrogen Incorrect
prolactin Incorrect
testosterone (True Answer )Correct
progesterone Incorrect
2161
Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in
either low or high levels?
estrogen (True Answer )Correct
prolactin Incorrect
testosterone Incorrect
progesterone Incorrect
2162
A young woman who formerly had a fairly high sex drive, and who
reports no new medical problems, nonetheless experiences an
unexpected drop in sex drive. What would be an important question to
ask her, before recommending some sort of psychotherapy?
Have you been exposed to high levels of testosterone lately?
Incorrect
Have you recently started taking birth control pills? (True
Answer )Correct
Have you recently stopped using marijuana? Incorrect
Have you experienced lower levels of prolactin lately? Incorrect
2163
Which of the following drugs, used at low levels, may raise the sex
drive?
alcohol (True Answer )Correct
cocaine Incorrect
amphetamines Incorrect
pain medication Incorrect
2164
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms may contribute to hypoactive sexual
desire because someone with this disorder:
finds contact with body fluids and odors unpleasant. (True Answer )
Correct
compulsively seeks sexual partners. Incorrect
obsesses about having no sexual partners. Incorrect
is too afraid to enjoy sexual activity. Incorrect
2165
If a therapist were seeing patients for treatment of hypoactive sexual
desire, the therapist would be MOST likely to find which of the following
disorders as well?
schizophrenia and eating disorders Incorrect
substance abuse and anxiety disorder Incorrect
depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (True Answer )
Correct
organic brain dysfunction and personality
disorders Incorrect
2166
During the young adult years (1824), which of the following is LEAST
common among women?
masturbation Incorrect
not having had heterosexual contact (True Answer )Correct
having had sexual contact with a same-sex partner Incorrect
having had heterosexual contact Incorrect
2167
If grandma is 90 and healthy, what is the percent chance she still
masturbates at least occasionally?
about 10 percent Incorrect
over 20 percent (True Answer )Correct
2168
About 90 percent of males in their ______ years masturbate one or two
times a week and most have two sex partners
teenage (True Answer )Correct
2169
If grandpa is 90 and healthy, what is the percent chance he still
masturbates at least occasionally?
2170
Studies of patterns of teenage sexual behavior today compared to such

behavior a generation ago show today's teens having:
intercourse younger, and using condoms more. (True Answer )
Correct
intercourse younger, and using condoms less. Incorrect
intercourse at about the same age, and using condoms more.
Incorrect
intercourse at about the same age, and using condoms less.
Incorrect
2171
The following are all examples of sociocultural causes of hypoactive
sexual disorder EXCEPT:
having a partner lacking in sexual skills. Incorrect
loss of a job. Incorrect
infertility problems. Incorrect
pain medication. (True Answer )Correct
2172
The event that is very likely to result in sexual aversion or hypoactive
sexual desire is:
sexual molestation. (True Answer )Correct
the birth of a child. Incorrect
infertility difficulties. Incorrect
conflict in a relationship. Incorrect
2173
A recently married, physically healthy man expresses great love for his
new spouse, yet feels almost no sexual desire for her. One likely cause
of his condition is:
belief in a cultural double standard about women. (True Answer )
Correct
decreased testosterone output due to drinking on his wedding night.
Incorrect
increased estrogen output now that he has settled down.
Incorrect
a relationship that is too positive and healthy. Incorrect
2174
In females, the labia swells during which phase of the sexual response
cycle?
desire (True Answer )Correct
arousal Incorrect
orgasm Incorrect
resolution Incorrect
2175
In males, the penis becomes erect during which phase of the sexual
response cycle?
arousal (True Answer )Correct
orgasm Incorrect
2176
Women with sexual arousal disorder have difficulty with:
painful intercourse. Incorrect
vaginal spasms. Incorrect
maintaining proper lubrication. (True Answer )Correct
stereotypical female sex roles. Incorrect
2177
A woman reports having vivid sexual fantasies, yet is unable to
experience either clitoral or labial swelling, or vaginal lubrication. The
MOST likely diagnosis for this woman would be:
fridgity. Incorrect
female orgasmic disorder. Incorrect
sexual interest arousal disorder. (True Answer )Correct
2178
What were once referred to as frigidity and impotence are dysfunctions
that occur during the ______ phase of sexual arousal.
excitement (True Answer )Correct
orgasmic Incorrect
desire Incorrect
2179
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of female sexual interest
arousal disorder?
lack of clitoral swelling Incorrect
lack of interest in sexual activity Incorrect
inadequate lubrication during sexual activity (True Answer )Correct
vaginal contractions that prevent penetration Incorrect
2180
A recent study of erectile disorder showed that most cases of erectile
disorder are caused by:
psychosocial factors. Incorrect
physical impairment. Incorrect
a combination of psychosocial and physical causes. (True Answer )
Correct
causes other than psychosocial or physical ones. Incorrect
2181
In looking for a biological cause of an erectile disorder, one would
MOST productively look for a:
neurological problem. Incorrect
vascular problem. (True Answer )Correct
reproductive problem. Incorrect
renal problem. Incorrect
2182
What is the MOST common biological cause of erectile failure in men?

diabetes Incorrect
performance anxiety Incorrect
vascular problems (True Answer )Correct
abnormal hormone levels Incorrect
2183
A person who (unfortunately) had the following disordersclogged
arteries, diabetes, kidney failurewould be at special risk for:
erectile disorder. (True Answer )Correct
dyspareunia. Incorrect
2184
A healthy man is likely to have two to five REM periods each night and
several penile erections during that time. If he is not experiencing this,
he MOST likely has:
a normal response. Incorrect
nocturnal penile tumescence. Incorrect
performance anxiety. Incorrect
a biologically based erectile dysfunction. (True Answer )Correct
2185
A man awakens after eight hours of normal sleep, and has an unbroken
snap gauge band. There's a good chance that the man has:
a physical basis for his erectile problems. (True Answer )Correct
a case of socioculturally related erectile disorder. Incorrect
a case of psychologically related erectile disorder. Incorrect
a normal sex life. Incorrect
2186
A normal healthy man experiences:
20 to 30 minutes of penile erection per night of sleep. Incorrect
most nocturnal tumescence during deep (delta) sleep. Incorrect
brief, fleeting nighttime erections. Incorrect
erections during REM sleep. (True Answer )Correct
2187
According to Masters and Johnson, performance anxiety may result in a
man:
failing to break a snap gauge band. Incorrect
breaking a snap gauge band. Incorrect
experiencing severe depression after sexual activity. Incorrect
adopting a spectator role during sexual activity. (True Answer )
Correct
2188
Which of the following occupations is MOST similar to what Masters
and Johnson identified as the spectator role in sexual behavior?
priest Incorrect
airline pilot Incorrect
actor Incorrect
judge (True Answer )Correct
2189
Which of the following is a sociocultural cause for male erectile
disorder?
diabetes Incorrect
loss of a job (True Answer )Correct
mild depression Incorrect
performance anxiety Incorrect
2190
Based on the likely sociocultural factors related to erectile disorders,
the BEST advice you could give to an aging couple would be to:
Retire or quit your job or jobs. Incorrect
Provide more intense and lengthy penile stimulation. (True
Answer )Correct
Focus on intercourse over other forms of sexual expression.
Incorrect
Give up; there is no effective treatment. Incorrect
2191
Which of the following is MOST descriptive of an orgasm?
vascular congestion Incorrect
muscle contraction (True Answer )Correct
cardio relaxation Incorrect
psychological desire Incorrect
2192
According to DSM-5, the cut-off point for diagnosing early ejaculation is
within _____ of initiating sexual activity.
30 seconds Incorrect
a minute (True Answer )Correct
3 minutes Incorrect
10 minutes Incorrect
2193
A man experiencing the process of erection and partial elevation of the
testes is in which stage of sexual response?
desire (True Answer )Correct
orgasm Incorrect
refraction Incorrect
2194
Compared to erectile disorder, early ejaculation is:
common among older men. Incorrect
likely to have a physical explanation. Incorrect
likely related to a low testosterone level. Incorrect
common among men of all ages. (True Answer )Correct
2195
In the United States, over the past several decades, the typical
duration of sexual intercourse has:
increased, as has the distress of those suffering from early
ejaculation. Incorrect
increased, while the distress of those suffering from early
ejaculation has decreased. Incorrect
decreased, while the distress of those suffering from early
ejaculation has increased. Incorrect
decreased, as has the distress of those suffering from early
ejaculation. (True Answer )Correct
2196
From a psychological perspective, early ejaculation is usually the result
of:
sexual impotence. Incorrect
organic problems. Incorrect
sexual inexperience. (True Answer )Correct
2197
William, a 20-year-old who is having his first sexual relationship, has
gone to see a sex therapist about a sexual dysfunction problem. What
is William MOST likely suffering from?
sexual aversion Incorrect
inhibited ejaculation Incorrect
delayed early ejaculation (True Answer )Correct
hypoactive sexual desire Incorrect
2198
A male diagnosed with a sexual dysfunction is MOST likely to be
diagnosed with:
erectile disorder. Incorrect
orgasmic disorder. Incorrect
early ejaculation. (True Answer )Correct
dyparenuia. Incorrect
2199
Delayed ejaculation appears MOST likely to be caused by disruptions in
which of the following?
the neurological system (True Answer )Correct
the urological system Incorrect
the digestive system Incorrect
the muscular system Incorrect
2200
According to DSM-5, all of the excitement disorders have in common
the diagnostic requirement that the difficulty:
begins in adolescence or early adulthood. Incorrect
causes significant distress or impairment. (True Answer )Correct
is apparent in all sexual encounters. Incorrect
lasts at least one year. Incorrect
2201
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate about female
orgasm?
About 50 percent of women experience orgasmic disorder. Incorrect
About 25 percent of women have never experienced an orgasm.
Incorrect
Women who are comfortable masturbating are more likely to
experience orgasm. (True Answer )Correct
Clitoral orgasms are inferior to vaginal orgasms. Incorrect
2202
A woman who can masturbate or be masturbated to orgasm but
cannot reach orgasm during sexual intercourse, would be diagnosed
with:
no sexual disorder. (True Answer )Correct
orgasmic disorder. Incorrect
2203
The view that modern researchers hold about clitoral orgasms is that
they are:
as healthy as vaginal orgasms. (True Answer )Correct
felt only by sexually dysfunctional women. Incorrect
the result of fixation on neurotic infantile needs. Incorrect
superior to vaginal orgasms in terms of sexual gratification.
Incorrect
2204
A woman who is sexually assertive and comfortable with masturbation
will MOST likely:
experience a sexual dysfunction. Incorrect
have orgasms more regularly. (True Answer )Correct
have a partner who experiences premature ejaculation. Incorrect
have both an arousal and an orgasmic disorder. Incorrect
2205
In Victorian times, a woman diagnosed as insane was presumed to
have a dysfunction of her:
reproductive organs. (True Answer )Correct
2206
Attitudes about women's sexuality are more liberal now, yet the rates
of female orgasmic disorders have remained the same. This trend:
argues against a purely sociocultural cause of female orgasmic
suggests that the Victorians were incorrect in their assumptions
about clitoral orgasms. Incorrect
implies that biological factors are at the root of orgasmic
dysfunction. Incorrect
means that there must be an interaction of many factors that

produce sexual dysfunction. Incorrect
2207
Research shows that parents who want to decrease the likelihood that
their young daughters will experience orgasmic disorder as adults
should:
be affectionate with each other. (True Answer )Correct
expose them to liberal religious training. Incorrect
make sure they have early sexual experiences. Incorrect
punish them for masturbation. Incorrect
2208
Having a positive relationship with one's mother is associated with
______ in women.
positive orgasm outcomes (True Answer )Correct
hypoactive desire Incorrect
hyperactive desire Incorrect
paraphilia Incorrect
2209
Women are MORE likely to be orgasmic when they have:
unhappy marriages. Incorrect
a weak emotional attachment to their first sex partner. Incorrect
an attraction to their current partner's occupation. Incorrect
had a relatively long relationship with their first sex partner. (True
Answer )Correct
2210
Which of the following findings would argue against the idea that
hypoactive sexual desire in women is caused by societal treatment of
women?
The same drugs that interfere with ejaculation in men cause
hypoactive sexual desire in women. Incorrect
A sexually restrictive history is just as common among women with
and without hypoactive sexual desire. (True Answer )Correct
Clitoral orgasms are just as common and pleasurable as vaginal
orgasms. Incorrect
Erotic fantasies are more common in women with hypoactive sexual
desire than in those without it. Incorrect
2211
Which of the following findings BEST argues against the idea that
female orgasmic problems are due to society's message to women that
they should deny their sexuality? Many women with arousal and
orgasmic difficulties:
had overly strict religious upbringings. Incorrect
were punished for childhood masturbation. Incorrect
have a history of rape or child sexual molestation. (True Answer )
Correct
received little information about sex and menstruation Incorrect
2212
No matter the countrywhether it is the United States, Japan, or
Russiawomen say casual sex is significantly less acceptable than
men say it is. These results reflect which of the
following regarding gender, country of origin, and sexual attitudes?
One's gender is the most important determinant. (True Answer )
Correct
One's country is the most important determinant. Incorrect
The interaction between sex and country is the most important
determinant. Incorrect
One's personal history is the most important determinant. Incorrect
2213
What is thought to be the cause of vaginismus (the involuntary
contraction of vaginal muscles)?
conditioning of a fear response (True Answer )Correct
nervous system damage from diabetes Incorrect
neurological damage in the cerebellum Incorrect
a learned aversion to sexual behavior in general Incorrect
2214
People experiencing dyspareunia:
do not enjoy sex. Incorrect
are unable to become sexually aroused. Incorrect
experience pain during sex. (True Answer )Correct
are unable to masturbate. Incorrect
2215
A woman's dyspareunia is MOST likely caused by:
a traumatic psychological event. Incorrect
relationship difficulties. Incorrect
some physical condition. (True Answer )Correct
sociocultural expectations related to the female role. Incorrect
2216
Symptoms of vaginismus always include:
an inability to experience orgasm. Incorrect
involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles. (True Answer )Correct
a dislike for and distrust of sexual relationships. Incorrect
an emotional detachment from the partner. Incorrect
2217
What is another name for genital pain during sexual activity?
dyspareunia (True Answer )Correct
premature ejaculation Incorrect
postmature ejaculation Incorrect
male orgasmic disorder Incorrect
2218
In psychodynamic theory, the therapeutic goal in treating sexual
dysfunction is:
to cause broad personality changes. (True Answer )Correct
systematically use free association. Incorrect

overcoming learned aversion to sexual material. Incorrect
keeping a dream diary for dream interpretation. Incorrect
2219
What problem did early behavioral therapists focus on when treating
sexual dysfunction?
fear (True Answer )Correct
aggression Incorrect
conflict resolution Incorrect
2220
The study of sexuality that led to a revolution in the treatment of
sexual dysfunction was done by:
Kaplan. Incorrect
Freud and Jung. Incorrect
Masters and Johnson. (True Answer )Correct
Friedman and LoPiccolo. Incorrect
2221
If someone receives modern sex therapy, chances are that the
therapy will:
center on specific sexual problems. (True Answer )Correct
center on specific personality problems. Incorrect
deal with broad biological/cultural issues. Incorrect
deal with broad personality issues. Incorrect
2222
Which of the following would a qualified sex therapist be LEAST likely
to say to a client?
Focus on your performance as if you were a spectator. (True
Answer )Correct
Try to figure out what events in the past might be impacting your
sexual behavior. Incorrect
Maybe if you work on your marital happiness, your sex life will
improve. Incorrect
You need to talk more with your partner about what you
like and don't like sexually. Incorrect
2223
The idea that both partners share the accountability for sexual
dysfunction is known as:
couples therapy. Incorrect
mutual responsibility. (True Answer )Correct
nondemand pleasuring. Incorrect
interactionary dysfunction. Incorrect
2224
Sensate focus refers to the technique in which:
sexual intercourse is encouraged daily. Incorrect
eye contact is maintained during sexual activity. Incorrect
the genitals are focused on during sexual activity. Incorrect

the sexual relationship is rebuilt, concentrating on pleasure. (True
Answer )Correct
2225
Couples in sex therapy who are working on eliminating the spectator
role, are generally advised:
to have sex in as many different settings as they can manage.
Incorrect
to video their sexual encounters in order to increase fantasy
material. Incorrect
to refrain from having intercourse and focus on other body pleasure
instead. (True Answer )Correct
to drink small quantities of alcohol in order to relax. Incorrect
2226
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
sensate focus Incorrect
sexual aversion (True Answer )Correct
nondemand pleasuring Incorrect
petting Incorrect
2227
In therapy, a patient is taught to visualize sexual scenes and uncover
any negative emotions that occur. The therapist is using:
self-instruction training. Incorrect
affectual awareness. (True Answer )Correct
aversion therapy. Incorrect
performance anxiety. Incorrect
2228
If you were instructed to imagine sexual scenes in order to identify
when in the sexual encounter your anxiety about sex first arose, you
would be engaging in a therapeutic technique called:
affectual awareness. (True Answer )Correct
systematic desensitization. Incorrect
orgasmic reorientation. Incorrect
sexual satiation. Incorrect
2229
In treating erectile disorder, the tease technique involves:
three or more episodes of intercourse each night for a month.
Incorrect
stimulating the penis, but stimulation is stopped once erection
occurs. (True Answer )Correct
stimulating the penis until ejaculation, followed by a pause and then
another period of stimulation. Incorrect
stimulation of the penis, but before ejaculation can occur, the
woman squeezes the penis below the head to prevent ejaculation.
Incorrect
2230
A man's sexual partner repeatedly stimulates him to erection, then

allows the erection to subside without the man experiencing an
ejaculation. The sexual technique is called the:
phase technique. Incorrect
sneeze technique. Incorrect
tease technique. (True Answer )Correct
squeeze technique. Incorrect
2231
How does Viagra work?
It increases blood flow into the penis. (True Answer )Correct
It draws blood flow out of the penis to create a vacuum. Incorrect
It increases testosterone levels. Incorrect
It creates new cognitions about sex. Incorrect
2232
If a man has been taught to masturbate almost to orgasm, and then to
insert his penis for intercourse, the man is MOST probably being
treated for:
early ejaculation. Incorrect
delayed ejaculation. (True Answer )Correct
gender identity disorder. Incorrect
2233
Which of the following is the MOST accurate conclusion regarding the
use of Viagra and related drugs to treat erectile disorders?
The drugs are safe but not effective in treating the disorders.
Incorrect
The drugs are safe and effective but should only used after careful
assessment of what is causing the problem. Incorrect
The drugs work about 75 percent of the time and are often given
without first assessing what is causing the problem. (True Answer )
Correct
The drugs are effective, but so unsafe that they are no longer
prescribed. Incorrect
2234
Theoretically, why do SSRIs help treat early ejaculation?
Men who ejaculate early often become depressed. Incorrect
SSRIs reduce serotonin levels, thus increasing arousal. Incorrect
SSRIs inhibit the anxiety that is often related to early ejaculation.
Incorrect
SSRIs reduce arousal and orgasm and help men delay ejaculation.
2235
If during intercourse, the female repeatedly stimulates her male
partner up to the point when he almost reaches orgasm and then
stops, he is probably being treated for:
erectile dysfunction. Incorrect
early ejaculation. (True Answer )Correct

orgasmic dysfunction. Incorrect
2236
EMTs need to be sure to ask someone who is taking nitroglycerin if that
person also has taken:
estrogen. Incorrect
sildenafil. (True Answer )Correct
testosterone. Incorrect
antidepressants. Incorrect
2237
A client receives directed masturbation training and self-exploration
instruction as part of the client's sex therapy. MOST likely, the client is
a:
woman being treated for orgasmic disorder. (True Answer )Correct
woman being treated for vaginismus. Incorrect
man being treated for erectile dysfunction. Incorrect
man being treated for premature ejaculation. Incorrect
2238
The fact that insurance companies in the United States generally
covered Viagra but not birth control pills until required to by state law
supports the idea that:
birth control pills carry more medical risks than Viagra. Incorrect
private funds need to cover women's sexual health, but not men's.
Incorrect
societal standards are different for sexually active men than they
are for women. (True Answer )Correct
the United States lags behind other countries (such as Japan) in
recognizing women's sexuality. Incorrect
2239
Why do people object to the use of Viagra and similar drugs being
voluntarily covered by health insurance companies, but fail to object to
birth control pills not being covered unless mandated by law?
Viagra is much more expensive than birth control pills. Incorrect
The reason is ageism; Viagra is used by older people, while birth
control is used by younger people. Incorrect
Viagra is a trade drug; birth control pills are largely generic.
Incorrect
The reason may be the sexual double standard; sex is OK for men
but not for women. (True Answer )Correct
2240
A woman who is inserting graduated cylinders into her vagina in a
nondemand manner is probably being treated for:
orgasmic dysfunction. Incorrect
vaginismus. (True Answer )Correct
arousal difficulties. Incorrect

2241
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others as a treatment
for orgasmic dysfunction in women?
creating orgasm triggers Incorrect
masturbation training Incorrect
positioning that produces clitoral stimulation Incorrect
use of the squeeze technique (True Answer )Correct
2242
All of the following are examples of current trends in sex therapy
EXCEPT:
treating partners who are living together but not married. Incorrect
treating the elderly who have sexual dysfunctions. Incorrect
treating homosexual people with sexual dysfunctions. Incorrect
treating only those who do not have other serious psychological
problems. (True Answer )Correct
2243
Most sex therapists are uneasy about recent reliance on drug
treatments for sexual dysfunctions because:
the integrated approach to therapy might be ignored. (True Answer )
Correct
drug treatment is generally not effective. Incorrect
of the risk of drug dependence. Incorrect
it makes the treatment of sexual disorders more complex than it
needs to be. Incorrect
2244
Which of the following disorders is NOT listed in DSM-5, but might be in
future DSMs, following additional study?
pedophilic disorder Incorrect
gender dysphoria Incorrect
male orgasmic disorder Incorrect
hypersexuality (True Answer )Correct
2245
Most clinicians would agree that paraphilic activities should NOT be
considered a disorder when:
children are involved. Incorrect
the behavior is the exclusive way one becomes aroused. Incorrect
the behavior is part of an otherwise typical sex life. (True Answer )
Correct
the behavior is nonconsensual. Incorrect
2246
DSM-5 recommends a diagnosis of paraphilia only when associated
behaviors, fantasies, or urges last at least:
six months. (True Answer )Correct
one year. Incorrect
two years. Incorrect
three years. Incorrect

2247
According to DSM-5, someone who initiates sexual contact with
children is:
experiencing a paraphilia, but only if the person is also mentally ill.
Incorrect
experiencing a paraphilia but only if the behavior causes the person
significant distress. Incorrect
experiencing a paraphilia, but only if the behavior is illegal. Incorrect
experiencing a paraphilia regardless of how troubled the individual
may be. (True Answer )Correct
2248
SSRIs successfully treat paraphilias, MOST likely because of
paraphilias' similarity to:
compulsive-like disorders. (True Answer )Correct
sexual dysfunctions. Incorrect
depression. Incorrect
2249
An antiandrogen would be MOST appropriate if a paraphilic disorder is
caused by:
too much estrogen in the body. Incorrect
an inappropriate sex drive. (True Answer )Correct
a deficiency in the production of testosterone. Incorrect
a hormonal imbalance that occurred during the prenatal period.
Incorrect
2250
The campus bra bandit steals women's underwear from the campus
laundry, then masturbates into the underwear. The MOST accurate
diagnosis would be:
no diagnosis: the behavior falls within normal limits. Incorrect
fetishism. (True Answer )Correct
transvestic fetishism. Incorrect
exhibitionistic fetishism. Incorrect
2251
What is the term for the use of and attraction to inanimate objects as a
preferred method of achieving sexual excitement?
fetishism (True Answer )Correct
pedophilia Incorrect
voyeurism Incorrect
exhibitionism Incorrect
2252
What does the process of covert sensitization for fetishism involve?
masturbation while thinking of the fetish object Incorrect
mentally pairing a fetish object with an aversive stimulus (True
Answer )Correct
pairing electric shock to the arm or leg with the fetish object
Incorrect
creating a hierarchy of arousing objects and teaching the patient to
relax while thinking of each in turn Incorrect
2253
When a fetishist imagines the object of the fetish, then immediately
imagines an aversive stimulus, the behavioral approach being used is:
covert sensitization. (True Answer )Correct
relapse-prevention training. Incorrect
aversion therapy via classical conditioning. Incorrect
aversion therapy via operant conditioning. Incorrect
2254
Of the following, which would MOST likely be treated with masturbatory
satiation?
transvestism. Incorrect
premature ejaculation. Incorrect
a fetish. (True Answer )Correct
erectile dysfunction. Incorrect
2255
A man being treated for a fetish to women's hats first obtains an
erection from looking at women's hats, then begins to masturbate
while looking at a picture of a nude woman. At the moment of orgasm,
he makes sure to be looking at the picture of the nude woman. The
behavioral approach being used is:
masturbatory satiation. Incorrect
orgasmic reorientation. (True Answer )Correct
2256
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
graduated cylinders (True Answer )Correct
masturbatory satiation Incorrect
orgasmic reorientation Incorrect
aversion therapy Incorrect
2257
Cross-dressing is another term for:
homosexuality. Incorrect
transvestic disorder. (True Answer )Correct
satiation. Incorrect
2258
A man derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's
clothing. MOST likely, that person would be diagnosed as:
normal and healthy. Incorrect
an exhibitionist. Incorrect
having transvestic disorder. (True Answer )Correct
having gender dysphoria. Incorrect

2259
Terry has been diagnosed as having a paraphilia, specifically
transvestic fetishism. Terry is MOST likely to be:
male. (True Answer )Correct
gay. Incorrect
female. Incorrect
elderly. Incorrect
2260
Exhibitionists engage in that behavior because they:
were sexually abused as children. Incorrect
are trying to solicit sexual contact. Incorrect
are unable to experience sexual relations. Incorrect
desire a shock reaction from their victim. (True Answer )Correct
2261
Which of the following responses from the person he exposed himself
to would be LEAST satisfying to an exhibitionist?
I'm shocked. You really surprise me. Incorrect
screaming Incorrect
ignoring the exhibitionist (True Answer )Correct
hiding one's eyes and gasping Incorrect
2262
Why are people who go to strip clubs not generally considered to be
voyeurs?
The nudity of the performers is not complete. Incorrect
There is no sense these people who go there are doing something
frowned on by society. Incorrect
The performers are consenting to being seen by the audience. (True
Answer )Correct
The performers are exhibitionists and it's impossible for someone to
simultaneously be an exhibitionist and a voyeur. Incorrect
2263
Which of the following thoughts would likely be MOST arousing to a
voyeur in the act of secretly watching a couple have sex?
I wish those people knew I was watching them. Incorrect
I know I am doing this in a way that I can't get caught. Incorrect
I'll probably never think about this again. Incorrect
The people would be humiliated if they knew I was watching. (True
Answer )Correct
2264
In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a
woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her
thigh. He continues until the crowd begins to break up, then he moves
away. The MOST likely diagnosis for this man is:
pedophilia. Incorrect
frotteurism. (True Answer )Correct
sexual masochism. Incorrect

hypoxyphilia. Incorrect
2265
During which period does frotteurism typically develop?
adolescence (True Answer )Correct
early adulthood Incorrect
middle adulthood Incorrect
late adulthood Incorrect
2266
During which period does pedophilia typically develop?
adolescence (True Answer )Correct
early adulthood Incorrect
middle adulthood Incorrect
late adulthood Incorrect
2267
In the classic type of pedophilic disorder, those MOST at risk are:
postpubescent boys. Incorrect
boys in early puberty. Incorrect
boys of any age. Incorrect
prepubescent boys. (True Answer )Correct
2268
It's all right to have sex with children as long as they agree. This is
an example of the ______ often experienced by pedophiles.
distorted thinking (True Answer )Correct
anxiety Incorrect
close relationships with children Incorrect
2269
Recent studies of pedophiles show that:
most have at least one other psychological disorder. (True Answer )
Correct
relapse-prevention training is unsuccessful. Incorrect
most victims are boys. Incorrect
there is a clear biological cause. Incorrect
2270
Clients identify the situations that trigger pedophilic fantasies, and
then learn to avoid the situations or cope with them more effectively.
The treatment approach being used is:
antiandrogenic drugs. Incorrect
relapse prevention. (True Answer )Correct
2271
The technique of having a client with pedophilia identify situations in
which he performs inappropriate behavior and then teaching him more
appropriate coping strategies is called:

masturbatory satiation. Incorrect
relapse-prevention training. (True Answer )Correct
2272
Arnold cannot enjoy sexual intercourse unless he is tied up by his
partner and beaten. His behavior is typical of:
voyeurism. Incorrect
frotteurism. Incorrect
sexual sadism. Incorrect
sexual masochism. (True Answer )Correct
2273
Autoerotic asphyxia is a fatal side effect of:
taking Viagra. Incorrect
a masochistic practice. (True Answer )Correct
cross-dressing. Incorrect
a rope fetish. Incorrect
2274
What is the PRIMARY source of sexual excitement for sexual sadists?
the victim's suffering (True Answer )Correct
a specific part of the victim's body Incorrect
the use of leather to cause suffering Incorrect
the intense pain they receive from their partner Incorrect
2275
While inflicting pain, perhaps unintentionally, on an animal or person, a
teenager may become sexually aroused and later turn out to be a
sadist. The theory that BEST describes this example of the
development of sadism is:
behavioral. (True Answer )Correct
psychodynamic. Incorrect
sociocultural. Incorrect
2276
One who is experiencing gender dysphoria:
cross-dresses for the purpose of sexual arousal. Incorrect
is content with his or her transgendered experiences. Incorrect
is unhappy with his or her biological gender. (True Answer )Correct
cannot be categorized using current DSM-5 definitions. Incorrect
2277
A man who is biologically masculine but considers himself a woman
and would like to live as a woman is:
a pedophile. Incorrect
transgendered. (True Answer )Correct
a transvestite. Incorrect
a homosexual. Incorrect
2278
A person feels most comfortable wearing clothes preferred by the other

gender, strongly wishes to be the other gender, and is considering a
surgical procedure. The MOST likely diagnosis
for this person is:
transvestite. Incorrect
sexual masochist. Incorrect
sexual sadist. Incorrect
transsexual. (True Answer )Correct
2279
What is the MOST common outcome of gender dysphoria in childhood?
It develops into pedophilia. Incorrect
It disappears by adolescence or adulthood. (True Answer )Correct
It is a precursor to transsexualism. Incorrect
It is a precursor to transvestite fetishism. Incorrect
2280
Which of the following theoretical orientations is MOST helpful in
understanding the origin of gender identity disorder?
cognitive Incorrect
2281
Which of the following pairs are MOST analogous (comparable)?
female-to-male gender dysphoria and male-to-female gender
dysphoria: androphilic type (True Answer )Correct
female-to-male gender dysphoria and male-to-female gender
dysphoria: autogynephilic type Incorrect
male-to-female gender dysphoria: androphilic type and male-tofemale gender dysphoria: autogynephilic type Incorrect
female-to-female gender dysphoria and male-to-male gender
dysphoria Incorrect
2282
When people with gender identity disorder take hormones it is in an
attempt to:
enhance their gender of birth. Incorrect
facilitate their living as the other gender. (True Answer )Correct
reduce their sex drives. Incorrect
change their external genitals. Incorrect
2283
What do androphilia and autogynephilia have in common?
They are transvestic disorders. Incorrect
Those who are diagnosed cross-dress for the purpose of becoming
sexually aroused. Incorrect
Those who are diagnosed experience gender dysphoria, beginning
early in life. Incorrect
Those who are diagnosed are genetically male. (True Answer )

Correct
2284
Who is MOST likely to receive phalloplasty?
someone experiencing premature ejaculation Incorrect
someone experiencing erectile dysfunction Incorrect
someone experiencing gender identity disorder (True Answer )
Correct
1926
Define substance use disorder, tolerance, and withdrawal. Utilizing the
DSM-5 checklist, discuss the criteria that would need to be present for
an individual to receive a substance abuse disorder diagnosis. Be
specific in describing the symptoms.
1927
Alcohol use and misuse have become some of society's greatest
problems. Discuss the following areas: how does alcohol cause physical
and psychological dependence?; what are the long-term problems
associated with alcohol abuse? Then, describe one widely used form of
therapy for those struggling with alcohol abuse.
1928
Compare and contrast heroin and cocaine in the following ways: the
physiological properties of the drugs; the forms in which the drugs are
normally taken; the prevalence of abuse of each.
1929
Nicotine use and abuse affects around 34 percent of Americans.
Answer the following questions regarding tobacco and nicotine
addiction: what are the effects of nicotine abuse? why is nicotine abuse
so difficult to treat?; what are two (2) treatments for nicotine abuse;
and why is smoking cessation so desirable from a physical
perspective?
1930
Assume a totally new hallucinogenic drug has just hit the streets, and
you are part of a research team charged with investigating the new
drug. What information would you want to gather? How might you
begin to assess the impact of the new drug on society? Assume
(unrealistically, of course) your budget is practically limitless.
1931
What is the allure of the club drug known as Ecstasy? Discuss three of
the dangers of using Ecstasy. How does MDMA operate in the brain?
1932
Marijuana previously was considered a hallucinogen in the DSM-IV-TR

but is now in a separate category. First, explain the differences
between hallucinogens and cannabis. Second, discuss why there is a
separate listing for cannabis substances (marijuana) in DSM-5.
Finally, describe the dangers associated with marijuana use.
1933
The battle over the legalization of marijuana has taken many twists
and turns over the years. Discuss, in chronological order, the course of
events surrounding the legalization of marijuana.
1934
Choose any two of the following views and discuss two ways in which
they explain the causes of substance abuse disorders.
1.
sociocultural
2.
psychodynamic
3.
cognitive-behavioral
4.
biological
1935
Some behavioral and cognitive-behavioral procedures for treating
substance-related disorders involve exposing clients to frightening or
sickening stimuli or thoughts. Describe in detail one of these
procedures, and comment on the ethical issues involved in using it.
1936
A 20-year-old friend of yours expresses a desire to receive treatment
for alcohol abuse. What form of treatment would you recommend your
friend look into, and why? Detail the strengths of the form of treatment
you would recommend, along with its possible weaknesses.
1937
Describe the concerns addressed in culture and gender-sensitive
substance abuse treatment programs.
1938
A recent addition in DSM-5 to the substance use disorders section is

gambling disorder; Internet use disorder is under consideration for
future inclusion. How are gambling disorder and Internet use disorder
similar to, and how do they differ from, substance use disorders?
1939
Tom uses alcohol to the point that it is central to his life. As a result, he
develops a physical need for the drug. Tom's disorder is known as
_______.
substance use disorder (True Answer )
*
1940
The actual effect of alcohol on the nervous system is that of a(n)
______.
depressant (True Answer )
*
1941
The enzyme that breaks down ethyl alcohol in the stomach is ______.
alcohol dehydrogenase (True Answer )
*
1942
According to some educators, the number one public health hazard for
college students is ______.
binge drinking (True Answer )
*
1943
Alcoholism sometimes leads to a disease marked by confusion and
extreme memory impairment. This disease is called ______.
Korsakoff's syndrome (True Answer )
*
1944
Withdrawal from any one of the class of drugs called ______ is
dangerous because of the possibility of convulsions.
barbiturates (True Answer )
*
1945
When Melody stopped taking barbiturates, she suffered a period of
nausea, insomnia, and sleep problems. This phenomenon is known as
______.
withdrawal (True Answer )
*
1946
After the injection of heroin, a narcotic abuser experiences ecstasy, an
intense feeling called a(n) ______.
rush (True Answer )
*
1947
The relatively long-lasting effect of an injection of heroin is called
a(n)______.
high, nod (True Answer )
*
1948
The brain's neurotransmitters that relieve pain are called ______.
endorphins (True Answer )
*
1949
The effects of cocaine are MOST like those of ______.
amphetamines (True Answer )
*
1950
Crack is a form of ______.
cocaine (True Answer )
*
1951
The MOST widely used stimulant in the world is ______.
caffeine (True Answer )
*
1952
Several minutes after Lannie took LSD, her perception of color changed
and she saw objects that weren't there. She was experiencing a(n)
______.
hallucination (True Answer )
*
1953
Even months after taking LSD for the last time, a user may randomly
experience ______.
flashbacks (True Answer )
*
1954
Willa was watching television when she suddenly saw pretty wavy
colors that looked just like her last LSD trip, six months ago. Her
experience is an example of a(n) ______ .
flashback (True Answer )
*
1955
The MOST powerful active ingredient in marijuana is ______.
THC or tetrahydrocannabinol (True Answer )
*
1956
The effect of taking two different drugs may be more than the sum of
the two effects. This is called a(n) ______.
synergistic effect (True Answer )
*
1957
Jodi's therapist believes that her drug problem stems from dependence
caused by unresolved conflicts in her relationship with her parents. Her
therapist's point of view is ______.
psychodynamic (True Answer )
*
1958
Pairing the craving for a drug with an electric shock is an example of
______.
aversion therapy (True Answer )
*
1959
Learning coping strategies to deal with situations known to stimulate
drinking is part of ______ training.
relapse-prevention (True Answer )
*
1960
When Todd arrived at the center, he was given a physical and then
allowed time to go through withdrawal symptoms. This process is
called ______.
detoxification (True Answer )
*
1961
Within seconds of getting the injection, Glenda, a relatively new heroin
user was in the middle of withdrawal symptoms. The injection was
probably a(n) ______.
narcotic antagonist, naloxone, cyclazocine, antagonist drug (True
Answer )
*
1962
______ is a drug that has been used as a substitute for heroin in the
treatment of addiction.
Methadone (True Answer )
*
1963
The MOST known of the self-help groups for alcohol abusers is ______.
Alcoholics Anonymous (True Answer )
*
1964
The organization that was formed to offer guidance and support to the
family members of alcoholics is called ______.
Al Anon, Alateen (True Answer )
*
1965
DSM-5 has added an addictive disorder that doesn't involve use of a

substance to the substance use disorder section. That added disorder
is ______.
gambling disorder (True Answer )
*
1966
The perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called:
intoxication. Incorrect
substance dependence. Incorrect
substance abuse. Incorrect
hallucinosis. (True Answer )Correct
1967
Which of the following would NOT be considered a drug?
heroin Incorrect
caffeine Incorrect
sugar (True Answer )Correct
nicotine Incorrect
1968
A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and
his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem
with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior as detailed
above would be:
substance abuse. (True Answer )Correct
tolerance. Incorrect
withdrawal. Incorrect
1969
A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to
produce the same high that much lower doses once produced. That
drug user is developing:
withdrawal symptoms. Incorrect
tolerance. (True Answer )Correct
hallucinosis. Incorrect
1970
The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular
use of some chemical or drug is called:
substance abuse. (True Answer )Correct
1971
Melanie has been out with friends and has been using drugs. In spite of
being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence, she wants to
drive her car. Her condition is an example of:
addiction. Incorrect
intoxication. (True Answer )Correct

physical dependence. Incorrect
1972
Intoxication is actually a form of:
poisoning. (True Answer )Correct
hallucination. Incorrect
1973
Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his
appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two
pills did. This is an example of:
tolerance. (True Answer )Correct
resistance. Incorrect
dependence. Incorrect
1974
A person who experiences vomiting and shaking when he tries to stop
drinking alcohol has developed:
withdrawal reactions. (True Answer )Correct
increased tolerance. Incorrect
1975
Which of the following is a depressant?
opioids (True Answer )Correct
cocaine Incorrect
LSD Incorrect
1976
A newly developed drug causes users to lose some muscle control and
slur their words, The drug also results in a slowing of central nervous
system activity. MOST likely this drug is a:
depressant. (True Answer )Correct
hallucinogen. Incorrect
stimulant. Incorrect
polydrug. Incorrect
1977
Alcohol works as a central nervous system depressant by:
stimulating the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. Incorrect
blocking the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. Incorrect
unbinding receptors on neurons. Incorrect
binding to receptors on neurons. (True Answer )Correct
1978
If all you know about someone is that the person has been binge
drinking in the past month, then you know the person had at least:
five drinks at a time at least once, and probably is a male. (True
Answer )Correct
five drinks at a time at least once, and probably is a female.
Incorrect
five drinks at a time at least twice, and probably is a male. Incorrect
ten drinks at a time at least twice, and probably is a male. Incorrect
1979
Of the following, the MOST likely to exhibit a substance abuse disorder
would be a(n):
Native American. (True Answer )Correct
white American. Incorrect
Asian American. Incorrect
1980
Women tolerate alcohol LESS well than men because:
they have a higher proportion of body fat. Incorrect
they drink alcohol in more concentrated forms. Incorrect
they have less of a stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol. (True
Answer )Correct
they metabolize alcohol in the liver less well. Incorrect
1981
Because alcohol binds to neurons that normally receive the
neurotransmitter GABA, it is not surprising that alcohol:
makes people feel sad. Incorrect
makes people throw up. Incorrect
relaxes people. (True Answer )Correct
is a stimulant. Incorrect
1982
In women, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is found at:
higher levels in the brain, making them more susceptible to getting
drunk. Incorrect
higher levels in the kidneys, making them more likely to develop
cirrhosis. Incorrect
higher levels in the fatty tissue, making them more likely to retain
alcohol. Incorrect
lower levels in the stomach, making them more susceptible to
getting drunk. (True Answer )Correct
1983
The blood-alcohol level that typically produces the symptoms of
intoxication is ______ of the blood volume.
.01 percent Incorrect
.09 percent (True Answer )Correct
1984
A person has ingested enough ethyl alcohol to lose consciousness, but
not enough to produce death. The MOST probable alcohol
concentration in that person, expressed as a percent of blood volume,
is:
.03. Incorrect
.09. Incorrect
.40. (True Answer )Correct
.70. Incorrect
1985
Of the following, the person who would probably have the highest
blood alcohol level after an hour of drinking would be a:
100-pound man who had drunk two cans of beer. Incorrect
200-pound woman who had drunk six cans of beer. (True Answer )
Correct
200-pound man who had drunk six cans of beer. Incorrect
100-pound woman who had drunk two cans of beer. Incorrect
1986
Pat and Jody each have five screwdrivers (OJ and vodka). Pat gets very
drunk. Jody does not. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true?
Pat is older than Jody. Incorrect
Pat is healthier than Jody. Incorrect
Pat is a woman, Jody is a man. (True Answer )Correct
Pat is Caucasian, Jody is African American. Incorrect
1987
A friend of yours who has been recently doing some recent heavy
drinking asks you what to do to sober up as quickly as possible. Your
BEST answer would be:
Drink hot coffee, with or without cream or sugar. Incorrect
Stop drinking. (True Answer )Correct
Rest with a cold towel wrapped around your head. Incorrect
Drink carbonated soda. Incorrect
1988
Two people of the same gender and weight consume the same amount
of alcohol in the same amount of time. Nevertheless, one of them
sobers up substantially sooner than the other. MOST likely, this
difference is due to:
the form in which they consumed the alcohol: beer versus
wine, for instance. Incorrect
personality: for example, Type B people usually sober up quicker
than Type A people. Incorrect
liver function: some people's livers metabolize alcohol faster than
those of others. (True Answer )Correct
breathing rate: those who breathe more often can exhale the
carbon-dioxide byproduct of alcohol metabolism faster. Incorrect
1989
A full-time college student has just become a college dropout. The

chances that alcohol was a factor in the dropping out is about:
one in twenty. Incorrect
one in ten. Incorrect
one in four. (True Answer )Correct
one in two. Incorrect
1990
One study shows that, in substance-free dorms, the percent of
students who are binge drinkers is:
less than one-tenth the percent of students, nationwide, who are
binge drinkers. Incorrect
about one-quarter the percent of students, nationwide, who are
binge drinkers. Incorrect
about one-half the percent of students, nationwide, who are binge
drinkers. (True Answer )Correct
equal to the percent of students, nationwide, who are binge
drinkers. Incorrect
1991
According to a recent study by Henry Wechsler and his colleagues at
the Harvard School of Public Health, the BEST predictor of college
binge drinking is:
being an athlete. Incorrect
being a white male. Incorrect
having a business major. Incorrect
being in a social fraternity. (True Answer )Correct
1992
Considering alcoholism in white American men, African American men,
and Hispanic American men, which of the following is MOST accurate?
Drinking patterns are pretty much the same. Incorrect
African Americans drink the most, followed by other groups.
Incorrect
Alcoholism rates are highest for older white men. Incorrect
The patterns of drinking differ across ethnic group and age. (True
Answer )Correct
1993
Wes has a drink in the morning on rising. He has a cocktail with
breakfast. He usually sneaks a snort during the morning (just to get
through the day) and then drinks during his lunch. When he gets
home after work he goes to a singles bar and immediately has a drink
to ease his nerves about approaching the women there. Later, at
home, he generally has a small dinner and then sits in front of the TV
watching sports and drinking beer (as many as 12 cans). Somehow he
manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Wes is displaying:
alcohol abuse. (True Answer )Correct
binge drinking. Incorrect
delirium tremens. Incorrect

1994
An individual who is dependent on alcohol is experiencing delirium
tremens. This reaction is:
common, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking.
Incorrect
common, starting within three days after an individual stops
drinking. Incorrect
uncommon, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking.
Incorrect
uncommon, starting within three days after an individual stops
drinking. (True Answer )Correct
1995
A person you know has just started experiencing delirium tremens.
Probably they will last:
two or three days, with no significant health risk. Incorrect
two or three days, with a significant risk of problems like seizure or
stroke. (True Answer )Correct
about a week, with no significant health risk. Incorrect
about a week, with a significant risk of problems like seizure or
stroke. Incorrect
1996
In what proportion of suicides and rapes in the United States does
alcoholism play a role?
one-tenth Incorrect
one-quarter Incorrect
one-third (True Answer )Correct
over one half Incorrect
1997
The scarring of the liver caused by alcohol consumption is known as:
cirrhosis. (True Answer )Correct
hemorrhaging. Incorrect
vasoconstriction. Incorrect
Korsakoff's syndrome. Incorrect
1998
A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation center tells you a detailed story
about growing up in the mountains of Tennessee. Later, you find out
that the person in fact never even visited Tennessee. A day later you
visit the patient again, and the patient does not recognize you. Most
likely, the patient is suffering from:
fetal alcohol syndrome. Incorrect
cirrhosis. Incorrect
withdrawal of delirium. Incorrect
Korsakoff's syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
1999
A combination of alcohol abuse and a vitamin-B deficiency can lead to:

Tourette's syndrome. Incorrect
Korsakoff's syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
alcohol-induced psychotic disorder. Incorrect
2000
Kelly is a long-time serious drinker. In the last year she has started
having huge memory lapses. When this happens she makes up wild
stories to help her fill in what she does not remember. This symptom is
called:
confabulation. (True Answer )Correct
Korsakoff's syndrome. Incorrect
Wernicke's encephalopathy. Incorrect
alcohol-induced psychotic disorder. Incorrect
2001
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo
and fetus, resulting in:
excessively large babies. Incorrect
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Incorrect
fetal alcohol syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
neonatal Korsakoff's syndrome. Incorrect
2002
A pattern of abnormalities, head and facial deformities, heart defects,
and intellectual development disorder characterizes
someone with:
Korsakoff's syndrome Incorrect
fetal alcohol syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
alcohol abuse syndrome. Incorrect
substance abuse syndrome. Incorrect
2003
Nan took a drug and a few minutes later felt calm and drowsy. Then
she went to sleep. Nan probably took:
heroin. Incorrect
cocaine. Incorrect
cannabis. Incorrect
a barbiturate. (True Answer )Correct
2004
Barbiturates were first prescribed to help people:
diet. Incorrect
deal with the stresses of war. Incorrect
sleep. (True Answer )Correct
deal with pain. Incorrect
2005
Benzodiazepines primarily affect the neurotransmitter:
GABA. (True Answer )Correct
serotonin. Incorrect
dopamine. Incorrect
norepinephrine. Incorrect
2006
Because of the likelihood of convulsions, withdrawal from ______ is
especially dangerous.
heroin Incorrect
cocaine Incorrect
barbiturates (True Answer )Correct
amphetamine Incorrect
2007
If a physician wanted to relieve anxiety with a LESSER risk of
drowsiness, overdose, and slowed breathing, the physician would
prescribe:
barbiturates. Incorrect
alcohol. Incorrect
benzodiazepines. (True Answer )Correct
cocaine. Incorrect
2008
A wounded veteran of the U.S. Civil War suffering from soldiers'
disease MOST likely was suffering from:
morphine dependence. (True Answer )Correct
THC-induced symptoms from wound binding made of hemp cloth.
Incorrect
alcohol dependence. Incorrect
cirrhosis caused by drinking medicine dissolved in ethyl alcohol.
Incorrect
2009
A friend says, I want to minimize my risks of organ damage and longlasting mental change, and then asks, What kind of drug should I
most avoid? Your BEST response is:
Alcohol. (True Answer )Correct
Opioids. Incorrect
Stimulants, especially amphetamines. Incorrect
Barbiturates. Incorrect
2010
Of the following, which has the LOWEST risks for drug dependency and
long-term behavioral change?
alcohol Incorrect
cannabis (True Answer )Correct
barbiturates Incorrect
2011
The drug that, when misused, would MOST quickly result in
dependence or addiction would be:
Xanax. Incorrect
opium. (True Answer )Correct
cannabis. Incorrect
ethyl alcohol. Incorrect

2012
Unlike the opioid drugs morphine and heroin, methadone:
is not a narcotic. Incorrect
is a central nervous system depressor. Incorrect
causes nausea. Incorrect
is synthetic. (True Answer )Correct
2013
After an accident, Kendra was taken to the hospital with broken legs
and arms. She was almost immediately given a shot that reduced her
pain. The shot was MOST likely:
morphine. (True Answer )Correct
a sedative. Incorrect
a barbiturate. Incorrect
an amphetamine. Incorrect
2014
All the opioid drugs are known collectively as:
narcotics. (True Answer )Correct
endorphins. Incorrect
depressants. Incorrect
hallucinogens. Incorrect
2015
Serina has just had an injection of heroin. She feels intense pleasure
very quickly. This is known as:
a nod. Incorrect
a rush. (True Answer )Correct
a high. Incorrect
2016
The drug that produces effects similar to what neurotransmitters called
endorphins produce is:
heroin. (True Answer )Correct
LSD. Incorrect
Benzedrine. Incorrect
methamphetamine. Incorrect
2017
The pleasant feeling called a high produced by using narcotics is due
to:
an increase in the release of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
Incorrect
the opponent process caused by IV injection. Incorrect
the drug attaching to sites normally receptive to endorphins. (True
Answer )Correct
the drug flooding neurotransmitter synapses with dopamine.
Incorrect
2018
During his first night in the detoxification unit, Quent developed what
seemed like a case of the flu. He ached all over and had diarrhea. He
was probably withdrawing from:
heroin. (True Answer )Correct
alcohol. Incorrect
cocaine. Incorrect
cannabis. Incorrect
2019
In the past 30 years, the rate of opioid addiction in the United States
has:
increased steadily. Incorrect
decreased steadily. Incorrect
remained relatively constant. Incorrect
gone down and up at least twice. (True Answer )Correct
2020
A heroin overdose is likely to occur when:
one has been without heroin for a period of time and then takes
one's usual dose. (True Answer )Correct
one consistently takes the same dose of heroin. Incorrect
one gradually, but consistently takes larger doses of heroin.
Incorrect
one has been without heroin for a period of time and then takes a
lower than usual dose. Incorrect
2021
Why is the risk of transmitting AIDS an important factor for heroin
users?
because heroin facilitates the body's receptivity to AIDS Incorrect
because heroin lowers immune system function Incorrect
because heroin is a good medium in which viruses can grow
Incorrect
because heroin users often share needles infected with the AIDS
virus (True Answer )Correct
2022
A person would be LEAST likely to feel drowsy soon after taking a
moderate dose of which type of drug?
ethyl alcohol Incorrect
amphetamines (True Answer )Correct
opium Incorrect
2023
Cocaine and amphetamines produce:
similar behavioral effects, and similar emotional effects. (True
Answer )Correct
similar behavioral effects, but different emotional effects. Incorrect
different behavioral effects, but similar emotional effects. Incorrect
different behavioral effects, and different emotional effects.

Incorrect
2024
A person who recently injected cocaine reports reaching the peak of
euphoria. Usually, that euphoria:
precedes the peak of dopamine-using neuron activity by about 5
minutes. Incorrect
occurs at about the same time as the peak of dopamine-using
neuron activity. (True Answer )Correct
follows the peak of dopamine-using neuron activity by about 5
minutes. Incorrect
follows the peak of dopamine-using neuron activity by at least 10
minutes. Incorrect
2025
An individual who has recently taken a drug angrily grabs some car
keys and attempts to drive home. The person appears anxious, and
keeps bragging that driving the car won't really be that difficult. MOST
likely, that person is experiencing:
cocaine intoxication. (True Answer )Correct
decreasing cross-tolerance. Incorrect
2026
Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He
MOST likely used:
heroin. Incorrect
alcohol. Incorrect
cocaine. (True Answer )Correct
a barbiturate. Incorrect
2027
Ellen stopped taking her regular amount of cocaine after using it for
months. She will probably experience:
letdown, depressed feelings, and crashing. (True Answer )Correct
pain, sweating, mania, and nausea. Incorrect
excitement, insomnia, and hallucinations. Incorrect
dramatic tremors of the hands and face, very rapid heart rate, and
convulsions. Incorrect
2028
The proportion of Americans over the age of 11 who smoke is about:
1/10. Incorrect
1/3. (True Answer )Correct
1/2. Incorrect
2/3 Incorrect
2029
A friend asks you for advice about how to stop smoking. Based on the
data, your best advice to your friend would be:
Try a self-help kit, and stick with it. Most people who try to quit
smoking succeed only if they can quit on their first try. Incorrect
Try a self-help kit, then try it again and again. Most people who try
to quit smoking succeed only after they've failed to quit several times.
Incorrect
Try aversion therapy, for example, rapid smoking. (True Answer )
Correct
Support groups have the best long-term results. Incorrect
2030
Methods of supplying nicotine to those who are trying to quit smoking
include all of the following except:
nicotine nasal spray. Incorrect
the subcutaneous nicotine pump. (True Answer )Correct
the nicotine patch. Incorrect
nicotine gum. Incorrect
2031
Research suggests that people continue to use tobacco despite its
health risks because:
nicotine is so addictive. (True Answer )Correct
they are not aware of the dangers. Incorrect
it decreases their level of stress. Incorrect
it is acceptable to smoke in U.S. culture. Incorrect
2032
Free-basing has the effect of making cocaine:
more concentrated. (True Answer )Correct
able to be injected. Incorrect
cheaper. Incorrect
condense into a liquid. Incorrect
2033
About what percentage of the population in the United States abuses
or is dependent on cocaine?
5 percent Incorrect
2034
If you were trying to convince a friend not to be a cocaine user, what
would you cite as the GREATEST damage stemming from cocaine use?
being assaulted in drug-related crimes Incorrect
contracting AIDS Incorrect
damage to mucus membranes Incorrect
overdose effects (True Answer )Correct
2035
An EMT has to be especially aware of people abusing cocaine, because
even young people are at risk for all of the following EXCEPT:
heart attacks. Incorrect
respiratory failure. Incorrect

miscarriage. Incorrect
asthmatic attacks. (True Answer )Correct
2036
Lola's physician prescribed diet pills. Which of the following drugs are
they MOST likely to have contained?
cocaine Incorrect
morphine Incorrect
amphetamines (True Answer )Correct
2037
After a fire in an isolated farmhouse, firefighters found several small
propane tanks and other strong evidence of a recently abandoned
meth lab. If what the firefighters found was a meth lab, it was:
very unusualmost meth labs now are relatively large operations in
urban areas. Incorrect
unusualmost meth labs now are relatively large operations in rural
areas. (True Answer )Correct
unusualmost meth labs now are relatively small operations in
urban areas. Incorrect
typicalmost meth labs now are relatively small operations in rural
areas. Incorrect
2038
The club drug, which damages nerve endings and is associated with
high rates of HIV- positive tests but which is NOT considered
hallucinogenic, is:
methamphetamine. (True Answer )Correct
amphetamine Incorrect
Ecstasy (MDMA). Incorrect
hashish. Incorrect
2039
The stimulant used by MORE people in the world than any other is:
nicotine. Incorrect
cocaine (including free-based and crack forms). Incorrect
amphetamines. Incorrect
caffeine. (True Answer )Correct
2040
A person took a drug an hour or two ago. Now the person sits alone,
quietly and intensely listening to the sap running in a tree whose
leaves appear a brilliant purple to the drug user. MOST likely, the
person has recently used:
LSD. (True Answer )Correct
cocaine. Incorrect
marijuana. Incorrect
2041
While under the influence of LSD, Matilda believes that she can feel the
sounds around her. This effect is known as:
synesthesia. (True Answer )Correct
hallucination. Incorrect
the psychedelic effect. Incorrect
2042
A person takes a drug at noon. Although remaining awake and alert,
the person experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and greatly
enhanced visual perceptions. By dinner, the symptoms have pretty
well subsided. MOST likely, that person:
had at least four beers. Incorrect
took LSD. (True Answer )Correct
injected heroin. Incorrect
took a dose of barbiturates. Incorrect
2043
What is the risk of tolerance and physical addiction to hallucinogens as
compared to that of other addictive drugs?
minimal (True Answer )Correct
more than most Incorrect
about the same as the depressants Incorrect
about the same as the stimulants Incorrect
2044
At the rave, a student took a drug that caused a great burst of
energy, along with badly distorted visual experiences. Most likely, the
drug the student took was:
cannabis (smoked). Incorrect
cannabis (ingested). Incorrect
Xanax. Incorrect
Ecstasy. (True Answer )Correct
2045
Months after last taking a drug, a former drug abuser still produces
very little serotonin. The person is depressed and anxious, and has
great difficulty remembering new material. Most likely, the abused
drugif it were a single drugwas:
Ecstasy. (True Answer )Correct
cannabis. Incorrect
LSD. Incorrect
benzodiazepine. Incorrect
2046
A person who uses the drug Ecstasy at a crowded party begins to feel
too hot, and immediately drinks lots of fluids. This person:
may be in trouble; the person may experience hypothermia or water
intoxication. (True Answer )Correct
may be in trouble; the person may experience hypothermia, but not
water intoxication. Incorrect
may be in trouble; the person may experience water intoxication,

but not hypothermia. Incorrect
probably will be fine; lots of water will eliminate the chance of
hypothermia. Incorrect
2047
An acquaintance of yours uses Ecstasy and says, Wow! I was totally
energized and tripping. It was like LSD and meth combined. Your
acquaintance's experience with Ecstasy was:
very unusual; the drug usually acts as a central nervous system
depressant. Incorrect
common; the drug has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties.
uncommon; the drug has stimulant but not hallucinogenic
properties. Incorrect
uncommon; the drug has hallucinogenic, but not stimulant
properties. Incorrect
2048
The chief danger of LSD use is:
the risk of developing drug tolerance. Incorrect
the possibility of very powerful, sometimes negative, reactions.
the severity of withdrawal symptoms among even occasional users.
Incorrect
the universal occurrence of flashbacks among former users.
Incorrect
2049
The MOST powerful form of cannabis is:
ganja. Incorrect
hashish. (True Answer )Correct
free-based THC. Incorrect
2050
The duration of most of the effects of cannabis is about:
one hour. Incorrect
two to six hours. (True Answer )Correct
one to two days. Incorrect
a week. Incorrect
2051
According to the chart in your textbook, teenagers say that the drug
easiest for them to obtain is:
alcohol. (True Answer )Correct
nicotine (cigarettes). Incorrect
amphetamines. Incorrect
2052
Marijuana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug

dependence than users around the year 2000 because the marijuana
available in the 1960s had:
much less THC. (True Answer )Correct
much more THC. Incorrect
no hallucinogenic effects. Incorrect
more powerful hallucinogenic effects. Incorrect
2053
A high school student asks you, What's the big deal about using pot?
How can it hurt me? The MOST accurate reply you could make is:
If you're high, you won't be able to remember what you just
learned. (True Answer )Correct
THC in your body can produce dangerous flashbacks when you get
older. Incorrect
Even a moderate dose of THC can produce perceptual distortions
and coma. Incorrect
You're rightit really won't affect you much in school. Incorrect
2054
Three chronic marijuana usersa light user, a moderate user, and
a heavy userstop using marijuana. Several weeks later, abnormal
blood flow, which had occurred in the brains of all three prior to
quitting, had MOST likely:
returned to normal flow levels for all three. Incorrect
returned to normal flow levels for the light and moderate users
only. Incorrect
returned close to normal for the light and moderate users only,
but still remained at abnormal levels for the heavy user. (True
Answer )Correct
returned closer to normal for all three. Incorrect
2055
Which of the following is a negative effect of cannabis use?
decrease in fertility (True Answer )Correct
the possibility of stroke Incorrect
the possibility of heart attack Incorrect
strong withdrawal symptoms upon stopping Incorrect
2056
If someone opposes the medical use of THC, MOST likely, the person
may do so because:
scientific research shows no legitimate medical application of THC.
Incorrect
the physiological side effects substantially outweigh the known
medical benefits. Incorrect
medical use is just another way of saying legalized pot. Incorrect
of legal or moral reasons. (True Answer )Correct
2057
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding

cannabis in the United States?
Cannabis is native to the United States and has been used for
several centuries in North America for medical and recreational
purposes. Incorrect
Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago
and was first used for medical purposes. (True Answer )Correct
and was first used for recreational
purposes. Incorrect
and was used from the beginning for both recreational and medical
purposes. Incorrect
2058
Throughout most of the United States, it is illegal to use marijuana,
even for medical reasons. Compared to other nations, this is:
very unusual; most countries permit both medical and recreational
use of marijuana. Incorrect
unusual; most countries permit medical, but not recreational, use of
somewhat unusual; most countries permit at least limited medical
use of marijuana. Incorrect
common; most countries do not allow either medical or recreational
use of marijuana. (True Answer )Correct
2059
Probably the WORST thing one who has partied hard with alcohol
could do right after drinking would be to:
drink four or more cups of coffee. Incorrect
eat a small to medium-sized meal. Incorrect
sleep it off without taking drugs to minimize aftereffects. Incorrect
take some barbiturates to fall asleep. (True Answer )Correct
2060
Barry drank quite a lot at the biggest party of the year. Later, he had
trouble falling asleep, so he took a barbiturate. If he dies from
respiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol
and barbiturate had:
a synergistic effect. (True Answer )Correct
antagonistic actions. Incorrect
complementary actions. Incorrect
a cross-tolerance effect. Incorrect
2061
Which of the following combinations is MOST likely to result in
antagonistic effects?
LSD and cocaine Incorrect
alcohol and barbiturates Incorrect
cocaine and amphetamine Incorrect
barbiturates and cocaine (True Answer )Correct

2062
Polysubstance use involving illegal drugs occurs in about what percent
of U.S. illegal drug users?
2063
Which of the following would be MOST likely to develop alcoholism?
a lower socioeconomic class person living in a high unemployment
area (True Answer )Correct
a lower socioeconomic class person living in a low unemployment
area Incorrect
a higher socioeconomic class person living in a high unemployment
area Incorrect
a higher socioeconomic class person living in a low unemployment
area Incorrect
2064
Researchers have found that substance use disorders are more
common among some religious groups than others, and generally are
more common among some groups than among others. Together,
these findings provide the MOST support for which view of substance
abuse disorders?
cognitive Incorrect
cognitive-behavioral Incorrect
2065
According to recent studies, in a random sample of 24 employed
adults, you would expect that about 2 of them would be using an
illegal drug. In a random sample of 24 unemployed adults, how many
illegal drug users would you expect to find?
2 Incorrect
4 (True Answer )Correct
8 Incorrect
16 Incorrect
2066
One longitudinal study found that men who develop alcoholism were
initially MORE:
antisocial as adults. Incorrect
aggressive as children. Incorrect
impulsive in adolescence. (True Answer )Correct
depressed in adolescence. Incorrect
2067
Studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for

developing substance abuse show that:
one key personality trait, impulsivity, predicts substance abuse.
Incorrect
one key personality trait, dependence, predicts substance abuse.
Incorrect
a specific group of traits predicts substance abuse. Incorrect
no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse.
2068
Drug dependence may develop because one finds drug use rewarding
when it reduces tension. Which view of substance abuse would MOST
agree with this statement?
2069
A manager who feels anxious about speaking in front of large groups
frequently has a couple of glasses of wine to relax before beginning
to speak. This medicinal use of alcohol can be explained MOST
easily:
by opponent-process theory. Incorrect
through molecular biological analysis. Incorrect
by operant conditioning. (True Answer )Correct
as genetic predisposition. Incorrect
2070
Daniel, an intravenous heroin user, feels intense cravings when he
sees hypodermic needles. This may be an example of:
modeling. Incorrect
observational learning. Incorrect
2071
A marijuana user has just taken the drug. Almost half an hour passes
before the user begins to experience the drug high. Most likely, the
user has taken the drug by:
inhalation (smoking). Incorrect
eating it in some food. (True Answer )Correct
intramuscular injection. Incorrect
intravenous injection. Incorrect
2072
A person with a substance abuse problem has just self-administered by
intramuscular injection an overdose of fentanyl, a very powerful
synthetic narcotic. A potentially fatal side effect of fentanyl overdose is
that breathing stops.
Assuming the drug would interfere with breathing when it reaches the
brain, the person should experience breathing difficulty:
almost immediately. Incorrect
in a few seconds. Incorrect
in a few minutes. (True Answer )Correct
in about a half hour. Incorrect
2073
If genetics plays a strong role in the development of cocaine abuse, we
would expect to find the LOWEST concordance rates for cocaine abuse
among:
genetically unrelated pairs of people. (True Answer )Correct
parents and their children. Incorrect
identical twins. Incorrect
siblings of the same gender. Incorrect
2074
Assume a researcher finds that overuse of a drug reduces the body's
production of neurotransmitters. Thus, if an abuser of this drug stops
taking the drug, withdrawal symptoms occur until the brain begins
producing normal levels of neurotransmitters again. Such a finding
would most directly support which view of the cause of substanceabuse disorders?
biochemical (True Answer )Correct
opponent-process Incorrect
2075
Chronic and excessive use of benzodiazepines may cause the:
increased production of GABA. Incorrect
decreased production of GABA. (True Answer )Correct
decreased breakdown of GABA. Incorrect
increased growth of GABA-producing cells. Incorrect
2076
Research indicates that the MOST important neurotransmitter in the
pleasure pathway of the brain is probably:
acetylcholine. Incorrect
anandamide. Incorrect
dopamine. (True Answer )Correct
one of the endorphins. Incorrect
2077
Scientists have conducted breeding experiments by mating across
generations nonhumans that prefer alcohol. What have
these researchers found?
Alcohol preference is not genetic. Incorrect
Virtually all of the offspring prefer alcohol over other tastes.
Incorrect
Many of the offspring prefer alcohol over other tastes. (True

Answer )Correct
Only 10 percent of the offspring prefer alcohol; that is twice the
normal 5 percent preference. Incorrect
2078
Is there any explanation of a genetic explanation for substance abuse
disorders?
No; present studies are inconclusive, but the possibility of a
conclusive finding remains. Incorrect
Yes; although at present, only 10 chromosomes have genes related
to substance abuse disorders, the explanation will probably end up
being polygenic. Incorrect
Maybe; there is one twin study that seems to support a genetic
explanation. Incorrect
Maybe; those with a substance use disorder are more likely than
those without a disorder to have an abnormal D2 receptor gene. (True
Answer )Correct
2079
A researcher reports that a drug directly stimulates a reward center in
the brain rather than through indirect stimulation of a reward center.
The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs
EXCEPT:
cocaine. Incorrect
marijuana. (True Answer )Correct
All of these drugs stimulate reward centers in the brain. . Incorrect
2080
A researcher reports that a drug indirectly stimulates a reward center
in the brain rather than directly stimulating it. The drug the researcher
is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT:
alcohol. Incorrect
opium. Incorrect
cocaine. (True Answer )Correct
2081
Which of the following has been identified as a problem in designing
and evaluating treatment methods for substance
abuse?
Virtually all patients relapse. Incorrect
Antagonistic drugs are not legal. Incorrect
It has been difficult to precisely define treatment success. (True
Answer )Correct
The problem is a biological one and does not respond to
psychological treatment. Incorrect
2082
A friend says, I'm thinking about getting some help for my problem
drinking. What's the most commonly used form of treatment? Your
BEST answer is:
private doctor's offices Incorrect
self-help groups. (True Answer )Correct
inpatient rehabilitation. Incorrect
outpatient mental health centers. Incorrect
2083
Of the following alternatives, the MOST commonly used form of
treatment for a substance abuse disorder is:
hospital inpatient. Incorrect
outpatient mental health center. Incorrect
inpatient rehabilitation. Incorrect
self-help groups. (True Answer )Correct
2084
Psychodynamic therapies may not be very effective in the treatment of
substance-related disorders because:
they teach only new behaviors, not new thought patterns. Incorrect
they teach only new thought patterns, not new behaviors. Incorrect
finding the cause of a substance-related disorder is less important
than treating the abuse as an independent problem. (True Answer )
Correct
psychodynamic therapists unilaterally reject any use of
multidimensional treatment programs. Incorrect
2085
In general, behavioral treatments for substance-related disorders are
more successful when:
the person receiving the therapy is highly motivated to continue.
the behavioral treatments are not combined with other forms of
treatment. Incorrect
the focus of therapy is strictly behavioral (not cognitivebehavioral). Incorrect
initial attempts at contingency management have failed. Incorrect
2086
A client being treated for alcohol abuse receives just enough of a drug
called curare to produce temporary paralysis just as that client takes a
swig of beer. Presumably, sufficient pairings of paralysis and alcohol
will reduce the client's desire for alcohol. This procedure is called:
contingency training. Incorrect
aversion therapy. (True Answer )Correct
2087
Cocaine abusers on an inpatient ward earn rewardsand eventual

release from the programif they produce periodic urine samples that
are free of the drug. The program they are in is a form of:
behavioral self-control training (BSCT). Incorrect
contingency training. (True Answer )Correct
detoxification. Incorrect
2088
According to reports about the effectiveness of Drug Courts and
Sobriety High programs, how likely are those who complete these
programs to violate the law again compared with those who do not
complete them?
one-tenth as likely Incorrect
one-third as likely (True Answer )Correct
half as likely Incorrect
as likely (because they show no improvement over those not
completing the programs) Incorrect
2089
According to reports about the effectiveness of the Sobriety High
program, about what percent of those enrolled have mental health
problems besides chemical dependency?
almost 100 percent Incorrect
2090
Sobriety High and Drug Court programs:
cost the same as regular educational programs, and do not save
society money in the long run. Incorrect
cost the same as regular educational programs, but save society
money in the long run. Incorrect
actually cost less than regular educational programs, but do not
save society money in the long run. Incorrect
cost more than regular educational programs, but save society
money in the long run. (True Answer )Correct
2091
Jason, a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the
situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he
should stop drinking. This approach is known as:
aversive therapy. Incorrect
ego-control therapy. Incorrect
behavioral self-control training. Incorrect
2092
What would those who support the Alcoholics Anonymous approach to

treating alcoholism have to say about the cognitive-behavioral
procedure called relapse-prevention training?
They would oppose relapse-prevention training because it does not
require sobriety. (True Answer )Correct
They would oppose relapse-prevention training because research
shows it doesn't work very well. Incorrect
They would support relapse-prevention training because it requires
sobriety. Incorrect
They would support relapse-prevention training because of the
testimonial evidence of its effectiveness. Incorrect
2093
A client receiving treatment for substance abuse keeps track of times
the substance is used, and develops strategies to deal with the
substance when there is an opportunity to use it. The client is MOST
likely receiving:
contingency management training. Incorrect
Cognitive-Antagonist training (CAT). Incorrect
2094
Detoxification procedures may involve any of the following, EXCEPT:
giving the client other drugs to reduce withdrawal symptoms during
detoxification. Incorrect
gradually reducing the dose of the substance the client uses.
Incorrect
initially increasing the substance dose to make the substance
aversive. (True Answer )Correct
All the above are commonly-used detoxification procedures.
Incorrect
2095
Jess thought she was taking an aspirin. But later when she had a glass
of wine and became very nauseated she realized the pill was:
naloxone. Incorrect
disulfiram. (True Answer )Correct
naltrexone. Incorrect
methadone. Incorrect
2096
The purpose of an antagonist drug is to:
stimulate the client to care about becoming drug-free. Incorrect
block or change the effect of an addictive drug. (True Answer )
Correct
reduce withdrawal effects as one goes off a drug. Incorrect
provide a placebo effect to replace the drug effect. Incorrect
2097
The use of narcotic antagonists can be dangerous. This is based on

their ability to initiate:
respiratory failure. Incorrect
severe withdrawal. (True Answer )Correct
neurological damage. Incorrect
addiction to the antagonist. Incorrect
2098
The use of methadone in drug maintenance programs is controversial
because methadone:
use increases the risk of contracting AIDS. Incorrect
costs over $50 a day per person treated. Incorrect
produces withdrawal sometimes more difficult than heroin
withdrawal. (True Answer )Correct
needs to be taken several times per day in a rigid schedule.
Incorrect
2099
During a recent ambulance call, EMTs gave naloxone to a person who
had injected an overdose of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid. This treatment
is usually:
ineffective in treating opioid overdose. Incorrect
ineffective in treating opioid overdose, although it weakens
subsequent withdrawal symptoms. Incorrect
effective in treating opioid overdose. Incorrect
effective in treating opioid overdose, although it may make
withdrawal symptoms more severe. (True Answer )Correct
2100
One of the features of Alcoholics Anonymous is:
peer support. (True Answer )Correct
residential services. Incorrect
alcohol maintenance. Incorrect
antagonistic medication. Incorrect
2101
Hanna goes to a meeting because her husband is an alcoholic who only
occasionally can abstain from alcohol. The meetings with other people
in similar situations helps her cope. She probably attends meetings of:
Al Anon. (True Answer )Correct
Alcoholics Anonymous. Incorrect
alcohol maintenance. Incorrect
antagonistic medication. Incorrect
2102
Alcoholics Anonymous supports the belief that alcoholics should:
cease drinking entirely. (True Answer )Correct
learn to stop after one drink. Incorrect
be taught to drink more moderately. Incorrect
admit that they are morally reprehensible for drinking. Incorrect
2103
Alcoholism is a disease; you are an alcoholic for life, and must stop
drinking. The treatment favored by the person/group being quoted
MOST likely is:
Alcoholics Anonymous. (True Answer )Correct
cognitive-behavioral therapy. Incorrect
behavioral therapy. Incorrect
2104
Evidence for the effectiveness of self-help programs comes MOSTLY
from:
carefully monitored longitudinal studies. Incorrect
laboratory experimentation and generalization of findings. Incorrect
cross-sectional surveys of self-help program participants. Incorrect
testimonials from those who have gone through such a
program. (True Answer )Correct
2105
Recent studies show that gender-sensitive programs for treating
substance abuse:
may not be necessary; substance abusers of different genders have
about the same physical and psychological reactions to drugs.
Incorrect
have some usefulness; substance abusers of different genders have
the same physical, but different psychological, reactions to drugs.
Incorrect
have some usefulness; substance abusers of different genders have
different physical, but the same psychological, reactions to drugs.
Incorrect
may be very useful; substance abusers of different genders have
different physical and psychological reactions to drugs. (True Answer )
Correct
2106
A clinician wishes to begin a drug abuse prevention campaign in a
community. The most important thing the clinician can do is to:
concentrate on radio and TV public service announcements.
Incorrect
enlist the help of those who are admired in the community. Incorrect
provide a consistent message across the media about drug abuse.
obtain permission to focus the campaign in the local high school.
Incorrect
2107
DSM-5 includes gambling disorder as an addictive disorder, along with
substance abuse disorders. This inclusion is:
unique; gambling disorder is the only disorder in the category that
doesn't involve a substance. (True Answer )Correct
unusual; gambling disorder joins computer gaming disorder as the

second disorder in the category that doesn't involve a substance.
Incorrect
unusual; gambling disorder and computer gaming disorder both
were added as non-substance disorders in the category. Incorrect
common; there presently are seven other disorders in the category
that don't involve a substance. Incorrect
2108
An individual goes to a casino two weekends every year. While there,
he usually loses several thousand dollars gambling. In between casino
visits, he neither gambles nor thinks much about gambling. The MOST
accurate assessment of this behavior would be:
This behavior is not a gambling disorder. (True Answer )Correct
This behavior may not be gambling disorder because the person
doesn't gamble often enough. Incorrect
This behavior may not be gambling disorder because the person
doesn't lose enough money. Incorrect
This behavior is a gambling disorder. Incorrect
2109
I feel great! a friend says, Let's go to the casino and play the slots.
Your friend has been to the casino several times in the past two weeks
and just can't seem to stay away. Does your friend qualify for the
diagnosis of gambling disorder?
Probably; an elevated mood goes with gambling and your friend's
behavior seems out of control. Incorrect
Maybe; a distressed mood goes with gambling, and your friend's
behavior seems out of control. (True Answer )Correct
Maybe; an elevated mood goes with gambling, but your friend's
behavior doesn't seem out of control yet. Incorrect
No; mood is not related to gambling and your friend's behavior
doesn't seem out of control yet. Incorrect
2110
Gambling disorder is MOST common among:
adults who are feeling distressed. Incorrect
adults who are feeling happy. Incorrect
teenagers and college students who are feeling distressed. (True
Answer )Correct
teenagers and college students who are feeling happy. Incorrect
2111
I've been diagnosed with gambling disorder, a friend says and then
asks, What kind of therapy works best? Based on current research,
your BEST response is:
Short-term psychodynamic therapy seems best. Incorrect
Drugs alone should do the trick. Incorrect
I'd suggest drug therapy plus cognitive-behavior therapies.
Incorrect
The research is still limited and there is no best choice. (True

Answer )Correct
2112
I've been diagnosed with gambling disorder, a friend says, and then
asks What theory does the best job of explaining how I developed this
disorder? Based on current research, your BEST answer is:
Psychodynamic theory explains it the best. Incorrect
Sociocultural theory offers the best explanation. Incorrect
Cognitive theory provides the most useful explanation. Incorrect
No one is really sure; we need more research. (True Answer )
Correct
2113
I just received a DSM-5 diagnosis of Internet use disorder, a friend
says and then asks. What do you think? Your MOST accurate reply
would be:
That's possible. The disorder is a new one in the DSM-5. Incorrect
That's not possible. The disorder is not in the DSM-5. (True Answer
)Correct
That's possible. The disorder has been included from DSM-IV-TR to
DSM-5. Incorrect
That's not possible it's neither in the DSM-5, nor is there any
study going on that may lead to including it in the next edition.
Incorrect
2114
Internet use disorder is not in the DSM-5, but if it is included in the
next edition, a research-based estimate of the percentage of people in
the United States who would fit the diagnostic criteria would be about:
over 15 percent. Incorrect
2115
Which of the following statements MOST accurately reflects what is
being done in the area of Internet use disorder at the present time?
not much; Internet use disorder is not a DSM-5 category. Incorrect
almost nothing; many people use the Internet a lot, but not
compulsively or in a way that seriously affects social relationships.
Incorrect
a lot; Internet use disorder is a DSM-5 category. Incorrect
a lot; Internet use disorder is not a DSM-5 category, but people who
meet the disorder's criteria act similarly to those
with gambling disorder, which is in the DSM-5. (True Answer )Correct
1749
Identify the similarities and differences in anorexia and bulimia.
1750
Describe the behaviors that a purging-type bulimic and a bingeing-type
bulimic would display.
1751
Hilde Bruch developed a psychodynamic theory for eating disorders.
Using this theory, give three examples of how an eating disorder may
develop. Also, include a cognitive explanation of eating disorders.
1752
Using biological theory, discuss three factors that may point to a
biological explanation for eating disorders. Additionally, include the
relevance of weight set point in your answer.
1753
Some people feel that our society has become obsessed with thinness
recently. Discuss three different types of societal pressure that could be
used to support this claim.
1754
Discuss three factors involved in how families play a role in the
development and maintenance of eating disorders.
1755
Is body image a matter of race? Discuss the racial and ethnic
differences in the prevalence of eating disorders.
1756
Outline a treatment plan for someone experiencing anorexia that
includes the following: the two main goals of treatment, the short-term
and long-term treatment objectives, and the use of cognitivebehavioral therapy.
1757
How successful is treatment for anorexia? What can we anticipate
about the long-term adjustment of one who has had anorexia, both
physically and psychologically?
1758
You are a behavioral clinician treating someone with bulimia nervosa.
What would be your treatment goals and what techniques would you
use?
1759
The disorder characterized by low body weight and a disturbed body

image is called ______.
anorexia nervosa (True Answer )
*
1760
Anorexia nervosa that is characterized exclusively by controlling the
intake of food is called ______ anorexia nervosa.
restricting-type (True Answer )
*
1761
The ritualistic behaviors surrounding food that are characteristic of
anorexia nervosa are similar to ______.
obsessive-compulsive disorder (True Answer )
*
1762
An emaciated woman who perceives herself as too fat illustrates
______.
distorted thinking (True Answer )
*
1763
People with _______ have a low opinion of their body shape and physical
attractiveness.
distorted thinking (True Answer )
*
1764
The cessation of menstruation common to anorexic women is known as
______.
amenorrhea (True Answer )
*
1765
Overeating and vomiting characterize ______.
bulimia nervosa or binge/purge anorexia nervosa (True Answer )
*
1766
Those who have bulimia nervosa may have between ______ and ______
binge episodes per week.
1; 30 (True Answer )
*
1767
Kidney disease and heart problems are possible medical complication
of long-term ______.
bulimia nervosa (True Answer )
*
1768
The function in the body of glucagonlike peptide-1 is to act as a natural
______.
appetite suppressants (True Answer )

*
1769
The weight to which a person's body naturally returns after a diet is
known as his or her ______.
weight set point (True Answer )
*
1770
Gaining weight after a diet is over is called the ______.
rebound effect (True Answer )
*
1771
The emphasis on female thinness helps create a strong predisposition
toward eating disorders due to ______.
society (True Answer )
*
1772
According to Salvador Minuchin, a(n) ______ family pattern is one in
which members are overly concerned with each other's affairs.
enmeshed (True Answer )
*
1773
______is a therapy program conducted in a hospital ward. It emphasizes
educating anorexic patients, encouraging them, and providing a
structured program for weight gain.
Supportive nursing care (True Answer )
*
1774
In the therapy approach called ______, a therapist exposes a bulimic
patient to binge-inducing stimuli and then prevents binge eating
exposure and response prevention (True Answer )
*
1775
______ medication has been shown to be particularly effective with
bulimia nervosa.
Antidepressant (True Answer )
*
1776
The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by forced
vomiting is called:
obesity. Incorrect
obsession. Incorrect
anorexia nervosa. Incorrect
bulimia nervosa. (True Answer )Correct
1777
A person who eats large amounts of food in a short period, and does
this repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have:
a binge-eating disorder. (True Answer )Correct
bulimia nervosa. Incorrect
no eating disorder. Incorrect
1778
Characteristics of anorexia nervosa include all the following EXCEPT:
body weight of 85 percent or less than normal. Incorrect
fear of becoming overweight. Incorrect
a view that one is currently unattractively thin. (True Answer )
Correct
loss of menstrual periods. Incorrect
1779
Which of the following would be MOST likely to cut out sweets, then
eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in force
vomiting?
someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa (True
Answer )Correct
someone experiencing purging-type anorexia Incorrect
someone experiencing bulimia nervosa Incorrect
someone experiencing acute-type bulimia Incorrect
1780
Recent research on body dissatisfaction among college students
suggests which of the following?
Women who are overweight and underweight are more dissatisfied
than those who are of medium weight. Incorrect
Men and women show approximately equal rates of body
dissatisfaction. Incorrect
Men who are overweight and underweight are more dissatisfied than
those who are of medium weight. (True Answer )Correct
Among the overweight, body dissatisfaction rates are over 90
percent. Incorrect
1781
A young woman has become very afraid of being overweight. She has
recently reduced her food intake, although she feels hungry all the
time. As a result, her weight has dropped sharply below average, but
she still believes that she is overweight. She is MOST likely
experiencing:
anorexia nervosa. (True Answer )Correct
Carpenter's syndrome. Incorrect
carbohydrate deprivation. Incorrect
1782
A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually
eliminated other foods until he or she was eating almost nothing could
be experiencing:
binge-purge type of anorexia nervosa. Incorrect
sweet-phobia type of anorexia nervosa. Incorrect
restricted-type anorexia nervosa. (True Answer )Correct
exercise-induced anorexia nervosa. Incorrect
1783
What is the first type of food usually eliminated from the diet of the
developing restricting- type anorexic person?
meat Incorrect
sweets (True Answer )Correct
breads Incorrect
nuts and grains Incorrect
1784
A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by
using laxatives, and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia is
experiencing:
binge-eating/purging anorexia nervosa. (True Answer )Correct
food-phobia anorexia nervosa. Incorrect
restricted-type anorexia nervosa. Incorrect
variable-limited anorexia nervosa. Incorrect
1785
Which of the following is NOT true about anorexia nervosa?
It usually follows a diet in someone who is of normal weight or
slightly overweight. Incorrect
It can follow a stressful event such as divorce, a move from home,
or a personal failure. Incorrect
Fatalities are brought on by suicide or serious medical problems due
to starvation. Incorrect
About 25 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are
men. (True Answer )Correct
1786
Which of the following statements BEST reflects the relationship
between gender and eating disorders?
Most cases of eating disorders occur in males. Incorrect
Most cases of eating disorders begin in girls after the age of 18
years old. Incorrect
Most cases of eating disorders occur in females. (True Answer )
Correct
Most cases of eating disorders occur in females in Asian countries.
Incorrect
1787
The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is:
7 to 10. Incorrect
10 to 13. Incorrect
14 to 18. (True Answer )Correct

20 to 25. Incorrect
1788
What is the MOST common outcome for individuals with anorexia
nervosa?
recovery (True Answer )Correct
starving to death Incorrect
suffering irreversible physical harm Incorrect
suffering lifelong physiological trauma Incorrect
1789
Although most victims recover from eating disorders, between ______
and ______ of them become so seriously ill that they die from medical
problems or from suicide.
2 percent; 6 percent Incorrect
6 percent; 10 percent (True Answer )Correct
1790
If a person says, I must be perfect in every way. I'll be a better person
if I deprive myself of food, that person is engaging in:
distorted thinking. (True Answer )Correct
food preoccupation. Incorrect
obsessive-compulsions. Incorrect
amenorrhea. Incorrect
1791
The PRIMARY motivating emotion a person with anorexia experiences
is:
fear. (True Answer )Correct
anger. Incorrect
shame. Incorrect
hate. Incorrect
1792
The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is
thought to:
result from starvation. (True Answer )Correct
be the cause of the disorder. Incorrect
be more pronounced in younger children with anorexia. Incorrect
result from overeating. Incorrect
1793
In the 1940s, a group of volunteers was put on a semistarvation diet
for 6 months. During the latter part of the study:
several of the volunteers became bulimic. Incorrect
the volunteers thought about food all the time. (True Answer )
Correct
the volunteers never thought about food because it made them
hungry. Incorrect
the volunteers tended to avoid meals because they did not get
enough food. Incorrect
1794
A modern explanation of why many anorexic people continually have
food-related thoughts and dreams is that:
thoughts of food occur in order to avoid eating. Incorrect
fantasy about food fulfills basic needs of the id. Incorrect
such thoughts and dreams are the cause of food deprivation.
Incorrect
such thoughts and dreams are the result of food deprivation. (True
Answer )Correct
1795
The MOST common cognitive disturbance in anorexia nervosa is:
a distorted body image. (True Answer )Correct
a revulsion toward food. Incorrect
a major clinical depression. Incorrect
in their views of others. Incorrect
1796
People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to:
overestimate their body size. (True Answer )Correct
underestimate their body size. Incorrect
correctly estimate their body size. Incorrect
vary in accuracy in estimating their body size. Incorrect
1797
Which of these characteristics is MOST consistent with anorexia
nervosa?
a refusal to think about food at all Incorrect
a view that one's body is too thin Incorrect
body size overestimation (True Answer )Correct
distorted perception of others' sizes Incorrect
1798
Which of the following would be LEAST likely to characterize the
behavior of someone experiencing anorexia nervosa?
careful preparation and planning of the food one eats during the day
Incorrect
feeling oneself to be unattractively overweight Incorrect
a view that food deprivation makes one a better person Incorrect
a hesitancy to think and talk about food (True Answer )Correct
1799
Nonanorexic people who are placed on a starvation diet:
lose weight much more slowly than anorexic people. Incorrect
have more severe medical problems than anorexic people do.
Incorrect
show many of the food preoccupations of anorexia nervosa. (True
Answer )Correct
lose weight in the same way that anorexic people do, but do not
suffer the same food preoccupation. Incorrect
1800
If you were looking at a photograph of yourself and adjusting the size
until you thought the picture looked like you, you would MOST likely be
participating in an assessment of your:
accuracy in estimating body size. (True Answer )Correct
self-esteem. Incorrect
readiness for therapy. Incorrect
susceptibility to societal stereotypes. Incorrect
1801
Anorexic individuals often show which of the following personality
characteristics?
obsessions (True Answer )Correct
low anxiety Incorrect
multiple phobias Incorrect
episodes of mania Incorrect
1802
Of the following, the psychological disorder that anorexia nervosa
MOST resembles is:
a simple phobia. Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive disorder. (True Answer )Correct
1803
Which of the following psychological problems is LEAST likely to be
associated with anorexia nervosa?
schizophrenia (True Answer )Correct
substance abuse Incorrect
1804
If a friend were experiencing anorexia nervosa, you wouldn't be
surprised to find that the friend was also experiencing all of the
following EXCEPT:
a personality disorder. (True Answer )Correct
low self-esteem. Incorrect
anxiety. Incorrect
1805
A patient in therapy who eats exactly eight pieces of bread that he or
she has carefully made into balls of equal diameter is displaying a
symptom of anorexia nervosa related to:

1806
The popular star whose death raised awareness of eating disorders
was:
Elvis Presley. Incorrect
Jimi Hendrix. Incorrect
Karen Carpenter. (True Answer )Correct
Kurt Cobain. Incorrect
1807
Which of the following medical problems associated with anorexia is
MOST likely to lead to death?
amenorrhea Incorrect
skin and nail dryness Incorrect
growth of lanugo Incorrect
metabolic and electrolyte changes (True Answer )Correct
1808
Consequences of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT:
amenorrhea. Incorrect
dry, rough, cracked skin. Incorrect
fever and high blood pressure. (True Answer )Correct
development of the silky hair that covers newborns. Incorrect
1809
Which of the following problems is common in anorexia nervosa?
amenorrhea (True Answer )Correct
increased heart rate Incorrect
high blood pressure Incorrect
elevated body temperature Incorrect
1810
Which of the following problems is a possible medical complication of
anorexia nervosa?
high blood pressure Incorrect
decreased heart rate (True Answer )Correct
elevated body temperature Incorrect
increased bone mineral density Incorrect
1811
If an anorexic woman has lanugo, what has happened?
She has lost body hair. Incorrect
She has developed double vision. Incorrect
Her menstrual cycle has become irregular. Incorrect
She has grown fine silky hair on her body. (True Answer )Correct
1812
Misusing diuretics and laxatives following a binge is a symptom of the
______ of bulimia nervosa.
adolescent-type Incorrect
late-onset-type Incorrect
substance abuse-type Incorrect
purging-type (True Answer )Correct

1813
Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is
engaging in:
compensatory behaviors. (True Answer )Correct
purging. Incorrect
enmeshment. Incorrect
1814
Bulimia is always characterized by:
uncontrollable overeating. (True Answer )Correct
fasting and frantic exercise. Incorrect
being underweight. Incorrect
1815
All of the following are compensatory behaviors for someone with
bulimia EXCEPT:
excessive exercise. Incorrect
preoccupation with food. (True Answer )Correct
forced vomiting. Incorrect
use of diuretics. Incorrect
1816
The central feature of bulimia nervosa is:
excessive dieting and weight loss. Incorrect
fanatic exercising preceded by binge eating. Incorrect
purging either by vomiting or use of laxatives. Incorrect
binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior. (True Answer )
Correct
1817
The MOST accurate diagnosis for a woman who regularly eats a whole
pizza, a carton of ice cream, and a box of donuts at one sitting, then
forces herself to throw it all up is:
compulsive-type bulimia nervosa. Incorrect
purging-type bulimia nervosa. (True Answer )Correct
depressive-type bulimia nervosa. Incorrect
anorexia-type bulimia. Incorrect
1818
A woman eats cookies, cake, ice cream, and almost anything else that
is sweet. At some point during the binge, she takes a huge dose of a
laxative to empty out the food. Her taking the laxative, and the
assumption underlying why she does it, would lead to a diagnosis of:
binge-eating disorder. Incorrect
purging-type bulimia nervosa. (True Answer )Correct
nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa. Incorrect
eating disorder not otherwise specified. Incorrect
1819
Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa?

obsessive thoughts about cleanliness Incorrect
weight at least 15 percent below normal Incorrect
lack of control over eating during binging (True Answer )Correct
one episode of binge eating followed by purging Incorrect
1820
A woman eats chips and dips, burgers and fries, and drinks a couple of
shakes. Afterward, she goes to the gym and does 90 minutes of
aerobics, spends an hour on the stairstepper, and then does weights
for another hour. She also does not eat for 72 hours. The set of
assumptions underlying her behavior would lead to a diagnosis of:
purging-type bulimia nervosa. Incorrect
nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa. (True Answer )Correct
1821
If binge eating is followed by a period of strenuous exercise to
compensate for the food, the diagnosis is probably:
purging-type bulimia nervosa. Incorrect
nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa. (True Answer )Correct
1822
To qualify for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, what must be TRUE of the
compensatory behaviors displayed?
They must occur. (True Answer )Correct
They must involve vomiting. Incorrect
They must effectively cause weight loss. Incorrect
They must cause pathological changes in the body. Incorrect
1823
Compared to people with anorexia nervosa, MOST people with bulimia:
are younger. Incorrect
have less education. Incorrect
are of more normal weight. (True Answer )Correct
have obsessive thoughts about food. Incorrect
1824
Which of the following statements is true?
Most obese people are also bulimic. Incorrect
Most people with bulimia nervosa are also obese. Incorrect
People with restricting-type anorexia nervosa are generally also
obese. Incorrect
People with bulimia nervosa run the risk of becoming both anorexic
and obese. (True Answer )Correct
1825
People who are often overweight and regularly binge eat without
compensatory behaviors are experiencing:
binge-purge disorder. Incorrect

anorexia-bulimia disorder. Incorrect
binge-eating disorder. (True Answer )Correct
noncompensatory binge disorder. Incorrect
1826
Many teenagers go on occasional eating binges. Which of the following
is TRUE about this behavior?
The behavior is perfectly normal. Incorrect
The behavior inevitably leads to bulimia. Incorrect
Most people who engage in the behavior are not bulimic. (True
Answer )Correct
The behavior inevitably leads to excessive exercise. Incorrect
1827
If a friend of yours had bulimia nervosa and engaged in frequent
binges, about how many of his or her binges per week would you
expect to witness yourself?
10 Incorrect
none (True Answer )Correct
7 Incorrect
40 Incorrect
1828
What appears to be the KEY factor in determining the types of food
that are likely to be eaten in a binge?
oral stimulation through crunchiness Incorrect
high protein through meat Incorrect
rapidity through soft texture (True Answer )Correct
taste of the food Incorrect
1829
Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia from prebinge,
through binge, to postbinge is BEST described in sequence as:
control, enjoyment, shame. Incorrect
relaxation, pleasure, enjoyment. Incorrect
tension, powerlessness, shame. (True Answer )Correct
shame, doubt, guilt. Incorrect
1830
For people with bulimia nervosa, binge episodes produce feelings of:
control. Incorrect
satisfaction. Incorrect
anxiety and mania. Incorrect
guilt and depression. (True Answer )Correct
1831
People who binge:
like to eat high-protein foods such as steak and nuts. Incorrect
feel powerful before the binge. (True Answer )Correct
are usually calm and rational just before and then during a
binge. Incorrect
generally consume about 10,000 calories during a binge. Incorrect

1832
Vomiting as a compensatory behavior for those experiencing bulimia:
prevents the absorption of about 90 percent of calories consumed.
Incorrect
ironically, leads to greater hunger and more frequent binges. (True
Answer )Correct
helps one to feel full quicker during the next binge. Incorrect
is often done in public with no attempt to hide the behavior.
Incorrect
1833
Which of the following behaviors BEST describes the effects of
compensatory behaviors bulimics use in controlling weight?
Vomiting prevents the absorption of 90 percent of calories
consumed. Incorrect
Repeated vomiting affects one's ability to feel satiated. (True
Answer )Correct
Using laxatives almost completely undoes the caloric effects of
bingeing. Incorrect
Using diuretics almost completely undoes the caloric effects of
bingeing. Incorrect
1834
Following a very-low-calorie weight-loss program, participants would be
at MOST risk for:
bingeing. (True Answer )Correct
anorexia. Incorrect
family problems. Incorrect
1835
Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder, one would
MOST likely find that the woman:
had been unsuccessful in trying to lose weight. Incorrect
had gone through a period of intense criticism from her family.
Incorrect
had experienced a growth spurt. Incorrect
had been successful in losing weight and had been praised by
family. (True Answer )Correct
1836
Similarities between bulimia and anorexia include:
both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of
becoming obese. (True Answer )Correct
both involve a reluctance to think about food, weight, or
appearance. Incorrect
both involve an underestimation of one's weight and body size.
Incorrect
both tend to be related to personality disorders. Incorrect
1837
Where would one be MOST likely to see the sentence, Nothing tastes
as good as skinny feels?
on a bulimia blog Incorrect
in a treatment program for those with anorexia Incorrect
on a pro-annorexia Web site (True Answer )Correct
in an obesity prevention program Incorrect
1838
A young woman who is very concerned about being attractive to
others, is more sexually experienced, and has relatively few obsessive
qualities is:
more likely to be experiencing anorexia than bulimia. Incorrect
more likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia. (True Answer )
Correct
equally likely to be experiencing bulimia or anorexia. Incorrect
showing no symptoms that have been found to be related to eating
1839
Someone who is experiencing bulimia is MORE likely to _____ than
someone experiencing anorexia.
show obsessive tendencies Incorrect
believe his or her body size is larger than it actually is Incorrect
display characteristics of a personality disorder (True Answer )
Correct
have serious medical consequences from the disorder Incorrect
1840
The medical problem that is twice as frequent in anorexic women as it
is in bulimic women is:
hair loss. Incorrect
amenorrhea. (True Answer )Correct
hypokalemia. Incorrect
esophageal bleeding. Incorrect
1841
Which one of the following is a medical condition MORE common in
bulimia than anorexia?
amenorrhea Incorrect
dental problems (True Answer )Correct
high potassium levels in the blood Incorrect
growth of immature body hair Incorrect
1842
Biggest Loser contestants, if they are like the majority of obese
people, are MOST likely:
to be frequent binge eaters. Incorrect
to not display binge eating disorder. (True Answer )Correct
to binge on different kinds of food than those who experience
to engage in excessive compensatory activities. Incorrect

1843
In which of the following disorders would you expect nearly equal
numbers of men and women?
restricted-type anorexia nervosa Incorrect
binge eating disorder (True Answer )Correct
purging-type anorexia nervosa Incorrect
bulimia nervosa Incorrect
1844
How does binge eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa and
anorexia nervosa?
There is no body image dissatisfaction. People who have binge
eating disorder tend to be happy with the way they look. Incorrect
There is less gender difference in the incidence rates. (True Answer )
Correct
The disorder begins later in life. Incorrect
The amount of control experienced during bingeing is much less.
Incorrect
1845
The currently accepted view of eating disorders is that its cause is:
multidimensional. (True Answer )Correct
1846
If a therapist thought that eating disorders were BEST explained by an
interaction of sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors, that
therapist would be taking a(an):
monodimensional perspective. Incorrect
multidimensional perspective. Incorrect
cognitive-behavioral perspective. (True Answer )Correct
outdated perspective. Incorrect
1847
According to Hilde Bruch, which of the following characterizes
ineffective parents whose children are prone to eating disorders?
They feed children crying from hunger and comfort ones crying from
fear. Incorrect
They feed children too much, regardless of whether they are crying
or not. Incorrect
They feed anxious children and comfort tired ones. (True Answer )
Correct
They decide when their children are hungry and misinterpret the
actual condition of their children. Incorrect
1848
What underlies Hilde Bruch's ego deficiency view of children with
eating disorders is a sense of:
lack of control over their lives and a misperception of internal cues.

parents who failed to anticipate and meet their needs, especially for
food. Incorrect
hypersensitivity to and accuracy in interpreting internal cues.
Incorrect
hostile and abusive parents. Incorrect
1849
What does Hilde Bruch believe ineffective parents do that puts their
children at risk for eating disorders?
over control their children Incorrect
incorrectly interpret their children's needs (True Answer )Correct
cause their children to become too attentive to internal signals
Incorrect
give their children too much help and assistance Incorrect
1850
Parents who feed their children when they are anxious and comfort
them when they are tired rather than giving them a nap, run the risk of
producing children who:
can't assess their own needs. (True Answer )Correct
are insensitive to others. Incorrect
are overly dependent on internal cues. Incorrect
are too independent. Incorrect
1851
People with alexithymia are NOT able to:
tell when they are hungry. Incorrect
admit what is causing their eating disorder. Incorrect
put descriptive labels on what they are feeling. (True Answer )
Correct
accurately represent how large they are. Incorrect
1852
Compared to a person who is happy and self-confident, a person who is
bored and depressed:
is more likely to eat nutritional food. Incorrect
is equally likely to eat nutritional as junk food. Incorrect
cannot discriminate junk from nutritional food. Incorrect
is more likely to eat junk food. (True Answer )Correct
1853
Which of the following is the BEST example of alexithymia?
an inability to control one's eating Incorrect
an inability to describe one's feelings accurately (True Answer )
Correct
an inability to act independently Incorrect
an inability to describe one's body accurately Incorrect
1854
I have this vague sense that something isn't right, but I just can't
describe it, is a statement MOST likely said by someone experiencing:
exposure to response intervention. Incorrect
an enmeshed family. Incorrect
alexithymia. (True Answer )Correct
a weight set point. Incorrect
1855
People are MOST likely to eat junk food when they are experiencing:
anxiety. Incorrect
love. Incorrect
boredom. (True Answer )Correct
1856
In general, which of the following statements about feelings that
trigger eating is TRUE?
One is much more likely to eat nutritional foods than junk food when
in love. Incorrect
Anxiety is the feeling that is least likely to trigger the eating of junk
or nutritional foods. Incorrect
Positive emotions are less likely than negative emotions to trigger
the eating of junk food. (True Answer )Correct
Self-confident people basically don't eat junk food. Incorrect
1857
According to cognitive theorists, the underlying distortion in eating
disorders is related to:
a misunderstanding of the relationship between food and weight.
Incorrect
eating that is uncontrolled. Incorrect
too much concern with eating, shape, and weight. (True Answer )
Correct
an inability to control one's emotions. Incorrect
1858
If we find that many people with eating disorders also have symptoms
of depression, we know that:
eating disorders cause depression. Incorrect
depression causes eating disorders. Incorrect
something else causes both eating disorders and depression.
Incorrect
eating disorders and depression are somehow related. (True
Answer )Correct
1859
Support for the idea that mood disorders set the stage for eating
disorders comes from evidence that shows:
high levels of serotonin in the brain. Incorrect
that eating disorders have been successfully treated using antianxiety medication. Incorrect
that close relatives of people with eating disorders have a high rate
of mood disorders. (True Answer )Correct
that people with eating disorders are not more likely themselves to
be diagnosed with depression. Incorrect
1860
The levels of ______ are low in many people with depression and those
with eating disorders.
GABA Incorrect
serotonin (True Answer )Correct
dopamine Incorrect
norepinephrine Incorrect
1861
Compared to the general public, people with eating disorders are
MORE likely to:
be depressed. (True Answer )Correct
suffer from mania. Incorrect
experience panic attacks. Incorrect
have higher serotonin levels. Incorrect
1862
Depression and eating disorders are correlated. What does this
statement mean?
Depression causes people to be more likely to have eating
Eating disorders cause people to be more likely to be depressed.
Incorrect
Poor parenting causes both eating disorders and depression.
Incorrect
People with eating disorders also tend to be depressed. (True
Answer )Correct
1863
The concordance rate for anorexia nervosa in identical twins is 70
percent. This means that:
if you are an identical twin, your chances developing anorexia are
in 70 percent of identical twins, both twins have anorexia. Incorrect
fraternal twins have a 30 percent rate of anorexia. Incorrect
if your identical twin has anorexia, your chances of having it are 70
percent. (True Answer )Correct
1864
In which of the following cases are you MOST likely to develop an
eating disorder?
if you have a fraternal twin with anorexia nervosa Incorrect
if you have a fraternal twin with bulimia nervosa Incorrect
if you have an identical twin with anorexia nervosa (True Answer )
Correct
if you have an identical twin with bulimia nervosa Incorrect
1865
Serotonin levels are low in those with eating disorders and in those
with obsessive- compulsive disorder and depression. This means that:
low serotonin causes all three disorders. Incorrect
all the disorders cause serotonin to decrease. Incorrect
there is a relationship, but no evidence of causation. (True Answer )
Correct
if we raise serotonin levels, we will cure eating disorders. Incorrect
1866
The part of the brain MOST closely associated with the control of eating
and body weight is the:
thalamus. Incorrect
brain stem. Incorrect
hypothalamus. (True Answer )Correct
cerebral cortex. Incorrect
1867
When an experimenter stimulates a rat's lateral hypothalamus, the
MOST likely result is:
hunger. (True Answer )Correct
loss of appetite. Incorrect
death by starvation. Incorrect
intense sexual desire. Incorrect
1868
If you are overweight, the development of which of the following is
MOST likely to appeal to you?
a way to safely block GLP-1 in humans Incorrect
a way to safely activate the lateral hypothalamus in humans
Incorrect
a way to safely deactivate the ventromedial hypothalamus in
humans Incorrect
a way to safely increase GLP-1 in humans (True Answer )Correct
1869
According to recent research, which of the following is the LEAST likely
reason a person becomes obese?
defective GLP-1 receptors Incorrect
doing a lot of eating around others Incorrect
having obese biological parents Incorrect
lack of willpower (True Answer )Correct
1870
Which of the following is NOT true about obesity?
It is a mental disorder. (True Answer )Correct
It is more common in children of the obese. Incorrect
It is more common in lower socioeconomic
groups. Incorrect
It is on the rise in the United States. Incorrect
1871
If you are mildly to moderately obese, you can legitimately conclude

that:
you should be left alone, or encouraged to set only realistic weightloss goals. (True Answer )Correct
you have a mental disorder. Incorrect
you have too much GLP-1. Incorrect
you are at serious risk for medical complications. Incorrect
1872
Based on current research, all of the following individuals have a higher
risk of dying early EXCEPT:
moderately overweight people. Incorrect
underweight people who smoke. Incorrect
obese people. Incorrect
normal-weight people. (True Answer )Correct
1873
People who diet to lose weight usually:
gain the weight back. (True Answer )Correct
do not lose any weight. Incorrect
maintain a lower, but not the lowest, weight. Incorrect
maintain the low weight they achieve through dieting. Incorrect
1874
In order to change the high rates of obesity among U.S. children and
adolescents, which of the following should be addressed?
rates of exercise and dietary habits (True Answer )Correct
parental attitudes toward their children Incorrect
level of prejudice against obese people Incorrect
knowledge about the physiological correlates of obesity Incorrect
1875
GLP-1:
causes one to grow excessive body hair. Incorrect
helps determine the weight set point. Incorrect
causes one to eat uncontrollably. Incorrect
suppresses appetite. (True Answer )Correct
1876
Which of the following is the MOST accurate biological explanation for
people who gain weight after losing it?
abnormally high levels of serotonin persist despite dieting Incorrect
hypothalamus stops producing the appetite suppressant GLP-1.
Incorrect
the brain is trying to restore the person to a set weight point. (True
Answer )Correct
excessive stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus Incorrect
1877
According to weight set point theory, the consequences of dieting
below one's weight set point are:
There is increased hypothalamic activity, producing a revulsion to

food. Incorrect
Body changes produce further weight loss. Incorrect
There is an increase of hunger. (True Answer )Correct
There is a continuing loss of weight no matter how many calories
are consumed. Incorrect
1878
The weight set point is:
the weight a person is predisposed to maintain. Incorrect
the body's natural weight. (True Answer )Correct
the ideal weight that a person desires to achieve. Incorrect
the average weight for people of the same height. Incorrect
1879
Why does the author of your textbook describe dieters who have fallen
to a weight below their set point as being engaged in a battle against
themselves?
Their hypothalamus has been damaged. Incorrect
They have an emotional conflict between their desire to diet and
their desire to eat. Incorrect
Their brains are making them feel hungry, an impulse hard to resist.
What they want for themselves and what society tells them is
attractive are two different things. Incorrect
1880
Based on past results, one would predict that women who win the Miss
America Pageant in the future will:
be larger than those who lose. Incorrect
be about a pound heavier than the previous year's winner. Incorrect
be smaller than those who lose. (True Answer )Correct
have larger chests, but smaller hips than current winners. Incorrect
1881
If one found that the average weight and size of cheerleaders had
declined significantly over the years, and that those who aspired to be
cheerleaders had a high level of eating disorders, that would be
evidence for a ______ cause of eating disorders.
societal (True Answer )Correct
family Incorrect
psychological Incorrect
1882
Which professions put one MOST at risk for an eating disorder?
psychologists and psychiatrists Incorrect
doctors and nurses Incorrect
actors and certain athletes (True Answer )Correct
dress designers and make-up artists Incorrect
1883
Which of the following is MOST at risk for an eating disorder?

a college woman who is a nonathlete Incorrect
a woman lower on the socioeconomic scale Incorrect
an African American woman Incorrect
a gymnast (True Answer )Correct
1884
If you are an overweight female teenager with an eating disorder, you
are MORE likely than your peers to do all of the following EXCEPT spend
more time:
playing video games. (True Answer )Correct
on Facebook. Incorrect
surfing the Web for fashion sites. Incorrect
watching TV shows such as Gossip Girl. Incorrect
1885
In one study, prospective parents rated a picture of a chubby child as
______ than a less average-weight child.
friendly and intelligent (True Answer )Correct
masculine Incorrect
emotionally stable Incorrect
likely to succeed Incorrect
1886
Research on doll choice in preschoolers shows that:
children choose the doll that looks most like they do. Incorrect
children choose the thin doll rather than the chubby doll but don't
know why. (True Answer )Correct
children choose the thin doll and say they want to be thin
themselves. Incorrect
children choose the chubby doll but don't seem to know why.
Incorrect
1887
Almost two-thirds of women athletes engage in self-destructive ways of
controlling their weight. Which of the following is MOST common?
using laxatives Incorrect
inducing vomiting Incorrect
using diuretics Incorrect
taking diet pills (True Answer )Correct
1888
A recent study showed a positive correlation between the time spent
on Facebook and the likelihood of experiencing an eating disorder
among adolescent girls. This result showed that:
girls who spend time on Facebook are less likely to have eating
having an eating disorder causes one to disengage from face-to-face
interactions. Incorrect
being on Facebook is a way to avoid eating. Incorrect
exposure to media might be related to an increase in eating

disorders. (True
Answer )Correct
1889
Family members are overinvolved in each other's lives, but are
affectionate and loyal. This description fits Salvador Minuchin's
definition of an:
autonomous family pattern. Incorrect
underfunctioning family pattern. Incorrect
enmeshed family pattern. (True Answer )Correct
institutionalized family pattern. Incorrect
1890
Salvador Minuchin describes a family system in which members are
overly involved in each other's affairs as a(n):
interrelationary pattern. Incorrect
enmeshed family pattern. (True Answer )Correct
homeostatic family system. Incorrect
dysfunctionally interdependent system. Incorrect
1891
The push for independence threatens the enmeshed family pattern
when:
the child becomes anxious and this produces anorexia nervosa.
Incorrect
the stress of the situation leads to eating disorders. Incorrect
the child takes on a sick role to allow the family to live in harmony.
the child tries harder to adhere to the social view of physical
perfection. Incorrect
1892
Which of the following conclusions about family patterns and eating
disorders is MOST supported by systematic research?
People with eating disorders come from enmeshed families.
Incorrect
Children who take on a sick role will likely develop eating
Individuality and independence are related to the development of
eating disorders. Incorrect
Families of those with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa vary
widely. (True Answer )Correct
1893
Current research on eating disorders is MOST consistent with which of
the following statements?
White American women have better body images and fewer
problems with eating disorders than African American women.
Incorrect
African American women have better body images and fewer

problems with eating disorders than white American women. Incorrect
Both white American women and African American women have
better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders these
days than they did in the past. Incorrect
The rates of eating disorders are increasing in minority women
approaching rates found in white American women. (True Answer )
Correct
1894
If current trends concerning the body images of African American
women and white American women continue, we would expect in the
future that:
white American women would become more like African American
women. Incorrect
the body images of white American women would become more
realistic. Incorrect
African American culture would become more influential among
white Americans. Incorrect
African American women would show increasing body image
dissatisfaction. (True Answer )Correct
1895
Changes in body image among African American women and among
women in non-Westernized cultures support the idea that ______
has/have a strong influence on body image.
genetic similarities Incorrect
cognitive distortions Incorrect
exposure to white U.S. culture (True Answer )Correct
the impact of gender Incorrect
1896
That eating disorders are rising among nonwhite Americans to levels
approaching the rates for white Americans is MOST likely due to:
increases in the availability of junk food. Incorrect
alexithymia. Incorrect
the increase in the number of men with eating disorders. Incorrect
acculturation. (True Answer )Correct
1897
A study of college men showed that they describe the ideal male as
______ and the ideal female as ______.
slim and trim; slim and trim Incorrect
muscular; muscular Incorrect
muscular; thin (True Answer )Correct
athletic; strong Incorrect
1898
What is the MOST likely explanation for the different explanations of
eating disorders in men and women?
Men are judged by a harsher cultural standard of attractiveness.

Incorrect
Eating disorders may be overdiagnosed in women. Incorrect
Men restrict their caloric intake more severely when dieting.
Incorrect
Male eating disorders are more likely to be tied to work or sports.
1899
Which of the following would be MOST likely to lead to a diagnosis of
muscle dysmorphobia?
A man diets excessively, trying to have a body more like a woman's.
Incorrect
A man exercises excessively in order to lose weight and muscle
mass. Incorrect
A man who is excessively obese engages in binge eating. Incorrect
A man who is muscular but does not see himself as being muscular
and so continues to strive for a perfect body. (True Answer )Correct
1900
Of the following, the MOST appropriate diagnosis for a man who is
strong and fit but does not see himself that way is:
muscle dysmorphobia. (True Answer )Correct
reverse Barbie syndrome. Incorrect
1901
A man with muscle dysmorphobia is MOST likely to:
become anorexic. Incorrect
believe himself to be too muscularly developed despite the fact that
he is not. Incorrect
concentrate on the regulation of his eating rather than excessive
weight lifting. Incorrect
feel that he is scrawny despite the fact that he is not. (True Answer )
Correct
1902
The first step in treating anorexia nervosa is to:
correct family coping patterns. Incorrect
resolve unresolved oral conflicts. Incorrect
correct maladaptive thought patterns. Incorrect
help the person start to regain the lost weight. (True Answer )
Correct
1903
The major disadvantage of using forced tube-feeding for patients with
eating disorders who refuse to eat is that the patients:
may become distrustful of the therapist and uncooperative with
further treatment. (True Answer )Correct
may actually lose more weight than if they were not force-fed.
Incorrect
may gain weight too quickly. Incorrect
may become bulimic. Incorrect
1904
A person who was receiving the best and most current treatment for an
eating disorder would receive treatment designed to:
deal only with changing the poor eating habits. Incorrect
deal first with what caused the eating disorder, then correct it.
Incorrect
deal only with what caused the eating disorder. Incorrect
deal first with changing the eating habits, then with what caused
them. (True Answer )Correct
1905
The treatment that has been the MOST popular for restoring weight
among anorexic persons is:
drug therapy. Incorrect
intravenous feedings. Incorrect
supportive psychotherapy. Incorrect
supportive nursing care and a high-calorie diet. (True Answer )
Correct
1906
Anorectic patients receive a gradually increasing diet over the course
of several weeks, encouragement, education, and reassurance that
they will not become obese. The form of therapy they are receiving is:
autonomy and self-awareness training. Incorrect
a correction of disturbed cognitions. Incorrect
supportive nursing care. (True Answer )Correct
changing family interactions. Incorrect
1907
All treatments for anorexia nervosa share the long-term common goal
of:
producing weight gain in the patient. Incorrect
addressing the underlying causes of the disorders. (True Answer )
Correct
moving the patient out of the situation that caused the problem.
Incorrect
forcing the patient to accept responsibility for his or her actions.
Incorrect
1908
Lasting improvement for one with anorexia nervosa depends on:
continuing medical treatment. Incorrect
drug therapy over several years. Incorrect
addressing underlying psychological problems. (True Answer )
Correct
recognizing the need to give up control. Incorrect
1909
The MOST realistic statement a person with anorexia would make
following cognitive treatment is:
I expect to feel fat because of my illness. (True Answer )Correct
I no longer feel fat. Incorrect
Although I'm fat, I like my body now. Incorrect
I don't just feel fat, I am fat. Incorrect
1910
An example of a disturbed cognition that might be present in one being
treated for anorexia is the statement:
I don't talk about my feelings; I never have. Incorrect
My weight and shape determine my value. (True Answer )Correct
I am free to speak my mind and others shouldn't turn away.
Incorrect
Whatever I feel, she has to feel too. Incorrect
1911
An anorectic patient who says, I know that a key feature of anorexia
nervosa is a misperception of my own size, so I can expect to feel fat
regardless of my actual size, has most likely received which of the
following?
antidepressant medications Incorrect
exposure and response prevention Incorrect
cognitive-behavioral therapy (True Answer )Correct
treatment for family enmeshment Incorrect
1912
Research on the aftermath of anorexia nervosa shows that:
although psychological difficulties improve, weight gain is minimal.
Incorrect
although weight gain is good, most cannot hold a job. Incorrect
although weight gain is good, anorectic women fail to regain
menstruation. Incorrect
the death rate from anorexia appears to be declining. (True Answer )
Correct
1913
Which of the following is TRUE about recovery from anorexia?
The death rate from anorexia is increasing recently. Incorrect
Anorectic behavior recurs in about one-third of recovered patients.
Most recovered patients experience marital dissatisfaction and are
ineffective as employees. Incorrect
Few recovered patients continue to express concern about weight
and appearance. Incorrect
1914
What is a likely long-term consequence of anorexia?
failure to gain weight Incorrect
failure to menstruate Incorrect
continuing concern about weight and appearance (True Answer )

Correct
inability to succeed at a job Incorrect
1915
For which of the following individuals is recovery from anorexia MOST
likely?
someone who is a teenager rather than a young adult (True
Answer )Correct
someone who has lost a relatively large percentage of body weight
Incorrect
someone who also has sex problems Incorrect
someone who enters therapy late in his or her disorder Incorrect
1916
All the treatment methods for bulimia nervosa share the immediate
goal of:
changing distorted self-perceptions. Incorrect
addressing the underlying causes of the bulimic patterns. Incorrect
assisting patients to eliminate their binge-purge patterns. (True
Answer )Correct
forcing patients to accept the responsibility for their actions.
Incorrect
1917
The use of a food diary to keep track of eating behavior in the
treatment of bulimic patients is MOST likely to be used by a therapist
from the:
cognitive perspective. Incorrect
humanist perspective. Incorrect
behavioral perspective. (True Answer )Correct
psychodynamic perspective. Incorrect
1918
Tanya is a behavioral therapist who exposes bulimic patients to
situations that usually cause binge episodes and then prevents them
from binge eating. The technique that she is using is called:
skillful frustration. Incorrect
temptation-restriction. Incorrect
willpower reinforcement. Incorrect
exposure and response prevention. (True Answer )Correct
1919
A therapist who sat with the bulimic patient while the patient ate
appropriate quantities of forbidden foods, and then stayed until the
patient no longer had the urge to purge would be practicing:
exposure and response prevention. (True Answer )Correct
group insight-oriented therapy. Incorrect
correction and cognitive misperceptions. Incorrect
supportive nursing care. Incorrect
1920
One of the therapy methods commonly used to treat bulimia nervosa

is:
flooding. Incorrect
exposure and response therapy. (True Answer )Correct
aversive therapy. Incorrect
1921
The medication MOST helpful in the treatment of bulimia is an:
antianxiety drug. Incorrect
antidepressant drug. (True Answer )Correct
antipsychotic drug. Incorrect
antiemetic drug (to eliminate vomiting.) Incorrect
1922
Relapse for both bulimia and anorexia is MOST likely triggered by:
weight gain. Incorrect
life stresses. (True Answer )Correct
media exposure. Incorrect
medication withdrawal. Incorrect
1923
Relapses of bulimia are MOST likely to occur following:
exposure to other bulimics. Incorrect
life stresses. (True Answer )Correct
periods of stomach sickness. Incorrect
Christmas and other holidays. Incorrect
1924
A factor increasing the likelihood of a relapse of bulimia is:
length of time in treatment. Incorrect
age at onset of the disorder. Incorrect
age at which treatment is implemented. Incorrect
development of a pattern of frequent vomiting. (True Answer )
Correct
1925
One difference between the eating disorders and other disorders is:
the recovered person often misses his or her symptoms. (True
Answer )Correct
medication is ineffective as a treatment. Incorrect
the incidence of the disorder is rising. Incorrect
remission is rare. Incorrect
1567
Describe the four (4) kinds of people who end their lives, according to
Edwin Shneidman. Also, include an example of how each kind of
person may carry out his or her suicide.
1568
You are responsible for conducting a retrospective analysis of someone
who has committed suicide. Describe the method you would use and
the types of information you would try to gather. What are some
limitations of this type of analysis?
1569
You are asked to discuss the risks of suicide with a group of resident
assistants on a college campus. Discuss the five MOST important
points about suicide risk that you would want to make with them?
1570
Many suicide attempts are preceded by a change in mood. Explain two
(2) changes in mood that help explain shifts in patterns of thinking.
1571
Suicide appears to run in families. Why might this be the case? Be sure
to discuss biological, psychological, and sociocultural explanations.
1572
Describe the characteristics of children who are at risk for suicide.
Include the statistics related to children and suicide and gender
differences.
1573
Discuss three factors that make adolescents particularly at risk for
suicide. Also, discuss teen suicide attempts versus teen completed
suicides.
1574
Many factors contribute to the high suicide rate among the elderly.
Discuss the following factors: the overall factors that contribute to
suicide and the elderly, suicide among elderly Native Americans, and
suicide among elderly African Americans.
1575
You were asked to judge a debate on the right to commit suicide. What
are the three (3) MOST important points you would like for the
debaters to make on both sides of this question (pro and con)?
1576
The Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center has five goals for handling
each call they receive on their suicide hotline. List these goals and
then provide a response a counselor might make that would help
achieve each goal.
1577
According to Shneidman, people who have a clear intention of ending

their lives at the time they attempt suicide, and who are sufficiently
clear-minded and committed to performing the act, are called ______.
death seekers (True Answer )
*
1578
According to Shneidman, people who clearly intend to end their lives,
but act out of a conviction that the process is already under way and
that they are simply hastening the process, are called ______.
death initiators (True Answer )
*
1579
According to Shneidman, people who believe that their self-inflicted
deaths will not mean the end of their existence are called ______.
death ignorers (True Answer )
*
1580
A person who commits suicide but shows ambivalence in the act would
be classified as a ______ according to Shneidman.
death darer (True Answer )
*
1581
According to Shneidman, individuals who play an indirect, covert,
partial, or unconscious role in their own deaths may belong to the
category called ______.
subintentional death (True Answer )
*
1582
The piecing together of data from people's pasts to understand their
suicides is termed ______.
retrospective analysis (True Answer )
*
1583
The aspect of religion that is most highly related to suicide is ______.
devoutness (True Answer )
*
1584
When people feel that their present circumstances, problems, and
negative moods will not change, and this pessimistic belief contributes
to suicide, the belief is called a sense of ______.
hopelessness (True Answer )
*
1585
Cognitive theorists believe that suicide may be linked to ______, in
which people develop a pattern of viewing their problems and solutions
in either/or terms.
dichotomous thinking (True Answer )

*
1586
There is evidence that the likelihood of suicide goes up when a
celebrity commits suicide, the media focus on a particular case of
suicide, or a co-worker, friend, or family member commits suicide. This
form of suicide is often called ______.
social contagion effect (True Answer )
*
1587
According to the ______ view, suicide usually results from a state of
depression and a process of self-directed anger.
*
1588
Dr. Alberto focuses on social relationships and connections with other
people in understanding the suicide of an individual. Dr. Alberto seems
to accept a ______ position.
sociocultural (True Answer )
*
1589
Durkheim defined ______ suicides as those committed by people who
are not concerned with the norms or rules of society and who are not
integrated into the social fabric.
egoistic (True Answer )
*
1590
Darlene starves to death because she gives her meager amount of
food to her little sister. Durkheim would classify Darlene as an ______
suicide.
altruistic (True Answer )
*
1591
According to Durkheim, a person who commits suicide because his or
her social environment fails to provide stable structures to support and
give meaning to life has committed ______ suicide.
anomic (True Answer )
*
1592
Recent research on biological factors in suicide has linked it to low
levels of the neurotransmitter ______ in the brain.
serotonin (True Answer )
*
1593
The mediating factor between serotonin deficiency and suicide is

thought to be ______ tendencies, which have been linked to low levels
of serotonin, rather than to depression.
aggressive (True Answer )
*
1594
The age group most at risk for committing suicide in the United States
is ______.
middle-aged adults (True Answer )
*
1595
Over the past several decades, the suicide rate for children in the
United States has been ______.
rising (True Answer )
*
1596
Should drug companies put a warning about suicide risk on packaging
for antidepressant drugs? Those who try to answer this highly
debatable question are dealing with what is called a(n) ______.
black box controversy (True Answer )
*
1597
During the past 50 years the emphasis has shifted from suicide
treatment to ______
prevention or education (True Answer )
*
1598
Suicide prevention programs and hotlines respond to suicidal people
who are under stress, and unable to cope, and to help them to see
their situation more accurately. This type of program offers ______.
crisis intervention (True Answer )
*
1599
About how many suicides are committed annually in the United States?
15,000 Incorrect
36,000 (True Answer )Correct
120,000 Incorrect
700,000 Incorrect
1600
About how many deaths occur by suicide each year around the world?
10,000 Incorrect
30,000 Incorrect
500,000 Incorrect
1,000,000 (True Answer )Correct
1601
About how many suicides are attempted annually in the United States?
30,000 Incorrect
120,000 Incorrect
600,000 (True Answer )Correct
2 million Incorrect
1602
Compared to heart disease and cancer, suicide accounts for _____ in
the United States.
about the same number of deaths Incorrect
actually more deaths Incorrect
less than a tenth of the deaths (True Answer )Correct
less than 1 percent of the deaths Incorrect
1603
Estimates of the number of suicides that occur in the United States
probably underrepresent the total because of all of the following
EXCEPT:
It's hard to know for sure whether a death is a suicide or an
unintentional accident. Incorrect
Some families don't acknowledge suicide because of the stigma
associated with it. Incorrect
Parasuicides are often included in the number of suicides. (True
Answer )Correct
It's hard to know whether drug overdoses are accidental or not.
Incorrect
1604
Why do many people think that estimates of the rates of suicide are
inaccurate?
Insurance companies pay extra life insurance in cases of suicide.
Incorrect
Many reported suicides are probably really accidents. Incorrect
The stigma associated with suicide make people hesitate to report
it. (True Answer )Correct
Suicide is not a DSM-5 category. Incorrect
1605
What is a parasuicide?
a failed attempt to commit suicide (True Answer )Correct
a murder followed by a successful suicide Incorrect
a successfully committed suicide on the first try Incorrect
a successfully committed suicide after many tries Incorrect
1606
It is common that the majority of people who commit suicidal acts also
have another psychological disorder. Which would be the MOST
common disorder associated with suicidal attempts?
eating disorders Incorrect
dissociative disorders Incorrect
mood disorders (True Answer )Correct
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Incorrect
1607
In his definition of suicide, Edwin Schneidman includes all of the
following factors EXCEPT that it:
involves conscious effort. Incorrect
is self-inflicted. Incorrect
results from depression or emotional distress. (True Answer )Correct
involves direct effort. Incorrect
1608
Sylvia shot herself by placing the gun barrel in her mouth, in the
middle of a dense wood, where she knew she wouldn't be heard or
found. Sylvia is an example of what Edwin Shneidman refers to as a:
death seeker. (True Answer )Correct
death initiator. Incorrect
death ignorer. Incorrect
death darer. Incorrect
1609
The critical way in which the death seeker differs from the death darer,
according to Edwin Shneidman, is:
death seekers speed along a death sure to occur naturally. Incorrect
death seekers are ambivalent about their death. Incorrect
death seekers intend to end their lives with their action. (True
Answer )Correct
death seekers believe that death will not end their existence.
Incorrect
1610
Ambivalent about dying, Jay repeatedly played a dangerous game
involving gas and a cigarette lighter. Jay is an example of what Edwin
Shneidman refers to as a:
death seeker. Incorrect
death darer. (True Answer )Correct
1611
Cecil and Jeanne, teenagers, made a love pact, jumping from a cliff in
order to be with each other for eternity. Cecil and Jeanne are examples
of what Edwin Shneidman refers to as:
death seekers. Incorrect
death initiators. Incorrect
death ignorers. (True Answer )Correct
death darers. Incorrect
1612
According to Edwin Shneidman, people who commit suicide with clarity
and commitment, yet who believe that they are simply facilitating a
process that is already under way, are called:
death darers. Incorrect
death ignorers. Incorrect

death initiators. (True Answer )Correct
1613
Ernest Hemingway was a physically strong, proud man who developed
great concerns about his failing body. Depressed about his progressive
illness, he intentionally ended his life. Edwin Shneidman would term
Hemingway a:
death initiator. (True Answer )Correct
1614
What is the critical way in which death initiators differ from other
categories, according to Edwin Shneidman?
They employ more lethal means. Incorrect
They do not intend to end their lives with their action. Incorrect
They believe that death will not end their existence. Incorrect
They believe they are merely speeding up an ongoing process. (True
Answer )Correct
1615
According to Edwin Shneidman, how do death ignorers primarily differ
from other categories?
They employ more lethal means. Incorrect
They intend to end their lives with their action. Incorrect
They believe death will not end their existence. (True Answer )
Correct
They believe they are merely speeding up an ongoing process.
Incorrect
1616
Miguel lost all of his family when his village was bombed. He throws
himself off a cliff to die, in order to be reunited with them. Edwin
Shneidman would classify Miguel as a:
death ignorer. (True Answer )Correct
1617
According to Edwin Shneidman, people who are ambivalent about their
intent to die and whose actions leading to death do not guarantee
death (e.g., swimming in shark-infested waters) are called:
death darers. (True Answer )Correct
death ignorers. Incorrect
death initiators. Incorrect
1618
According to Edwin Shneidman, how do death darers primarily differ

from those in other categories?
They are ambivalent about their deaths. (True Answer )Correct
They intend to end their lives with their actions. Incorrect
They believe that death will not end their existence. Incorrect
They believe they are merely speeding up an ongoing process.
Incorrect
1619
Knowing she was terminally ill, Bonnie swallowed a handful of
barbiturates in order to save herself and her family from the final
painful months of life. Bonnie is an example of what Edwin Shneidman
refers to as a:
death initiator. (True Answer )Correct
1620
In some religious traditions, people whip themselves or force
themselves into uncomfortable physical positions as forms of repenting
for their own or others' sins. These self-injurious behaviors MOST
closely fit which of Edwin Shneidman's categories?
death darer Incorrect
subintentional death (True Answer )Correct
death initiator Incorrect
death ignorer Incorrect
1621
A teenager's hands and arms are covered with self-inflicted burns, and
the teenager seems almost addicted to this destructive behavior. The
self-inflicted burns would MOST likely be classified as:
self-injury, a variety of Edwin Shneidman's subintentional
death classification. (True Answer )Correct
self-injury, which is not a variety of Edwin Shneidman's
subintentional death classification. Incorrect
a variety of Edwin Shneidman's death darer classification.
Incorrect
a variety of Edwin Shneidman's death seeker classification.
Incorrect
1622
The behavior of those who engage in self-injurious behavior such as
cutting:
fits into the criteria for suicide behavior disorder. Incorrect
represents a clear effort to end one's life. Incorrect
may represent an unconscious attempt at suicide. (True Answer )
Correct
is relatively uncommon and declining in frequency. Incorrect
1623
Retrospective analysis of suicide typically would include:

interviews with the person who attempted suicide. Incorrect
interviews with people who know the person who attempted suicide.
Incorrect
interviews with people who knew the person who committed suicide.
suicide interventions with people acquainted with the person who
committed suicide, and who might attempt copycat suicides.
Incorrect
1624
Retrospective analysis involves:
interviewing those thought to be at high risk for suicide. Incorrect
developing a suicide profile, especially for mental patients and
prisoners. Incorrect
studying people who survive suicide attempts. Incorrect
gathering information about a suicide victim's past. (True Answer )
Correct
1625
Which of the following is the BEST example of retrospective analysis?
Researchers ask college students to write suicide notes in order to
study what they think is the motivation for suicide. Incorrect
Therapists who had patients who committed suicide are interviewed
to gain information on suicide. (True Answer )Correct
Adolescents at high risk for suicide are treated through a suicide
prevention center. Incorrect
Those who have made suicide attempts are part of a suicide
education program. Incorrect
1626
At the time of the suicide, a suicide victim was receiving
psychotherapy and had left a clear suicide note. This suicide victim is:
the most common kind; most suicide victims are in psychotherapy,
and they leave a suicide note. Incorrect
a somewhat uncommon kind; most suicide victims are in
psychotherapy, but they do not leave a suicide note. Incorrect
a somewhat uncommon kind; about half of suicide victims have
never received psychotherapy, but they do leave a suicide note.
Incorrect
the least common kind; about half of suicide victims have never
received psychotherapy, and they do not leave a suicide note. (True
Answer )Correct
1627
One of the factors that is believed to account for differences in the
suicide rates of different countries is:
climate. Incorrect
religious affiliation and beliefs. (True Answer )Correct
prevalence of mental disorders. Incorrect
governmental regulations regarding suicide. Incorrect

1628
Which of the following aspects of religion is MOST closely linked to
suicide?
doctrine Incorrect
fellowship Incorrect
devoutness (True Answer )Correct
denomination Incorrect
1629
Which of the following statements MOST accurately the relationship
between religion and suicide?
A country's economic status is a more important predictor of suicide
rates than its major religion. Incorrect
The degree of one's devoutness is a more important predictor of
suicide than one's specific religion. (True Answer )Correct
Countries that have high Jewish and Muslim populations
also have high suicide rates. Incorrect
Religion is a more important predictor of suicide risk for women than
it is for men, especially in Catholic countries. Incorrect
1630
Who of the following individuals has two positive risk factors for
suicide?
a devout woman Incorrect
a married man Incorrect
a divorced woman Incorrect
a man who is an atheist (True Answer )Correct
1631
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding gender and
suicide?
Women attempt suicide more often than men. Incorrect
Men use more lethal means to commit suicide than women.
Incorrect
Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men. (True
Answer )Correct
The elderly are more likely to commit suicide than children.
Incorrect
1632
What is the cause of death in the majority of male suicides in the
United States?
hanging Incorrect
car accidents Incorrect
drug overdose Incorrect
use of guns (True Answer )Correct
1633
Which of the following would be the MOST surprising example of

suicide because it does not fit into the pattern that current research
results have identified?
a woman who stabbed and then hanged herself (True Answer )
Correct
a woman who attempted suicide but did not succeed Incorrect
a man who shot himself Incorrect
a woman who killed herself with a drug overdose Incorrect
1634
Which of the following statements regarding suicide is TRUE?
Native Americans have the highest suicide rate of any racial group
in the United States. (True Answer )Correct
The suicide rate for whites in the United States is the same as that
for blacks. Incorrect
Married people are more likely to commit suicide than adults who
are single. Incorrect
Men are more likely to attempt suicide than women. Incorrect
1635
According to current estimates, the suicide rate is highest in the United
States among:
African Americans. Incorrect
Euro-Americans. Incorrect
Native Americans. (True Answer )Correct
Asian Americans. Incorrect
1636
If you wanted to tailor a suicide prevention program to the racial group
MOST at risk, of the following, you should target:
African Americans. Incorrect
Asian Americans. Incorrect
white Americans. (True Answer )Correct
Hispanic Americans. Incorrect
1637
Assume that a community is made up of almost exactly equal numbers
of these four groups: African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic
Americans, and white Americans, and that everyone is of the same
socioeconomic status. Approximately what percent of suicides would
you expect to be committed by white Americans?
5 percentwell below the rates for the other groups Incorrect
25 percentabout the same as the rates for the other groups
Incorrect
40 percentabout double the rates for the other groups (True
Answer )Correct
60 percentalmost four times the rates for the other groups
Incorrect
1638
In a community made up of equal numbers of African Americans, Asian

Americans, and Hispanic Americans, all of about the same
socioeconomic status, someone has just committed suicide. MOST
likely that person is:
Asian American. Incorrect
Hispanic American. Incorrect
about equally as likely to be African American, Asian
American, or Hispanic American. (True Answer )Correct
1639
How likely are women to use a gun to commit suicide?
Less than 5 percent of women who commit suicide use guns.
Incorrect
About 20 percent of women who commit suicide use guns. Incorrect
About 40 percent of women who commit suicide use guns. (True
Answer )Correct
Over 2/3 of women who commit suicide use guns. Incorrect
1640
Which of the following does NOT make one at higher risk for suicide?
experiencing mood and thought changes. Incorrect
learning about suicide in abnormal psychology. (True Answer )
Correct
having an alcohol abuse problem. Incorrect
experiencing uncontrollable and repeated stressful events. Incorrect
1641
Commonly observed triggers for suicide include all of the following
EXCEPT:
being in therapy. (True Answer )Correct
heavy alcohol use. Incorrect
modeling of someone who committed suicide. Incorrect
stressful life events. Incorrect
1642
Which of the following is TRUE regarding war veterans' risk of suicide
once they return home?
War vets are about twice as likely to commit suicide as similar
nonveterans. (True Answer )Correct
War vets are no more likely to commit suicide than similar
nonveterans. Incorrect
War vets are a little less likely to commit suicide than similar
nonveterans. Incorrect
Family members of war vets, not the vets themselves, are at a
higher suicide risk. Incorrect
1643
All of the following are examples of immediate stress EXCEPT:
loss of a loved one through death. Incorrect
natural disaster. Incorrect
loss of a job. Incorrect

serious illness. (True Answer )Correct
1644
Immediate stressors particularly common among those who attempt
suicide include all the following EXCEPT:
occupational stress. (True Answer )Correct
divorce. Incorrect
death of a loved one. Incorrect
stress from a flood. Incorrect
1645
Long-term stressors particularly common among those who attempt
suicide include all the following EXCEPT:
serious illness. Incorrect
occupational stress. Incorrect
divorce. (True Answer )Correct
an abusive environment. Incorrect
1646
Which of the following people would be at MOST risk of suicide?
someone who had been in poor health for years and is now terminal
someone who recently escaped from an abusive environment and is
enrolled in school Incorrect
someone who has had fewer than the average number of stressors
in life Incorrect
someone who is a devout Muslim Incorrect
1647
Which of the following occupations has a particularly high rate of
suicide?
used-car salespeople Incorrect
psychologists (True Answer )Correct
priests Incorrect
gourmet chefs Incorrect
1648
Which of the following BEST represents the concept of psychache?
uncertainty about what one should do for a career Incorrect
an unusual combination of depression and anxiety Incorrect
cognitive impairment similar to what is found in dementia Incorrect
intolerable emotional pain (True Answer )Correct
1649
A person who sees life in right or wrong, all or none terms is
engaging in:
hopelessness. Incorrect
dichotomous thinking. (True Answer )Correct
psychache. Incorrect
blaming. Incorrect
1650
The mood and thoughts of suicidal people are MOST often

characterized as:
anxious and irrational. Incorrect
angry and aggressive. Incorrect
sad and hopeless. (True Answer )Correct
tense and manic. Incorrect
1651
If you were assessing a person for suicide potential, which of the
following is MOST critical to notice since it is likely related to suicide
risk?
cognitive dissonance Incorrect
religious devoutness Incorrect
occupation Incorrect
feelings of hopelessness (True Answer )Correct
1652
An increase in which emotion is MOST often linked to suicide?
guilt Incorrect
anger Incorrect
anxiety Incorrect
sadness (True Answer )Correct
1653
Which of the following is the BEST example of dichotomous thinking?
One person might be stressed by an event that wouldn't bother
another person. Incorrect
You have your opinion about suicide and I have mine. Incorrect
There are lots of factors that put someone at risk for suicide, not just
one. Incorrect
There's only one thing to do and nothing else matters. (True
Answer )Correct
1654
A friend of yours wants certain heavy metal songs banned because,
your friend says, listening to them will encourage suicidal tendencies.
Your BEST reply, based on research, would be:
You're right; experts and the courts agree about the potential
danger. Incorrect
It depends; experts agree with you, although the courts have not
found musicians liable. Incorrect
It depends; experts don't agree with you, although the courts have
found musicians liable. Incorrect
It probably won't work; experts don't agree with you, and the
courts have not found musicians liable. (True Answer )Correct
1655
Based on the available research, we can conclude that:
listening to particular kinds of music can trigger suicide. Incorrect
failed suicide attempts may trigger listening to particular kinds of
music. Incorrect
teenagers are usually listening to particular kinds of music when

they commit suicide. Incorrect
sometimes listening to particular kinds of music is related to suicide
attempts. (True Answer )Correct
1656
The current rating system for CD and music download lyrics was
instituted:
decades before people became concerned about links between
listening to music and suicide attempts. Incorrect
shortly before people became concerned about links between
listening to music and suicide attempts. Incorrect
coincidentally at about the same time people became concerned
about links between listening to music and suicide attempts. Incorrect
in part to address people's concerns about links between listening to
music and suicide attempts. (True Answer )Correct
1657
About what percentage of people who commit suicide use alcohol just
prior to the act?
1658
Of people who use alcohol just prior to committing suicide, what
percentage are actually intoxicated?
1659
Which is TRUE about alcohol use and suicide?
Most people who attempt suicide drink alcohol just before the act.
Incorrect
About one-fourth of people who commit suicide are legally drunk.
Incorrect
Alcohol impairs judgment and lowers inhibitions. Incorrect
1660
Which one of the following is the MOST likely reason for the
relationship between alcohol use and suicide?
There is a chemical in alcohol that triggers a suicide response in the
brain. Incorrect
Alcohol is less well metabolized by those who are depressed.
Incorrect
Alcohol lowers inhibitions and impairs judgment. (True Answer )
Correct
Pound for pound, women get drunk on less alcohol than men.
Incorrect
1661
Which mental disorders have been found to contribute to the greatest
number of suicides?
mood disorders (True Answer )Correct
sexual disorders Incorrect
personality disorders Incorrect
psychophysiological disorders Incorrect
1662
Who of the following is MOST at risk for suicide?
one with a panic or other anxiety disorder Incorrect
one who is depressed and dependent on alcohol (True Answer )
Correct
one who is schizophrenic and developmentally disabled Incorrect
one without a diagnosable mental disorder Incorrect
1663
Of the following alternatives, the LEAST common predictor of suicide is:
physical illness. (True Answer )Correct
hopelessness or cognitive rigidity. Incorrect
1664
Although all of the following mental disorders are of concern for
increased suicide risk, the LEAST likely to be linked to suicide is:
posttraumatic stress disorder. (True Answer )Correct
1665
Why is there such a strong connection between alcohol abuse and
suicide risk? asks a friend of yours. Based on the best available
research, you reply,
Being trapped in substance abuse leads to suicidal ideation.
Incorrect
No one really knows for sure. (True Answer )Correct
Actually, being suicidal most often leads to alcohol abuse, and not
the other way around. Incorrect
Actually, the connection is weak, at best. Incorrect
1666
A clinically depressed individual who has been threatening suicide
finally shows diminishing of depressive symptoms. This person's risk of
committing suicide:
has increased dramatically; almost no one who is depressed
commits suicide until she or he is recovering. Incorrect
may have increased, since the person may have the energy to act
on the suicidal impulse. (True Answer )Correct
probably has decreased, although a slight risk remains. Incorrect
has decreased substantially; almost no one who is depressed
commits suicide once recovery from depression is under way. Incorrect
1667
Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia are in
response to:
voices commanding them to kill themselves. Incorrect
feelings of demoralization. (True Answer )Correct
overdoses of antipsychotic drugs. Incorrect
a feeling of invincibility. Incorrect
1668
Which of the following is TRUE?
Suicide kills more marines than combat. Incorrect
Combat is not any more stressful than non-combat military service.
Drinking alcohol mellows people, making it less likely that they will
commit suicide. Incorrect
Most suicide attempters also have another psychological disorder.
Incorrect
1669
When a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity's suicide
or a case that has been highly publicized by the media, behavioral
theorists believe it is attributable to:
modeling. (True Answer )Correct
helplessness. Incorrect
folie deux Incorrect
hopelessness. Incorrect
1670
Assume that a recent local suicide attempt was clearly a case of
modeling. The person who would MOST likely model another's suicide
would be a(n):
preteen. Incorrect
teenager. (True Answer )Correct
adult in his or her 30s. Incorrect
adult in his or her 50s. Incorrect
1671
How can we reduce suicide risk for our kids? asks the high school
counselor, the day after one of the school's star athletes commits
suicide. Your BEST answer, based on research, is:
Postvention often helps. (True Answer )Correct
There really is little you can do, other than watch the students
carefully. Incorrect
Close the school for a week, and let the students' parents help
them deal with the loss. Incorrect
Reverse modeling works best. Incorrect

1672
As a political protest, two activists leap from a bridge in a highly
publicized double suicide. Those MOST at risk for modeling these
suicides are:
people with similar political points of view. Incorrect
people with the opposite political point of view. Incorrect
people in an unstable relationship with a significant
other. Incorrect
people with a history of emotional problems. (True Answer )Correct
1673
Media coverage that included the Don't do it message, phone
numbers for suicide prevention centers, and interviews with suicide
experts, occurred after the suicide of:
Marilyn Monroe. Incorrect
members of the Jonestown community. Incorrect
James Dean. Incorrect
Kurt Cobain. (True Answer )Correct
1674
All of the following would contribute to the social contagion effect
EXCEPT:
the suicide of a celebrity. (True Answer )Correct
the suicide of a family member. Incorrect
the suicide of a friend. Incorrect
the suicide of a spouse. Incorrect
1675
Which of the following is the BEST example of the social contagion
effect?
If you had a close relative or friend who committed suicide, your risk
of committing suicide is greater. (True Answer )Correct
The suicide of a family member is extremely stressful to others in
the family. Incorrect
The suicide of a close family member or friend can have a life-long
impact on a person. Incorrect
Celebrity suicides do not have as great an impact on individuals as
the suicide of a close family member. Incorrect
1676
Suicides that are carried out in bizarre ways for political reasons are
MOST likely to trigger:
those with emotional problems to commit suicide in the same
manner. (True Answer )Correct
those with similar political views to commit suicide, but in a different
manner. Incorrect
no particular increase in suicides. Incorrect
a decrease in suicides, because of close media attention to the
bizarre aspects of the act. Incorrect
1677
If a student at your school commits suicide, the staff might offer
counseling sessions for the other students. If so, the staff is engaging
in:
postvention. (True Answer )Correct
destigmatization. Incorrect
substance abuse prevention. Incorrect
1678
How can we reduce suicide risk for our kids?, asks the high school
counselor, the day after one of the school's star athletes commits
suicide. Your BEST answer, based on research, is:
Postvention often helps. (True Answer )Correct
There's really little you can do, other than watch the students
carefully. Incorrect
Close the school for a week, and let the students' parents help
them deal with the loss. Incorrect
Reverse modeling works best. Incorrect
1679
The leading theories designed to explain suicide:
are supported by a significant body of research. Incorrect
address the full range of suicide acts. Incorrect
satisfactorily explain suicidal behavior in the elderly but not the
young. Incorrect
are not supported by a significant body of research. (True Answer )
Correct
1680
The explanation of suicide as due to loss of loved ones and selfdirected aggression is consistent with which theoretical perspective?
cognitive Incorrect
humanist Incorrect
1681
Research supporting a Freudian view of suicide has shown that later
suicidal behavior is related to:
real, but not symbolic, losses in childhood. Incorrect
symbolic, but not real, losses in childhood. Incorrect
both real and symbolic losses in childhood. (True Answer )Correct
neither real nor symbolic losses in childhood. Incorrect
1682
You must redirect your Thanatos, is a remark MOST likely made by a
therapist with what theoretical point of view?
1683
If the psychodynamic explanation for suicide is correct, then suicide
rates should:
increase in a nation which is at war. Incorrect
be higher in nations with low murder rates. (True Answer )Correct
be lower in those who experienced symbolic loss as children.
Incorrect
be lower in those who experienced actual (real) loss as children.
Incorrect
1684
The fact that very angry people are not significantly more suicidal than
other people argues MOST strongly against which explanation for
suicide?
modeling Incorrect
1685
Emile Durkheim's theory of suicide fits into the:
cognitive model. Incorrect
biological model. Incorrect
sociocultural model. (True Answer )Correct
psychodynamic model. Incorrect
1686
According to Emile Durkheim, suicides by people over whom society
has little or no control and who are not concerned with the norms and
rules of society are called:
anomic suicides. Incorrect
egoistic suicides. (True Answer )Correct
imitative suicides. Incorrect
altruistic suicides. Incorrect
1687
A society that loses its basic family and religious core values,
experiences large-scale immigration of people with very different
values, and fails to provide meaning for the life of its people is in
danger of an increase in what Durkheim calls:
egoistic suicide. Incorrect
altruistic suicide. Incorrect
anomic suicide. (True Answer )Correct
intragroup suicide. Incorrect
1688
A society that honors those who kill themselves to defend their families
or country, or because of a value they hold dear, would have a higher
rate of what Durkheim calls:
altruistic suicide. (True Answer )Correct

anomic suicide. Incorrect
intragroup suicide. Incorrect
1689
Juan is an atheist, does what he wants, and is alienated from others.
He feels life isn't worth living and kills himself. According to Emile
Durkheim, he would be classified as an:
egoistic suicide. (True Answer )Correct
imitative suicide. Incorrect
altruistic suicide. Incorrect
1690
According to Emile Durkheim, suicides by people who give up their
lives so another person they love may live would be classified as:
anomic suicides. Incorrect
egoistic suicides. Incorrect
imitative suicides. Incorrect
altruistic suicides. (True Answer )Correct
1691
Carlos died by intentionally stepping in front of a bullet that was
intended for another young man, for whom Carlos, as head of a
platoon of soldiers in the Persian Gulf War, was responsible. Emile
Durkheim would call this an example of:
imitative suicide. Incorrect
altruistic suicide. (True Answer )Correct
1692
Altruistic suicide is MOST likely to occur in a country that:
is experiencing great upheaval, disruption of values, and
immigration. Incorrect
honors those who kill themselves for a higher good. (True Answer )
Correct
has a number of ethnic minorities who are very religious. Incorrect
has a high level of substance abuse. Incorrect
1693
A young man whose father and uncle committed suicide at about his
age also commits suicide. Which explanation of suicide MOST easily
explains the young man's suicide?
immediate trigger Incorrect
1694
Biological researchers have found a link between suicide and:
low activity levels of serotonin. (True Answer )Correct
high activity levels of serotonin dopamine. Incorrect

high levels of 5-hydroxyindoleactic acid. Incorrect
elevated number of serotonin receptor sites. Incorrect
1695
The strongest direct support for a biological explanation for suicide
comes from:
studies linking specific genetic mutations to suicidal tendencies.
Incorrect
studies of neurotransmitter levels. (True Answer )Correct
family pedigree studies. Incorrect
a Danish study of identical twins. Incorrect
1696
If a biological explanation for suicide is valid, then doing which of the
following ought to lower the possibility of a person attempting suicide?
removing the person from contact with a suicidal biological parent
Incorrect
removing the person from contact with a suicidal adoptive parent
Incorrect
gene-splicing to remove the suicide gene Incorrect
raising the person's serotonin level (True Answer )Correct
1697
Biological researchers have found a link between suicide and:
high levels of serotonin. Incorrect
high levels of serotonin dopamine. Incorrect
high levels of 5-hydroxyindoleactic acid. Incorrect
low levels of serotonin. (True Answer )Correct
1698
In research on the relationship between serotonin and suicide,
serotonin seems MOST related to:
aggression. (True Answer )Correct
introversion. Incorrect
selfishness. Incorrect
shame. Incorrect
1699
Of the following individuals, the one MOST likely to commit suicide
would be a:
10-year-old with high serotonin activity. Incorrect
10-year-old with low serotonin activity. Incorrect
40-year-old with high serotonin activity. Incorrect
40-year-old with low serotonin activity. (True Answer )Correct
1700
Which statement BEST reflects the relationship between serotonin and
suicide?
Low levels of serotonin are related to high levels of aggression and
impulsivity. (True Answer )Correct
High levels of serotonin are related to high levels of aggression and

impulsivity. Incorrect
Serotonin makes people more likely to abuse substances, increasing
the likelihood of their committing suicide. Incorrect
Suicide attempts increase the level of serotonin in the brain, making
suicide more likely. Incorrect
1701
Based on the evidence about suicide rates, which of the following
intervention strategies should prevent the MOST suicides?
intervention focused on middle-aged adultsthey have a fairly high
suicide rate, and it is rising relatively rapidly (True Answer )Correct
intervention focused on childrenthey have a relatively low suicide
rate, but it is rising extremely rapidly Incorrect
intervention focused on those over 75they make far more suicide
attempts than other age groups, although they have a low suicide rate
Incorrect
intervention focused on teenagersthey have the highest suicide
attempt and suicide completion rates of any age group Incorrect
1702
The age group LEAST likely to commit suicide in the United States is:
children. (True Answer )Correct
young adults. Incorrect
the elderly. Incorrect
1703
You are asked to speak before a local elementary school's Parent
Teacher Association (PTA) about suicide attempts by the very young.
You should be sure to mention that suicide attempts by the very young
often occur when they have:
shown a sudden drop in interest in death in general. Incorrect
run away from home. (True Answer )Correct
experienced the birth of a sibling. Incorrect
begun to ignore criticism from others. Incorrect
1704
The typical child who commits suicide is a:
boy who understands what death really is. (True Answer )Correct
girl who understands what death really is. Incorrect
boy who does not understand what death really is. Incorrect
girl who does not understand what death really is. Incorrect
1705
Which of the following would you be MOST surprised to learn had
committed suicide because his or her action is inconsistent with
research results of studies of child suicide?
a child who had previously run away and tried to take an overdose.
Incorrect
a child who had experienced family stressloss of a loved one,

parental unemployment, abuse. Incorrect
a child who had no understanding of death. (True Answer )Correct
a child who was especially withdrawn and lonely. Incorrect
1706
Adolescent suicides differ from suicides at other age levels in all of the
following ways EXCEPT that:
in addition to depression, many also experience anger and
impulsiveness. Incorrect
many experience significant loss before the suicide. (True Answer )
Correct
suicides may be triggered by more immediate stress, especially at
school. Incorrect
adolescents may be more suggestible and eager to imitate others.
Incorrect
1707
Which of the following represents the greatest risk of death to
teenagers; in order from least concern to most concern?
drug overdose, cancer, suicide Incorrect
accidents, homicide, suicide (True Answer )Correct
suicide, drug overdoses, accidents Incorrect
homicide, suicide, cancer Incorrect
1708
Teenagers are different from people older than them who commit
suicide because teenagers are:
more likely to be depressed. Incorrect
more impulsive and have poorer problem-solving skills. (True
Answer )Correct
more likely to have feelings of hopelessness. Incorrect
more prone to homicide than suicide. Incorrect
1709
The finding that more than 90 percent of adolescents who attempt
suicide know someone who has attempted suicide provides a case for
what process in suicidal actions?
modeling (True Answer )Correct
reinforcement Incorrect
unconscious conflicts Incorrect
maladaptive thinking Incorrect
1710
Among teenagers who attempt suicide:
about 3 percent succeed the first time, and about half will try again.
Incorrect
about 3 percent succeed the first time, and about 10 percent will try
again. Incorrect
less than 1 percent succeed the first time, and about half will try
again. (True Answer )Correct
less than 1 percent succeed the first time, and about 10 percent will
try again. Incorrect
1711
A U.S. teenager has just attempted suicide. MOST likely, the teenager
has:
not succeeded, and almost certainly will never attempt suicide
again. Incorrect
not succeeded, but may try again. (True Answer )Correct
not succeeded, and almost certainly will attempt suicide again.
Incorrect
succeeded. Incorrect
1712
Which of the following BEST supports the idea that teenagers who
attempt suicide are more uncertain about killing themselves than
elderly people are?
Teenagers have the opportunity for many more attempts than
elderly people do. Incorrect
Teenagers succeed at suicide only in about 1 in 200 attempts. (True
Answer )Correct
Teenagers have far greater access to pro-suicide websites. Incorrect
The media is much more likely to cover teen suicides than those of
elderly people. Incorrect
1713
All of the following have been linked to increased suicide risk among
teenagers, EXCEPT:
intense competition for jobs and positions in college. Incorrect
weakening family ties, and resulting alienation. Incorrect
access to pro-suicide sites on the Internet. (True Answer )Correct
easy access to drugs and alcohol, and pressure to use those
substances. Incorrect
1714
Which of the following is TRUE?
More teenagers than people at any other age group commit suicide.
Incorrect
Suicide is the leading cause of death among teenagers. Incorrect
African American teenage boys commit suicide at a higher rate than
European American boys. Incorrect
More teenagers attempt suicide than actually kill themselves. (True
Answer )Correct
1715
A developing body of research shows that antidepressant use in
children and adolescents:
substantially increases overall suicide risk. Incorrect
increases suicide risk for some individuals, but decreases the overall
suicide risk. (True Answer )Correct
decreases suicide risk for some individuals, but increases the overall
suicide risk. Incorrect
does not lower suicide risk, as it does for adults. Incorrect
1716
Research prompted by the black box controversy about using
second-generation antidepressants with younger patients shows that
taking second-generation antidepressants:
decreases younger patient suicide rates. Incorrect
decreases younger patient suicide rates overall, although some
individuals are more likely to commit suicide. (True Answer )Correct
increases younger patient suicide rates overall, although some
individuals are less likely to commit suicide. Incorrect
has no predictable effect on suicide rates in younger patients.
Incorrect
1717
Over the past couple of decades, the correlation between number of
antidepressant prescriptions and younger patient suicide rates has
been:
nonexistent. Incorrect
positive; as the number of antidepressant prescriptions increases, so
does the younger patient suicide rate. Incorrect
negative; as the number of antidepressant prescriptions increases,
the younger patient suicide rate decreases. (True Answer )Correct
first negative (in the 1990s), then positive (in the twenty-first
century). Incorrect
1718
Cluster suicides may involve high suicide rates among those:
visiting pro-suicide sites on the Internet. Incorrect
who have a particular recessive gene combination. Incorrect
who gather on high-stress occasions, such as funerals or court trials.
Incorrect
living on certain Native-American reservations. (True Answer )
Correct
1719
For teenagers, the highest suicide rates are found among:
white Americans and American Indians. (True Answer )Correct
American Indians and African Americans. Incorrect
African Americans and Hispanic Americans. Incorrect
white Americans and Hispanic Americans. Incorrect
1720
The age group MOST likely to commit suicide in the United States is:
children. Incorrect
young adults. Incorrect
the elderly. (True Answer )Correct
1721
The percentage of successful suicide attempts among the elderly is

about:
equal to the percentage of successful suicide attempts among
twice as high as the percentage of successful suicide attempts
among adolescents. Incorrect
10 times as high as the percentage of successful suicide attempts
among adolescents. Incorrect
50 times as high as the percentage of successful suicide attempts
among adolescents. (True Answer )Correct
1722
Today, the elderly make up about 12 percent of the population of the
United States. The percentage of suicides committed by the elderly in
the United States is:
well below 12 percent, a rate lower than all other age groups.
Incorrect
a bit below 12 percent, a rate lower than most other age groups.
Incorrect
almost exactly 12 percent, a rate about the same as most other age
groups. Incorrect
well above 12 percent, a rate higher than most other age groups.
1723
A couple has been married for almost 50 years, then one of them dies.
The probability that the surviving spouse will commit suicide:
is much higher than normal. (True Answer )Correct
is a little higher than normal, but drops to normal levels within about
six months. Incorrect
doesn't change much at all. Incorrect
drops substantially, especially if the couple had been having marital
difficulties. Incorrect
1724
All of the following factors contribute to the high suicide rate among
the elderly EXCEPT:
loss of close friends and relatives Incorrect
geographical location (True Answer )Correct
loss of status Incorrect
feelings that they are burdensome to others. Incorrect
1725
The spouse of an elderly individual in the United States has recently
died; the individual was experiencing clinical depression before the
spouse's death. The suicide risk for this individual is:
moderately highdeath of a spouse, but not depression, is related
to an elevated suicide risk. Incorrect
very highboth death of a spouse and depression are related to an
elevated suicide risk. (True Answer )Correct
moderately highdepression, but not death of a spouse, is related

to an elevated suicide risk. Incorrect
normalsuicide risk among the elderly is largely independent of
these factors. Incorrect
1726
Why might the suicide rate among elderly Native Americans be low?
religious fervor Incorrect
overcoming the rage of youth Incorrect
the value the culture places on the elderly (True Answer )Correct
This group overall has a very low suicide rate compared to whites.
Incorrect
1727
In 1997, Oregon passed the Death with Dignity Act, which allows
doctor-assisted suicide for persons with terminal illnesses. Since 1997,
on average, how many Oregonians with terminal illness have ended
their lives each year?
a few Incorrect
a few dozen (True Answer )Correct
a few hundred Incorrect
a few thousand Incorrect
1728
A friend of yours says, Yes, I support the right of people to commit
suicide, especially if they are in a lot of pain, or don't have long to
live. In the United States, your friend's opinion is:
very uncommon; over 75 percent of all Americans oppose the right
to commit suicide under any circumstances. Incorrect
somewhat uncommon; slightly under half of all Americans oppose
the right to commit suicide under any circumstances. Incorrect
common; over two-thirds of all Americans support the right to
commit suicide under those circumstances. (True Answer )Correct
almost universal; virtually all Americans support the right to commit
suicide under those circumstances. Incorrect
1729
Some believe that allowing terminally ill elderly people to legally
commit suicide will lead to a perceived duty to die, involving:
elderly people committing suicide because they think they should.
family members of the terminally ill becoming increasingly involved
in the suicide process. Incorrect
subtle pressure on people to sign contracts saying they will commit
suicide under certain conditions. Incorrect
younger and younger people wanting the right to commit suicide
legally. Incorrect
1730
What works best to keep suicidal people from following through?

asks a friend. Which of the following would be the correct answer to
this question?
There are very good drugs one could use. Incorrect
All therapies are about equally effective. Incorrect
Try cognitive-behavioral therapy. (True Answer )Correct
Actually, no therapy works very well. Incorrect
1731
Treatment for suicide attempters:
appears not to be effective. Incorrect
typically involves medical and psychological care. (True Answer )
Correct
is provided in about 90 percent of the cases. Incorrect
shows that the cognitive group method is most successful. Incorrect
1732
Suicide prevention programs:
involve the use of paraprofessionals. Incorrect
offer crisis interventions. (True Answer )Correct
are often found in emergency rooms as well as clinics. Incorrect
include paraprofessionals, and crisis interventions, and are found in
emergency rooms and clinics. Incorrect
1733
Suicide prevention centers:
are run on the AA model, using suicide survivors. Incorrect
are hospitals for those who have attempted suicide. Incorrect
may deliver services over the phone using paraprofessionals. (True
Answer )Correct
are declining in number in the United States. Incorrect
1734
At a suicide prevention center, you hear the following from the
counselor. Hello. I am interested in you as a person and am going to
stay on the phone with you as long as you want, all night maybe.
Which goals and techniques of suicide prevention does this statement
represent?
formulating a plan Incorrect
assessing suicide potential Incorrect
understanding and clarifying the problem Incorrect
establishing a positive relationship (True Answer )Correct
1735
counselor. Can you tell me what you think are the most important
factors that are making you feel hopeless right now? If you could
change three things about your life, what would they be? Which of the
goals and techniques of suicide prevention do these questions BEST
represent?

understanding and clarifying the problem (True Answer )Correct
assessing and mobilizing the caller's resources Incorrect
1736
counselor. Do you have a gun? Is it loaded and do you know how to
use it? Which one of the goals and techniques of suicide prevention
do these questions BEST represent?
assessing suicide potential (True Answer )Correct
establishing a positive relationship Incorrect
1737
counselor. Have you ever tried to commit suicide in the past? [If yes]
How did you try to do it? Which one of the goals and techniques of
suicide prevention do these questions BEST represent?
assessing suicide potential (True Answer )Correct
1738
When answering the telephone of a suicide hot line, the first step for
the counselor is to:
formulate a plan. Incorrect
establish a positive relationship. (True Answer )Correct
understand and clarify the problem. Incorrect
assess the caller's suicide potential. Incorrect
1739
counselor. Who can you think of who might be able to come over and
stay with you for a few hours? Which of the goals and techniques of
suicide prevention does the quote best represent?
assessing and mobilizing the caller's resources (True Answer )
Correct
1740
counselor. Will you promise me that you will call again if you ever feel
like killing yourself again? Which one of the goals and techniques of
suicide prevention does this question BEST represent?
formulating a plan (True Answer )Correct

1741
When talking with a potentially suicidal individual on a suicide hot line,
the final step for the counselor is to:
formulate a plan. (True Answer )Correct
establish a positive relationship. Incorrect
understand and clarify the problem. Incorrect
assess the caller's suicide potential. Incorrect
1742
Reports indicate that if someone is a member of an online
community and threatens to commit suicide online, the other
members of the online community will:
immediately contact 911 services, and try to talk the person out of
the suicide attempt. Incorrect
act as though they are watching a TV drama, and urge the person to
follow through with the suicide. Incorrect
ignore the person threatening suicide, directing the online chat to
other topics. Incorrect
respond in many different ways, including urging the person to
commit suicide and contacting 911 services. (True Answer )Correct
1743
A typical caller to an urban suicide prevention center is:
elderly, male, white. Incorrect
elderly, female, white. Incorrect
young, male, African American. Incorrect
young, female, African American. (True Answer )Correct
1744
One study showed that about what percentage of high-risk suicidal
people who contact a suicide crisis hot line later commit suicide?
1745
Which statement about the successes of suicide prevention programs
is most accurate?
People at greatest risk for suicide are most likely to call prevention
centers. Incorrect
Of those who call, fewer commit suicide than those who don't call
who are in a similar risk group. (True Answer )Correct
Suicide rates are consistently lower in communities that have
centers. Incorrect
People thinking of suicide know about and readily call centers.
Incorrect
1746
Suicide education programs typically focus on:
those who have previously attempted suicide. Incorrect

clergy who are often contacted by suicidal people. Incorrect
students and teachers. (True Answer )Correct
high-risk people who call hot lines. Incorrect
1747
The MOST well-developed understanding of the causes of suicide come
from the:
biological model. Incorrect
psychoanalytic model. Incorrect
behavioral model. Incorrect
1748
The MOST helpful explanation for suicide, particularly regarding the
general background factors and triggers of suicides, come from the:
1402
Write a one-paragraph treatment summary that reflects the
psychodynamic understanding of depression. Be sure to include
common causation factors, treatment techniques, and evidence of
improvement.
1403
List and provide examples of the three parts of Peter Lewinsohn's
behavior therapy for depression.
1404
Identify the parts of the cognitive triad and provide an example of each
part.
1405
During therapy, a high school girl says to her therapist, I can't stand
that I don't have a date for the prom. Write a half-page dialogue
between the girl and the therapist that illustrates cognitive principles
of therapy. In parentheses, indicate what cognitive principles the
therapist's statements reflect.
1406
Discuss the four-phase treatment approach that is used in cognitivebehavioral therapy in treating depression.
1407
Interpersonal therapists believe that any of four interpersonal problem

areas can lead to depression and must be addressed in therapy. Briefly
describe each of these areas and provide an example of each.
1408
Discuss the history of the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). What
observation led to its development as a treatment? How has its use
evolved over the years?
1409
Suppose you were going to give a presentation on electroconvulsive
therapy (ECT). What are the four (4) most important points you would
make to a group of people considering approving the use of
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for one of their family members?
1410
The physician of one of your friends has prescribed a tricyclic to treat
her depression, but your friend is hesitating to take the medication.
How would you help her make this decision? That is, what are the
advantages and disadvantages of using tricyclics? When are they
MOST effective?
1411
One of the difficulties with the use of lithium to treat bipolar disorder is
that patients often stop taking the medication. Discuss three (3)
reasons a person who is experiencing bipolar disorder would stop
taking this highly effective medication, and what a therapist might do
to improve treatment compliance.
1412
Discuss the scientifically valid conclusions about the MOST effective
treatments for depression.
1413
According to psychoanalytic theory, depression is in part caused by the
patient's _____ on others.
dependence (True Answer )
*
1414
An example of a basic psychodynamic procedure is ______.
dream interpretation or free association or resistance or
transference (True Answer )
*
1415
Determining what a patient truly likes to do is part of a therapy for
depression based on ______ principles.
behavioral (True Answer )

*
1416
The therapeutic term for ignoring depressive behavior while reinforcing
nondepressive behaviors is ______.
contingency management (True Answer )
*
1417
Aaron Beck has argued that a person suffering from unipolar
depression must correct a group of cognitive errors, generally known
as _______.
the cognitive triad (True Answer )
*
1418
Margarette is not getting what she expected out of her new marriage.
Her husband is demanding but often absent. This situation is leading to
depression for her. This is what interpersonal psychotherapists call a(n)
______.
interpersonal role transition (True Answer )
*
1419
One concern about the use of ECT is that it may lead to problems with
______.
memory or neurological damage (True Answer )
*
1420
Another name for dietary supplements taken as drugs is ______.
nutraceuticals (True Answer )
*
1421
ECT causes a(n) ______ that activates many brain areas and releases
neurotransmitters.
brain seizure (True Answer )
*
1422
The type of antidepressant drug that works by interfering with the
enzyme that normally destroys norepinephrine is a(n) ______.
monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO) (True Answer )
*
1423
People being treated for depression with MAO inhibitors should avoid
foods containing ______.
tyramine (True Answer )
*
1424
The antidepressant drugs that apparently work by stopping the

breakdown of norepinephrine, and that may require the taker to
change eating habits, are called ______
MAO inhibitors (True Answer )
*
1425
Matthew is taking imipramine. He is probably being treated for ______.
depression (True Answer )
*
1426
The drug imipramine is a(n) ______.
tricyclic antidepressant (True Answer )
*
1427
Desyrel, Prozac, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate are all trade names of
drugs that reduce ______.
*
1428
Amoxapine, fluoxetine, clomipramine, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine
are all generic names of drugs that reduce ______.
*
1429
Antidepressant drugs that reduce depression by acting on
neurotransmitter reuptake mechanisms are called ______.
tricyclics (True Answer )
*
1430
Antidepressant drugs that target only one neurotransmitter are called
______.
SSRIs or second-generation antidepressants (True Answer )
*
1431
SSRI's increase ______ activity in the synapse.
*
1432
Antidepressant drugs that target only one neurotransmitter are called
______.
SSRIs or second-generation antidepressants (True Answer )
*
1433
A person taking antidepressant medication reports a dramatic
decrease in sex drive, and is gaining weight. MOST likely, that person is
taking one of a group of drugs called ______.
second-generation antidepressants, SSRIs (True Answer )

*
1434
Sending a stimulating current through a patient's prefrontal cortex,
which substantially reduces the patient's symptoms of depression, is
called ______.
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (True Answer )
*
1435
The MOST effective drug for the treatment of bipolar disorders is
______.
lithium (True Answer )
*
1436
Bipolar disorders respond better to a combination of lithium treatment
and psychotherapy than to either therapy alone. The psychotherapy
component of this combination is called ______.
adjunctive psychotherapy (True Answer )
*
1437
About what percentage of clients with unipolar depression receive
treatment from a mental health professional each year?
almost all Incorrect
1438
A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers
that as a small child her patient had been left alone by her mother on
several occasions, and concludes that the patient is experiencing
unipolar depression. The therapist is
MOST likely from which orientation?
cognitive Incorrect
humanistic Incorrect
1439
Which of the following is an example of an aspect of psychodynamic
therapy for depression?
A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in
her past. (True Answer )Correct
Every time the client says anything a little positive to his therapist,
the therapist smiles. Incorrect
The therapist questions a client about the frequency and nature of
her daily activities, including those that give her pleasure. Incorrect
The therapist attacks the irrationality of a client's beliefs about

himself. Incorrect
1440
Which of the following statements about psychodynamic therapy in
treating unipolar depression is MOST accurate?
Carefully controlled, multiple-participant studies validate the
success of this therapy. Incorrect
Not even case studies support the effectiveness of this therapy.
Incorrect
Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar
depression. (True Answer )Correct
Short-term therapy is less effective than long-term therapy.
Incorrect
1441
If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested
interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or
imagined losses, your therapist would be using:
psychodynamic therapy. (True Answer )Correct
cognitive therapy. Incorrect
sociocultural therapy. Incorrect
1442
What do psychodynamic therapists believe is the cause of unipolar
depression?
repression of feelings of inadequacy Incorrect
a biological imbalance in neurotransmitters Incorrect
unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss (True Answer )
Correct
projection of internal anxiety onto a loved object Incorrect
1443
The best evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic
approach comes from:
work with seriously depressed people. Incorrect
case study reports. (True Answer )Correct
large-scale research projects conducted by the APA. Incorrect
situations when the childhood loss is less obvious. Incorrect
1444
Free association, interpretation of associations, and dream
interpretation are all techniques used primarily by:
interpersonal therapists. Incorrect
cognitive therapists. Incorrect
couples therapists. Incorrect
psychodynamic therapists. (True Answer )Correct
1445
Among the reasons cited for so many college students experiencing
emotional problems are all of the following EXCEPT:
a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors. (True

Answer )Correct
burnout from the competitive admissions process. Incorrect
excessive pressure to do well and get into a top college. Incorrect
psychiatric medication that allows more students with serious
problems to go to college. Incorrect
1446
If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities,
reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your
therapist would be using:
behavioral therapy. (True Answer )Correct
1447
Increasing pleasant activities is MOST likely to be a part of a _______
therapy program.
cognitive Incorrect
interpersonal Incorrect
psychoanalytic Incorrect
1448
Which of the following is important in using contingency management
effectively?
Increase the total number of activities, both positive and negative,
so the person can learn to tell the difference. Incorrect
Make sure that the person receives reinforcement for engaging in
positive activities. (True Answer )Correct
Be sure the person receives feedback from a group regarding which
activities are positive and which are negative. Incorrect
Develop ways for the person to express depressed feelings through
journal writing. Incorrect
1449
Behavioral therapy for the treatment of unipolar depression may
include:
changing irrational thoughts. Incorrect
altering interpersonal deficits. Incorrect
uncovering conflicts over loss. Incorrect
reinforcing nondepressed behavior. (True Answer )Correct
1450
A behavioral therapist is MOST likely to use which of the following in
treating a patient with unipolar depression?
electroconvulsive treatments Incorrect
praise for engaging in positive activities (True Answer )Correct
insight into the underlying problem Incorrect
identification of distorted thinking and negative biases Incorrect
1451
Which of the following is the BEST example of the therapy technique
known as behavioral activation?
systematically ignoring the patient's depressive behavior Incorrect
asking patients to say whatever comes into their minds Incorrect
adding positive activities to the patient's life (True Answer )Correct
asking family members to help reinforce the patient's positive
behavior Incorrect
1452
Behaviorists would be MOST likely to say that depressed people must
improve their social skills because:
the performance of socially unacceptable behavior is irrational.
Incorrect
it is important to reinforce the client's depressive behavior. Incorrect
depressed people may be experiencing interpersonal role transition.
Incorrect
positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social
behavior. (True Answer )Correct
1453
A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and
laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In
other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his
mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This is
an example of:
humanistic therapy. Incorrect
1454
Arron's persistent feelings of sadness and impending doom dominate
his life. Every time he says anything even a little positive to his
therapist, the therapist smiles. Otherwise the therapist has a stone
face. This therapist is probably using some variation of:
psychoanalytic therapy. Incorrect
interpersonal psychotherapy. Incorrect
1455
The contingency management approach is an example of the
application of ______ to the treatment of depression.
business principles Incorrect
role playing Incorrect
reinforcement (True Answer )Correct
imitation (modeling) Incorrect
1456
Which one of the following is MOST consistent with a contingency

management approach?
providing sympathy when the person talks about depressed feelings
Incorrect
praising the person for engaging in nondepressive
activities (True Answer )Correct
limiting the contact family members have with the person Incorrect
analyzing the person's irrational thoughts Incorrect
1457
Focusing on the addition of positive activities to a depressed patient's
life is a behavioral technique known as:
behavioral contingency management. Incorrect
behavioral cognition. Incorrect
behavioral activation. (True Answer )Correct
behavioral confrontation. Incorrect
1458
Current research regarding the effectiveness of behavioral therapy for
depression is MOST consistent with which of the following statements?
Therapy is most effective when techniques are used one at a time,
in isolation. Incorrect
Increasing one's positive activities is more effective than just
keeping track of them. Incorrect
Using a combination of behavioral techniques works better than
using just one. (True Answer )Correct
Behavior therapists usually reject the addition of cognitive
techniques to their therapy. Incorrect
1459
Jos is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each
month would help. He should also visit friends, go bowling, do the
laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with his wife. In short, he should
increase his positive activity. His therapist MOST likely reflects the
______ orientation.
1460
What kind of unipolar depression is behavioral treatment MOST
effective in treating?
severe depression Incorrect
depression of sudden onset Incorrect
depression of gradual onset Incorrect
mild depression (True Answer )Correct
1461
A therapist treating a patient for depression first finds out what

activities the client once found pleasurable. These activities are then
reintroduced into the patient's daily
schedule. Which type of therapy is this therapist using?
behavioral therapy (True Answer )Correct
humanistic therapy Incorrect
interpersonal therapy Incorrect
psychodynamic therapy Incorrect
1462
Which of the following is a correct match of person and approach?
Lewinsohn and psychodynamic therapy Incorrect
Beck and cognitive therapy (True Answer )Correct
Seligman and behavioral therapy Incorrect
Weissman and learned helplessness Incorrect
1463
If your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change
negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist would
be using:
cognitive therapy. (True Answer )Correct
1464
A person experiencing unipolar depression writes the following in an
activity schedule, Go to store; doctor's appointment; visit museum;
read novel; clean room. What treatment approach is this person MOST
likely receiving?
psychodynamic therapy Incorrect
cognitive therapy (True Answer )Correct
interpersonal therapy Incorrect
adjunctive therapy Incorrect
1465
The increasing activities and elevating mood phase of Beck's
treatment for depression:
requires the use of antidepressant medication to be effective.
Incorrect
is the phase most related to cognitions. Incorrect
makes the therapy cognitive-behavioral rather than purely
cognitive. (True Answer )Correct
deals with the problem of dichotomous thinking. Incorrect
1466
A depressed individual receiving therapy is told that many, even most
of the negative thoughts that an individual experiences and records,
have no basis in fact. MOST likely,
the therapist is:
changing primary attitudes. Incorrect
challenging automatic thoughts. (True Answer )Correct

training the individual in dichotomous thinking. Incorrect
negatively reinforcing verbal avoidance responses. Incorrect
1467
Which of the following is NOT a part of Beck's cognitive therapy for
unipolar depression?
encouraging people to become more active and confident Incorrect
education about what automatic thoughts are Incorrect
discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts
prompting people to test their attitudes and thoughts Incorrect
1468
Which of the following would a cognitive therapist be LEAST likely to
say to you?
Please prepare a detailed schedule of your activities for the week.
Incorrect
Write down your automatic thoughts as they occur to you. Incorrect
Try to evaluate what happens to you in black and white terms.
Let's do a little experiment to test that attitude. Incorrect
1469
I do not know why you think you are a terrible surgeon. You have not
lost a patient during an operation in two years. No one else in the city
has that kind of record. Which of the following orientations is MOST
likely to describe the therapist who made this statement?
1470
Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all
wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of
Beck's treatment for depression?
increasing activities and elevating mood Incorrect
challenging automatic thoughts Incorrect
identifying negative thinking and biases (True Answer )Correct
changing primary attitudes Incorrect
1471
Clients who test their assumptions about what is causing their
depression are working in which phase of Beck's treatment program?
changing primary attitudes (True Answer )Correct
challenging automatic thoughts Incorrect
identifying negative thinking and biases Incorrect
increasing activities and elevating mood Incorrect
1472
Which one of the following statements is MOST consistent with the use
of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for depression?
Accepting negative thoughts and working with them is preferable to
rejecting them entirely. (True Answer )Correct
One must completely eliminate negative thoughts to recover from
Negative thoughts are valuable guides for behavior. Incorrect
The behavioral approach alone is preferable to cognitive
interventions. Incorrect
1473
Which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness
of cognitive therapy in treating unipolar depression?
It is less effective than placebo treatments. Incorrect
The research has not provided consistent results on this issue.
Incorrect
It is more effective in group than in individual therapy sessions.
Incorrect
It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of the
cases. (True Answer )Correct
1474
Which of the following is TRUE about research on the effectiveness of
cognitive therapy for treating unipolar depression?
Research studies show its effectiveness. (True Answer )Correct
It is no more effective than placebo therapy. Incorrect
80 to 90 precent of depressed people show almost total elimination
of symptoms. Incorrect
Although people become less depressed, their thought patterns
don't change. Incorrect
1475
Many of today's cognitive-behavioral therapists would agree that:
Beck's approach to therapy should continue to be followed without
modification. Incorrect
negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated.
acceptance and commitment therapy is outdated and no longer
useful. Incorrect
therapy needs to be individualized, not delivered in a group setting.
Incorrect
1476
Which of the following is NOT a goal of the cultural-sensitive therapy
movement?
therapy for minority clients delivered exclusively by minority
therapists (True Answer )Correct
an awareness of the impact of the dominant culture on the selfviews of the minority client Incorrect
special cultural training for majority therapists Incorrect
efforts to help minority clients establish a bicultural balance in their

lives Incorrect
1477
If you are a minority, you are:
more likely to receive antidepressant medication. Incorrect
likely to receive therapy with a culturally sensitive focus. Incorrect
likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy. (True Answer )
Correct
unlikely to be impacted by economic pressures and a minority
identity. Incorrect
1478
Which of the following is the BEST example of interpersonal role
transition?
taking an important exam Incorrect
going away to college for the first time (True Answer )Correct
exploring the spiritual dimensions of one's life Incorrect
planting a garden Incorrect
1479
Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered to be a sociocultural
approach?
Depression is thought to result from disrupted social
interactions and role expectations. (True Answer )Correct
Depression is thought to result from individual pathology. Incorrect
Depression is thought to be best treated within the family and in the
real world rather than in the clinic. Incorrect
Depression is thought to be best treated by use of a
multidisciplinary treatment team. Incorrect
1480
If your therapist encouraged you to explore your roles in life and how
they might be changing, or how your expectations might be different
from someone else's, your therapist would be using:
interpersonal therapy. (True Answer )Correct
1481
A woman who is in conflict with her husband over whether she should
have a career or stay at home full-time to care for their children is
experiencing:
interpersonal loss. Incorrect
interpersonal role dispute. (True Answer )Correct
interpersonal role transition. Incorrect
interpersonal deficits. Incorrect
1482
A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is
showing signs of:

interpersonal role dispute. Incorrect
interpersonal deficits. (True Answer )Correct
1483
Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal
psychotherapists is MOST like the cause of depression suggested by
psychoanalysis?
interpersonal loss (True Answer )Correct
interpersonal deficits Incorrect
interpersonal role dispute Incorrect
interpersonal role transition Incorrect
1484
Interpersonal psychotherapists believe that therapy must address:
maladaptive attitudes. Incorrect
ego-superego conflicts. Incorrect
role transitions in relationships. (True Answer )Correct
developing social skills to elicit reinforcement from others. Incorrect
1485
Tomas has withdrawn from most social contacts because he never
seems to be able to say the right thing. He just doesn't seem to fit in.
His comments are always misinterpreted. He feels alone and is
depressed. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists
refer to as an:
interpersonal deficit. (True Answer )Correct
1486
Tony just does not feel close to anyone. He feels alone because
although he can get to know someone (a woman) quite well on a
friendship level, he doesn't know how to get beyond that to a more
intimate level. This is depressing him. This is an example of what
interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an:
interpersonal deficit. (True Answer )Correct
1487
Which of the following is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness
of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression?
It is less effective than placebo treatments. Incorrect
The research has not provided consistent results on this issue.
Incorrect
It is more effective in group than in individual therapy sessions.
Incorrect
It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of

cases. (True Answer )Correct
1488
According to research studies, the success rate for interpersonal
therapy is about the same as that for:
placebo therapy. Incorrect
no therapy. Incorrect
1489
About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression
are in dysfunctional relationships?
1490
If the focus of your therapist is primarily on how communication and
problem-solving difficulties with your partner are contributing to your
depression, your therapist is using:
interpersonal therapy. Incorrect
couple therapy. (True Answer )Correct
1491
If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse
specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is
practicing:
premarital instructional therapy. Incorrect
psychoeducational therapy. Incorrect
role transition therapy. Incorrect
behavioral marital therapy. (True Answer )Correct
1492
When is couple therapy preferable to individual therapy?
when relationship conflicts and role transitions are paramount (True
Answer )Correct
when one person has a serious mental illness Incorrect
when medication has not been successful Incorrect
when there is a serious lack of extended familial support Incorrect
1493
Which of the following is not an example of a biological treatment for
depression?
electroconvulsive shock Incorrect
antidepressant medication Incorrect
contingency management (True Answer )Correct
herbal remedies Incorrect
1494
If you live in the United States, you can be assured that:
dietary supplements receive the same scrutiny from the FDA as
prescribed medication. Incorrect
the United States is the center for most of the research on
dietary supplements. Incorrect
claims made about the effectiveness of dietary supplements are
based on solid research. Incorrect
you will be exposed to advertisements from the multibillion-dollar
dietary supplement industry. (True Answer )Correct
1495
Typical consumers of nutraceuticals:
understand the interaction between them and prescribed
medications. Incorrect
learn about them from scientifically valid sources. Incorrect
discuss taking them with their physician before doing so. Incorrect
have easy access to a variety of products. (True Answer )Correct
1496
Which of the following is the MOST effective dietary
supplement/disorder pairing?
ginkgo biloba for treating dementia (True Answer )Correct
black cohosh for treating depression Incorrect
zinc for treating PMS Incorrect
SAM-e for treating sexual dysfunction Incorrect
1497
The nutraceutical SAM-e:
is used in treating depression. (True Answer )Correct
has more severe side effects than traditional antidepressants.
Incorrect
is much less expensive than pharmaceuticals. Incorrect
was tested first in the United States, then in Italy and other
countries. Incorrect
1498
If a friend is considering nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression,
your BEST advice would be:
Don't: nutraceuticals don't work. Incorrect
Black cohosh should help with practically any kind of mood
disorder. Incorrect
Melatonin is effective only with severe depression. Incorrect
St. John's wort should only be used for mild or moderate cases of
1499
St. John's wort:
has been shown to be effective in treating severe depression.
Incorrect
produces undesirable effects. Incorrect
is available with prescription. Incorrect

is inexpensive compared to pharmaceuticals. (True Answer )Correct
1500
What is the average length of time for the treatment of major
depressive disorder with ECT?
2?4 weeks (True Answer )Correct
15 weeks Incorrect
20 weeks Incorrect
indefinite Incorrect
1501
If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n):
reuptake of serotonin. Incorrect
insulin-induced coma. Incorrect
increase in energy and creativity. Incorrect
brain seizure. (True Answer )Correct
1502
In the bilateral ECT, the electrical current passes through:
both sides of the brain. (True Answer )Correct
only the left side of the brain. Incorrect
only the right side of the brain. Incorrect
the brain and the spinal cord. Incorrect
1503
Which patient group was the first treated with ECT?
manic patients Incorrect
phobic patients Incorrect
psychotic patients (True Answer )Correct
hysterical patients Incorrect
1504
Ugo Cerletti, the first psychiatrist to use ECT effectively, later
abandoned the procedure, MOST likely because of:
the advent of antipsychotic medications. Incorrect
the likelihood that convulsions caused by it would result in broken
bones and dislocated joints. (True Answer )Correct
the trend toward using bilateral rather than unilateral shock.
Incorrect
better results from using insulin. Incorrect
1505
ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has changed over the years. Patients
given this treatment now may receive:
higher levels of current. Incorrect
muscle relaxants. (True Answer )Correct
oxygen to prevent memory loss. Incorrect
insulin. Incorrect
1506
Today, electroconvulsive therapy:
is more likely to involve the use of insulin than shock. Incorrect
also involves the use of muscle relaxants. (True Answer )Correct

is given without anesthetic to reduce memory loss. Incorrect
is more likely to involve bilateral shock. Incorrect
1507
One of the side effects of ECT is:
mania. Incorrect
psychosis. Incorrect
memory loss. (True Answer )Correct
intensification of the depression. Incorrect
1508
Which of the following is the MOST important reason for the decline in
the use of electroconvulsive therapy since the 1950s?
It was shown not to be effective in cases of severe depression with
delusions. Incorrect
It is too expensive and not covered by medical insurance. Incorrect
Antidepressant drugs were developed. (True Answer )Correct
Most memory loss appeared to be permanent. Incorrect
1509
People who take MAO inhibitors and want to decrease the risk of
negative side effects would make the greatest changes in which aspect
of life?
what they eat (True Answer )Correct
the type and amount of exercise they get Incorrect
their sex lives Incorrect
the amount of time they could spend in the sun Incorrect
1510
An individual receiving a treatment for depression is happier because
of higher levels of norepinephrine in his or her brain. What treatment is
this person MOST likely receiving?
an MAO inhibitor (True Answer )Correct
ECT Incorrect
an SSRI Incorrect
a tricyclic Incorrect
1511
Corrina took an antidepressant and then ate a meal. Shortly thereafter
her blood pressure skyrocketed and she felt faint. Which of the
following is MOST likely to be true?
She took an overdose. Incorrect
She took a tricyclic antidepressant. Incorrect
She did not need the antidepressant. Incorrect
She ate something containing tyramine. (True Answer )Correct
1512
If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful
when using:
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Incorrect
tricyclics. Incorrect
MAO inhibitors. (True Answer )Correct

second-generation antidepressants. Incorrect
1513
MAO inhibitors work by:
blocking MAO from breaking down norepinephrine. (True Answer )
Correct
raising the level of MAO. Incorrect
lowering the level of tyramine, found in cheese and wine. Incorrect
interacting with the production of amphetamines. Incorrect
1514
MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive
symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients
who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs?
They stimulate serotonin production. Incorrect
They block synapses that release norepinephrine. Incorrect
They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine. (True
Answer )Correct
They raise the levels of monoamine oxidase in the brain. Incorrect
1515
Which of the following is MOST likely to elevate the mood in a
depressed person?
inhibition of serotonin synthesis Incorrect
a decrease in the levels of serotonin Incorrect
an increase in the levels of norepinephrine (True Answer )Correct
blocking synaptic transmission at norepinephrine synapses Incorrect
1516
How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work?
They increase the levels of reserpine in the blood. Incorrect
They decrease supplies of serotonin in neurons. Incorrect
They decrease supplies of dopamine in neurons. Incorrect
They increase supplies of norepinephrine in neurons. (True Answer )
Correct
1517
Researchers were searching for drugs to treat schizophrenia when they
came across imipramine, which alleviated the symptoms of depression,
although it was not effective against schizophrenia. It became the first
of a class of drugs, all sharing a similar molecular structure, called:
tyramine. Incorrect
tricyclics. (True Answer )Correct
neuroleptics. Incorrect
MAO inhibitors. Incorrect
1518
The mechanism of action of imipramine is to:
destroy monoamine oxidase. Incorrect
mimic the action of norepinephrine and serotonin. Incorrect
block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. (True Answer )

Correct
block the receptor sites for norepinephrine and serotonin on the
postsynaptic neuron. Incorrect
1519
In order to effectively reduce the chances of relapse of depressive
symptoms, patients should:
take a larger dose of tricyclics than necessary for relief of
symptoms. Incorrect
continue to take tricyclics after they are symptom-free. (True
Answer )Correct
gradually taper the dose of tricyclics once they are symptom-free.
Incorrect
take MAO inhibitors along with tricyclics. Incorrect
1520
Apparently tricyclics work by:
blocking the production of norepinephrine and serotonin. Incorrect
blocking the reuptake of the tricyclic by the neurotransmitter.
Incorrect
blocking the ingestion of the tricyclic. Incorrect
blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. (True
Answer )Correct
1521
Second-generation antidepressant medications include:
Selegiline and Nardil. Incorrect
Imipramine and Elavil. Incorrect
Anafranil and Eldepryl. (True Answer )Correct
Cymbalta and Prozac. Incorrect
1522
A person who is recovering from depression continues to take tricyclic
medication for several months after most symptoms are gone. This is
called:
maintenance therapy, but it is not necessary; once symptoms are
gone, they tend not to reappear. Incorrect
maintenance therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms
from reappearing. (True Answer )Correct
placebo therapy, but it is not necessary; once symptoms are gone,
they tend not to reappear. Incorrect
placebo therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from
reappearing. Incorrect
1523
Which of the following best represents how tricyclics work?
tricyclic ingested, reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin blocked,
larger amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, less neuronal
firing. Incorrect
tricyclic ingested, smaller amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin

released, normal amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released,
reuptake triggers more neuronal
firing. (True Answer )Correct
tricyclic ingested, less neuronal firing, more norepinephrine and
serotonin released, reuptake slows release of norepinephrine and
tricyclic ingested, norepinephrine and serotonin blocked, neurons
cease firing briefly, neurons begin firing without norepinephrine and
1524
Second-generation antidepressants appear to act by:
destroying MAO. Incorrect
facilitating the reuptake process. Incorrect
selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin. (True Answer )Correct
blocking the reuptake processes of all neurotransmitters more
completely. Incorrect
1525
Second-generation antidepressants:
mimic MAO inhibitors and tricyclics. Incorrect
target specific neurotransmission reuptake. (True Answer )Correct
increase the sex drive of depressed people. Incorrect
are yet to be widely prescribed. Incorrect
1526
Compared to earlier antidepressant drugs, second-generation
antidepressant drugs:
work faster and more effectively. Incorrect
work faster, but not more effectively. Incorrect
do not work faster, but do work more effectively. Incorrect
do not work either faster or more effectively. (True Answer )Correct
1527
A clinician says at a workshop, I prefer the most recently developed
antidepressant medications, because they're harder to overdose on,
and they don't require dietary restrictions. This statement is:
accurate. (True Answer )Correct
partially accurate; they are harder to overdose on, but do require
dietary restrictions. Incorrect
partially accurate; they are easier to overdose on, but do not require
dietary restrictions. Incorrect
inaccurate. Incorrect
1528
A person taking antidepressant medication is starting to gain weight,
and reports decreasing interest in sexual activity. These changes are
MOST common among people taking what kind of antidepressant
medication?
MAO inhibitors Incorrect
tricyclics Incorrect
second-generation antidepressants (True Answer )Correct
vagus nerve stimulators Incorrect
1529
Therapists who treat African American clients for depression need to be
aware that their clients are:
less likely to benefit from proper antidepressant medication.
Incorrect
less likely to receive newer second-generation drugs. (True Answer )
Correct
more likely to receive the newer, not well-tested drugs. Incorrect
more likely than European Americans to receive drug prescriptions
on their first therapy. Incorrect
1530
White Americans receiving Medicaid are:
more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant
medication, but may be less likely to respond to the medication. (True
Answer )Correct
more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant
medication, and may be more likely to respond to the medication.
Incorrect
less likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant
medication, and may be less likely to respond to the medication.
Incorrect
less likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant
medication, but may be more likely to respond to the medication.
Incorrect
1531
How likely are Medicaid recipients to be prescribed antidepressant
medication?
White Americans more often than African Americans; African
Americans more often than Hispanic Americans Incorrect
White Americans more often than Hispanic Americans; Hispanic
Americans more often than African Americans (True Answer )Correct
about 40 percent likely; ethnic group makes no
difference Incorrect
about 20 percent likely; ethnic group makes no difference Incorrect
1532
Among the biological treatments for depression, the one that uses an
implanted pulse generator is:
ECT. Incorrect
deep brain stimulation. Incorrect
vagus nerve stimulation. (True Answer )Correct
TMS. Incorrect
1533
Vagus nerve stimulation is MOST similar to:
ECT. (True Answer )Correct

taking an SSRI. Incorrect
MAO inhibitors. Incorrect
tricyclics. Incorrect
1534
Studies show that individuals with severe depression who have not
benefited from more conventional treatments are about how likely to
improve from using vagus nerve stimulation?
1535
In which of the treatments for depression is a stimulating current sent
through a patient's prefrontal cortex?
TMS (True Answer )Correct
DBS Incorrect
both TMS and DBS Incorrect
neither TMS nor DBS Incorrect
1536
______ is a treatment in which tiny holes are drilled into the skull
through which electrodes are implanted into the brain.
Vagus nerve stimulation Incorrect
Transcranial magnetic stimulation Incorrect
Deep brain stimulation (True Answer )Correct
ECT Incorrect
1537
What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic
stimulation have in common?
They are used primarily to treat those with mild forms of depression.
Incorrect
Despite early promise, they have proven not to be effective
treatments for depression. Incorrect
They are usually tried before medications in order to prevent
medication-induced side effects. Incorrect
They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe
forms of depression. (True Answer )Correct
1538
There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians
prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades:
because the results of drug therapy are vastly superior to those of
despite the success of cognitive therapy. (True Answer )Correct
even though behavior therapy shows better results. Incorrect
because successful drug therapy is only effective in the short term.
Incorrect
1539
Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various
forms of treatment for depression show that:
no more than one or two treatments appears to be effective in the
treatment of depression. Incorrect
no matter what other treatment is used, drug treatment is essential
and should be tried first. Incorrect
all treatments are equally effective in treating depression. Incorrect
cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological
treatments are the best, and about equally effective. (True Answer )
Correct
1540
Outcome studies on treatments for depression, comparing drug
treatments with cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies, show
that:
cognitive therapies work quicker, but must be combined with drug
therapy over the long run. Incorrect
all are equally effective, both initially, and in preventing
recurrences. Incorrect
all three are equally likely to be prescribed by physicians. Incorrect
cognitive therapies are better at preventing relapses unless the drug
therapy is continued even after the patient has improved. (True Answer
)Correct
1541
The key to long-term treatment of depression is:
family support. Incorrect
some sort of brain stimulation. Incorrect
some sort of maintenance therapy. (True Answer )Correct
1542
Research now suggests that once someone has been successfully
treated for depression he or she:
can safely stop treatment. Incorrect
needs to begin drug treatment if it has not already been tried.
Incorrect
needs some type of continuation or maintenance therapy. (True
Answer )Correct
needs to follow up with the same type of therapy. Incorrect
1543
Recent research indicates that behavioral therapy is the treatment of
choice only:
for serious but not mild forms of depression. Incorrect
over drug and cognitive therapies. Incorrect
when interpersonal therapy is the only other alternative. Incorrect
over placebo treatment. (True Answer )Correct
1544
Which of the following would a psychodynamic therapist be MOST likely

to say about studies regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic
therapy for depression?
The therapy does not lend itself to empirical research. (True
Answer )Correct
Therapists' reports of individual recovery and progress should be
disregarded. Incorrect
The therapy is less effective than other methods. Incorrect
More empirical studies need to be done before drawing conclusions.
Incorrect
1545
Your BEST advice to a friend who is experiencing severe depression
would be:
Try behavior therapy; it's the best therapy for severe depression.
Incorrect
Couple therapy works better than other therapies if you're
experiencing marital problems. Incorrect
Psychodynamic therapy or behavior therapy should work
better than anything else. Incorrect
Try combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy. (True Answer )
Correct
1546
What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically
valid) about behavioral therapy for someone experiencing depression?
Only use it in cases of severe depression, where it is the best
therapy there is. Incorrect
It is better than drug therapy for those with mild depression.
Incorrect
It is equal in effectiveness to cognitive and cognitive-behavioral
therapies. Incorrect
It is better than nothing, but that's about it. (True Answer )Correct
1547
What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically
valid) about behavioral therapy for an adolescent experiencing
depression?
There is really no difference in treatment effectiveness among
adults and adolescents. Incorrect
Avoid drug therapy because of the side effects for adolescents.
Incorrect
Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive therapy. (True
Answer )Correct
Focus on the brain stimulation treatmentsECT, in particular.
Incorrect
1548
Which of the following is NOT true about the use of ECT and drug
therapies for treating depression?
ECT works quicker than drug therapy in reducing depression.

Incorrect
ECT works somewhat more effectively than drug therapy in treating
ECT is likely to be prescribed first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs
are prescribed. (True Answer )Correct
ECT appears to be somewhat more successful in treating depressed
people who are also suicidal. Incorrect
1549
Which of the following treatments produces the fastest results in the
biological treatment for unipolar depression?
MAO inhibitors Incorrect
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (True Answer )Correct
tricyclic antidepressant medication Incorrect
second-generation antidepressant drugs Incorrect
1550
Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when:
depression is mild to moderate. Incorrect
the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs. (True
Answer )Correct
suicide is not judged to be a significant risk. Incorrect
the patient first comes to therapy. Incorrect
1551
What is currently true about pharmaceutical companies regarding their
ads for medications in the United States?
They are only allowed to advertise to physicians and psychologists.
Incorrect
They must detail all the major side effects and potential risks of the
drugs in their ads. Incorrect
They must recommend that patients consult with their doctors about
taking the drugs in their ads. (True Answer )Correct
They have not found direct ads to be effective in increasing sales.
Incorrect
1552
Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and highflying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST
likely to recommend treatment with:
ECT. Incorrect
lithium. (True Answer )Correct
imipramine. Incorrect
tranquilizers. Incorrect
1553
The effects of lithium were discovered during the investigation of:
a drug to treat tuberculosis. Incorrect
a drug to treat schizophrenia. Incorrect
the effects of camphor on psychosis. Incorrect
the effect of toxic levels of uric acid. (True Answer )Correct

1554
If a person taking lithium began experiencing nausea, vomiting,
sluggishness, tremors, and seizures, one would suspect:
the person was not experiencing bipolar disorder. Incorrect
the person was experiencing lithium intoxication. (True Answer )
Correct
the dose was too low. Incorrect
the person needs adjunctive therapy. Incorrect
1555
At least ______ of manic patients treated with lithium improve.
1556
Lithium has been found to:
be useful in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Incorrect
enhance the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in unipolar
increase the effectiveness of drugs used to treat obsessivecompulsive disorder. Incorrect
be more effective in treating bipolar disorder when used in
conjunction with ECT than when used alone. Incorrect
1557
A person with bipolar disorder is taking a commonly used drug to
stabilize mood in the manic episodes. What else might also happen as
a result of taking this drug?
Nothing muchthe drug works specifically on manic episodes.
Incorrect
The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive
episodes. (True Answer )Correct
The person might experience an initial intensification of depressive
episodes, followed by a return to the usual intensity. Incorrect
The person probably would develop unipolar depression. Incorrect
1558
All of the following about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder are
true, EXCEPT that:
it is highly effective at eliminating manic symptoms. Incorrect
it alleviates depressive symptoms, though to a lesser degree.
Incorrect
it appears to help prevent relapse. Incorrect
it interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.
1559
Lithium appears to affect:
neurons's second messengers. (True Answer )Correct

absorption of salt. Incorrect
brain seizure activity. Incorrect
reuptake of serotonin. Incorrect
1560
Second messengers are:
active inside the neuron. (True Answer )Correct
the same as neurotransmitters. Incorrect
important in increasing the effectiveness of tricyclics. Incorrect
used by therapists when treating couples Incorrect
1561
You would expect to see the biggest impact of lithium on which part of
the neuron?
the gap between neurons Incorrect
the firing of the sending neuron Incorrect
the firing of the receiving neuron (True Answer )Correct
the reception of the neurotransmitter by the receiving neuron
Incorrect
1562
The combination of lithium and psychotherapy is better than lithium
treatment alone. This therapeutic addition is called:
conjoint ego analysis. Incorrect
sociodynamic training. Incorrect
adjunctive psychotherapy. (True Answer )Correct
chemo-behavioral treatment. Incorrect
1563
Which one of the following is the BEST example of adjunctive therapy?
A patient is taking a mood stabilizer along with an SSRI. Incorrect
The child of someone with unipolar depression is given a vaccine
against depression (if such a vaccine existed). Incorrect
Both members of a couple are being treated for depression.
Incorrect
A patient is receiving both drug therapy and interpersonal therapy
with his or her family. (True Answer )Correct
1564
The best treatment recommendation you could give someone
experiencing bipolar disorder is:
complex, due to conflicting experimental results. Incorrect
broad; a number of different therapies work equally well. Incorrect
drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy. (True
Answer )Correct
no therapy has been shown to be effective. Incorrect
1565
Which one of the following is a likely reason for using adjunctive
therapy to treat bipolar disorder?
People stop taking lithium because they dislike the euphoria it

causes. Incorrect
People stop taking lithium because they miss the depression.
Incorrect
People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and
creative without taking it. (True Answer )Correct
People take overdoses of lithium because it makes them feel so
good. Incorrect
1566
Which of the following is an example of effective adjunctive therapy for
bipolar disorder?
electroconvulsive therapy Incorrect
individual or group therapy (True Answer )Correct
hospitalization of the patient Incorrect
Prozac in combination with lithium Incorrect
1243
Distinguish between bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, dysthymic
disorder, and cyclothymic disorder using DSM-5 criteria.
1244
The research supporting the various models that explain depression
has a number of limitations. Provide examples from actual research
that demonstrates: (a) application of animal research to human
behavior, (b) correlational research that does not establish causation,
and (c) limitations of physiological measurements.
1245
Using the biological model of unipolar depression, discuss the genetic
factors, biochemical factors, and brain circuitry factors that are
involved in unipolar depression.
1246
Define premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Then discuss how it is similar
to and different from other disorders of mood, and why this diagnosis
has been controversial.
1247
Describe the psychodynamic explanation for the development of
depression. Then, discuss the research that supports or questions this
explanation.
1248
Describe the three forms of Aaron Beck's cognitive triad and give an
example how each form would influence the thinking of a depressed
person.
1249
Someone you know has just had a minor fender-bender, caused by
backing his car into a light pole. Using the concepts of the attributionhelplessness theory, provide examples of what an individual at risk for
depression and one not at risk for depression would say regarding what
just happened to him. Be sure to include all three attributional
dimensions.
1250
Negative thinking lies at the center of unipolar depression. Using this
theory, discuss four areas to consider that contribute to negative
thinking that may cause depression.
1251
Discuss the relationship between gender and depression, and between
cultural and ethnic background and depression that fall under the
multicultural perspective.
1252
Using the DSM-5, what criteria would you use to diagnose an individual
with Bipolar I Disorder? Describe in detail the two components of
Bipolar Disorder.
1253
You have been asked to give a talk to the Student Art Group on,
Abnormality and Creativity. How would you explain why creative
people might be prone to psychological disorders? What additional
information would you share about the myths regarding the
relationship between emotional turmoil and creativity?
1254
A state in which one feels low and life seems bleak with overwhelming
challenges is called ______.
*
1255
A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which people
have an exaggerated belief in their power is called ______.
mania (True Answer )
*
1256
Kareem is miserable. He sees himself in a negative way. He has no
desire to participate in his usual activities. In addition, he has
headaches, insomnia, and nausea. Kareem is MOST likely suffering
from _____.
*
1257
Depressed people are usually less active and less productive. This is
a(n) ______ symptom.
*
1258
An individual may receive a diagnosis of ______ if she displays less
disabling symptoms of unipolar depression over a period of at least two
years.
dysthymic disorder (True Answer )
*
1259
When a stressful event appears to be responsible for the onset of a
major depressive episode, clinicians refer to it as a(n) ______.
reactive depression or exogenous depression (True Answer )
*
1260
A person diagnosed with unipolar depression shows low activity of a
neurotransmitter chemical . If activity of norepinephrine is normal,
then the neurotransmitter showing low activity is MOST likely ______.
*
1261
The only mood disorder with a female to male ratio showing
substantially more males than females diagnosed with the disorder, a
ratio of about 1:6, is ______.
bipolar I disorder (True Answer )
*
1262
To explain the relationship between loss and depression, Freud used
the concept of ______, in which a person unconsciously interprets
negative experiences as the loss of a loved one.
symbolic loss, imagined loss (True Answer )
*
1263
Harry Harlow's infant monkey studies have been used to support the
_______ explanation for the relationship between loss and depression.
*
1264
Peter Lewinsohn has developed a theory that depression results from a
progressive decrease in the number of ______ that a person receives
over a long period of time.
positive reinforcements, social rewards (True Answer )
*
1265
The theorist responsible for focusing attention on the negative aspects
of thinking as an explanation of depression is ______.
Aaron Beck (True Answer )
*
1266
Aaron Beck's work led him to believe that ______ lies at the heart of
unipolar depression.
negative thinking, maladaptive thinking, the cognitive triad (True
Answer )
*
1267
According to Aaron Beck, arbitrary inferences, minimizations, and
magnification are examples of ______ that lead to negativity.
errors in thinking (True Answer )
*
1268
I have no control over good things in my life. The ______ theory of
depression MOST closely explains this statement.
learned helplessness (True Answer )
*
1269
People become depressed when they believe that they have no control
over the events in their lives and that they cannot change this
condition. This is known as the _____ view of depression.
learned helplessness, attribution-helplessness, or hopelessness
(True Answer )
*
1270
The fact that separated or divorced people are about three times as
likely to experience depression than are married people provides the
most direct support for ______ theory.
sociocultural, social support (True Answer )
*
1271
Women and men are equally prone to depression, but gender
differences in the rate of diagnosing this disorder arise because
clinicians often fail to detect this disorder in men. This is the ______.
artifact theory (True Answer )
*
1272
I'm going out to convince the drug dealers of the errors of their ways.
Then I'll write a play about my work and put it on Broadway. But first, I
need to go home and cook a gourmet meal. The individual saying this
is MOST likely experiencing a(n) ______ episode.
manic (True Answer )
*
1273
A person who exhibits mild euphoria, moderate feelings of well-being,
and somewhat elevated levels of physical activity is ______.
hypomanic, exhibiting hypomania (True Answer )
*
1274
A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of
bipolar disorder but does include depressive and manic episodes has
been identified as ______.
cyclothymic disorder (True Answer )
*
1275
A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals
have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:
mania. (True Answer )Correct
dysthymia. Incorrect
cyclothymia. Incorrect
1276
An important difference between mood disorders and normal mood
fluctuation is:
the particular medication used to treat the problem. Incorrect
the cause of the problem. Incorrect
the severity and duration of the problem. (True Answer )Correct
the demographic characteristics of the person. Incorrect
1277
Considering data from several countries around the world, which of the
following is the MOST accurate statement about the percentages of
adults in each country who suffer from mood disorders each year?
The percentages are virtually identical across countries. Incorrect
Asian countries generally have higher percentages of mood
European countries generally have higher percentages of mood
The percentages are over twice as high in some countries as they
are in others. (True Answer )Correct
1278
A friend of yours diagnosed with unipolar depression says, This can't
be that bad. Maybe my creativity will increase. Of the following
alternatives, your MOST accurate reply is:
You should get some therapy; there's nothing positive about
You should get some therapy; only about half of people with
depression get more creative. Incorrect
Think about getting some therapy; becoming more creative might

not be worth it. Incorrect
Don't worry; almost all people with depression recover and retain
the creativity gains. Incorrect
1279
In the United States, the prevalence of unipolar depression in boys is:
the same as it is for girls, and the prevalence for men is the same as
it is for women. Incorrect
lower than it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is the same as it
is for women. Incorrect
the same as it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is lower than it
is for women. (True Answer )Correct
lower than it is for girls, and the prevalence for men is lower than it
is for women. Incorrect
1280
What is the current incidence of severe unipolar depression in the
United States?
1281
Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression?
lack of desire to eat Incorrect
a negative view of oneself Incorrect
experiences of sadness and anger (True Answer )Correct
staying in bed for hours during the day Incorrect
1282
The experience of feeling like weeping constantly would be considered
a(n) ______of depression.
cognitive Incorrect
emotional (True Answer )Correct
motivational Incorrect
1283
Which of the following would be MOSTLY a motivational symptom of
depression?
lack of desire to eat (True Answer )Correct
experiences of sadness and anger Incorrect
staying in bed for hours during the day Incorrect
1284
The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity with
one's spouse would be considered a(n) ______ symptom
cognitive Incorrect
emotional Incorrect
motivational (True Answer )Correct
1285
A person displaying sadness, lack of energy, headaches, and feelings
of low self-worth is showing all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
emotional symptoms. Incorrect
motivational symptoms. Incorrect
behavioral symptoms. (True Answer )Correct
cognitive symptoms. Incorrect
1286
Which of the following would be a behavioral symptom of depression?
lack of desire to eat Incorrect
experiences of sadness and anger Incorrect
staying in bed for hours during the day (True Answer
)Correct
1287
A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and
unable to solve problems is suffering from _______ symptoms.
emotional Incorrect
1288
Having frequent headaches, disturbances in sleep, and loss of appetite
are ______ symptoms of depression.
physical (True Answer )Correct
emotional Incorrect
1289
Which of the following would be a physical symptom of depression?
sleeping poorly (True Answer )Correct
lack of desire to go to work Incorrect
decreased level of physical activity Incorrect
experiences of sadness and dejection Incorrect
1290
To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must
last for a period of at least:
two weeks. (True Answer )Correct
two months. Incorrect
one year. Incorrect
two years. Incorrect
1291
What would be the most appropriate diagnosis for a person who

experienced a major depressive episode, without having any history of
mania, and is either immobile or excessively active?
recurrent depression Incorrect
seasonal depression Incorrect
catatonic depression (True Answer )Correct
melancholic depression Incorrect
1292
All of the following are types of major depressive disorders EXCEPT:
recurrent. Incorrect
seasonal. Incorrect
melancholic. Incorrect
posttraumatic. (True Answer )Correct
1293
Judith is currently experiencing a period of sadness that interferes with
her ability to go to work and to take care of her children. It has lasted
now for three weeks, and she has experienced similar episodes in the
past. What type of major depression would she MOST likely be
diagnosed with?
seasonal Incorrect
catatonic Incorrect
recurrent (True Answer )Correct
melancholic Incorrect
1294
To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, catatonic, the
individual must display:
repeated episodes. Incorrect
fluctuation in mood during the year. Incorrect
motor immobility or excessive activity. (True Answer )Correct
onset within four weeks of giving birth. Incorrect
1295
Juan is currently experiencing a period of sadness that has resulted in
almost total immobility. He sits in a chair all day and almost never
moves. His wife has to assist him in getting into bed at night. What
type of major depression would he most likely be diagnosed with?
seasonal Incorrect
catatonic (True Answer )Correct
recurrent Incorrect
1296
Since immediately after the birth of her son, Maria has experienced a
period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him.
She has never felt this way before, but this has been going on for
several weeks. With what type of major depression would she MOST
likely be diagnosed?
seasonal Incorrect
catatonic Incorrect
postpartum (True Answer )Correct
1297
To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, melancholic, the
individual must display:
repeated episodes. Incorrect
fluctuation in mood during the year. Incorrect
motor immobility or excessive activity. Incorrect
almost no emotional response to pleasurable events. (True Answer )
Correct
1298
All the pleasure has gone out of life for Trevor. Things he used to find
fun and exciting no longer give him any joy. He finds he wakes up early
in the morning and has no appetite. This has been going on for several
weeks. What type of major depression would he MOST likely be
diagnosed with?
seasonal Incorrect
catatonic Incorrect
recurrent Incorrect
melancholic (True Answer )Correct
1299
To receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have
experienced symptoms for at least:
two weeks. Incorrect
two months. Incorrect
one year. Incorrect
two years. (True Answer )Correct
1300
Jamal is experiencing a major depressive episode that appears to have
begun three weeks ago. He is miserable and suffers from at least five
symptoms of depression. No unusually stressful events have occurred
in the past year. Based on these data, the diagnosis would be:
postpartum depression. Incorrect
reactive depression. Incorrect
exogenous depression. Incorrect
endogenous depression. (True Answer )Correct
1301
Jose just saw his best friend shot and killed by a gunman who was
driving through his neighborhood. A month later he is in a
psychologist's office complaining that he cannot work; everything
seems hopeless. There are several other symptoms consistent with
these. Based on these data, the diagnosis would MOST likely be:
recurrent depression. Incorrect
reactive depression. (True Answer )Correct
endogenous depression. Incorrect
melancholic depression. Incorrect

1302
Sohila has been deteriorating for more than a year. She is always tired
(she does not sleep), she is losing weight (she eats poorly), she is sad,
feels terrible, and feels like it will never get any better. When asked, it
is clear that nothing in particular has happened. Based on these data,
the diagnosis MOST likely would be:
manic depression. Incorrect
reactive depression. Incorrect
exogenous depression. Incorrect
endogenous depression. (True Answer )Correct
1303
A woman experiences recurrent thoughts of suicide, great sadness,
and sleep disturbance. These symptoms began a week after she gave
birth, and have lasted over six months. The woman is experiencing:
the baby blues. Incorrect
postpartum psychosis. Incorrect
hormone withdrawal syndrome. Incorrect
postpartum depression. (True Answer )Correct
1304
A woman who has just given birth is anxious, has trouble sleeping, and
feels sad. These symptoms diminish in the next couple of weeks. What
she has experienced is most likely:
the baby blues, something experienced by under half of new
mothers. (True Answer )Correct
the baby blues, something experienced by over half of new
mothers. Incorrect
postpartum depression, something experienced by over half of new
mothers. Incorrect
postpartum depression, something experienced by under half of
new mothers. Incorrect
1305
A woman being treated for postpartum depression after the birth of her
first child is most likely to:
experience postpartum depression after her first birth, but rarely
experience it again. Incorrect
only experience postpartum depression after the birth of a first
child. Incorrect
have up to a 50% chance of experiencing postpartum depression
with her next child. (True Answer )Correct
have a 100% chance of experiencing postpartum depression with
her next child. Incorrect
1306
For women experiencing postpartum depression, which of the following
is true regarding psychotherapy for depression?
Most women stop having depressive symptoms within four weeks

after the birth of their child. Incorrect
A psychodynamic approach works particularly well. Incorrect
Many women with postpartum depression find self-help support
groups particularly helpful. (True Answer )Correct
They should avoid antidepressant medications. Such medications
work well for unipolar depression but not for postpartum depression.
Incorrect
1307
The DSM-5 has added premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as a
diagnosis given to certain women who repeatedly experience clinically
significant depressive and related symptoms during the week before
menstruation. Why has this been an ongoing controversy?
There has not been enough research about the diagnosis. Incorrect
It does not occur often enough to qualify for a diagnosis. Incorrect
The diagnosis pathologizes severe cases of premenstrual syndrome.
There are not enough symptoms to qualify for a diagnosis. Incorrect
1308
Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a
predisposition for unipolar depression within families. Which theoretical
framework encompasses these studies?
humanist Incorrect
1309
Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a genetic
predisposition for unipolar depression. These studies have found:
a lower rate of unipolar depression among children of parents with
this disorder. Incorrect
a higher than chance rate of depression among the families of
depressed patients. (True Answer )Correct
high rates of unipolar depression among dizygotic twins but not
among monozygotic twins. Incorrect
no compelling evidence for depression to be found in relatives of a
depressed individual. Incorrect
1310
If a study showed that both monozygotic twins had about a 45 percent
chance of having unipolar depression when their twin had unipolar
depression, this would provide:
very little support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar
moderate support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar
strong support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar

near-certain support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar
1311
Recent studies show about what proportion of those experiencing
major depressive disorder receive treatment for that disorder?
1312
A man diagnosed with major depressive disorder exhibited his first
diagnosable symptoms when he was about 40 years old. Among those
experiencing major depressive disorder, his case is:
common: most people with this diagnosis are men in their early to
mid 40s. Incorrect
uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their
early to mid 40s. Incorrect
uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are men in their mid to
late 20s Incorrect
very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their
mid to late 20s (True Answer )Correct
1313
What are the chances that researchers will develop a specific, genebased explanation for unipolar depression in the near future?
almost zeroso far, no specific genes have been linked to unipolar
lowso far, specific genes on half or more of chromosomes have
been linked to unipolar depression (True Answer )Correct
moderateresearchers have identified at most a half-dozen or so
genes linked to unipolar depression Incorrect
highresearchers have narrowed their study down to at
most three genes linked to unipolar depression Incorrect
1314
If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression,
the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have:
an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters,
especially serotonin and norepinephrine. (True Answer )Correct
especially high levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and
acetylcholine, and their metabolites. Incorrect
particularly low levels of the neurotransmitters cortisol and
melatonin, as measured by their metabolites. Incorrect
an absence of the neurotransmitters cortisol and serotonin. Incorrect
1315
Seasonal affective disorder is associated with fewer hours per day of

daylight during the winter months. Less daylight, or, more accurately,
more darkness, may cause the release of:
BDNF. Incorrect
melatonin. (True Answer )Correct
cortisol. Incorrect
1316
If people with unipolar depression were found to have higher levels of
cortisol, such a finding would support the influence of the: ______.
behavioral orientation Incorrect
biochemical orientation (True Answer )Correct
psychodynamic orientation Incorrect
sociocultural orientation Incorrect
1317
One problem with analogue studies of depression is that:
people from different cultural backgrounds show different symptoms
of depression. Incorrect
one cannot be sure depression-like symptoms in lab animals reflect
human depression. (True Answer )Correct
computers are presently unable to simulate depressive symptoms
as humans experience those symptoms. Incorrect
genetic correlational studies don't necessarily demonstrate causal
links between genes and depression. Incorrect
1318
Assume that a new study suggests the corpus callosum may cause
unipolar depression by moving messages too slowly from one cerebral
hemisphere to the other. This study would be:
very unusual; previous studies have most strongly connected other
brain areas to depression. (True Answer )Correct
one-of-a-kind; previous studies do not connect specific brain areas
to depression. Incorrect
unusual; only a few previous studies connect this brain area to
expected; many previous studies connect this brain area to
depression. This study is a replication. Incorrect
1319
A person suspected of having unipolar depression has a smaller-thannormal hippocampus, although it produces a normal number of new
neurons. This is:
normal. Incorrect
unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-thannormal hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new
neurons. (True Answer )Correct
unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized

hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons.
Incorrect
very unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a normalsized hippocampus, causing it to produce a normal number of new
neurons. Incorrect
1320
The belief that the prefrontal cortex has a very important part to play
in the development of depression:
is probably wrong; current studies focus on the hypothalamus.
Incorrect
is probably correct; higher activity in the prefrontal cortex is
associated with depression. Incorrect
is probably correct: lower activity in the prefrontal cortex is
associated with depression. (True Answer )Correct
is probably correct, although researchers haven't identified the
specifics of the relationship. Incorrect
1321
As a result of taking antidepressant drugs, a person is experiencing
increased production of new neurons in the hippocampus. This is:
normal, and is one indication of successful treatment. (True
Answer )Correct
abnormal, and is one indication that the drug is not working.
Incorrect
abnormal, and is an indication that bipolar disorder would be the
proper diagnosis. Incorrect
abnormal, and is an indication that the depression is worsening.
Incorrect
1322
Recent research indicates that all of the following brain structures or
regions are part of the brain circuit involved in unipolar depression,
EXCEPT:
Brodmann Area 25. Incorrect
the corpus callosum. (True Answer )Correct
the hippocampus. Incorrect
the amygdala. Incorrect
1323
Which of the following statements MOST accurately reflects current
research findings?
Dysregulated immune systems produce stress, which may then
produce unipolar depression. Incorrect
Unipolar depression produces stress, which produces dysregulated
immune systems. Incorrect
Unipolar depression and stress both produce dysregulated immune
systems. Incorrect
Stress produces dysregulated immune systems, which may then

produce unipolar depression. (True Answer )Correct
1324
According to Freudian theory, depression results in part from:
learned helplessness. Incorrect
irrational expectations. Incorrect
regression to the oral stage. (True Answer )Correct
learned anxiety turned inward. Incorrect
1325
The clinician who would be MOST likely to say, Tell me about how
your parents cared for and protected you is a:
psychodynamic clinician. (True Answer )Correct
behavioral clinician. Incorrect
cognitive clinician. Incorrect
sociocultural clinician. Incorrect
1326
The clinician who would be MOST likely to say, Tell me about any
early losses you experienced is a:
psychodynamic clinician. (True Answer )Correct
1327
In general, object relations theorists follow which theoretical
perspective?
cognitive Incorrect
existential Incorrect
1328
Which theoretical model is supported by the finding that monkeys
separated from their mothers at birth show signs of depression?
biochemical Incorrect
cognitive Incorrect
1329
A baby who was separated from its mother at birth, and who
subsequently became withdrawn, sad, and tearful, could be
experiencing:
postpartum depression. Incorrect
posttraumatic depression syndrome. Incorrect
anaclitic depression. (True Answer )Correct
dysthymic depression. Incorrect
1330
Studies show that less than 10 percent of individuals who experience

major losses become depressed. This finding provides what level of
support for a psychodynamic explanation of depression?
almost noneabout 10 percent of adults in the United States
experience some level of clinical depression each year (True Answer )
Correct
someabout 5 percent of adults in the United States experience
some level of clinical depression each year Incorrect
strongabout 2 percent of adults in the United States experience
some level of clinical depression each year Incorrect
very strongonly about 1 percent of adults in the United States
experience some level of clinical depression each year Incorrect
1331
An older person retires and begins experiencing health problems.
Consequently, the person loses contact with old friends and becomes
unpleasant to be around. A behaviorist would explain the resulting
depression in terms of:
object relations loss. Incorrect
sociocultural changes. Incorrect
loss of positive social rewards. (True Answer )Correct
1332
Behaviorists explain the downward spiral of depression by theorizing
that:
depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social
rewards. (True Answer )Correct
depressed people aren't responsive to normal social rewards.
Incorrect
depressed family members give inaccurate self-reports. Incorrect
depressed mood cannot be alleviated by positive experiences.
Incorrect
1333
Francoise is depressed. Her therapist asks her about her daily
experiences, focusing on how often people say nice things to her. Her
therapist MOST likely has a:
cognitive orientation. Incorrect
biological orientation. Incorrect
behavioral orientation. (True Answer )Correct
biochemical orientation. Incorrect
1334
Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that there is a
significant relationship between positive life events and feelings of life
satisfaction and happiness?
cognitive Incorrect
1335
The type of clinician who would be MOST likely to ask, ?What are some
things you enjoy doing, and how often do you do them?? would be a:
psychdynamic clinician. Incorrect
behavioral clinician. (True Answer )Correct
1336
Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's:
negative interpretation of events. (True Answer )Correct
symbolic losses. Incorrect
decrease in positive activities. Incorrect
ethnic background. Incorrect
1337
Which of the following would provide the BEST evidence for the
cognitive explanation for depression?
a finding that people show negative thoughts before they become
depressed (True Answer )Correct
a finding that people show negative thoughts only after they
become depressed Incorrect
a finding that biochemical imbalances lead to both depression and
negative thoughts Incorrect
a finding that social rewards are not related to happiness Incorrect
1338
The individual associated with developing a cognitive theory of
depression based on negative and maladaptive thinking was:
Beck. (True Answer )Correct
Freud. Incorrect
Seligman. Incorrect
Lewinsohn. Incorrect
1339
A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied
to each task she performs. She draws negative conclusions from very
little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws,
and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. You
conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation?
1340
The dean of academic affairs visits a professor's class as part of a
tenure review. At the conclusion of the lecture, the dean exits
hurriedly, without saying a word to the professor. The professor, who is
prone to depression, concludes, The dean hated my class so much he

was too embarrassed to speak to me. This is an example of a(n):
overgeneralization. Incorrect
arbitrary inference. (True Answer )Correct
selective abstraction. Incorrect
magnification and minimization. Incorrect
1341
Which of these statements would NOT reflect a part of the cognitive
triad?
Everyone is out to get me. (True Answer )Correct
Life is just too overwhelming. Incorrect
I don't even want to wake up tomorrow. Incorrect
I just can't go on. Incorrect
1342
Which of these research findings provides the most direct support for
Beck's cognitive theory of depression?
Depressed women make even more errors in logic when interpreting
a paragraph than do nondepressed women. (True Answer )Correct
Lack of social rewards is related to the downward spiral of
Both human infants and infant monkeys show depression-like
symptoms when they are separated from their mothers. Incorrect
Depression is related to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the
brain. Incorrect
1343
Which theoretical orientation would the research finding that
depressed people choose more pessimistic and self-deprecating
statements in a story-telling test demonstrate?
1344
If I'm in a depressed mood and all I do is think about my mood, without
trying to change it, I'm making what kind of response?
helplessness Incorrect
hopelessness Incorrect
ruminative (True Answer )Correct
perseverative Incorrect
1345
All of Beck's cognitively based explanations for depression have
received research support, EXCEPT for:
the cognitive triad. Incorrect
automatic thoughts. Incorrect
maladaptive attitudes. Incorrect
All of these explanations have received research support. (True

Answer )Correct
1346
A friend of yours who has been diagnosed with depression asks you,
I'm concerned about my child; is there anything I should especially
be aware of? Of the following, your BEST
answer would be, Yes, most people with depression don't:
read to their child. (True Answer )Correct
hug or cuddle their child. Incorrect
sing or play music with their child. Incorrect
play with their child. Incorrect
1347
Your aunt says, I know I'm depressed, and I think and worry about my
depression constantly; however, I never actually do anything about it.
She is:
providing an example of the cognitive triad. Incorrect
making ruminative responses. (True Answer )Correct
committing errors in logic. Incorrect
regressing toward the oral stage of development. Incorrect
1348
The person associated with the learned helplessness theory of
depression is:
Beck. Incorrect
Freud. Incorrect
Seligman. (True Answer )Correct
Lewinsohn. Incorrect
1349
Martin Seligman has developed a theory based on the idea that
depression results from:
the loss of a loved one, real or symbolic. Incorrect
negative thinking and maladaptive thoughts. Incorrect
a decrease in the number of positive reinforcements. Incorrect
a belief that one has no control over the events in one's life. (True
Answer )Correct
1350
According to Martin Seligman's theory, who of the following would be
most likely to develop learned helplessness?
someone who had experienced no uncontrollable negative events,
then experienced a controllable negative event. Incorrect
someone who had experienced uncontrollable negative events and
then a controllable negative event. (True Answer )Correct
someone who had experienced controllable negative events, and
then another controllable negative event. Incorrect
someone who had experienced a random sequence of controllable
and uncontrollable events. Incorrect
1351
A woman who was frequently but unpredictably beaten by her husband

was finally taken to a shelter by the police. While there she did not
take advantage of educational and job training opportunities. How
would cognitive theorists explain her behavior?
automatic negative thoughts Incorrect
faulty cognitive triad Incorrect
learned helplessness (True Answer )Correct
arbitrary attribution Incorrect
1352
Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it
is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. A good
explanation for their behavior is:
symbolic (imagined) loss. Incorrect
learned helplessness. (True Answer )Correct
artifact theory. Incorrect
body dissatisfaction. Incorrect
1353
A young woman believes that everything negative that happens to her
is her own fault, that she ruins everything, and always will. The
therapist diagnoses her as suffering from a learned helplessness?
induced depression because she attributes negative events in her life
to:
internal, global, stable factors. (True Answer )Correct
internal specific, stable factors. Incorrect
internal, global, unstable factors. Incorrect
internal, specific, unstable factors. Incorrect
1354
Darius thinks that his poor performance in math was due to a bad
teacher. He also believes that he is good in language-based subjects.
Darius is sure that he will do better in math next year. This is an
example of:
internal, global, and stable attribution. Incorrect
external, global, and stable attribution. Incorrect
internal, specific, and stable attribution. Incorrect
external, specific, and unstable attribution. (True Answer )Correct
1355
Which theoretical orientation would the following research finding
support? Depressed people show an internal/global/stable pattern of
attribution on a questionnaire.
1356
The clinician who would be MOST likely to ask, Do you believe you
will always feel like this in all situations? is a:
psychodynamic clinician. Incorrect

cognitive clinician. (True Answer )Correct
1357
Someone receiving treatment for depression periodically completes an
Attributional Style Questionnaire, which is designed to measure the
therapy's effectiveness. The theoretical orientation of the therapist is
MOST likely:
1358
One who looks at the influence of race, living conditions, marital
status, and roles on the development of depression would MOST likely
represent which theoretical orientation?
cognitive Incorrect
1359
A decrease in social rewards, especially a decrease in social support,
such as the support found in a happy marriage may precede the onset
of depression, providing evidence for which theoretical perspectives?
psychodynamic and cognitive Incorrect
cognitive and behavioral Incorrect
behavioral and sociocultural (True Answer )Correct
sociocultural and biological Incorrect
1360
A recently divorced individual who swears off dating for fear of
experiencing another failed relationship has an increased risk of
developing a depressive disorder, providing direct support for which
theoretical explanation of depression?
psychodynamic and cognitive Incorrect
cognitive and behavioral Incorrect
behavioral and sociocultural (True Answer )Correct
sociocultural and biological Incorrect
1361
The type of clinician who would be MOST likely to say, Tell me about
the quality of mutual support you receive from your marriage is a:
psychodynamic clinician. Incorrect
sociocultural clinician. (True Answer )Correct
1362
In the United States, the highest depression rate is found in:

divorced people. (True Answer )Correct
married people. Incorrect
widowed people. Incorrect
never-married people. Incorrect
1363
After a couple divorced, you learn that one of them is suffering from
depression. MOST likely:
the man's depression led to the divorce. Incorrect
the woman's depression led to the divorce. Incorrect
a troubled marriage led to the depression. (True Answer )Correct
the depression developed after the divorce, due to the stress of
starting to date again. Incorrect
1364
Which of the following statements is NOT generally accurate regarding
gender and depression?
Women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression. Incorrect
Men have less frequent bouts of depression. Incorrect
Women have longer-lasting bouts of depression. Incorrect
Men respond less successfully to therapy for depression. (True
Answer )Correct
1365
Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that
Westerners experience more psychological symptoms of depression
than do others around the world?
cognitive Incorrect
1366
Pierre feels terrible. He is sad, tired, and depressed, but he refuses to
show it. This is consistent with the:
hormone theory. Incorrect
artifact theory. (True Answer )Correct
quality-of-life theory. Incorrect
social pressure. Incorrect
1367
Depression is more common in women because they experience more
taxing life situations, such as poverty and menial jobs, than men. This
is the:
self-blame theory. Incorrect
life-stress theory. (True Answer )Correct
lack-of-control theory. Incorrect
1368
If a study demonstrated that depression is caused by concerns about

one's weight, that finding would provide strong evidence:
against the hormone explanation. Incorrect
for the hormone explanation. Incorrect
against the body dissatisfaction explanation. Incorrect
for the body dissatisfaction explanation. (True Answer )Correct
1369
Artifact theory differs importantly from other sociocultural theories of
depression because it suggests:
women and men are equally likely to develop depression. Incorrect
hormone changes mask the development of depression in women.
Incorrect
concern about body weight can be both a cause and a result of
depression is caused by examining one's feelings too closely.
Incorrect
1370
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding current
theories on gender differences in relation to depression?
They all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have
some research findings they can't explain. (True Answer )Correct
Life stress and body dissatisfaction explanations have substantially
better support than the other explanations. Incorrect
Artifact theory probably will emerge as a dominant explanation.
Incorrect
Rumination theory has almost no support and is on the way out.
Incorrect
1371
A woman in a middle-level manager's job is repeatedly not promoted,
no matter how hard she tries, even though she seems as qualified as
the men who are promoted. If she develops depression as a result of
her work experiences, the theory that BEST easily explains the onset of
her depression is:
hormone theory. Incorrect
lack-of-control theory. (True Answer )Correct
cognitive triad theory. Incorrect
1372
substantially less likely to be diagnosed with depression, and about
as likely to have recurrent episodes. Incorrect
substantially less likely to be diagnosed with depression, and less
likely to have recurrent episodes. Incorrect
about as likely to be diagnosed with depression, and about as likely
to have recurrent episodes. Incorrect
about as likely to be diagnosed with depression, but less likely to

have recurrent episodes. (True Answer )Correct
1373
Of the following, the one MOST likely to be diagnosed with depression
is a:
man from Nigeria who is a new immigrant to the United States.
Incorrect
U.S. woman who has lived all her life on a Native American
reservation. (True Answer )Correct
U.S. boy in his early teens. Incorrect
U.S. woman of Hispanic American heritage. Incorrect
1374
A good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that
it's like:
a roller coasterup and down, up and down. Incorrect
a meteoritea sudden burst of energy that's quickly gone. Incorrect
a power plant's outputsteady, regular energy being produced.
Incorrect
a flash floodspreading out wherever there's room for it to go. (True
Answer )Correct
1375
Of the following, the MOST accurate description of the symptoms of
mania would be that they:
are highly correlated with positive life events. Incorrect
are the same as those of depression (e.g., sadness), but
accompanied by aggressiveness. Incorrect
don't include a sense of the impact of one's actions on others. (True
Answer )Correct
very seldom include physical activity, usually including only mental
activity. Incorrect
1376
People experiencing mania:
are acutely aware of their domineering, excessive behaviors.
Incorrect
want excitement and companionship. (True Answer )Correct
enthusiastically long for new friends, but ignore old friends. Incorrect
enthusiastically look for old friends, but ignore new friends. Incorrect
1377
People who talk rapidly, dress flamboyantly, and get involved in
dangerous activities are showing ______ symptoms of mania.
cognitive Incorrect
emotional Incorrect
1378
A person experiencing mania goes out with friends, looking for

adventure. Additionally, the individual talks loudly, runs rather than
walks, and has given away a lot of money to random people on the
street. These symptoms are primarily:
emotional and cognitive. Incorrect
physical and cognitive. Incorrect
motivational and behavioral. Incorrect
motivational and emotional. (True Answer )Correct
1379
According to the DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms
of a manic episode, EXCEPT:
distractibility. Incorrect
inflated self-esteem. Incorrect
decreased need for sleep. Incorrect
suicidal ideation. (True Answer )Correct
1380
The MOST common cognitive description of someone exhibiting mania
is that the person is:
excessively optimistic, with poor judgment. (True Answer )Correct
excessively optimistic, with normal self-esteem. Incorrect
very coherent, with good judgment. Incorrect
very coherent, with abnormally high self-esteem. Incorrect
1381
On an impulse, David decides to throw a huge party. It takes four days
of round-the-clock work to get everything ready, then David welcomes
over 200 guests. When the police stop by because David has blocked a
public road to have room for the party, he flies into a rage. MOST likely,
David is experiencing:
a manic phase of bipolar II disorder. Incorrect
a manic phase of bipolar I disorder. (True Answer )Correct
a manic phase of cyclothymic disorder. Incorrect
mania. Incorrect
1382
Somene who experiences a half-dozen alternations between mild
mania and major depression within a one-year time span would be
classified as:
bipolar II seasonal. Incorrect
bipolar II rapid cycling. (True Answer )Correct
bipolar I mixed episodes. Incorrect
bipolar I. Incorrect
1383
The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is:
the number of depressive and manic episodes. Incorrect
the severity of the manic episodes. (True Answer )Correct
the number of depressive episodes. Incorrect
the seasonal variation in the episodes. Incorrect
1384
A friend of yours wishes to be a highly creative artist. What is the best
advice you could give your friend regarding mood disorders?
Avoid mood disorders; highly creative people have a lower than
average incidence of them. Incorrect
Severe mania is related to long periods of high creativity.
Incorrect
If you develop a mood disorder, don't get treated, or you'll lose
your creative spark. Incorrect
Mild mood disorders are related to greater creativity than severe
1385
A talented artist is experiencing severe bipolar disorder. In terms of
artistic output only, the BEST thing that artist could do is:
decline all treatment: severe psychological disturbance is related to
better artistic output. Incorrect
decline all treatment: one might lose one's creativity if there were
less psychological disturbance. Incorrect
seek treatment, but only for the depression: mania is essential to
better artistic output. Incorrect
seek treatment: psychological disturbance is not necessary for good
artistic output. (True Answer )Correct
1386
Assume you have a friend who is a talented artist, and has occasional
short-term hypomania. What is the best thing, in terms of being a
creative, productive artist, that your friend could do?
Seek immediate, in-depth treatment; hypomania severely limits
artists. Incorrect
Do nothing; sometimes, hypomania increases artistic creativity and
productivity. (True Answer )Correct
Try, at least occasionally, to feel mildly depressed; cyclothymic
disorder is characteristic of most great artists. Incorrect
Try, at least occasionally, to feel severely depressed; bipolar II
disorder is characteristic of most great artists. Incorrect
1387
Milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as ______ disorder.
hypomanic-depressive Incorrect
dysthymic Incorrect
cyclothymic (True Answer )Correct
manic-depressive Incorrect
1388
A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of
bipolar disorder but does include brief depressive and manic episodes
is called ______ disorder.
dysthymic Incorrect
anhedomic Incorrect
cyclothymic (True Answer )Correct

anxiety Incorrect
1389
A 12-year-old middle-school European-American girl from a middleclass socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I
disorder. Which of her characteristics is MOST unusual for those with
bipolar I disorder diagnosis?
her age (True Answer )Correct
her ethnicity Incorrect
her gender Incorrect
her socioeconomic background Incorrect
1390
If you wanted to be on the cutting edge of research regarding the
causes of bipolar disorders as we understand them today, you would
MOST likely do research on which of the following?
learned helplessness Incorrect
the cognitive triad Incorrect
parentchild patterns of interaction Incorrect
neurotransmitters in the brain (True Answer )Correct
1391
The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST
supports which theoretical perspective?
cognitive Incorrect
1392
Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the
following EXCEPT:
neurotransmitter activity. Incorrect
ion activity. Incorrect
hormonal functioning. (True Answer )Correct
genetic factors. Incorrect
1393
Although initially thought to be due to an excessive amount of a
particular neurotransmitter, mania has been found to be due to low
levels of which neurotransmitter?
dopamine Incorrect
serotonin (True Answer )Correct
acetylcholine Incorrect
norepinephrine Incorrect
1394
Abnormal ion activity has been found in many people suffering from
bipolar disorder. This ion activity is responsible for transmitting
messages:
down the length of a neuron. (True Answer )Correct
from one neuron to another neuron. Incorrect

from a neuron to a muscle or gland. Incorrect
down the length of a muscle. Incorrect
1395
Bipolar disorders have recently been linked to:
GABA depletion. Incorrect
excessive serotonin. Incorrect
improper sodium transport. (True Answer )Correct
excessive neuronal lithium. Incorrect
1396
Studies reporting abnormalities in the basal ganglia of individuals with
bipolar disorder provide the strongest support for which of the
following causes of biopolar disorder?
inappropriate neurotransmitter levels Incorrect
genetic linkage patterns Incorrect
brain structure (True Answer )Correct
ion activity at the cellular level Incorrect
1397
Which of the following risk percentage patterns would BEST support
the influence of genetic factors in explaining bipolar disorder(1) in
the general population, (2) among close relatives of people with bipolar
disorder, and (3) among identical twins of people with bipolar disorder?
10 percent, 10 percent, 10 percent Incorrect
1 percent, 10 percent, 40 percent (True Answer )Correct
1398
Recent research using genetic linkage studies has looked for possible
patterns of inheritance of bipolar disorders. The results suggest that:
there does not appear to be a genetic component in the
development of bipolar disorders. Incorrect
there may be several different genes that establish a predisposition
to develop bipolar disorders. (True Answer )Correct
the close relatives of people with bipolar disorders have an 80
percent chance of having one of these disorders. Incorrect
careful studies in other countries suggest that environmental factors
are of far greater importance than genetic factors in the development
of bipolar disorders. Incorrect
1399
There are several factors related to unipolar depressionreduced
positive reinforcers, gene abnormalities, and life stress, to name a few.
How do these factors relate to depression? The MOST recent research
shows that:
all of these factors working together appear to be responsible for
causing and maintaining depression. Incorrect
most of these factors don't appear to cause or maintain depression

but are simply correlated with depressive symptoms. Incorrect
some factors may cause depression, while other factors may
maintain depression. (True Answer )Correct
depression should in fact usually be considered a disease, rather
than a psychological disorder. Incorrect
1400
If we ultimately find that people with unipolar depression have certain
biochemical characteristics, certain cognitive characteristics, and
certain life stressors, then we will have evidence that:
a single factor causes depression. Incorrect
different factors cause depression in different people. Incorrect
an interaction between factors causes depression. (True Answer )
Correct
different factors are related to the cause, course, and treatment of
1401
Of the following statements, which is accurate, based on current
research?
Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder both have several
important factors. Incorrect
Unipolar depression has one major factor; bipolar disorder has
several important factors. Incorrect
Unipolar depression has several important factors; bipolar disorder
has one major factor. (True Answer )Correct
Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder have one major factor.
Incorrect
1058
For the following aspects of Munchausen syndrome, list DSM-5 criteria
for diagnosis; populations prone to developing the disorder; causes of
the disorder. Additionally, list DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis; discuss
reasons the disorder occurs and why is it is difficult to diagnose.
1059
Which do you think is generally the MORE serious type of disorder-conversion disorder or somatic symptom disorder/predominant pain
pattern? Include why you think this is the case. Additionally, discuss
the causes of these disorders.
1060
A therapist is diagnosing a patient with a somatic symptom disorder.
What are the possible symptoms the therapist has observed in coming
up with this diagnosis? Additionally, list DSM-5 criteria used in making
this diagnosis.
1061
A therapist is diagnosing a patient with a somatic symptom disorder.

What are the possible symptoms the therapist has observed in coming
up with this diagnosis? Additionally, list DSM-5 criteria used in making
this diagnosis.
1062
Explain the psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive explanations for
the development (cause) of conversion and somatic symptom
disorders.
1063
You are listening to recordings of two therapy sessions of individuals
experiencing somatic symptom disorder. In one session,
psychodynamic therapy is being used, while behavior therapy is being
used in the other. Make a list of what you would hear being discussed
in each recording that would demonstrate that the therapy being used
was psychodynamic or behavioral. Additionally, what are other ways
therapists would treat this disorder?
1064
What differentiates illness anxiety disorder from traditional
psychophysiological disorders? List two forms of therapy that might
prove effective with someone experiencing illness anxiety disorder.
1065
Discuss the characteristics of dissociative amnesia and dissociative
fugue. Also, include the similarities and differences between the two.
1066
From what you have studied in this course, do you think repressed
childhood memories that supposedly are brought to light through
intensive psychotherapy ought to be allowed as evidence in criminal
trials involving, for example, physical or sexual child abuse? Or do you
think that what is really involved is what some have called false
memory syndrome? Please provide empirical evidence to support your
answer.
1067
Describe and provide examples of the three ways in which alternate
personalities might interact in someone experiencing dissociative
identity disorder.
1068
Describe in detail how treatment for dissociative identity disorder
might differ from treatment for dissociative amnesia or for dissociative
fugue.

1069
Describe the characteristics of depersonalization-derealization disorder.
What events are likely to cause it and why?
1070
A disorder involving an apparent, but not actual physical illness is
called ______.
factitious disorder, somatic symptom disorder, or
conversion disorder (True Answer )
*
1071
People with ______, travel from hospital to hospital, gaining admission
and receiving treatment for symptoms they caused intentionally
themselves.
factitious disorder, Munchausen syndrome (True Answer )
*
1072
The form of factitious disorder caused when a caregiver induces
symptoms in a child is called ______.
Munchausen syndrome by proxy (True Answer )
*
1073
Beauregard saw his parents killed and the next morning he could not
see. This is an example of a(n)______.
conversion disorder (True Answer )
*
1074
One of the dangers of a diagnosis of conversion disorder is that the
mysterious origins of the patient's symptoms may actually be ______.
genuine medical problems (True Answer )
*
1075
From a psychodynamic perspective, people whose symptoms keep
their internal conflicts from emerging into consciousness achieve ______
gain.
primary (True Answer )
*
1076
Freud's view was that hysteria stemmed from an unresolved ______.
Electra complex (True Answer )
*
1077
A person whose symptoms fulfill some external need (such as avoiding
something unpleasant) is achieving ______ gain.
secondary (True Answer )
*
1078
From a psychodynamic perspective, people whose symptoms keep
their internal conflicts from emerging into consciousness
achieve ______ gain.
primary (True Answer )
*
1079
People who suffer from ______ unrealistically and fearfully interpret
relatively minor physical discomforts as signs of serious illness.
hypochondriasis, illness anxiety disorder (True Answer )
*
1080
Eleanor thinks she has horribly ugly hair (in fact, she doesn't). She will
not be seen in public without a scarf over her head. She suffers from
______ disorder.
body dysmorphic (True Answer )
*
1081
Our ______ is our sense of who we are, and where we fit in our
environment.
identity (True Answer )
*
1082
One's identity is based in part on one's ______ which links the past, the
present, and the future.
memory (True Answer )
*
1083
An individual with ______ displays two or more distinct personalities and
periodically switches from one to another.
dissociative identity disorder, multiple personality disorder (True
Answer )
*
1084
Dissociative amnesia characterized by the loss of memory of events
that occurred within a limited period following a traumatic episode is
called ______ amnesia
localized, circumscribed (True Answer )
*
1085
Dissociative amnesia characterized by forgetting, for a short time,
some but not all events following a traumatic episode is called ______.
selective (True Answer )
*
1086
Dissociative amnesia characterized by forgetting, for a limited period

of time, some but not all events both preceding and following a
traumatic episode is called ______ amnesia.
generalized (True Answer )
*
1087
In dissociative amnesia, the forgotten period is called the ______ .
amnestic episode (True Answer )
*
1088
Dissociative amnesia characterized by forgetting that extends
indefinitely following a traumatic episode is called _______ amnesia.
continuous (True Answer )
*
1089
Quinn has forgotten who he is. He has fled to a different location from
the one he has been living in and is wandering around aimlessly. After
a few hours, he comes to and discovers his strange surroundings.
Unable to recall how he got there or what he has been doing, Quinn
appears to be suffering from ______.
dissociative fugue (True Answer )
*
1090
The primary difference between dissociative amnesia and dissociative
fugue is _____.
physical flight (True Answer )
*
1091
Calvin suffers from multiple personality disorder. He has three distinct
identities: young Hank, Hermione, and middle-aged Cal. Hank knows
about Hermione and Cal, but they do not know of the existence of each
other or of Hank. This relationship is known as ______ amnesic.
one-way (True Answer )
*
1092
In people with dissociative identity disorder, there are sometimes
personalities that are aware of the existence of the others, but they
themselves remain unknown to some of the identities. The
personalities that know of others are called
______.
co-conscious (True Answer )
*
1093
Some researchers argue that dissociative identity disorder and the
existence of alternative personalities are unintentionally produced by
therapists during therapy. Such cases are called ______.
iatrogenic (True Answer )

*
1094
Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders represent
an extreme use of the defense mechanism called ______ .
repression (True Answer )
*
1095
When people learn something in a particular situation or condition,
they are more likely to recall this information when in the same
situation or condition. This phenomenon is called ______.
state-dependent learning (True Answer )
*
1096
Dissociative amnesia is the result of experiencing an arousal state of
extreme anxiety during an upsetting event and then being unable to
recall the event during a later state of calm. This statement describes
the ______ view of dissociative disorders.
state-dependent (True Answer )
*
1097
The treatment used to help people recall forgotten events with guided
suggestions is called ______.
hypnotic therapy or hypnotherapy (True Answer )
*
1098
One who experiences a feeling of mindbody separation, and distorted
senses is experiencing ______.
depersonalization disorder, transient depersonalization (True Answer
)
*
1099
Just before debuting at Carnegie Hall, the pianist suffered paralysis of
her left hand. Which of the following BEST describes her disorder?
conversion disorder (True Answer )Correct
somatization disorder Incorrect
pain disorder associated with psychological factors Incorrect
preoccupation disorder Incorrect
1100
A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining
of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg
and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms.
She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be
psychological. The diagnosis would be:
malingering. Incorrect
factitious disorder. Incorrect
conversion disorder. (True Answer )Correct

preoccupation disorder. Incorrect
1101
Abnormalities that are thought to have both biological and
psychological causes are:
factitious disorders. Incorrect
somatoform disorders. (True Answer )Correct
psychogenic disorders. Incorrect
psychological factors affecting one's medical condition. Incorrect
1102
Which of the following is an example of malingering?
intentionally faking a back problem to avoid military service (True
Answer )Correct
intentionally faking an illness because one likes being a patient
Incorrect
experiencing chest pains in response to intense stress Incorrect
enjoying unnecessary medical tests Incorrect
1103
Which of the following is TRUE about factitious disorders?
Those with factitious disorder are not trying to achieve some
external gain by faking illness. (True Answer )Correct
Those with factitious disorders do not intentionally create
illness. Incorrect
Those with factitious disorder have no control over their behavior.
Incorrect
Those with factitious disorder do not want to assume the sick role.
Incorrect
1104
A man appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody
diarrhea. The doctor who examined him found that the man was
intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and
anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. The man is MOST
likely:
experiencing a psychophysical disorder. Incorrect
experiencing a somatic disorder. Incorrect
experiencing a factitious disorder. (True Answer )Correct
1105
Having a background in medicine, but also a grudge against the
profession, puts a person at risk for:
a factitious disorder. (True Answer )Correct
body dysmorphic disorder. Incorrect
amnesia conversion disorder. Incorrect
somatic symptom disorder. Incorrect
1106
Someone who has Munchausen syndrome, also by definition, has:
Munchausen by proxy. Incorrect

dissociative identity disorder. Incorrect
1107
A woman complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You
think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms in
order to appear sick, which fills some psychological need. You would
diagnose:
factitious disorder. (True Answer )Correct
generalized anxiety disorder. Incorrect
psychophysical disorder. Incorrect
1108
Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with
internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Sarah
caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, because of a need
to gain attention and praise for her devoted care of her sick child. If
this assessment is
correct, Sarah would be diagnosed as having:
Munchausen syndrome by proxy. (True Answer )Correct
1109
If a chronically ill child was removed from home and placed in foster
care, and then became quite healthy, one might suspect that the
parent (usually the mother) was experiencing:
a psychophysical disorder. Incorrect
a somatoform disorder. Incorrect
1110
Munchausen syndrome is a:
somatoform disorder. Incorrect
factitious disorder. (True Answer )Correct
psychophysical disorder. Incorrect
1111
Munchausen syndrome by proxy is MOST likely to adversely affect the
physical well-being of:
the child of the person experiencing it. (True Answer )Correct
1112
Which of the following is a MAIN characteristic of an individual with
Munchausen syndrome by proxy?
psychotic Incorrect
independent Incorrect
emotionally needy (True Answer )Correct
limited intelligence and education Incorrect
1113
Conversion disorders are more common in:
women than men. (True Answer )Correct
men than women. Incorrect
the middle-aged than the young. Incorrect
the elderly than the middle-aged. Incorrect
1114
Conversion disorders most often appear in:
childhood. Incorrect
adolescence. (True Answer )Correct
middle adulthood. Incorrect
late adulthood. Incorrect
1115
If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over a
period of time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the
diagnosis would likely be:
somatization disorder. (True Answer )Correct
psychophysiological disorder. Incorrect
1116
Madeline appeared at the clinic complaining of pain in her knee,
shoulder, and abdomen, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, and
exhaustion. The patient history revealed that she had been going to
clinics for years trying to get treatment for these complaints and a host
of other physical symptoms. The diagnostic consensus was that
Madeline suffered from:
factitious disorder Incorrect
somatization disorder. (True Answer )Correct
body dysmorphic disorder Incorrect
1117
A person experiencing blindness, paralysis, or loss of feeling, may also
be said to be displaying:
pain disorder. Incorrect
selective symptomatology. Incorrect
conversion disorder. (True Answer )Correct
1118
Which of the following is likely to be useful in distinguishing conversion
or somatic symptom disorders from true medical problems?
the particular body part showing the symptom Incorrect
the failure of a condition to develop as expected (True Answer )
Correct
the patient's description of the source of the symptoms Incorrect
the patient's experiencing the usual course of development for the

physical symptoms characteristic of the condition Incorrect
1119
Which of the following would lead you to suspect someone has a
conversion disorder rather than is exhibiting medical symptoms?
muscle atrophy in the paralyzed body part Incorrect
uniform and even numbness in the damaged hand (True Answer )
Correct
symptoms consistent with the way the neurological system is known
to work Incorrect
a great number of accidents and an inability, in a blind person, to
get around Incorrect
1120
The patient had several surgeries over the years for vague and
nonspecific sexual reproductive problems, visiting many of the top
hospitals in the East during the course of treatment. The BEST
diagnosis for this disorder is:
somatic symptom disorder. (True Answer )Correct
pain disorder associated with psychological factors. Incorrect
1121
Somatic symptom disorders differ from conversion disorders in that:
conversion disorders usually last less time. (True Answer )Correct
conversion disorders usually begin later in life than somatic
symptom disorders. Incorrect
conversion disorders are more common than somatic symptom
disorders in the United States. Incorrect
conversion disorders are more common in men, while somatic
symptom disorders are more common in women. Incorrect
1122
A patient with a heart condition complained of adhesions from his
postoperative scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be
hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the
symptoms. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is:
somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern). Incorrect
somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern). (True
Answer )Correct
1123
A woman has experienced a wide range of vague but disturbing
physical symptoms over a period of several years. Doctors cannot find
a cause for the problems; medically, the woman appears normal.
Based on this information, the BEST diagnosis would be:
somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern). (True Answer )

Correct
somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern). Incorrect
conversion disorder (somatization pattern). Incorrect
conversion disorder (predominant pain pattern). Incorrect
1124
The relationship between gender and somatic symptom disorder
generally is that:
more men than women are diagnosed with both somatization
pattern and predominant pain pattern forms of somatic symptom
disorder. Incorrect
more women than men are diagnosed with both somatization
pattern and predominant pain pattern forms of somatic symptom
more men than women are diagnosed with somatization pattern, but
more women than men are diagnosed with predominant pain pattern
forms of somatic symptom disorder. Incorrect
more women than men are diagnosed with somatization pattern, but
more men than women are diagnosed with predominant pain pattern
forms of somatic symptom disorder. Incorrect
1125
A woman has close female relatives diagnosed with a somatization
pattern of somatic symptom disorder. According to research, her
probability of being diagnosed with the same disorder is about:
1126
An individual develops somatic symptom disorder after a near-fatal car
crash. The diagnosis:
is unlikely to be either somatization pattern or predominant pain
pattern. Incorrect
is about equally likely to be somatization pattern or predominant
pain pattern. Incorrect
is more likely to be somatization pattern than predominant pain
pattern. Incorrect
is less likely to be somatization pattern than predominant pain
pattern. (True Answer )Correct
1127
About what percentage of American men experience a somatic
symptom disorder in a given year?
less than 1percent (True Answer )Correct
1 to 2 percent Incorrect
3 to 4 percent Incorrect
over 5 percent Incorrect
1128
If you looked in Jeanette's medicine cabinet, you would find dozens of
prescriptions and even more over-the-counter medications. Every time
she sneezes, Jeanette is sure she has the latest deadly flu, although no
physician has ever found anything wrong with her. Jeanette probably
suffers from:
Munchausen syndrome. Incorrect
somatic symptom disorder. (True Answer )Correct
1129
In the latter half of the nineteenth century, a person who today is
diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder would MOST likely have
been diagnosed with:
Freudian syndrome. Incorrect
pseudopsychological syndrome. Incorrect
Briquet's syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
referenced pain syndrome. Incorrect
1130
Freud believed that hysterical symptoms:
were rooted in the oral stage. Incorrect
enabled people to avoid unpleasant activities. (True Answer )Correct
were medical problems that needed medical, not psychological
were more common in men than women. Incorrect
1131
Which statement BEST reflects our understanding of hysterical
disorders?
Hysterical disorders are explained similarly to how anxiety disorders
are explained. Incorrect
Currently, hysterical disorders are thought to be due to a
wandering uterus. Incorrect
Hysterical disorder symptoms appear to be particularly resistant to
hypnosis. Incorrect
The causes of hysterical disorders are poorly understood, with no
theory predominant in aiding understanding. (True Answer )Correct
1132
Disorders that represent the conversion of conflicts and anxiety into
physical symptoms would include:
phobia disorders. Incorrect
dissociative disorders. Incorrect
psychophysiological disorders. Incorrect
conversion disorders. (True Answer )Correct
1133
According to the psychodynamic view, conversion disorder symptoms

function to keep unacceptable thoughts and conflicts out of
consciousness. This is called:
sociocultural stress. Incorrect
primary gain. (True Answer )Correct
reinforcement. Incorrect
secondary gain. Incorrect
1134
If a therapist believed that a person was displaying conversion disorder
symptoms because the symptoms helped the person avoid unpleasant
situations, you would think that the therapist was:
a cognitive theorist or a behaviorist. Incorrect
a cognitive theorist or a psychoanalyst. Incorrect
a psychoanalyst or a behaviorist. (True Answer )Correct
a cognitive theorist, a behaviorist, or a psychoanalyst. Incorrect
1135
It was convenient when Rowena awoke blind. She had been terrified
about testifying and now she did not have to. This is an example of:
repression. (True Answer )Correct
primary gain. Incorrect
secondary gain. Incorrect
1136
A woman who is particularly threatened by any display of anger
becomes unable to speak when she is most angry with her husband,
thereby keeping the anger out of her awareness. According to
psychodynamic theorists, she is achieving ______ from her illness.
primary gain (True Answer )Correct
secondary gain Incorrect
tertiary gain Incorrect
no gain Incorrect
1137
If a man's behavior elicited kindness and sympathy from his wife when
he was mute, he would be receiving ______ gains from his behavior.
primary Incorrect
secondary (True Answer )Correct
tertiary Incorrect
no Incorrect
1138
Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school.
Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head
pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not
do. This is a ______ explanation of conversion symptoms.
cognitive Incorrect
cultural Incorrect
1139
It's obvious that the patient observed friends who had symptoms of
illness, then imitated those symptoms to get attention, says the
therapist. MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical perspective?
cognitive Incorrect
1140
The first time the patient reported vague chest pains to 911, local EMTs
responded with obvious attention and concern. Over the next several
months, the patient called 911 more and more often, receiving the
same concerned care for the same symptoms. This pattern of patient
response is MOST easily explained by which theoretical perspective?
cognitive Incorrect
1141
If you were a therapist with a behavioral view, which of the following
questions would you be MOST likely to ask someone you suspected
might have a somatic symptom disorder?
What underlying conflict do you think might have caused your
symptoms? Incorrect
Do you think drug therapy would help you deal with the physical
symptoms? Incorrect
Has any friend of yours had similar symptoms recently? (True
Answer )Correct
What are you thinking about when you experience your
symptoms? Incorrect
1142
The MAIN criticism of the behavioral and psychodynamic explanations
for the maintenance of hysterical disorders is that:
they focus too much on the gains the patients receives from the
disorder. Incorrect
they fail to take into account the gains the patient receives from the
disorder. Incorrect
they confuse the ideas of gain and reward. Incorrect
they can't explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the
1143
That people with somatic symptom disorders use their symptoms to
express emotions they cannot easily express otherwise reflects the:
cognitive view. (True Answer )Correct
behavioral view. Incorrect
humanistic view. Incorrect

psychodynamic view. Incorrect
1144
A cognitive theorist would be MOST likely to say which of the following
about hysterical disorders?
The patient is receiving secondary gains from the symptoms.
Incorrect
The patient is unable to express any emotion except anxiety.
Incorrect
The patient is being rewarded for behaving in this way. Incorrect
The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions.
1145
Residents of Japan are more likely than residents of the United States
to show higher rates of somatic complaints, MOST likely reflecting:
higher levels of the emotions that produce somatization. Incorrect
the effects of living in a collectivist culture. Incorrect
a Western bias that sees somatization as an inferior way to handle
emotions. (True Answer )Correct
an Asian bias to celebrate somatization as the only real response
to emotion. Incorrect
1146
An individual who has been diagnosed with a somatic symptom
disorder would MOST likely first seek:
psychological help. Incorrect
medical help. (True Answer )Correct
both psychological and medical help. Incorrect
neither psychological nor medical help. Incorrect
1147
A therapist treating an individual with a conversion disorder works to
reduce pleasurable outcomes associated with being sick, while
increasing pleasurable outcomes associated with being well. This
technique is called:
confrontation. Incorrect
reinforcement. (True Answer )Correct
suggestion. Incorrect
posthypnotic suggestion. Incorrect
1148
Albert had finally had enough of his inability to walk, and he went to a
psychologist who told him there was nothing medically wrong with him.
The therapist was using the treatment approach of:
insight. Incorrect
suggestion. Incorrect
confrontation. (True Answer )Correct
1149
Based on evidence from case studies, the BEST advice you could give
someone who is experiencing a conversion disorder about seeking
treatment is:
Be very wary of taking antidepressants; they don't work with this
disorder. Incorrect
Confrontation therapy is the treatment of choice. Incorrect
Approaches using suggestion, reinforcement, and
confrontation are often used. (True Answer )Correct
Family therapy has been most heavily researched and seems to
show the most promise. Incorrect
1150
Behavioral therapists treating a conversion disorder would be MOST
likely to focus on:
identifying underlying emotional causes for the disorder. Incorrect
helping the patient gain insight into how the disorder is reinforcing.
Incorrect
reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder. (True
Answer )Correct
replacing the primary gain with a secondary gain. Incorrect
1151
Imagine someone gets hit in the nose by a batted ball. The latest
research suggests that swearing will:
not reduce pain because the pain is real, not factitious. Incorrect
not reduce pain because the pain is real, not somatoform. Incorrect
reduce pain. (True Answer )Correct
reduce pain only if the person is used to swearing a lot. Incorrect
1152
It seems to me that people with illness anxiety disorder simply model
what they see others doing. A person with which theoretical view
would be MOST likely to say this?
cognitive Incorrect
1153
A therapist treating a client with illness anxiety disorder repeatedly
shows the client how the client's body is less than perfect, while not
allowing the client to seek medical attention. MOST likely, the
therapist's viewpoint is:
behavioral, and the therapy is called exposure and response
prevention. (True Answer )Correct
psychodynamic, and the therapy is called exposure and response
prevention. Incorrect
cognitive, and the therapy is called rational-emotive therapy.
Incorrect
sociocultural, and the therapy is called rational-emotive therapy.

Incorrect
1154
Increasingly concerned about my minor heartbeat irregularities, I think
that my health is being threatened, and more and more often I
misinterpret my body's normal signals. Which viewpoint BEST explains
my experiences?
1155
When I took abnormal psychology as an undergraduate, I was
convinced I had symptoms of many of the earlier disorders we covered.
As soon as we moved on to new disorders, though, I was convinced I
had some of their symptoms, as well. My experiences were similar to
those of some people with a form of illness anxiety disorder sometimes
called:
?hypersymptomatic syndrome.? Incorrect
?medical student's disease.? (True Answer )Correct
?pseudo-Munchausen syndrome.? Incorrect
?psychosomatic disorder.? Incorrect
1156
According to DSM-5, body dysmorphic disorder is MOST closely related
to which other psychological disorder?
posttraumatic stress disorder Incorrect
depressive disorder Incorrect
conversion disorder Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive disorder (True Answer )Correct
1157
Imagine that you have a body dysmorphic disorder centered around
your feet. Your therapist keeps reminding you of your ugly feet and
makes you wear sandals. What sort of treatment is your therapist
MOST likely using?
placebo Incorrect
psychodynamic interpretation Incorrect
rational-emotive Incorrect
exposure and response prevention (True Answer )Correct
1158
If you were receiving the most effective medication for body
dysmorphic disorder, you would be receiving a(n):
antianxiety medication. Incorrect
weight control medication. Incorrect
antidepressant medication. (True Answer )Correct
medication designed to improve memory. Incorrect
1159
A person diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder receives treatment

based upon exposure and response prevention. The person could
reasonably expect to experience:
little, if any, improvement of any kind. Incorrect
less concern about physical defects, but continued avoidance of
social interactions. Incorrect
continued concern about physical defects, but less avoidance of
social interactions. Incorrect
less concern about physical defects, and less avoidance of social
interactions. (True Answer )Correct
1160
Our expectations, values, and goals combine to form our:
memory. Incorrect
values. Incorrect
identity. (True Answer )Correct
ego ideal. Incorrect
1161
A person experiencing multiple personalities would MOST accurately be
diagnosed with dissociative:
identity disorder. (True Answer )Correct
fugue. Incorrect
amnesia. Incorrect
1162
If you had lost your sense of identity, which of the following would
MOST likely be disrupted?
your relationships Incorrect
your intellectual functioning Incorrect
your attitudes toward your body Incorrect
your memory (True Answer )Correct
1163
Dissociative disorders:
involve major changes in memory. (True Answer )Correct
usually have a precise physical cause. Incorrect
are a type of anxiety disorder. Incorrect
involve multiple personalities by definition. Incorrect
1164
Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant
alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of
the identity from another part?
mood disorder Incorrect
personality disorder Incorrect
dissociative disorder (True Answer )Correct
histrionic personality disorder Incorrect
1165
An individual has been diagnosed with a dissociative disorder.

However, the individual has very good recall of previous life events,
and has a strong sense of self. The MOST likely diagnosis for this
individual is:
dissociative amnesia. Incorrect
multiple identity disorder. Incorrect
dissociative fugue. Incorrect
depersonalization disorder. (True Answer )Correct
1166
A feeling of detachment from oneself could be diagnosed as PTSD or
depersonalization disorder. How would one decide which diagnosis is
BEST?
by considering how long it had been going on Incorrect
by considering which symptoms predominated (True Answer )
Correct
by considering the type of stress the person had endured Incorrect
by considering which form of treatment worked best Incorrect
1167
People who are unable to recall important information about
themselves, especially of an upsetting nature, are MOST likely
experiencing:
depersonalization. Incorrect
dissociative amnesia. (True Answer )Correct
the placebo response. Incorrect
1168
In the MOST common type of dissociative amnesia, a person loses
memory for:
some but not all the events surrounding the trauma. Incorrect
all events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of
time. (True Answer )Correct
all events from the trauma onward. Incorrect
all events before and after the trauma. Incorrect
1169
After a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors
shuffling confusedly through the ruined buildings. If such victims later
could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the
victims would be suffering from
what type of amnesia?
continuous Incorrect
selective Incorrect
posttraumatic Incorrect
localized (True Answer )Correct
1170
Mary Ann experiences a mugging and robbery in which her poodle is
kidnapped. Eventually the dog is found and returned. However, she is
unable to recall events immediately following the attack, up until the

safe return of the dog. This is a classic example of:
selective amnesia. Incorrect
localized amnesia. (True Answer )Correct
continuous amnesia. Incorrect
generalized amnesia. Incorrect
1171
Gwendolyn is held up at knifepoint and her young son is kidnapped.
Eventually, her son is found and returned. However, she is unable to
recall events that occurred since the attack, although she remembers
some new experiences; worse still, she finds that she is forgetting
events that occurred even before the attack. This is a classic example
of:
localized amnesia. Incorrect
generalized amnesia. (True Answer )Correct
1172
Carlotta is attacked in the street and her young daughter is kidnapped.
Eventually, the police find her daughter and she is returned to her
mother. However, Carlotta is unable to recall events that have occurred
since the attack. She is even unable to retain new information; she
remembers what happened before the attack but cannot remember
new and ongoing experiences. This is a classic example of:
localized amnesia. Incorrect
continuous amnesia. (True Answer )Correct
1173
Ever since the auto accident, during which she was miraculously
unhurt, Pat has not been the same. She forgets appointments, friends'
names, and even things done in the last few days. Pat's amnesia is
termed:
continuous. (True Answer )Correct
organic. Incorrect
circumscribed. Incorrect
selective. Incorrect
1174
Combat veterans are MOST likely to report symptoms of
localized amnesia. (True Answer )Correct
1175
A person, years after committing a serious crime, is found living under
a false identity over 1,000 miles from where the person used to live.
The person's memory of the crime, and of other earlier events, is

intact. Most likely this is a case of:
dissociative identity (multiple personality) disorder. Incorrect
no mental disorder. (True Answer )Correct
1176
A personality change that often accompanies dissociative fugues is
that people become:
more withdrawn. Incorrect
more outgoing. (True Answer )Correct
more inhibited. Incorrect
more histrionic in their emotional reactions. Incorrect
1177
Dissociative fugues usually:
follow a stressful event. (True Answer )Correct
end very gradually. Incorrect
have numerous recurrences. Incorrect
involve irrecoverable memory loss. Incorrect
1178
Of the following alternatives, which is best for differentiating
dissociative amnesia from dissociative fugue?
Those with dissociative fugue change where they live. (True
Answer )Correct
Those with dissociative amnesia often develop amnesia without
experiencing an upsetting event. Incorrect
Those with dissociative fugue experience a loss of semantic, rather
than episodic knowledge. Incorrect
Those with dissociative amnesia experience a loss of semantic,
rather than episodic, knowledge. Incorrect
1179
Which of the following is not an example of memory recovery
techniques used by therapists?
hypnosis Incorrect
journal writing Incorrect
imagining the event (True Answer )Correct
dream interpretation Incorrect
1180
An individual who had suffered from dissociative fugue likely would
have experienced all of the following EXCEPT:
relatively few aftereffects. Incorrect
a recurrence of the problem months or years later. (True Answer )
Correct
a fairly sudden ending to the dissociative fugue state. Incorrect
a traumatic event. Incorrect
1181
Of the following disorders, the one for which an individual would least
likely need therapy to avoid a recurrence and to recover lost memories
is:
depersonalization disorder. Incorrect
dissociative fugue. (True Answer )Correct
1182
A client who is talking calmly and rationally all of a sudden begins
whining and complaining like a spoiled child. If that client suffers from
true dissociative identity disorder, the client just experienced:
host transfer. Incorrect
mutual cognizance. Incorrect
lability. Incorrect
switching. (True Answer )Correct
1183
A person with dissociative identity disorder has just experienced
switching. Which of the following MOST likely has happened?
The host personality has put in a relatively rare appearance.
Incorrect
The person has faked a change in personality. Incorrect
Two subpersonalities rapidly changed back and forth several times.
Incorrect
The person has changed from one subpersonality to another. (True
Answer )Correct
1184
One who suffers from dissociative identity disorder is MOST likely to be
a:
man who was physically abused as a child. Incorrect
woman who was physically abused as a child. (True Answer )Correct
man who was not physically abused as a child. Incorrect
woman who was not physically abused as a child. Incorrect
1185
Alexis has multiple personality disorder. When one of her personalities,
Jodi, is asked about another one, Tom, she claims ignorance. Tom has
never heard of Jodi either. This would be called a:
co-conscious relationship. Incorrect
mutually cognizant pattern. Incorrect
one-way amnesic relationship. Incorrect
mutually amnesic relationship. (True Answer )Correct
1186
When all of the subpersonalities in a person with dissociative identity
disorder are aware of one another, it is termed a:
mutually cognizant pattern. (True Answer )Correct
mutually amnesic relationship. Incorrect

1187
Raymond has multiple personality disorder. All of his subpersonalities
talk about and tattle on each other. This is called a:
co-conscious relation. Incorrect
mutually cognizant pattern. (True Answer )Correct
1188
In a case of multiple personality, Pat is aware of the existence of
Jerry and Chris, but Jerry and Chris are not aware of the
existence of the other personalities. This form of subpersonality
relationship is called:
one-way amnesic. (True Answer )Correct
mutually cognizant. Incorrect
mutually amnesic. Incorrect
co-conscious. Incorrect
1189
Juanita has multiple personality disorder. Big Tony and Smart Alice are
two personalities who are aware of all of the others. None of her other
personalities are aware of each other. This would be called a:
mutually cognizant pattern. Incorrect
one-way amnesic relationship. (True Answer )Correct
1190
Jason has dissociative identity disorder. Fat Freddy and Carmen are two
personalities who are aware of all of the others, but do not interact
with them. Fat Freddy and Carmen would be described as:
self-reliant. Incorrect
co-occurring. Incorrect
co-conscious. (True Answer )Correct
mutually cognizant. Incorrect
1191
Modern studies suggest that the average number of subpersonalities in
cases of multiple personality in women is about:
8, and is lower for men. Incorrect
8, and is higher for men. Incorrect
15, and is lower for men. (True Answer )Correct
15, and is higher for men. Incorrect
1192
An individual who formerly knew how to speak a foreign language and
play a musical instrument can no longer remember how to as a result
of a dissociative disorder. The dissociative disorder MOST likely is:
dissociative identity. (True Answer )Correct

Such memories are affected about equally by the dissociative
1193
The best example of the subpersonalities in dissociative identity
disorder differing in their vital statistics occurs when:
one personality can drive or sew and another cannot. Incorrect
one personality has asthma and another does not. Incorrect
one personality has high blood pressure and another does not.
Incorrect
one personality is a woman and another is a man. (True
Answer )Correct
1194
Research on evoked potential with people with dissociative identity
disorder has revealed that:
different subpersonalities have shown different brain response
patterns. (True Answer )Correct
people with dissociative identity disorder did not show different
brain response patterns for subpersonalities. Incorrect
no differences were found in brain activity between controls and
individuals with dissociative identity disorder. Incorrect
control subjects who were asked to pretend they had different
personalities were able to create different brain response patterns for
each subpersonality. Incorrect
1195
One very interesting study investigated the physiological responses of
subpersonalities of those with dissociative identity disorder, and the
physiological responses of the subpersonalities of those instructed
to fake dissociative identity disorder. The study showed that the
physiological responses of subpersonalities of those with dissociative
identity disorder:
differed from one another, as did those of the subpersonalities of
those faking dissociative identity disorder. Incorrect
differed from one another, but the subpersonalities of those faking
dissociative identity disorder did not. (True Answer )Correct
did not differ from one another, although the subpersonalities of
those faking dissociative identity disorder did differ. Incorrect
did not differ from one another, nor did the subpersonalities of those
faking dissociative identity disorder. Incorrect
1196
How do results from evoked potential studies support the idea of the
existence of multiple personalities?
Evoked potentials can be elicited iatrogenically by therapists.
Incorrect
Different subpersonalities have been found to show different brain
wave patterns. (True Answer )Correct
Nonpatients are able to fake results just like those diagnosed with
multiple personalities. Incorrect
Only those with traumatic backgrounds produce evoked potentials.
Incorrect
1197
In the United States, the number of diagnosed cases per year of
dissociative identity disorder:
has increased. (True Answer )Correct
has decreased. Incorrect
first increased, then decreased. Incorrect
first decreased, then increased. Incorrect
1198
To what can we attribute much of the dramatic rise in the number of
reported cases of dissociative identity disorder in recent years?
less strict criteria for defining schizophrenia Incorrect
a growing belief that most cases of this disorder are iatrogenic
Incorrect
a growing belief by clinicians that this is an authentic disorder (True
Answer )Correct
the growing belief by clinicians that many women suffer from this
disorder Incorrect
1199
In the past, dissociative identity disorder was most likely
misdiagnosed as:
1200
A psychodynamic theorist would use repression as the chief
explanation for all dissociative disorders except:
A psychodynamic theorist would use repression as the chief
explanation for dissociative identity disorder, dissociative fugue, and
1201
Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias and fugues
result from:
projection. Incorrect
regression. Incorrect
repression. (True Answer )Correct
sublimation. Incorrect
1202
Of the following statements, which is the one providing the most

persuasive argument against a psychodynamic explanation for
dissociative identity disorder?
Hardly any case studies support a psychodynamic explanation.
Incorrect
Repression cannot be used to explain the disorder. Incorrect
Most abused children don't develop the disorder. (True Answer )
Correct
Psychodynamic therapists do not even attempt to treat the disorder.
Incorrect
1203
An abused child's thoughts occasionally drift to other, less anxietyarousing, topics; this anxiety reduction thus serves to strengthen
'other' thoughts, while weakening the thoughts about abuse. A
psychologist with which theoretical background would be most likely to
offer this quotation as an explanation for the development of
dissociative disorders?
1204
In addition to failing to explain why some people who experience
severe trauma do not develop dissociative disorders, behavioral
theorists also have the MOST difficulty explaining how:
reinforcement is related to the onset of the disorder. Incorrect
temporary escape from painful memories grows into a complex
therapists could iatrogenically cause the disorder. Incorrect
operant conditioning is related to the disorder. Incorrect
1205
Which of the following hypotheses used to explain dissociative
disorders is shared by psychodynamic and behavioral theorists?
They serve to help someone escape something unpleasant. (True
Answer )Correct
The attempts at forgetting are purposeful from the beginning.
Incorrect
The process involved in forgetting is supported by subtle
The individuals themselves are aware that their disorder is
protecting them from facing a painful reality. Incorrect
1206
The chief sources of data used to support the theories of
psychodynamic and behavioral clinicians are:
large-scale experimental studies. Incorrect
biologically based. Incorrect
case studies. (True Answer )Correct

epidemiological. Incorrect
1207
Kevin studies his history notes and textbook while he is drinking beer.
According to some theorists, Kevin would later do better on his history
exam if he also had alcohol in his system while taking the exam. These
theorists would be basing their claim on:
social learning theory. Incorrect
state-dependent learning. (True Answer )Correct
active-avoidance learning. Incorrect
associative memory learning. Incorrect
1208
If you studied for this exam while you were unusually happy, you will
probably do best taking it while you are:
unusually sad. Incorrect
unusually happy. (True Answer )Correct
moderately happy. Incorrect
happy when you know the answers and sad when you don't.
Incorrect
1209
Just after doing well in an intramural basketball gamesomething
which left me very happy, and in a high state of excitementI sat
down and studied for my abnormal psychology test. Research shows I
would perform best on that test if, at the time of the test, I was:
happy and excited. (True Answer )Correct
happy but calm. Incorrect
neither happy nor sad, and excited. Incorrect
neither happy nor sad, and calm. Incorrect
1210
Laurent has three subpersonalities. Jackie emerges when Laurent is in
an awkward social situation, Grace surfaces during sporting events,
and Carlos appears when Laurent is angry. The therapist believes that
the mood and conditions under which each subpersonality appears are
critical to understanding this disorder, demonstrating a belief in:
avoidant dysmorphia. Incorrect
state-dependent learning. (True Answer )Correct
convergent variable learning. Incorrect
neurobiological concordance. Incorrect
1211
If the state-dependent learning explanation of dissociative disorders is
correct, a person may not remember stressful events because he or
she is:
simply too stressed at the time for memories to be laid down.
Incorrect
at a different arousal level after the stress is over. (True Answer )
Correct
a smoker. Incorrect
one who habitually drinks too much. Incorrect
1212
Which of the following has been proposed as a possible cause of
dissociative disorders?
regression Incorrect
self-hypnosis (True Answer )Correct
lack of repression Incorrect
classical conditioning Incorrect
1213
What characteristic is MOST common to both self-hypnosis and
dissociative identity disorder?
the inability to forget Incorrect
the awareness that something has been forgotten Incorrect
the ability to escape threatening events (True Answer )Correct
the awareness to know why you forget Incorrect
1214
What conclusion does research on hypnosis and hypnotic amnesia
support?
People with multiple personalities may be faking their condition.
Incorrect
Dissociative disorders are extremely odd and inexplicable events.
Incorrect
Dissociative disorders are similar to behaviors seen in hypnotic
amnesia. (True Answer )Correct
Self-hypnosis relies on different processes and produces different
behavioral outcomes. Incorrect
1215
A child in an extremely abusive family situation often seems to become
deaf to the verbal abuse, and insensitive to the physical abuse, as if
the child simply wasn't there experiencing the abuse. One explanation
of this behavior is:
self-hypnosis. (True Answer )Correct
state-dependent memory. Incorrect
eidetic imagery. Incorrect
memory while under simulated anesthesia. Incorrect
1216
I was running down a familiar country lane when all of a sudden
nothing looked familiar. It took me several seconds to realize where I
was, and I continued my run without incident. What I experienced was:
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. Incorrect
jamais vu. (True Answer )Correct
dj vu. Incorrect
absentmindedness. Incorrect
1217
Just before 8 A.M. (when my first class meets), my young daughter did
something that annoyed me as I was about to leave home for the short
drive to campus. Katie, I said, what do I always say at a time like
this? She looked at the clock, and then said to me, What you say is,
'Where are my keys?' My daughter was apparently familiar with my:
visual memory deficit. Incorrect
jamais vu tendencies. Incorrect
nondisordered dissociative fugue. Incorrect
absentmindedness. (True Answer )Correct
1218
A strong feeling of knowing is associated with which of the
following?
dj vu Incorrect
jamais vu Incorrect
pseudopresentiment Incorrect
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (True Answer )Correct
1219
A visual image that is retained so vividly that one can continue to scan
it for more information is called:
dj vu. Incorrect
jamais vu. Incorrect
an eidetic image. (True Answer )Correct
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. Incorrect
1220
Individuals experiencing dissociative amnesia sometimes are given
sodium amobarbital or sodium pentobarbital because those drugs:
calm people and reduce their inhibitions. (True Answer )Correct
act as truth serum, so people can't fake their
illness. Incorrect
help reduce associated symptoms of depression. Incorrect
make people forget extremely upsetting events in their lives.
Incorrect
1221
Psychodynamic therapy may be particularly effective in the treatment
of dissociative disorders because:
most dissociative disorders involve some degree of fixation.
Incorrect
most other forms of therapy take several years to improve
functioning of those with these disorders. Incorrect
psychodynamic therapy often tries to recover lost memories. (True
Answer )Correct
those with dissociative disorders generally do not respond well to
drugs and hypnosis. Incorrect
1222
A person diagnosed with a dissociative disorder has recovered almost

completely, even though the person had not received any therapy.
That person was LEAST likely to have been diagnosed with:
1223
People with which dissociative disorder typically do not eventually
recover without receiving treatment?
dissociative identity disorder (True Answer )Correct
dissociative fugue Incorrect
dissociative amnesia Incorrect
All dissociative disorders eventually resolve themselves successfully.
Incorrect
1224
What effect has the use of sodium amobarbital had in treating
dissociative amnesia and fugue?
Most clients recall past events easily with drugs. Incorrect
Recall is often limited to the session itself. Incorrect
The patient's recollection doesn't begin until long after the session.
Incorrect
Results are mixed, successful with some patients and not with
1225
In the treatment of dissociative amnesia, sodium amobarbital and
sodium pentobarbital work by:
freeing people from their inhibitions, thus allowing them to recall
unpleasant events. (True Answer )Correct
forcing people to tell the truth. Incorrect
inducing a hypnotic state. Incorrect
alleviating depression. Incorrect
1226
The first step in treating people with dissociative identity disorder is to:
bond with the primary personality. (True Answer )Correct
integrate the subpersonalities into a unity. Incorrect
establish a contract with the subpersonalities to prevent self-harm.
Incorrect
provide a forum for the subpersonalities to communicate with one
another. Incorrect
1227
The usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to:
have the subpersonalities develop equal shares of the person's
functioning. Incorrect
have the other subpersonalities become subject to the
subpersonality that has the protector role. Incorrect
gradually phase out all but one of the subpersonalities. Incorrect

merge the subpersonalities into a single identity. (True Answer )
Correct
1228
All of the following are true about hypnosis, EXCEPT:
hypnosis involves a sleep-like state. (True Answer )Correct
you can be hypnotized during exercise. Incorrect
subjects can say no or stop hypnosis. Incorrect
hypnotized subjects adhere to their usual values. Incorrect
1229
One of the subpersonalities of a person receiving treatment for
dissociative identity disorder has just become a protector. How far
along in therapy has the person probably progressed?
not far at all because protectors usually emerge even before the
disorder is diagnosed Incorrect
moderately far because a protector usually emerges before
subpersonality integration (True Answer )Correct
very far because a protector usually emerges after
subpersonality integration, and before fusion Incorrect
all the way because a protector usually emerges only after
successful therapy is over. Incorrect
1230
A client receiving treatment for identity disorder is progressing well
through therapy; then, fusion occurs. MOST likely, the client has:
experienced a significant, but short-term, setback. Incorrect
experienced a significant, and long-term, setback. Incorrect
merged the first two or more subpersonalities. Incorrect
merged the final two or more subpersonalities. (True Answer )
Correct
1231
At a workshop about multiple personality disorder, a therapist says,
In my experience, once integration begins, the need for therapy is
practically over, and later dissociations just don't happen. This
therapist's experience is:
typical. Incorrect
a bit unusual; most successful therapies cease before integration.
Incorrect
a bit unusual; most successful therapies cease after integration.
Incorrect
very unusual; most successful therapies last well beyond the
beginning of integration. (True Answer )Correct
1232
The effects of taking hallucinogens accompanied by feelings that
objects are changing size, that other people are distorted, and that one
might be mechanical is MOST similar to:
depersonalization. (True Answer )Correct
multiple personalities. Incorrect

amnestic fugue. Incorrect
1233
Depersonalization ________, while derealization _______.
is an anxiety disorder; is a thought disorder Incorrect
is induced by street drugs; is naturally occurring Incorrect
refers to oneself; refers to the external world (True Answer )Correct
involves multiple personalities; involves only one personality
Incorrect
1234
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate about
depersonalization disorder?
Depersonalization disorder usually comes on suddenly and may be
triggered by extreme fatigue, intense stress, or pain. (True Answer )
Correct
Most cases of depersonalization disorder are associated with
changes in brain activity. Incorrect
The presence of severe stressors in one's life is not a predictor of
Depersonalization disorder rarely occurs transiently. Incorrect
1235
Someone who is experiencing doubling is:
showing two out of several multiple personalities at the same time.
Incorrect
suffering simultaneously from Munchausen syndrome and
Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Incorrect
feeling like his or her mind is floating above him or her. (True
Answer )Correct
1236
If a person's mental functioning or body feels unreal or foreign, the
person is MOST likely suffering from:
depersonalization. (True Answer )Correct
1237
Feeling that your hands and feet are smaller or bigger than usual or
that you are in a dreamlike state is called:
doubting. Incorrect
dumbing down. Incorrect
doubling. (True Answer )Correct
distrusting. Incorrect
1238
When a person feels that the external world is removed, mechanical,

distorted, or even dead, he or she is experiencing:
doubling. Incorrect
derealization. (True Answer )Correct
1239
I have just arrived in a city where I know no one, and English is not
spoken by very many people. I feel as though my mind is separating
from my body and I am actually observing myself do things. What I am
experiencing is:
temporary depersonalization. (True Answer )Correct
posttraumatic stress disorder. Incorrect
transient posttraumatic distress. Incorrect
1240
Transient depersonalization and derealization:
are experienced by virtually all college students. Incorrect
are produced naturally and cannot be induced by drugs or
meditation. Incorrect
can be induced by a life-threatening experience. (True Answer )
Correct
are common in adults but not yet diagnosed in children or
1241
Depersonalization disorder is most common among those who are:
preadolescents. Incorrect
adolescents and young adults. (True Answer )Correct
adults between the ages of 40 and 60. Incorrect
adults over 60. Incorrect
1242
If I suffer from depersonalization disorder, but the symptoms disappear
after a while, they most likely will reappear if I:
get married to someone I really love. Incorrect
survive a bad car accident. (True Answer )Correct
travel on vacation near where I live. Incorrect
691
What would be the criteria used to distinguish between clinically
significant fear and anxiety, and everyday fear and anxiety?
692
Using the case study in the beginning of Chapter 4 that illustrates
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), first, define GAD. Then indicate the
symptoms the individual presents with, and determine if it meets the
criteria for a diagnosis.
693
Write a one- or two-sentence explanation for the development of
generalized anxiety disorders from each of the following perspectives:
sociocultural, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, and biological.
694
Identify and provide examples for each of the following from the
cognitive perspectives explanation of anxiety: basic irrational
assumptions, metaworries, and intolerance of uncertainty theory.
695
Explain in detail, from a biological perspective, how GABA is related to
the experience of anxiety. What are some limitations of this
explanation?
696
Using a diagram and accompanying description, illustrate how a
behaviorist would explain the development of a dog phobia, using
classical conditioning principles. Be sure to identify the components of
classical conditioning in your response.
697
In the treatment of specific phobias, describe in detail the following
exposure therapies: systematic desensitization, flooding, and
modeling.
698
Imagine that a person has a diagnosed panic disorder. Based on the
latest research, outline a treatment plan for this person that would
have the greatest chance for both short-term and long-term success.
699
Following the example of the case vignettes in the textbook, write a
description of someone experiencing an obsessive-compulsive
disorder. Include in your description the MOST common themes in
obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
700
According to the psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive
perspectives, what causes obsessive-compulsive disorders?
701
The DSM-5 has created a new category called obsessive-compulsiverelated disorders. List and describe the four patterns in that group.
702
The physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or

danger is usually termed ______.
anxiety (True Answer )
*
703
Recurrent and unwanted thoughts or the need to perform repetitive
and ritualistic actions is characteristic of ______.
obsessive-compulsive disorder (True Answer )
*
704
Alan is always edgy and nervous and feels there is something to be
afraid of but cannot name it. He is MOST likely suffering from ______.
generalized anxiety disorder, or free-floating anxiety (True Answer )
*
705
According to Freud, actual physical danger leads to ______ anxiety
realistic (True Answer )
*
706
Carl argued that anxiety disorders arise from the failure to receive
unconditional positive regard during childhood. The person develops
harsh self-standards, called ______, which he or she tries to meet by
repeatedly distorting and denying his or her true experiences.
conditions of worth (True Answer )
*
707
______ is a neurotransmitter that carries an inhibitory message and has
been implicated in anxiety disorders.
GABA or Gamma-aminobutyric acid (True Answer )
*
708
Benzodiazepines appear to reduce anxiety by acting on synapses that
are mediated by the neurotransmitter ______.
GABA or gamma-aminobutyric acid (True Answer )
*
709
Interestingly, ______ help many people with anxiety disorders.
antidepressants, antipsychotics (True Answer )
*
710
A bio-behavioral technique that allows clients to monitor and control
their own physiological functions is called ______.
biofeedback (True Answer )
*
711
Anxiety can be reduced by teaching clients to use information about

their bodies to eliminate certain physical responses and increase
others. This approach, called ______, techniques as EMG readings.
biofeedback (True Answer )
*
712
An uncontrollable and irrational fear of an object, activity, or situation
is known as a(n) ______.
specific phobia (True Answer )
*
713
It is possible that many common phobic reactions can be explained by
human beings having a predisposition to develop certain fears. This
idea is referred to as _______,
preparedness (True Answer )
*
714
After relaxation training, a therapist and client create a fear hierarchy
of imagined situations that would provoke anxiety in the client. The
next step in therapy is pairing of imagined situations with relaxation.
This technique is best described as ______.
systematic desensitization (True Answer )
*
715
Therapists who use the technique of ______ believe that people with
phobic disorders must be forced to confront what they fear in its full
intensity so they will see that no real danger exists.
flooding (True Answer )
*
716
A technique for treating phobias in which the client is repeatedly
exposed to the full effect of the fear-creating object without relaxation
training is called ______.
flooding (True Answer )
*
717
To treat your fire phobia, your therapist lights a candle, holds it, and
permits it to burn a bit. He then invites you to hold the candle. The
name of the technique he is using is ______.
participant modeling, modeling, or vicarious conditioning (True
Answer )
*
718
Performance anxiety is a symptom of ______.
social anxiety disorder (True Answer )
*
719
______ is a severe, persistent, and irrational fear of situations in which a
person may be exposed to scrutiny, such as public speaking or
performing.
Social anxiety disorder (True Answer )
*
720
The reason you are afraid to talk in public is because you believe that
everyone must love and approve of you. This statement might be
made by a therapist practicing ______ therapy.
rational-emotive (True Answer )
*
721
A short-term anxiety reaction that accelerates into a smothering,
horrifying ordeal in which one loses control, is practically unaware of
what one is doing, and feels a sense of approaching doom, is called
a(n) ______.
panic attack (True Answer )
*
722
Suddenly and without warning, and without apparent cause, Melissa
acted as if there was a cataclysmic emergency, and she became
paralyzed with fear for several minutes. She probably had a(n) ______.
panic attack (True Answer )
*
723
Since the 1960s, the drugs MOST likely to be used against panic
disorder have been the ______.
antidepressants (True Answer )
*
724
Nadia is generally not very anxious. She also does not react as much to
bodily sensations that others find anxiety provoking. According to a
cognitive explanation for panic attack, she probably has a low degree
of ______.
anxiety sensitivity (True Answer )
*
725
Cognitive therapists might train clients to label the sensation of the
blood pounding in their veins as physical exertion. This is part of
therapy for treating ______.
panic disorder (True Answer )
*
726
Repetitive thoughts, ideas, impulses, or mental images that seem to
invade a person's consciousness, are ______.
obsessions (True Answer )

*
727
Repetitive and rigid activities that a person feels forced to perform are
called ______.
compulsions (True Answer )
*
728
Janet rarely has a calm moment. If she leaves the house, she must go
to each window at least 3 times to be sure it is locked. Each appliance
receives 4 passes, and doors are examined at least 10 times. Every
aspect of her life, at home and away, is affected by her behavior. Janet
suffers from a(n) ______.
compulsion, compulsive ritual, checking compulsion (True Answer )
*
729
Meyer's technique, which involves instructing clients not to perform
their compulsive behavior, is called ______.
exposure and response prevention (True Answer )
*
730
______ procedures involve homework assignments in exposure and
response prevention.
Self-help (True Answer )
*
731
The neurotransmitter involved in the brain's control of obsessivecompulsive disorders appears to be ______.
*
732
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is improved by antidepressants that
increase ______ activity in the brain.
*
733
If metabolic activity is any indication, the parts of the brain involved in
orbitofrontal cortex disorder are the ______ and the ______.
orbitofrontal cortex; caudate nucleus (True Answer )
*
734
According to the DSM-5, a group of disorders in which repetitive
concerns drive people to repeatedly and excessively perform specific
patterns of behavior is now called ______
obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (True Answer )
*
735
Fear differs from anxiety in that:
fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general. (True Answer
)Correct
anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear. Incorrect
anxiety is to an interpersonal threat and fear is to an inanimate
threat. Incorrect
anxiety is an immediate response; fear is more vague. Incorrect
736
The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are the:
mood disorders. Incorrect
anxiety disorders. (True Answer )Correct
sexual disorders. Incorrect
737
Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?
schizophrenia Incorrect
bipolar disorder Incorrect
major depression Incorrect
738
Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems
to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of
a(n):
panic disorder. (True Answer )Correct
phobic disorder. Incorrect
739
Raphael was just outside the parking garage of the World Trade Center
when the explosion occurred. At the time he was terrified and had
visions of the building falling on him. Ever since the bombing he has
had periods of anxiety and sleeplessness. This is an example of a:
panic disorder. Incorrect
phobic disorder. Incorrect
posttraumatic stress disorder. (True Answer )Correct
740
Leila always feels threatened and anxiousimagining something awful
is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family,
although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing:
a generalized anxiety disorder. (True Answer )Correct
a hormonal imbalance. Incorrect
no specific problem; she just likes to worry. Incorrect
a specific fear response. Incorrect
741
People with one anxiety disorder are MOST likely to:

experience another anxiety disorder, too. (True Answer )Correct
experience only that one anxiety disorder. Incorrect
experience another nonanxiety disorder. Incorrect
experience hallucinations. Incorrect
742
A person who is restless, keyed up, and on edge for no apparent
reason is experiencing:
free-floating anxiety. (True Answer )Correct
specific anxiety. Incorrect
fearful anxiety. Incorrect
obsessions. Incorrect
743
According to DSM-5 one must demonstrate which of the following set
of symptoms in order to be diagnosed with General Anxiety Disorder?
excessive worry for two months, restlessness, behavior changes,
distress Incorrect
excessive worry for three months, restlessness, behavior changes,
distress (True Answer )Correct
excessive worry for four months, restlessness, behavior changes,
distress Incorrect
excessive worry for five months, restlessness, behavior changes,
distress Incorrect
744
Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race
on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably represents the
______ perspective.
humanistic-existential Incorrect
cognitive Incorrect
745
Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb,
overpopulation, AIDS, and violent crime everywhere. It is difficult to get
a good job unless you understand all that complicated computer junk.
This complaint is consistent with a ______ explanation of generalized
anxiety disorder.
746
Generalized anxiety disorder is MORE common:
in African Americans than in white Americans. (True Answer )Correct
in men than in women. Incorrect
years after rather than immediately after traumatic events. Incorrect
in wealthy people than in poor people. Incorrect

747
One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding
generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:
the paradox that as poverty gets worse, generalized anxiety
declines. Incorrect
the relationship between race, poverty, and job opportunity.
Incorrect
why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience
generalized anxiety. (True Answer )Correct
the differences in generalized anxiety in countries around the world.
Incorrect
748
According to Freud, children who are prevented from expressing id
impulsesmaking mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals
are at risk for developing:
realistic anxiety. Incorrect
neurotic anxiety. (True Answer )Correct
moral anxiety. Incorrect
existential anxiety. Incorrect
749
Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as
the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety?
the behavioral approach Incorrect
the humanistic approach Incorrect
the sociocultural approach Incorrect
the psychodynamic approach (True Answer )Correct
750
According to Freud, children who are severely and repeatedly punished
for expressing their id impulses may develop:
realistic anxiety. Incorrect
neurotic anxiety. Incorrect
moral anxiety. (True Answer )Correct
751
According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to
result when:
a person does not dream, and thus has no outlet for anxiety.
Incorrect
defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety. (True
Answer )Correct
a person never has a chance to experience trauma. Incorrect
defense mechanisms are too strong. Incorrect
752
Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop
looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny
and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior. This

explanation for anxiety disorders would MOST likely be offered by:
behaviorists. Incorrect
cognitive theorists. Incorrect
sociocultural theorists. Incorrect
humanistic theorists. (True Answer )Correct
753
If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could
measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what
Rogers called:
empathy. Incorrect
unconditional positive regard. Incorrect
conditions of worth. (True Answer )Correct
754
Which theory states that people develop generalized anxiety disorders
because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children
and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth?
Pavlov's conditioning theory Incorrect
Freud's psychoanalytic theory Incorrect
Rogers' client-centered theory (True Answer )Correct
Ellis's rational-emotive theory Incorrect
755
Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies have in common:
their understanding of how generalized anxiety develops and can be
treated. Incorrect
their lack of strong support from controlled studies. (True Answer )
Correct
their reliance on a rather harsh, confrontational therapeutic style.
Incorrect
their use of multidisciplinary therapists who work exclusively in
group settings. Incorrect
756
How strong is the evidence supporting the usefulness of clientcentered therapy for those with generalized anxiety disorder?
not very strong: case reports of client-centered therapy's usefulness
are not strongly supported by controlled studies (True Answer )Correct
not very strong: controlled studies of client-centered therapy's
usefulness are not strongly supported by case reports Incorrect
very strong in both case reports and controlled studies Incorrect
very weak in both case reports and controlled studies. Incorrect
757
If I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by
everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way I want
them, I am displaying basic:
irrational assumptions. (True Answer )Correct

conditions of worth. Incorrect
758
A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are
not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:
metaworry. Incorrect
compulsion. Incorrect
759
A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent,
adequate, and achieving in all possible aspects is displaying:
metaworry. Incorrect
compulsion. Incorrect
760
Cognitive therapists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is
induced by:
maladaptive assumptions. (True Answer )Correct
lack of empathy. Incorrect
overactive id impulses. Incorrect
761
If you live in a city, you own your home, and you pay taxes, you are
LEAST likely to experience which of the following events next year?
having a house fire Incorrect
being audited by the IRS Incorrect
being the victim of a violent crime Incorrect
being diagnosed with cancer (True Answer )Correct
762
Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of
generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety
symptoms:
respond more fearfully to predictable than to unpredictable events.
Incorrect
fail to pay attention to threatening cues. Incorrect
overestimate their chances of being harmed. (True Answer )Correct
show little physiological arousal to stress. Incorrect
763
The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety
disorder is:
Better safe than sorry. (True Answer )Correct
Life's a gamble; give it your best shot. Incorrect
When you reach the mountaintop, it's hard to come back down.
Incorrect
Nothing ventured, nothing gained. Incorrect
764
Which of the following is an example of a metaworry?
worry about all possible signs of danger Incorrect
worry about not worrying enough Incorrect
thinking about worrying Incorrect
worrying about worrying (True Answer )Correct
765
According to intolerance of uncertainty theory, those with
generalized anxiety disorder are:
likely to overestimate the chances that any negative event will
occur. (True Answer )Correct
likely to underestimate the chances that any positive event will
occur. Incorrect
only able to tolerate uncertainty in mildly threatening events.
Incorrect
only able to tolerate uncertainty in severely threatening events.
Incorrect
766
In terms of cognitive theories explaining generalized anxiety disorder,
a good deal of research supports:
only metacognitive theory. Incorrect
only intolerance of uncertainty theory. Incorrect
neither metacognitive theory nor intolerance of uncertainty theory.
Incorrect
both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory.
767
Of the following, the BEST description of the avoidance theory of
generalized anxiety disorder is:
worrying serves to reduce bodily arousal. (True Answer )Correct
worry interferes with our ability to cope with life. Incorrect
worrying keeps the focus on emotions, not cognitions. Incorrect
worrying is an uncontrollable part of life. Incorrect
768
If your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge
your faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the
therapist would be using:
cognitive-existential therapy. Incorrect
client-centered therapy. Incorrect
rational-emotive therapy. (True Answer )Correct
interpersonal-physiotherapy. Incorrect
769
The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis

is called:
behavior modification. Incorrect
rational-emotive therapy. (True Answer )Correct
stress inoculation training. Incorrect
770
Your worries? They're only thoughts. Don't try to stop them, but
recognize that they're thoughts, and don't let them upset you so
much. This statement MOST likely would come from someone using
which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?
rational-emotive therapy Incorrect
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (True Answer )Correct
intolerance of uncertainty therapy Incorrect
biofeedback Incorrect
771
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy:
has not received much support at all in therapy applications.
Incorrect
receives support in therapy applications, but its usefulness is limited
to treating generalized anxiety disorder. Incorrect
receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of
disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder. (True Answer )Correct
is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability. Incorrect
772
Teaching people to accept their worries and live in the present moment
mindfulness therapyis MOST consistent with which theoretical
approach?
773
Until recently, the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related
to biological factors came largely from:
drug studies. Incorrect
clinical interviews. Incorrect
family pedigree studies. (True Answer )Correct
neurological studies. Incorrect
774
Evidence in support of the biological understanding of generalized
anxiety is supported by the finding that:
relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have
it than nonrelatives. (True Answer )Correct
distant relatives of those with generalized anxiety are more likely to
have it than close relatives. Incorrect
relatives share not only biological characteristics, but also similar

environments. Incorrect
identical twins have more similar environments than fraternal twins.
Incorrect
775
Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized
anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of ______ at certain
receptor sites in the brain.
GABA (True Answer )Correct
dopamine Incorrect
acetylcholine Incorrect
serotonin Incorrect
776
GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter believed to be involved in
reducing the excitability of neurons in the brain, has been implicated in
the etiology of:
generalized anxiety disorder. (True Answer )Correct
777
GABA is related to:
increased neuronal firing in the brain. Incorrect
doubling the speed of neuronal firing. (True Answer )Correct
intensifying the strength of neuronal firing. Incorrect
inhibiting neuronal firing in the brain. Incorrect
778
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?
Long-term anxiety is related to poor GABA reception. (True Answer )
Correct
Long-term anxiety causes poor GABA reception. Incorrect
Poor GABA reception causes long-term anxiety. Incorrect
Neurotransmitter deficiencies cause long-term anxiety and poor
GABA reception. Incorrect
779
If you wanted a drug to improve the functioning of GABA, you would
choose:
a drug that increased neuronal firing speed. Incorrect
a benzodiazepine. (True Answer )Correct
any of the antidepressants. Incorrect
a drug that works on the endocrine level rather than the neuron
level. Incorrect
780
All of the following are biological treatments for generalized anxiety
EXCEPT:
antianxiety drugs. Incorrect
rational emotive therapy. (True Answer )Correct

relaxation training. Incorrect
biofeedback. Incorrect
781
Which of the following medications works primarily by enhancing
GABA?
antidepressants Incorrect
antipsychotics Incorrect
immunosuppressants Incorrect
benzodiazepines (True Answer )Correct
782
Disadvantages of taking benzodiazepines include all of the following
EXCEPT:
lack of sleep, increased anxiety, and passivity. (True Answer )
Correct
return of anxiety symptoms when the medication is withdrawn.
Incorrect
impairment in cognitive and psychomotor functioning. Incorrect
physical dependence on the drug. Incorrect
783
Which of the following is a nondrug biological treatment for anxiety
that is in general use today?
psychoanalysis Incorrect
relaxation therapy (True Answer )Correct
behavior modification Incorrect
rational-emotive therapy Incorrect
784
Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument
that records muscle tension. His job is to try to reduce muscle tension.
This is an example of:
biofeedback training. (True Answer )Correct
EMG training. Incorrect
relaxation training. Incorrect
785
A friend asks you whether to try relaxation training or biofeedback to
reduce anxiety. Based on present research, your best answer is:
Try something else; neither one works very well. Incorrect
Try either one; they're about equally effective. (True Answer )
Correct
Try relaxation training; biofeedback doesn't work. Incorrect
Try biofeedback; relaxation doesn't work. Incorrect
786
According to current research, using relaxation training to treat
generalized anxiety disorder is:
the best treatment available. Incorrect
simply not effective. Incorrect

better than similar treatments such as meditation. Incorrect
better than nothing, and about as effective as meditation. (True
Answer )Correct
787
In order to determine if a person's fear of snakes is severe enough to
be categorized as a phobia, you could:
show him a snake; if he appears to be very uncomfortable, he most
likely has a phobia. Incorrect
show him a snake; if he appears to be very uncomfortable, he most
likely has a fear. Incorrect
ask him if anxiety about snakes interferes with daily living; if he says
yes, he most likely has a phobia. (True Answer )Correct
ask him if anxiety about snakes interferes with daily living; if he says
yes, he most likely has a fear. Incorrect
788
An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a
compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of
interfering with the life of the person is called:
phobic disorder. (True Answer )Correct
789
How do phobias and common fear differ?
A fear more dramatically interferes with one's life. Incorrect
A phobia is less intense. Incorrect
A fear lasts longer. Incorrect
A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the object. (True
Answer )Correct
790
Which of the following is TRUE about specific phobias?
Each year about 9 percent of people in the United States suffer from
a phobia. (True Answer )Correct
Men are more likely than women to have phobias. Incorrect
There do not appear to be racial differences in the incidence of
phobias. Incorrect
Most people with phobias seek treatment. Incorrect
791
Of the following, those LEAST likely to experience specific phobias are:
white American females. Incorrect
white American males. (True Answer )Correct
Hispanic American females. Incorrect
Hispanic American males. Incorrect
792
Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to

classical conditioning?
793
When he was 5 years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while
walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely
afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear
by:
modeling and imitation. Incorrect
stimulus generalization. Incorrect
794
While walking through a forest during a rainstorm, 5-year-old Samir
was almost struck by lightning. Today, as an adult, he is extremely
afraid of trees. What is the conditioned stimulus in the example?
the trees (True Answer )Correct
the lightning Incorrect
the rain storm Incorrect
the feelings of fear Incorrect
795
Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid
of snakes. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:
response discrimination. Incorrect
escape response. Incorrect
796
According to behavioral theory, specific learned fears become a
generalized anxiety disorder through the process of:
modeling. Incorrect
stimulus generalization. (True Answer )Correct
stimulus discrimination. Incorrect
response prevention. Incorrect
797
Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. The
experience left her hurt and frightened. The next month she was
visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane (dog). It frightened her
even though she had never had a bad experience with a dog. Karen's
fear of this dog is an example of:
response discrimination. Incorrect
modeling. Incorrect
stimulus generalization. (True Answer )Correct
vicarious reinforcement. Incorrect

798
When I was a young child and watching TV with my mother, a mouse
ran by. My mother screamed, scaring me. Subsequently, I have been
afraid of mice. In this example, my mother's scream is the:
conditioned response. Incorrect
unconditioned response. Incorrect
conditioned stimulus. Incorrect
unconditioned stimulus. (True Answer )Correct
799
When I was a young child and watching TV with my mother, a mouse
ran by. My mother screamed, scaring me. Subsequently, I have been
afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the:
conditioned stimulus. (True Answer )Correct
unconditioned stimulus. Incorrect
800
Research has supported all of the following behavioral assumptions
EXCEPT that:
fear can be acquired through modeling. Incorrect
phobias are always acquired through classical conditioning in
humans. (True Answer )Correct
animals can learn to make avoidance responses. Incorrect
phobias can be acquired through classical conditioning in humans.
Incorrect
801
Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as
spiders and the dark than they do to such objects as computers and
radios. This observation supports the idea of:
modeling. Incorrect
conditioning. Incorrect
preparedness. (True Answer )Correct
802
If the idea of preparedness is accurate, then:
some phobias should be acquired more easily than others. (True
Answer )Correct
all phobias should diminishwith treatmentat about the same
rate. Incorrect
animals and humans should have the same phobias. Incorrect
phobias should be less frequent in modern than ancient times.
Incorrect
803
Which of the following statements accurately reflects what we know
from recent studies?
Phobias are always a result of classical conditioning. Incorrect

Phobias are almost always a result of classical conditioning.
Incorrect
Phobias ordinarily are a result of classical
conditioning. (True Answer )Correct
Phobias may be a result of classical conditioning. Incorrect
804
Someone who believes that among our ancestors, those who feared
animals, darkness, and heights were more likely to survive long
enough to reproduce, represents the ______ explanation of the
development of phobias.
environmental Incorrect
evolutionary (True Answer )Correct
empirical Incorrect
externalized Incorrect
805
Someone who believes that experiences teach us early in life that
certain objects are legitimate sources of fear represents the ______
explanation of the development of phobias.
empirical Incorrect
evolutionary Incorrect
environmental (True Answer )Correct
ecological Incorrect
806
You are suffering from arachnophobia. Your therapist first has you go
through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear hierarchy
and, finally, has you go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders
and relaxation responses. This approach is called:
modeling. Incorrect
flooding. Incorrect
implosive therapy. Incorrect
systematic desensitization. (True Answer )Correct
807
Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:
systematic desensitization. (True Answer )Correct
experimental extinction. Incorrect
808
The first step in systematic desensitization treatment is:
role playing. Incorrect
relaxation training. (True Answer )Correct
construction of a fear hierarchy. Incorrect
graded pairings with the phobic object. Incorrect
809
A phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention in order to

actually confront snakes as part of desensitization training. This is an
example of the ______ technique.
covert Incorrect
modeling Incorrect
fear hierarchical Incorrect
in vivo (True Answer )Correct
810
A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of
desensitization training. This is an example of the ______ technique.
covert (True Answer )Correct
modeling Incorrect
fear hierarchical flooding Incorrect
in vivo Incorrect
811
Your fear of spiders is debilitating because you are an entomologist. To
treat this phobia, your therapist puts you in a room with spiders, even
asking you to handle them. This technique might be used in:
modeling. Incorrect
flooding. (True Answer )Correct
covert desensitization. Incorrect
812
If you were afraid of dogs and your therapist treated you by interacting
with dogs while you watched, you would be receiving:
flooding. Incorrect
biofeedback. Incorrect
813
One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the
therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client
observes. This is called:
flooding. Incorrect
814
In modeling, the client:
confronts the feared object directly. Incorrect
observes the therapist confronting the feared object. (True Answer )
Correct
imagines the therapist confronting the feared object. Incorrect
imagines himself or herself confronting the feared object. Incorrect
815
Harry is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home.
During his therapy, his therapist demonstrated how to handle them.
This is a form of therapy based on:
flooding. Incorrect
implosive techniques. Incorrect
covert desensitization. Incorrect
816
A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that simulate realworld situations. This is an example of the ______ technique
covert Incorrect
virtual reality. (True Answer )Correct
fear hierarchical flooding Incorrect
in vivo Incorrect
817
Agoraphobia is the fear of:
flying. Incorrect
public speaking. Incorrect
open spaces or crowds. (True Answer )Correct
spiders. Incorrect
818
A woman you know constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings,
and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently,
she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she
enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed
with:
panic attacks. Incorrect
agoraphobia and panic disorder. (True Answer )Correct
agoraphobia. Incorrect
819
Which one of the following is the BEST example of a broad social
anxiety?
unwillingness to eat in front of others Incorrect
fear of public speaking Incorrect
apprehension about being evaluated by others (True Answer )
Correct
anxiety about walking in front of others Incorrect
820
Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively
and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when
asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be:
a social phobia. (True Answer )Correct
a specific phobia. Incorrect
posttraumatic stress disorder Incorrect
821
Which of the following is an example of a specific social anxiety?
fear of public speaking (True Answer )Correct
fear of snakes Incorrect
fear of tornados when a tornado warning is in effect Incorrect
fear of generally functioning poorly in front of others Incorrect
822
Jan is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can
to avoid being evaluated by others, which causes her significant
impairment. The MOST accurate diagnosis would be:
specific phobia. Incorrect
social anxiety disorder. (True Answer )Correct
823
More women than men experience all of the following disorders
EXCEPT:
social anxiety disorder. Incorrect
824
An emphasis on the beliefs and expectations that lead someone with a
social anxiety disorder to overestimate how bad a social interaction
went is characteristic of:
cognitive therapists. (True Answer )Correct
those who advocate using medication to treat social phobias.
Incorrect
those who also experience claustrophobia. Incorrect
behavioral therapists. Incorrect
825
Research by cognitive theorists on the topic of social anxiety disorder
has shown support for the prevalence of all of the following among
those with this diagnosis, EXCEPT:
repeatedly reviewing social events after they have occurred.
Incorrect
thinking they have social flaws, which leads to anxiety. Incorrect
underestimating how badly the social event went. (True Answer )
Correct
overestimating how badly things might go during the social event.
Incorrect
826
A person recently was diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. If this is
all the information you have, your BEST guess is that the person is in:
elementary school, and is more likely than average to have a close
relative with social anxiety disorder. Incorrect
high school, and is more likely than average to have a close relative
with social anxiety disorder. (True Answer )Correct
elementary school, and is less likely than average to have a close
relative with social anxiety disorder. Incorrect
high school, and less likely than average to have a close relative
with social anxiety disorder. Incorrect
827
A friend asks you, ?You're taking an abnormal psychology course;
what's the MOST effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?? Your
BEST research-based answer is:
?Antidepressant medication eliminates symptoms faster, and for at
least as long, as the best psychotherapy.? Incorrect
?Antianxiety medication eliminates symptoms faster than the best
psychotherapy.? Incorrect
?The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast, but not as
long, as the best drug therapy.? Incorrect
?The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast, and longer,
than the best drug therapy.? (True Answer )Correct
828
A friend asks you, I've been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder,
and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy, not psychological
therapy. What do you think? Based on current research, your BEST
answer would be:
That's the best advice your therapist could have given. Incorrect
Some therapists think psychological therapy should always be
used, even with drug therapy; there's less chance of relapse. (True
Answer )Correct
Drug therapy works especially well in combination with short-term
psychodynamic therapy; cognitive-behavioral therapies don't help
much. Incorrect
Unfortunately, no therapy works very well in the long run for most
people with social anxiety disorder. Incorrect
829
Imagine that you are being treated for a social anxiety disorder. Your
therapist watches you act out a social scene, points out what you did
correctly and incorrectly, and praises you for what you did well. Which
behavioral technique did your therapist NOT use?
role play Incorrect
feedback Incorrect
modeling (True Answer )Correct
reinforcement Incorrect
830
A psychotherapist models appropriate social skills for a client with
social anxiety disorder, then uses modeling for another client with a
phobia for spiders. What the therapist is doing is:
common; modeling is often used in the treatment of these kinds of

uncommon; modeling is often used in the treatment of social
anxiety disorders, but seldom used in the treatment of specific
phobias. Incorrect
uncommon; modeling is seldom used in the treatment of social
anxiety disorders, but commonly used in the treatment of specific
phobias. Incorrect
rare; modeling is seldom used in the treatment of these kinds of
831
Rosa's heart was racing (from the four cups of coffee she had just
finished), but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear
seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:
panic attack. (True Answer )Correct
manic episode. Incorrect
social phobia. Incorrect
832
You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath,
choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack,
but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is
probably a:
panic attack. (True Answer )Correct
phobia. Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive response. Incorrect
posttraumatic disorder. Incorrect
833
A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with
dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:
typical panic attacks. Incorrect
panic disorder. (True Answer )Correct
physiological damage. Incorrect
a normal response to stress. Incorrect
834
A person experiencing a panic disorder is MOST likely also to have
which of the following?
fear of leaving home (True Answer )Correct
fear of enclosed spaces Incorrect
fear of other people Incorrect
fear of driving Incorrect
835
The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is:
claustrophobia. Incorrect
acrophobia. Incorrect
agoraphobia. (True Answer )Correct
metrophobia. Incorrect
836
The drug treatment that is MOST effective in treating panic disorders is
like that used to treat:
generalized anxiety. Incorrect
837
Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which
neurotransmitter?
norepinephrine (True Answer )Correct
epinephrine Incorrect
serotonin Incorrect
endorphin Incorrect
838
Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks.
This may mean that the disorder is related to levels of the
neurotransmitter:
GABA. Incorrect
dopamine. Incorrect
acetylcholine. Incorrect
norepinephrine. (True Answer )Correct
839
Which of the following convinces researchers that panic disorder is
biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder?
differences in the way the amygdala works in each disorder
Incorrect
differences in the alarm and escape response in the brain Incorrect
differences in the brain circuitry in the two disorders (True Answer )
Correct
differences in the heritability of the two disorders Incorrect
840
The proportion of panic-attack sufferers who are helped at least
somewhat by antidepressant drugs is about:
almost 100 percent. Incorrect
841
Antidepressants and alprazolam (Xanax) have been found to be
successful in treating:
phobias. Incorrect
panic disorders. (True Answer )Correct
generalized anxiety disorders. Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive disorders. Incorrect
842
What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)?
antipsychotic Incorrect
antidepressant Incorrect
benzodiazepine (True Answer )Correct
major tranquilizer Incorrect
843
Which one of the following statements about the use of
antidepressants, such as Xanax, to treat a panic disorder is MOST
accurate?
Antianxiety drugs are preferred over antidepressants. Incorrect
The drugs must be taken as needed rather than on a regular
schedule. Incorrect
The drugs are effective for only about 25 percent of the people who
take them. Incorrect
For the drugs to be effective, one has to keep taking them, even
when symptoms are lessened. (True Answer )Correct
844
The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have
them:
have relatives who are atypically anxious. Incorrect
are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies. Incorrect
misinterpret bodily sensations. (True Answer )Correct
experience more stress than average. Incorrect
845
Imagine that someone yells Fire! in a crowded theater, and audience
members begin to try to leave the building. Some panic, and begin
pushing their way blindly through other people to an exit. This form of
panic is:
rare, but similar to the panic those with panic disorder experience.
Incorrect
rare, and very different from the panic those with panic disorder
experience. Incorrect
common, and similar to the panic those with panic disorder
experience. (True Answer )Correct
common, but very different from the panic those with panic disorder
experience Incorrect
846
According to cognitive theorists, people experiencing anxiety
sensitivity:
are oblivious to body sensations. Incorrect
are unable to assess bodily sensations accurately. (True Answer )
Correct
interpret bodily sensations as abnormally pleasant. Incorrect
confuse physical and emotional sensations. Incorrect
847
People who experience a positive event, get excited, breath harder,

and have an increase in their heart rate, then interpret the symptoms
as a heart attack, are experiencing what cognitive theorists call:
biological challenge. Incorrect
behavioral inhibition. Incorrect
anxiety sensitivity. (True Answer )Correct
exposure relapse. Incorrect
848
Luis and Ted both get racing hearts once in a while. When it happens to
Ted, he panics and thinks he is going to die. Gradually, he has
developed these panic attacks if he even thinks that his heart is
beating strongly. When Luis's heart starts beating strongly, he looks to
his current activity to understand what is producing the sensations
(hard work). Ted apparently has a high degree of:
fear. Incorrect
anxiety. Incorrect
obsessive imagery. Incorrect
anxiety sensitivity (True Answer )Correct
849
Which of the following therapies is an effective long-term,
nonpharmacological treatment for panic attack that involves teaching
patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately?
850
Imagine that researchers investigating panic disorder gave you a drug
that caused you to hyperventilate and your heart to beat rapidly. You
would have been given a(n):
in vivo test. Incorrect
modeling test. Incorrect
covert sensitization test. Incorrect
biological challenge test. (True Answer )Correct
851
Which of the following is TRUE about drug and cognitive treatments for
panic disorder?
Drug treatments are significantly more effective, especially early in
the disorder. Incorrect
Cognitive treatment is more effective over time, even if the person
continues to take medication. Incorrect
Both drug treatments and cognitive treatments are effective. (True
Answer )Correct
Neither drug treatments nor cognitive treatments show much
promise. Incorrect
852
When someone checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off
before leaving in the morning, that person is exhibiting a(n):
obsession. Incorrect
compulsion. (True Answer )Correct
panic attack. Incorrect
phobia. Incorrect
853
Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on
cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior:
when done to provide comfort and reduce tension. Incorrect
when done more than once a day. Incorrect
when they interfere with daily function and cause distress. (True
Answer )Correct
never. Incorrect
854
People who experience obsessions show:
typical levels of worry about real problems. Incorrect
thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them. (True Answer )
Correct
thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist. Incorrect
a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate. Incorrect
855
What do obsessions and compulsions have in common?
Both are used to deal with or ward off anxiety. (True Answer )
Correct
Both arise out of an excessively strong superego. Incorrect
Both involve rituals. Incorrect
Both are a normal part of life for the average person. Incorrect
856
Sally is never sure of the right thing to do. She married Tod and has
been wondering for years if that was the right decision. She is
exhibiting:
a compulsion. Incorrect
obsessive ideas. Incorrect
obsessive doubts. (True Answer )Correct
obsessive images. Incorrect
857
Which of the following reflects the MOST common obsessive thought?
If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated. (True
Answer )Correct
I must make sure that the brochures are folded evenly. Incorrect
I can hardly stop myself from yelling sexual obscenities in class.
Incorrect
I hope that person dies a long, slow death. Incorrect
858
Sam can't leave for work without going back into his house and making
sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several
times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is
frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering
everything. Sam is displaying:
an obsession. Incorrect
a checking compulsion. (True Answer )Correct
nonpathological caution. Incorrect
859
Those who are anxious unless their books are perfectly lined up on
their desks and who must eat the food on their plates in a balanced
order are exhibiting a:
checking compulsion. Incorrect
counting compulsion. Incorrect
balance compulsion. (True Answer )Correct
cleaning compulsion. Incorrect
860
A professor who puts on rubber gloves before grading papers and
religiously avoids any contact with the hands of students is exhibiting
a(n):
cleaning compulsion. Incorrect
checking compulsion. Incorrect
order compulsion. Incorrect
touching compulsion. (True Answer )Correct
861
What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?
Compulsions are a way to prevent obsessions from occurring.
Incorrect
Obsessions generally lead to violent or immoral compulsions.
Incorrect
Compulsions help people control their obsessions. (True Answer )
Correct
Obsessions are not related to compulsions. Incorrect
862
A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle
between anxiety- provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego
defense mechanisms. She thinks that this usually unconscious conflict
is being played out in an open and obvious manner. She is sure this
underlying conflict explains her client's:
fugue state. Incorrect
863
According to the psychodynamic perspective, if someone keeps

engaging in immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her
face and hands in response to those thoughts:
the scrubbing represents a healthy coping response. Incorrect
the immoral images represent id impulses. (True Answer )Correct
the superego is helping the person to avoid id impulses. Incorrect
ego defenses are not present. Incorrect
864
According to Freud, obsessive-compulsive disorders have their origin in
the ______ development:
oral Incorrect
anal (True Answer )Correct
phallic Incorrect
genital Incorrect
865
Psychodynamic therapies as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive
disorders:
appear to work better when used in short-term rather than
traditional ways. (True Answer )Correct
must avoid pointing out the client's defense mechanisms. Incorrect
work on intensifying the underlying conflict. Incorrect
do not interpret the client's behavior. Incorrect
866
Behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior:
is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety. (True Answer )
Correct
originally is associated with an increase in anxiety. Incorrect
is logically rather than randomly connected to fearful situations.
Incorrect
is exhibited by everyone. Incorrect
867
According to behaviorists, why do patients engage in compulsive
behaviors?
Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced.
They have been punished in the past for engaging in the compulsive
behaviors. Incorrect
They need a higher level of anxiety than average to be productive.
Incorrect
They are irrational thinkers. Incorrect
868
An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was
required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not to vacuum for
a week, would be experiencing what therapy procedures?
family therapy Incorrect
exposure and response prevention (True Answer )Correct
reinforcement for compulsive behavior Incorrect

free association Incorrect
869
The therapy Eliot is receiving emphasizes dealing with his compulsions,
but not his obsessions. In addition, he does homework in the form of
self-help procedures between therapy sessions. Most likely, Eliot is
receiving which kind of therapy?
psychodynamic, with therapist interpretation Incorrect
cognitive Incorrect
870
Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessivecompulsive disorder:
changes behavior in the clinic, but doesn't carry over to home and
the workplace. Incorrect
works only in about 25 percent of those who are treated with it.
Incorrect
shows improvement that often continues indefinitely. (True Answer )
Correct
is only effective in a group setting. Incorrect
871
One of the drawbacks of exposure and response prevention as a
therapy is that it:
has a more than 50 percent relapse rate. Incorrect
is less effective with clients with obsessions but no compulsions.
is less effective with clients who have both obsessions and
compulsions. Incorrect
does not result in more improvement in obsessive-compulsive
clients than do other cognitive-behavioral therapies. Incorrect
872
Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore
them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible
consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the
thoughts. The type of theorist MOST likely to agree with this quote
would be a:
psychodynamic theorist. Incorrect
behaviorist. Incorrect
cognitive theorist. (True Answer )Correct
biologist. Incorrect
873
According to cognitive theorists, compulsive acts serve to
reinforce. Incorrect
increase. Incorrect
neutralize . (True Answer )Correct
clarify. Incorrect
874
A friend of your says, I'll try to see only the positive side of things,
then everything will be OK. From a cognitive perspective, your friend
is ______obsessive thoughts.
neutralizing. (True Answer )Correct
habituating. Incorrect
exposing. Incorrect
engaging in response prevention. Incorrect
875
Cognitive theorists have found that people who develop obsessivecompulsive disorder also:
have a lower rate of depression. Incorrect
have lower standards of conduct and morality. Incorrect
believe it is impossible and undesirable to have control over
everything. Incorrect
believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or
876
Which one of these descriptors would be LEAST likely to describe
someone experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder, according to the
cognitive perspective?
Let the good times roll. Don't worry about tomorrow. (True Answer )
Correct
I'm a bit of a control freak. Incorrect
It seems that I am always more down than my friends. Incorrect
I'm having a bit of trouble separating my thoughts from reality. I'm
afraid if I think it, it will actually happen. Incorrect
877
Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive
disorder serve to:
increase serotonin activity in the brain. (True Answer )Correct
increase norepinephrine activity in the brain. Incorrect
increase the level of all brain neurotransmitters. Incorrect
decrease serotonin activity in the brain. Incorrect
878
For an antidepressant to be effective against obsessive-compulsive
disorder, it must:
increase serotonin activity. (True Answer )Correct
decrease serotonin activity. Incorrect
increase norepinephrine activity. Incorrect
decrease norepinephrine activity. Incorrect
879
A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessivecompulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in what region
of the brain?
hypothalamus Incorrect
caudate nuclei (True Answer )Correct
cerebral cortex Incorrect
temporal lobe Incorrect
880
Which of the following brain areas have been implicated in obsessivecompulsive symptoms?
the frontal lobes and the thalamus Incorrect
the thalamus and the hypothalamus Incorrect
the motor cortex and the caudate nuclei Incorrect
the orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei (True Answer )
Correct
881
If you were taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin
and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive
disorder, you could expect that:
it wouldn't be very effective. Incorrect
it would lead to immediate, and long-lasting relief of symptoms.
Incorrect
it would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if you
stopped the medication. (True Answer )Correct
adding cognitive therapies would help relieve symptoms in the short
term, but not in the long term. Incorrect
882
The most current research we have suggests that reductions in activity
levels in the caudate nuclei among people with obsessive-compulsive
disorder result from:
the associated reduction in serotonin levels in the brain. Incorrect
both medications and cognitive-behavioral therapies. (True Answer )
Correct
one's initial level of caudate nuclei activitythose with high levels
maintain them. Incorrect
an artifact in the research protocol related to the length of time the
person has had the diagnosis. Incorrect
883
A clinician who is not up-to-date uses the term excessive behaviors
to describe a category of disorder. According to the DSM-5, that
category is now called:
body dysmorphic disorders. Incorrect
panic disorders. Incorrect
social anxiety disorders. Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive-related disorders. (True Answer )Correct
884
If you really wanted to impress your friends, you would refer to hairpulling disorder by the scientific name:
trichotillomania. (True Answer )Correct
musomania. Incorrect
traumatomania. Incorrect
gephyromania. Incorrect
885
Someone with skin-picking disorder would be LEAST likely to pick skin
in which area of the body?
face Incorrect
abdomen (True Answer )Correct
arms Incorrect
legs Incorrect
886
My office is a mess; graded tests are in piles on my desk, overflowing
bookshelves line the walls, and research materials from years ago
occupy boxes on the floor. If I am experiencing a diagnosable disorder,
it would MOST likely be in what category?
social anxiety disorders Incorrect
panic disorders Incorrect
obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (True Answer )Correct
specific phobias Incorrect
887
Which of the following is NOT usually true of those with body
dysmorphic disorder?
They are concerned about a particular part of their body. Incorrect
They reduce contacts with others. Incorrect
About half seek surgical or dermatological treatments. Incorrect
Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered normal for a
teenager. (True Answer )Correct
888
Which of the following behavior patterns is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as
an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?
agoraphobia (True Answer )Correct
trichotillomania Incorrect
hoarding disorder Incorrect
889
Your abnormal-psychology instructor asks in class, What kinds of
treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive-related
disorders? Confidently (and accurately), you reply:
client-centered therapies and exposure therapies. Incorrect
exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs. (True Answer )
Correct
antidepressant drugs and biofeedback. Incorrect
biofeedback and relaxation training. Incorrect
890
Someone you know who has body dysmorphic disorder is considering
plastic surgery. Based on available research, what is your BEST advice?
Do it! Plastic surgery typically relieves body dysphoric symptoms.

Incorrect
Think about it. Although plastic surgery usually helps, it's pretty
expensive. Incorrect
Be careful. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body
dysphoric disorder actually feel worse afterwards. (True Answer )
Correct
Don't do it! Studies show that almost one-third of people who have
plastic surgery for body dysphoric disorder later attempt suicide.
Incorrect
891
Someone you know has tanorexia, and constantly tries to achieve a
darker complexion through sun and tanning booth exposure. The MOST
accurate diagnosis for this person is:
tanorexia (this is a legitimate obsessive-compulsive-related
disorders diagnosis). Incorrect
heliomania. Incorrect
no diagnosis; tanorexia is not yet considered a DSM disorder.
892
People who have a biological vulnerability for anxiety that is brought to
the surface by social/psychological factors develop generalized anxiety
disorders, according to the:
diathesis-stress model. (True Answer )Correct
cognitive-behavioral model. Incorrect
evolutionary perspective. Incorrect
893
A comprehensive approach that involves several techniques in treating
anxiety disorders is called:
a stress management program. (True Answer )Correct
preparedness. Incorrect
drug therapy. Incorrect experience a sudden bout of mania.
Incorrect
514
If you had only 15 minutes to conduct a preliminary clinical interview,
what information would you be sure to try to get, and why?
515
Assume you had to do a clinical assessment, and the only tests you
had available to you were the Rorschach, the Thematic Apperception
Test, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Which two
would you use, and why? What would be the strengths and
weaknesses of the two tests you chose?

516
Your choice: Describe in detail either the MMPI-2 or the TAT, being sure
to categorize the test of your choice, and describe its strengths,
weaknesses, and applications.
517
Describe the potential negative impact on assessment and/or diagnosis
of the following: ethnic minority client, immigrant client, and any
particular classification system.
518
Distinguish between neurological tests and neuropsychological tests,
giving examples of each, and describing in general how each type of
test is used diagnostically.
519
List and describe three important shortcomings of modern intelligence
tests.
520
Differentiate among naturalistic observation, analog observation, and
self-monitoring. Be sure to indicate under what conditions each would
work best.
521
Describe the purpose and features of DSM-5. Include the difference
between categorical information and dimensional information and
provide an example of each.
522
A classification system such as the DSM-5 is judged by its reliability
and validity. Define and discuss both reliability and validity and why
they are important criteria for DSM-5.
523
List four (4) key changes to DSM-5 from its previous edition.
524
Despite the fact that using diagnostic labels for psychological disorders
is extremely common, what are some ethical factors one ought to
consider in the use of diagnostic labels?
525
Provide evidence that psychotherapy is effective. What elements need
to be present for effectiveness?

526
What are the weaknesses in assessment? What can be done to address
these weaknesses? Be sure to address reliability, validity, and bias
issues.
527
A therapist evaluates a client prior to beginning therapy by compiling
detailed information about that individual. This approach is called
______.
idiographic (True Answer )
*
528
An analysis of how a person's behaviors are learned and reinforced is
called a(n) ______ analysis.
functional (True Answer )
*
529
The MOST likely theoretical orientation of a clinician who performs a
functional analysis of a patient is ______.
behavioral or cognitive (True Answer )
*
530
A test that has a high degree of consistency is said to have good
______.
reliability (True Answer )
*
531
If an examiner administered the same test now and in a week and
correlated the results, a low correlation coefficient would indicate poor
______ for the test.
reliability (True Answer )
*
532
If a test result indicates anxiety and there are also reports of anxiety
from spouse, parents, and co-workers, that test shows ______ validity.
concurrent (True Answer )
*
533
A clinician who uses a published interview schedule is conducting a(n)
______ interview.
structured (True Answer )
*
534
An assessment tool that consists of unstructured or ambiguous
material to which people are asked to respond is called a(n) ______.
projective test (True Answer )

*
535
A projective test that requires the client to describe what is happening
in the scene portrayed in a vague picture is the ______.
Thematic Apperception Test (True Answer )
*
536
A client has just responded true or false to several hundred statements
that may or may not apply to her (e.g., I certainly feel useless much
of the time). Minutes later, she receives a profile sheet that evaluates
her on 10 clinical scales, including
hypochondriasis, depression, and psychopathic deviation. She has
completed the ______.
MMPI or MMPI-2 (True Answer )
*
537
The technique that records brain waves through the patient's scalp is
______.
electroencephalography or EEG or electroencephalogram (True
Answer )
*
538
The method of assessing brain structure that involves taking pictures
of brain structure and activity is ______.
neuroimaging or brain scan (True Answer )
*
539
A person lies on a machine that creates a magnetic field around his
head, exciting hydrogen atoms in the brain. The signals given off by
these atoms are converted into a detailed picture of the brain. This
procedure is called ______.
magnetic resonance imaging or MRI (True Answer )
*
540
The assessment technique in which clinicians observe clients in their
everyday environment, such as a school or home, is called ______.
naturalistic observation (True Answer )
*
541
The inability to see or record all important behavior when making
observations is called ______.
overload (True Answer )
*
542
During clinical observation, the observer becomes fatigued or changes

the criteria that he or she has been using. This problem is known as
______.
observer drift (True Answer )
*
543
A disadvantage of using clinical observation to assess clients' behavior
is that the clinician may be influenced by information and expectations
that he or she already has about the client.
This problem is known as ______.
observer bias (True Answer )
*
544
A clinician asks one of his patients to record the frequency of his
hallucinations and the circumstances under which they occur. This
technique is called ______.
self-monitoring (True Answer )
*
545
The clinician uses the interpreted assessment information to arrive at a
technical description of a disorder called a(n) ______.
diagnosis (True Answer )
*
546
The DSM-5 requires clinicians to provide both ______ and ______
information as part of a proper diagnosis.
categorical; dimensional (True Answer )
*
547
The Severity of Illness Rating Scale is used to assess ______.
dimensional information (True Answer )
*
548
Developers of DSM-5 hope that the categories they have chosen to
include allow different clinicians to develop the same diagnosis for the
same condition. That is, they hope they have a system with high
______.
reliability or interrater reliability (True Answer )
*
549
A classification system is measured by its ______ and ______, which
demonstrate the assessment's accuracy in diagnosing mental
disorders.
reliability; validity (True Answer )
*
550
People with ______ levels of education are more likely to receive

therapy.
higher (True Answer )
*
551
The major focus of a clinical practitioner when dealing with a new
client is to gather what type of information?
diagnostic Incorrect
nomothetic Incorrect
idiographic (True Answer )Correct
dispassionate Incorrect
552
A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the behavior and
emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal psychology
is called:
nomothetic. Incorrect
idiographic. (True Answer )Correct
553
When graduate schools choose students based on test scores, college
grades, and relevant experience, they are engaging in:
assessment. (True Answer )Correct
diagnosis. Incorrect
classification. Incorrect
554
The process of evaluating a person's progress after being in treatment
is called a:
nomothetic approach. Incorrect
clinical assessment. (True Answer )Correct
behavioral diagnosis. Incorrect
functional analysis. Incorrect
555
A functional analysis involves:
using projective tests. Incorrect
learning about a person's behaviors. (True Answer )Correct
learning about unconscious conflicts in the client. Incorrect
obtaining information about the components of a person's
personality. Incorrect
556
One of the assumptions of a functional analysis is that:
abnormal behaviors are learned. (True Answer )Correct
abnormal behaviors are maladaptive. Incorrect
learning about unconscious conflicts will explain a person's
abnormal behavior. Incorrect
learning the structure of a person's personality will explain his or her

abnormal behavior. Incorrect
557
Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:
reliability. Incorrect
face validity. Incorrect
predictive validity. Incorrect
standardization. (True Answer )Correct
558
If a new test for anxiety is normed on individuals who are waiting to
take introductory psychology final exams, the new test is surely
lacking:
reliability. Incorrect
adequate standardization. (True Answer )Correct
validity. Incorrect
structure. Incorrect
559
A new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across time
for people, but very few people have taken the test, and accurate
norms don't exist. The test has:
high reliability, but inadequate standardization. (True Answer )
Correct
high reliability, and adequate standardization. Incorrect
low reliability, and inadequate standardization. Incorrect
low reliability, but adequate standardization. Incorrect
560
A clinician has developed a new assessment tool. Clients write stories
about their problems, then two different judges independently evaluate
the stories in terms of how logically they are written. For this
assessment technique to be useful, there must be:
high interrater reliability. (True Answer )Correct
low observer reliability. Incorrect
high split-half reliability. Incorrect
low testretest reliability. Incorrect
561
A panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results
and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at
the same diagnosis. The panel has high:
internal validity. Incorrect
interrater reliability. (True Answer )Correct
testretest reliability. Incorrect
562
A campus newspaper publishes an Exam Anxiety test, which was
put together by the newspaper staff one evening just before their
publishing deadline. Despite its hasty construction, the test MOST likely
has:
standardization. Incorrect
face validity. (True Answer )Correct
a standardization sample. Incorrect
563
An assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel
sad, in order to try to measure tendencies toward depression.
However, individuals report wide variation from day to day in terms of
the number of sad episodes they record. This assessment tool has:
high testretest reliability, and high face validity. Incorrect
high testretest reliability, and low face validity. Incorrect
low testretest reliability, and high face validity. (True Answer )
Correct
low testretest reliability, and low face validity. Incorrect
564
Because people who exhibit mania have very elevated moods, a new
test for mania includes questions about how happy the person feels
and how often he or she laughs. This test has:
face validity. (True Answer )Correct
content validity. Incorrect
construct validity. Incorrect
concurrent validity. Incorrect
565
A test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia.
Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of developing
schizophrenia within five years. The test may be said to have high:
internal reliability. Incorrect
predictive validity. (True Answer )Correct
concurrent validity. Incorrect
566
A new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who
later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it
produces results similar to those of other tools measuring depression.
Therefore, the new assessment tool has
good:
predictive validity. (True Answer )Correct
interjudge reliability. Incorrect
567
If a new test for assessing anorectic tendencies produces scores
comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorectic tendencies,
then the new test has high:

standardization criteria. Incorrect
concurrent validity. (True Answer )Correct
performance criteria. Incorrect
568
Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many
practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is:
validity. Incorrect
the reliability of the technique. Incorrect
the chance to get a general sense of the client. (True Answer )
Correct
that it asks only open-ended questions. Incorrect
569
Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. As she
responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point
she brought up. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr.
Martin has just:
used free association. Incorrect
conducted an unstructured interview. (True Answer )Correct
used a behavioral assessment technique. Incorrect
employed (Rogers') nondirective therapy. Incorrect
570
If a clinician begins by asking, Would you tell me about yourself? the
clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n):
mental status exam. Incorrect
interview schedule. Incorrect
structured interview. Incorrect
unstructured interview. (True Answer )Correct
571
The clinical interviewer MOST interested in stimuli that trigger
abnormal responses would have what orientation?
cognitive Incorrect
572
Among her other questions, a clinical interviewer asks, How do you
feel about yourself today? How do you feel about what's going on in
your life? MOST likely, the clinical interviewer's orientation is:
humanistic. (True Answer )Correct
573
If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family background
and community influences, MOST likely, that clinician's orientation is:
574
If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family medical
history, that clinician's orientation is MOST likely:
biological. (True Answer )Correct
575
An interviewer who asks a client questions such as Where are you
now?, Why do you think you're here?, or even Who are you? is
probably conducting a(n):
mental status exam. (True Answer )Correct
behavioral interview. Incorrect
sociocultural interview. Incorrect
intelligence test. Incorrect
576
A patient complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the
clinician concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person
does when he or she confronts that object. This clinician's orientation is
probably:
humanistic. Incorrect
577
One limitation of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that:
each client is different. Incorrect
the approach is too rigid. Incorrect
the client may give an overly positive picture. (True Answer )Correct
the clinician sees the client too infrequently. Incorrect
578
Which of the following is a reason to question the validity of clinical
interviews?
People respond differently to different interviewers. Incorrect
People may respond differently to clinicians who are not of their
race. Incorrect
On different days, people might describe themselves differently.
Incorrect
Clinicians might overemphasize pathology. (True Answer )Correct
579
Your friend says, I always trust my first impressions, especially when

my first impression of someone is negative. Based on research
dealing with clinical interviews, your BEST answer would be:
You're absolutely right; that's what the research shows. Incorrect
Be careful; the research shows that first impressions, especially
negative ones, may be inaccurate. (True Answer )Correct
You're partly right; first impressions are usually pretty accurate,
but only with favorable first impressions. Incorrect
You're partly right; first impressions usually aren't very accurate,
except for unfavorable first impressions. Incorrect
580
Personality assessment using projective tests is designed to:
perform a functional analysis of the client. Incorrect
learn about unconscious conflicts in the client. (True Answer )
Correct
obtain detailed information about specific dysfunctional behaviors.
Incorrect
obtain detailed information about specific dysfunctional cognitions.
Incorrect
581
The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools
is that:
they are relatively easy to score. Incorrect
the responses come from the client's unconscious. (True Answer )
Correct
they stimulate abnormal behaviors that the clinician can observe.
Incorrect
patient responses to specific stimuli will uncover specific disorders.
Incorrect
582
A clinician has developed a test that requires test takers to tell stories
about a series of pictures of city skylines. MOST likely, this new test is a
neuropsychological test. Incorrect
personality inventory. Incorrect
response inventory. Incorrect
projective test. (True Answer )Correct
583
When Rorschach testers ask questions like, Did the person respond
to the whole picture or to specific details, and to the colors or the white
spaces? they are interested in the ______of the response.
theme Incorrect
content Incorrect
style (True Answer )Correct
images Incorrect
584
When a clinician using the Rorschach focuses on the actual images

that a person sees, the clinician is emphasizing:
style. Incorrect
theme. (True Answer )Correct
color. Incorrect
latency to respond. Incorrect
585
The only test among the following that is NOT a projective test is the:
Rorschach. Incorrect
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. (True Answer )Correct
Draw-a-Person Test. Incorrect
Thematic Apperception Test. Incorrect
586
A patient looks at a series of black-and-white pictures, making up a
dramatic story about each. The patient is taking:
the Rorschach. Incorrect
the Thematic Apperception Test. (True Answer )Correct
the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Incorrect
an affective inventory. Incorrect
587
If a clinician focused on where you placed your drawing on the page,
the size of the drawing, and the parts you omitted, you MOST likely
took which of the following tests?
Rorschach Incorrect
TAT Incorrect
MMPI Incorrect
Draw-a-Person (True Answer )Correct
588
Use of projective tests has decreased in the past few decades because
projective tests often have:
interrater reliability that is too high. Incorrect
poor validity. (True Answer )Correct
rigid scoring standards. Incorrect
bias in favor of minority groups. Incorrect
589
Which of the following statements about the use of projective
techniques by today's clinicians is TRUE?
Projective tests are not used any more. Incorrect
The centrality of projective tests has declined since their
introduction. (True Answer )Correct
Current clinicians rely on projective tests as a primary source of
insight about their patients. Incorrect
Projective tests have a more prominent place in the clinician's
repertoire than they did 50 years ago. Incorrect
590
Which of the following tests is a personality inventory?
Draw-a-Person Incorrect
MMPI-2 (True Answer )Correct
Rorschach Incorrect
Thematic Apperception Test Incorrect
591
Clients check off either Applies or Does Not Apply to a series of
200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of
situations. The kind of test they are taking MOST likely is a:
projective test. Incorrect
personality inventory. (True Answer )Correct
neuropsychological battery. Incorrect
sentence-completion test. Incorrect
592
The test that reports one's results on clinical scales such as
hypochondriasis (HS) and Psychopathic deviate (PD) is the:
Sentence-Completion Test. Incorrect
Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test. Incorrect
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. (True Answer )Correct
593
Youssef is the kind of person who breaks laws and rules with no feeling
of guilt and is emotionally shallow. He would probably score high on
the MMPI-2 scale called:
paranoia. Incorrect
psychasthenia. Incorrect
psychopathic deviate. (True Answer )Correct
594
George is consumed with concern that his house will burn down. Before
he leaves, he makes sure that all his appliances are unplugged. He
often has to go back home and check to make sure he did not leave
any plugged in. Which MMPI-2 scale would he MOST likely score high
on?
schizophrenia Incorrect
psychasthenia (True Answer )Correct
social introversion Incorrect
psychopathic deviate Incorrect
595
Of the following, who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural
response as pathology?
an immigrant client Incorrect
an ethnic-minority client Incorrect
a dominant-culture assessor (True Answer )Correct
an ethnic-minority assessor Incorrect
596
The MMPI-2 is considered by many to be superior to the original MMPI

because the MMPI-2:
was tested on a more diverse group of people. (True Answer )
Correct
597
Compared to projective tests, personality inventories:
have higher validity. (True Answer )Correct
are less standardized. Incorrect
have lower reliability. Incorrect
are more difficult to administer and evaluate. Incorrect
598
Among the following, the test with the highest validity in identifying
psychological disturbances is the:
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test. (True Answer )Correct
Rorschach. Incorrect
Draw-a-Person. Incorrect
599
Compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have:
greater reliability and greater validity. (True Answer )Correct
greater reliability and poorer validity. Incorrect
poorer reliability but greater validity. Incorrect
poorer reliability and poorer validity. Incorrect
600
If a clinician wanted to know more detailed information about a
person's functioning in a specific area, the clinician would use:
a response inventory. (True Answer )Correct
a validity assessment. Incorrect
a measure of reliability. Incorrect
standardization. Incorrect
601
An inventory that asks about one's level of anxiety, depression, or
anger is a(n) ______ inventory.
cognitive Incorrect
affective (True Answer )Correct
social skills Incorrect
functional Incorrect
602
An inventory that asks about how one would act with others in a
variety of situations is a(n) ______ inventory.
cognitive Incorrect
affective Incorrect
social skills (True Answer )Correct
functional Incorrect
603
A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed

information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is a(n):
social skill inventory. Incorrect
cognitive inventory. (True Answer )Correct
affective inventory. Incorrect
behavioral inventory. Incorrect
604
Which of the following is designed to disclose a patient's thoughts and
assumptions?
the MMPI-2 Incorrect
the Rorschach Incorrect
an affective inventory Incorrect
a cognitive inventory (True Answer )Correct
605
Which of the following is a valid critique of the use of response
inventories?
Response inventories don't have good face validity. Incorrect
Response inventories are not used much these days. Incorrect
Response inventories are standardized too rigidly. Incorrect
Response inventories are improvised as the need arises and are not
well-tested. (True Answer )Correct
606
A person taking a polygraph test is suspected of lying when measures
of physiological variables such as heart rate and perspiration are:
higher for control than test questions. Incorrect
higher for test than control questions. (True Answer )Correct
evenly high for test and control questions. Incorrect
unchanging for test and control questions. Incorrect
607
A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin
response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a
series of questions. The type of clinical test being used is:
projective. Incorrect
psychophysiological. (True Answer )Correct
neuropsychological. Incorrect
affective response inventory. Incorrect
608
Which of the following is NOT a form of neuroimaging?
MRI Incorrect
CAT scan Incorrect
GSR (True Answer )Correct
PET Incorrect
609
Imagine that you are asked to give a scientific opinion on the use of
polygraphic evidence. Your BEST response would be:
Although they are used widely, they are not particularly reliable.
The APA endorses their use. Incorrect
On average, 50 out of 100 truths are categorized as lies.
Incorrect
Most courts admit evidence from polygraphs in criminal trials.
Incorrect
610
If your friend had her brain waves recorded in order to measure
electrical activity, she MOST likely had a(n):
PET scan. Incorrect
MRI. Incorrect
CAT scan. Incorrect
EEG. (True Answer )Correct
611
The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle
brain abnormalities is the:
neuropsychological test. (True Answer )Correct
intelligence test. Incorrect
psychophysiological test. Incorrect
612
The technique that uses X-rays of the brain taken at different angles to
create a static picture of the structure of the brain is called:
electroencephalography. Incorrect
magnetic resonance imaging. Incorrect
position emission tomography. Incorrect
computerized axial tomography. (True Answer )Correct
613
How does an MRI make a picture of the brain?
It measures the degree of activity in the various areas scanned.
Incorrect
It uses X-rays, and pictures are taken at several different angles.
Incorrect
It relies on the magnetic properties of the atoms in the cells
scanned. (True Answer )Correct
It uses a recording of the electrical impulses produced by the
neurons in the brain. Incorrect
614
If it were necessary to get the clearest and most accurate picture of
the physical anatomy of the brain in order to aid in the diagnosis of a
psychological disorder, the method of choice would be:
MMPI-2. Incorrect
fMRI. (True Answer )Correct
DAP. Incorrect
PET. Incorrect
615
A friend of yours is required to take a polygraph test as part of a job
application. This requirement is:
illegal; polygraph tests can't be used as part of a job application.
Incorrect
very rare; 20 years ago, such polygraph testing was common but
has almost disappeared today. Incorrect
legal; in fact, in some employment categories, polygraph use may
be on the increase. (True Answer )Correct
legal; in recent years, polygraph use has increased in both public
and private sector job applications. Incorrect
616
A prisoner eligible for parole is required to take a polygraph test.
Although the prisoner tells the truth in response to one question, the
polygraph operator records the response as a lie. According to recent
research, this kind of error is:
extremely common; over one-third of true statements are
interpreted as lies. Incorrect
unusual; less than 10 percent of true statements are interpreted as
lies. (True Answer )Correct
rare; less than 3 percent of true statements are interpreted as lies.
Incorrect
very rare; less than 1 percent of true statements are interpreted as
lies. Incorrect
617
When a person has organic brain impairment, that person would MOST
likely have difficulty completing:
a CAT scan. Incorrect
an EEG. Incorrect
the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test (True Answer )Correct
an MRI. Incorrect
618
A clinical diagnostician is dissatisfied with tests that cannot specify the
type of brain damage or brain impairment that clients have. Your BEST
suggestion for that diagnostician would be to use:
the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test. Incorrect
the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Incorrect
the Beck Inventory. Incorrect
a battery of neuropsychological tests. (True Answer )Correct
619
Binet and Simon are known for their work in creating a(n):
personality inventory. Incorrect
intelligence test. (True Answer )Correct
brain scan. Incorrect
620
A person with a mental age of 10 and a chronological age of 8 has an

IQ of:
125. (True Answer )Correct
80. Incorrect
150. Incorrect
40. Incorrect
621
Which category of clinical tests tends to have the BEST
standardization, reliability, and validity?
projective tests. Incorrect
intelligence tests. (True Answer )Correct
response inventories. Incorrect
personality inventories. Incorrect
622
A strength of intelligence tests include their:
lack of racial or cultural bias. Incorrect
accuracy even when test takers have high anxiety. Incorrect
relatively low reliability. Incorrect
large standardization sample. (True Answer )Correct
623
The MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their:
cultural fairness. (True Answer )Correct
624
A therapist's preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to
watch clients in their everyday environments and record their activities
and behaviors. This approach is known as:
self-monitoring. Incorrect
battery observation. Incorrect
structured observation. Incorrect
naturalistic observation. (True Answer )Correct
625
A clinician who is using naturalistic observation would be MOST likely
to do which of the following?
observe parentchild interactions in an office setting Incorrect
observe parentchild interactions in the family's home (True
Answer )Correct
have a parent self-monitor family interactions in an office setting
Incorrect
have a parent self-monitor family interactions at home Incorrect
626
Under the instructions of a psychologist, Tina's mother records the
number of times Tina hits her brother at home, and what happens
immediately prior to the hitting. In this situation, Tina's mother is:
a participant observer. (True Answer )Correct
demonstrating observer bias. Incorrect
conducting structured observations. Incorrect
engaging in self-monitoring behavior. Incorrect

627
The knowledge that a person a clinician is about to interview has
already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to:
reactivity. Incorrect
observer bias. (True Answer )Correct
observer drift. Incorrect
increased accuracy of the diagnosis. Incorrect
628
One way a clinician might try to reduce observer drift would be to:
increase the number of different behaviors being monitored.
Incorrect
try to focus on different aspects of one behavior being monitored.
Incorrect
decrease the lengths of the observation periods. (True Answer )
Correct
try not to learn too much about a client before making observations.
Incorrect
629
How difficult is it for a typical person to buy an intelligence test, or
view Rorschach cards?
Not difficult at all; one can buy intelligence tests and view Rorschach
cards online. (True Answer )Correct
Somewhat difficult; one can buy intelligence tests online, but cannot
view Rorschach cards online. Incorrect
Somewhat difficult; one can view Rorschach cards online, but cannot
buy intelligence tests online. Incorrect
Difficult; only those in the medical or psychological professions can
view Rorschach cards online, and buy intelligence tests online.
Incorrect
630
I've just experienced overload, says the participant observer. I
simply can't:
write down all the important things I'm seeing. (True Answer )
Correct
concentrate on my observations anymore. Incorrect
be impartial anymore. Incorrect
be sure the person I'm observing is acting like she usually would.
Incorrect
631
Imagine that you know you are being observed and you change your
behavior in order to make a good impression. This is known as:
observer bias. Incorrect
reactivity. (True Answer )Correct
naturalistic change. Incorrect
632
A student who is quiet in class might be the life of the party on the
weekend. Clinical observation of that student in class would lack:
validity. (True Answer )Correct
reactivity. Incorrect
an analog. Incorrect
633
A client reports having infrequent, but extremely disturbing, tactile
hallucinations. The MOST useful of the following ways to gather
information about this person would involve:
self-monitoring. (True Answer )Correct
naturalistic observations. Incorrect
structured observations. Incorrect
a neuropsychological battery. Incorrect
634
When someone is watching, Jennifer actually eats fewer sweets than
usual. This tendency to decrease a behavior while being observed is an
example of:
reactivity. (True Answer )Correct
poor reliability. Incorrect
635
An adult frequently displays symptoms of depression at home, but
seldom does so at work. In this case, clinical observations of this
person at home would lack:
structure. Incorrect
cross-situational validity. (True Answer )Correct
636
The term used to refer to the comprehensive view of the causes and
the maintenance of a person's abnormal behavior that a psychologist
develops is:
a model. Incorrect
a diagnosis. Incorrect
an interpretation. Incorrect
the clinical picture. (True Answer )Correct
637
Deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular
disorder is called:
assessment. Incorrect
diagnosis. (True Answer )Correct
triage. Incorrect
638
Symptoms such as sadness, loss of appetite, and low energy cluster
together to form a:
classification system. Incorrect
syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
medical condition. Incorrect
639
A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is
called a:
syndrome. (True Answer )Correct
classification system. Incorrect
DSM axis. Incorrect
treatment approach. Incorrect
640
Of the following statements, which is MOST accurate?
The DSM in some form has been in use for over 100 years. Incorrect
The DSM was originally developed by the American Psychoanalytic
Association. Incorrect
The DSM served as the model for the classification system Emile
Kraepelin later developed. Incorrect
The classification system Emil Kraepelin developed served as the
model for the DSM. (True Answer )Correct
641
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (presently
DSM-5) was developed by:
the American Psychoanalytic Association. Incorrect
the American Psychiatric Association. (True Answer )Correct
the American Psychological Association. Incorrect
the American Phrenological Association. Incorrect
642
If a clinician is using the ICD to make a diagnosis, MOST likely that
clinician is:
old-fashioned; the ICD has been out-of-date for over 30 years.
Incorrect
cognitive-behavioral in orientation; the ICD was developed by
cognitive-behavioral psychologists. Incorrect
practicing outside the United States. (True Answer )Correct
practicing in the United States. Incorrect
643
DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is:
used by the World Health Organization. Incorrect
most widely used in the United States. (True Answer )Correct
used for medical disorders. Incorrect
used exclusively for children. Incorrect
644
Approximately how many mental disorders does the DSM-5 list?

100 mental disorders Incorrect
400 mental disorders (True Answer )Correct
645
The DSM-5 is the first edition of the DSM that requires clinicians to
provide:
both categorical information and dimensional information. (True
Answer )Correct
only categorical information. Incorrect
only dimensional information. Incorrect
neither categorical information nor dimensional information.
Incorrect
646
Which of the following differentiates the DSM-5 from earlier versions of
the DSM?
Psychologists, not psychiatrists, are primarily responsible for the
DSM-5. Incorrect
Psychiatrists, not psychologists, are primarily responsible for the
DSM-5. Incorrect
The DSM-5 does not require both dimensional and categorical
information. Incorrect
The DSM-5 requires both dimensional and categorical information.
647
A friend says to you, I wonder how likely I am to qualify for a DSM
diagnosis in my lifetime. Based upon survey results, your MOST
accurate answer would be (assuming your friend is typical):
Unlikely; about 10 percent of people would ever qualify for a DSM
Somewhat unlikely; about 20 percent of people would ever qualify
for a DSM diagnosis. Incorrect
Pretty likely; about one-third of people would ever qualify
for a DSM diagnosis. Incorrect
Likely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM
diagnosis. (True Answer )Correct
648
Of the people who would qualify for a DSM diagnosis in their lifetime,
surveys show what percent would show comorbidity?
about 28 percent (True Answer )Correct
649
The existence of disorders such as koro, susto, amok, and windigo

remind us that:
people in other cultures experience much worse disorders than we
do. Incorrect
people experience the same disorders around the world, but call
them different things. Incorrect
culture and diagnosis should be entirely independent. Incorrect
classifications applied in one culture may not be appropriate in
another. (True Answer )Correct
650
Assessment tools such as the Severity of Illness Rating Scale are used
to provide what kind of information for making a diagnosis?
categorical Incorrect
dimensional (True Answer )Correct
psychosocial Incorrect
651
A clinician can include three kinds of information in making a
diagnosis: a diagnostic category, a severity rating for the disorder, and
additional information about possibly relevant medical conditions and
sociocultural factors. According to the DSM-5, a clinician is required to
include:
all three kinds of information. Incorrect
a diagnostic category and additional information, but not a severity
rating. Incorrect
a diagnostic category and a severity rating, but not additional
information. (True Answer )Correct
a diagnostic category and a severity rating, but only additional
medical information Incorrect
652
Compared to the original DSM, which appeared in the 1950s, the DSM5 has:
over five times as many diagnostic categories. (True Answer )
Correct
about twice as many diagnostic categories. Incorrect
slightly more diagnostic categories. Incorrect
slightly fewer diagnostic categories. Incorrect
653
Dr. Ross and Dr. Carman agree that Suzette is suffering from
posttraumatic stress disorder. Their judgment is said to have:
reliability. (True Answer )Correct
generalizability. Incorrect
external validity. Incorrect
654
The greater reliability of the DSM-5 over earlier versions is MOST likely
because of its:
ability to predict the outcome of disorders more accurately.
Incorrect
greater applicability to minority populations. Incorrect
greater reliance on labeling mental disorders. Incorrect
field trials of new criteria and categories. (True Answer )Correct
655
Which of the following is NOT a procedure that DSM-5 developers relied
on to improve reliability?
conducting field trials for new criteria and categories Incorrect
reducing substantially the number of different diagnostic categories
conducting extensive research reviews Incorrect
increasing the number of diagnostic categories and criteria Incorrect
656
Concerns about the reliability and validity of the DSM-5 diagnoses are
MOST likely to center on which factors?
categories based on weak research, and reflecting bias (for
example, gender or racial bias) (True Answer )Correct
categories based on field research, and reflecting bias (for example,
gender or racial bias). Incorrect
categories that reflect overly restrictive descriptions Incorrect
categories too few in number to represent the breadth of human
psychological disorders Incorrect
657
DSM-5 tried to ensure the validity of the new edition by using all of the
following procedures EXCEPT:
decreasing the number of diagnostic categories. Incorrect
increasing the accuracy of predicting future symptoms of disorders.
Incorrect
consulting with clinical advisors. (True Answer )Correct
conducting extensive research reviews. Incorrect
658
The DSM-5 task force and various work groups:
got going within a year of the publication of the DSM-IV. Incorrect
began their work in 2006. (True Answer )Correct
began their work in 2010. Incorrect
won't start their work until 2016, at the earliest. Incorrect
659
A present-day clinician uses terms like dementia and mental
retardation for diagnostic categories. That clinician is using terms:
common to both the DSM-5 and previous forms of the DSM.
Incorrect
not used in the DSM-5 but used in previous forms of the DSM. (True
Answer )Correct
used in the DSM-5 but not used in previous forms of the DSM.
Incorrect
not used in either the DSM-5 or in previous forms of the DSM.
Incorrect
660
In DSM-5, which of the following diagnostic categories would no longer
be considered an anxiety disorder?
Asperger's syndrome Incorrect
binge eating disorder Incorrect
specific phobia Incorrect
661
Studies show that if you want the MOST accurate assessment of a
psychological disorder, what is better, judgments of clinicians or
computer models and actuarial tables?
judgments of clinicians; they're about 10 percent more accurate
Incorrect
judgments of clinicians; they're about 35 percent more
accurate Incorrect
judgments of computer models and actuarial tables; they're about
10 percent more accurate (True Answer )Correct
judgments of computer models and actuarial tables; they're about
35 percent more accurate Incorrect
662
Studies show that errors in diagnosis MOST commonly involve
information gathered:
early in the assessment process, and in a hospital setting. (True
Answer )Correct
late in the assessment process, and in a hospital setting. Incorrect
early in the assessment process, and in a private office setting.
Incorrect
late in the assessment process, and in a private office setting.
Incorrect
663
Studies of diagnostic conclusions made by clinicians show that:
they overemphasize information gathered early in the assessment
process. Incorrect
they pay too much attention to some information and too little to
other information. (True Answer )Correct
they don't allow enough of their own expectations to enter into the
decision. Incorrect
they do not allow their own biases to play a role in their decisions.
Incorrect
664
Recently, a client diagnosed with schizophrenia has begun to exhibit

more symptoms, often saying, They tell me I'm crazy, so I must be
crazy. MOST likely, this is an example of:
self-fulfilling prophecy. (True Answer )Correct
therapist bias. Incorrect
nomothetic disturbance. Incorrect
665
An institutionalized individual behaving abnormally says, The doctor
claims I'm schizophrenic! How else would you expect me to act? The
individual's comments reflect:
misdiagnosis. Incorrect
reading-in-syndrome. Incorrect
a misunderstanding of multiaxial diagnosis. Incorrect
self-fulfilling prophecy. (True Answer )Correct
666
After some people are told their DSM diagnoses, their symptoms
appear to stay the same or even get worse. Many theorists would
attribute this to the development of:
generalized anxiety. Incorrect
self-fulfilling prophecies. Incorrect
somatic symptom disorders, as opposed to psychiatric disorders.
Incorrect
crises of faith. (True Answer )Correct
667
Surveys show that over 1/3 (33 percent) of Americans:
think they should be able to deal with their psychological problems
on their own. Incorrect
would not tell their boss they were receiving mental health
would not want to go to a therapist to get a required diagnosis.
Incorrect
668
A friend of yours says, I'm not going to the counseling center; my
friends will think I'm mentally ill! Your friend's attitude is:
common: about one-third of people surveyed expressed a similar
opinion. (True Answer )Correct
very common: over half of people surveyed expressed a similar
opinion. Incorrect
not very common: about one-tenth of people surveyed expressed a
similar opinion. Incorrect
rare: only about 2 out of 100 people surveyed expressed a similar
opinion. Incorrect
669
Let's just do away with diagnosis, says a clinician, all we do is

make things worse. That clinician's viewpoint is:
shared by a strong majority of those working in the area of
abnormality. Incorrect
shared by almost nobody working in the area of abnormality.
Incorrect
shared by some of those working in the area of abnormality. (True
Answer )Correct
represented in the DSM-5, which does not require a specific
670
A clinical psychologist you know says, How do I decide on the best
treatment? Simple, I make sure to read the most recent
research studies in therapy, and follow their advice. The clinical
psychologist you know is:
typical; almost all therapists read about and use the most current
forms of therapy. Incorrect
common; most therapists read about and use the most current
forms of therapy. Incorrect
unusual; most therapists base therapy decisions on something
besides what they can read in research journals. (True Answer )Correct
rare; almost all therapists make treatment decisions based upon
what's available on Web sites. Incorrect
671
A clinical psychologist you know says, How do I decide on the best
treatment? Simple, I make sure to read the most recent research
studies in therapy, and follow their advice. The clinical psychologist
believes in using:
intuitively-based treatment. Incorrect
culture-constrained treatment. Incorrect
evidence-based treatment. (True Answer )Correct
meta-analytical treatment. Incorrect
672
Studies show that most therapists these days are MOST likely to learn
about the latest information on treatment of psychological disorders
from:
reading research articles. Incorrect
talking with professional colleagues. (True Answer )Correct
conducting their own research. Incorrect
writing grants. Incorrect
673
Therapies that have received clear research support are called:
meta-analyses. Incorrect
idiographic. Incorrect
evidence-based. (True Answer )Correct
outcome complex. Incorrect
674
Standardizing and combining the findings of many different studies is
called:
outcome study. Incorrect
rapprochement. Incorrect
eclecticism. Incorrect
meta-analysis. (True Answer )Correct
675
In order to study the general effectiveness of treatment, Smith and
Glass and their colleagues performed a(n):
meta-analysis of many studies. (True Answer )Correct
analysis of their clinical cases. Incorrect
survey of many clients who had received therapy. Incorrect
controlled study that involved random assignment of subjects to
treatment conditions. Incorrect
676
Support for the use of evidence-based forms of psychotherapy:
has declined in recent years. Incorrect
has increased in recent years. (True Answer )Correct
has been stable for many years. Incorrect
increased a few years ago, but is now declining. Incorrect
677
Patients receiving therapy for a psychological problem, on average,
experience improvement greater than do ______ of people with similar
problems who do not receive treatment.
0 percent Incorrect
678
Those who are MOST likely to visit suicide sites on the Internet
sites that celebrate suicide and describe ways to commit suicideare:
the elderly, who are at low risk for imitative suicidal behavior.
Incorrect
the elderly, who are at high risk for imitative suicidal behavior.
Incorrect
teenagers and young adults, who are at low risk for imitative
suicidal behavior. Incorrect
teenagers and young adults, who are at high risk for imitative
suicidal behavior. (True Answer )Correct
679
If you consulted a pro-anorexia site on the Internet, you would learn
about:
how to eat in a healthful manner. Incorrect
how to eliminate guilt when eating too much. Incorrect
effective treatments for anorexia. Incorrect
how to be a better anorexic. (True Answer )Correct

680
You know, it really doesn't matter. One kind of psychotherapy is
generally just about as good as any other. One who agrees with this
statement is:
making an accurate statement about what we know about
falling victim to the uniformity myth. (True Answer )Correct
accurately reflecting the findings of most meta-analyses. Incorrect
failing to notice therapeutic rapprochement. Incorrect
681
The movement that has tried to find the common strategies that
good therapists use is called:
uniformity. Incorrect
particularity. Incorrect
rapprochement. (True Answer )Correct
idiosyncatics. Incorrect
682
A college graduate is:
more likely to seek therapy than someone who goes on to graduate
school. Incorrect
equally likely to seek therapy as those with a high school education.
Incorrect
less likely than someone with a postgraduate degree to seek
less likely than someone with a high school degree to seek therapy.
Incorrect
683
A person who primarily prescribes medication but does not conduct
psychotherapy is called a:
pharmacist. Incorrect
psychopharmacologist. (True Answer )Correct
family practice nurse. Incorrect
684
Surveys of very successful therapists show that they generally do all of
the following EXCEPT:
disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might
benefit. (True Answer )Correct
help clients focus more on the clients' behaviors. Incorrect
pay attention to their interactions with their clients. Incorrect
All the answers are true about very successful
therapists. Incorrect
685
A psychiatrist says, I'm a strong believer in a combined approach to
therapy. In fact, I frequently participate in combined approaches,
although I don't do psychotherapy. Based on this statement, the MOST

likely specialty of the psychiatrist is:
eclecticism. Incorrect
psychopharmacology. (True Answer )Correct
rapprochement. Incorrect
cognitive-behavioral. Incorrect
686
Those who are MOST likely to have been in therapy at some time in
their lives are those:
with graduate education, and the elderly. Incorrect
from the Northeast, and men. Incorrect
who are middle-aged, and women. (True Answer )Correct
who are from the West, and those with a high school diploma only.
Incorrect
687
Which of the following is the BEST conclusion you could draw about the
effectiveness of the various assessment techniques?
There is one standard assessment battery used by all clinicians.
Incorrect
When all is said and done, no technique stands out as superior.
Clinicians have abandoned the use of assessment. Incorrect
Assessment is used at the beginning of therapy but not thereafter.
Incorrect
688
If a graph shows the years of the twentieth century along the
horizontal axis, and confidence in assessment of abnormality?from low
confidence to high confidence?going up the vertical axis, then
confidence in assessment of abnormality over the past 50 years would
be a(n):
??-shaped function?high, then low, then high. (True Answer )Correct
inverted ??-shaped function?low, then high, then low. Incorrect
decreasing linear function (\)?steadily decreasing confidence.
Incorrect
increasing linear function (/)?steadily increasing confidence.
Incorrect
689
Which of the following factors leads to increased respect for
assessment and diagnosis?
the ability to identify disorders without assessment Incorrect
more global and less precise DSM-IV-TR categories Incorrect
increased assessment research (True Answer )Correct
decreased emphasis on clinical studies involving real patients
Incorrect
690
There has been a recent increase in attention to and research in

assessment. That said, use of effective assessment tools may be
decreasing because:
today's clinicians simply aren't trained well enough in their uses.
Incorrect
most assessment tools are too simplistic, and patients can figure out
the right answers. Incorrect
there are too many from which to choose. Incorrect
they are expensive to administer and evaluate. (True Answer )
Correct
343
Discuss how the humanistic-existential model and the biological model
differ in their understanding of causes of abnormality.
344
Choose any two of the following modelspsychodynamic, behavioral,
and sociologicalthen describe how each could explain an abnormal
fear of dogs.
345
What are some advantages and disadvantages of using drugs in
psychotherapy?
346
If a friend of yours needed to be treated for depression, what would be
advantages and disadvantages of your friend receiving either
psychodynamic therapy or cognitive therapy? Which of these two
alternatives would you recommend to your friend?
347
Group therapy, family therapy, and couple therapy were described in
the Family-Social section of Chapter 3. However, therapists who use
these types of therapy often follow other models. Please describe how
a therapist following either a behavioral or a humanistic model might
do therapy, using one of the three forms of therapy referred to in the
second essay question.
348
One unique part of the sociocultural model is the community
treatment aspect, a key component of which is prevention. How do
community treatment advocates accomplish prevention?
349
Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Provide an
example of each.
350
Discuss the reasons that culture-sensitive therapy arose and the
challenges it seeks to address.
351
Please describe the origins of abnormality according to any three of
these models of abnormality: sociocultural, psychodynamic, behavioral,
cognitive, humanistic-existential, biological.
352
Explain the biopsychosocial approach to understanding the causes of
abnormality. Provide an example of how this approach might be
applied to the causes of depression.
353
Many clinicians view their approach as eclectic. What is an eclectic
approach to abnormality? Describe at least one example of an eclectic
approach to abnormality.
354
The explicit set of basic assumptions that gives structure to the
understanding and investigation of an area is called a(n) ______.
paradigm or model (True Answer )
*
355
According to the ______ model, physical processes are the cause of all
human behavior.
biological (True Answer )
*
356
According to psychoanalytic theory, the basic part of the personality
focused on instinctual needs is the ______.
id (True Answer )
*
357
The superego can also be called the ______.
conscience (True Answer )
*
358
Ramon tries not to do bad things (he feels guilty when he does) and to
live up to his parents' expectations. According to psychoanalytic
theory, he has a well-developed ______.
superego (True Answer )
*
359
Infants are in the ______ stage, according to psychoanalytic theory.
oral (True Answer )

*
360
Adolescents are in the ______ stage, according to psychoanalytic theory.
genital (True Answer )
*
361
Relationships are the focus of the psychodynamic approach called
______ theory.
object relations (True Answer )
*
362
The patient says whatever comes into her mind in the psychodynamic
technique called ______.
free association (True Answer )
*
363
If a patient changes the subject during psychodynamic therapy, the
therapist might interpret it as ______.
resistance (True Answer )
*
364
The underlying symbolic meaning of a dream is its ______ content.
latent (True Answer )
*
365
When a person describes a dream, he or she is MOST likely describing
the ______ content.
manifest (True Answer )
*
366
Learned behaviors are the focus of the ______ approach.
*
367
You have a slightly depressed child and decide to treat this condition
by responding to the child only when he does or says happy things.
Your response to the child is a(n) ______, according to the behavioral
model.
reward (True Answer )
*
368
According to the behavioral model, learning through observation is
called ______.
modeling (True Answer )
*
369
Learning without direct reinforcement but by watching others is part of
the behavioral approach. It is called ______.
*
370
Two-year-old Carol watches a cooking show on television and then goes
into the kitchen to bake a cake. This is an example of ______.
*
371
If a friend bites into a grapefruit in front of you, you are likely to
salivate. The sight of the grapefruit is a(n) ______.
conditioned stimulus (True Answer )
*
372
The MOST common technique used by behavioral therapists to treat
phobias is ______.
systematic desensitization (True Answer )
*
373
Self-confidence is similar to the concept of ______ in Bandura's
behavioral approach.
self-efficacy (True Answer )
*
374
The ______ model focuses on the processes and content of thinking.
cognitive (True Answer )
*
375
People get depressed because they have depressing thoughts. This
statement is consistent with the ______ model.
*
376
Challenging a client's inaccurate assumption is a specific feature of
______ therapy.
*
377
Albert Ellis believes that abnormal behavior stems from a set of ______
that some people hold.
assumptions and attitudes (True Answer )
*
378
The role of values and free choice is the central focus of the ______
model.
humanistic-existential (True Answer )
*
379
Living an authentic life is a goal of ______ therapy.
existential (True Answer )
*
380
According to Rogers' humanistic approach, children need ______ to later
self-actualize.
unconditional positive regard (True Answer )
*
381
Rogers' humanistic approach to therapy involves the use of support
and acceptance for everything that the client says. This is called
______.
unconditional positive regard (True Answer )
*
382
In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as:
facts. Incorrect
theories. Incorrect
paradigms. (True Answer )Correct
hypotheses. Incorrect
383
The model or paradigm an investigator uses influences:
the symptoms of a particular disorder. Incorrect
the treatment that is most effective for a disorder. Incorrect
the questions and observations the investigator uses. (True Answer )
Correct
the culture in which the disorder is found. Incorrect
384
The paradigm or model adopted by people in the Middle Ages to
explain abnormal behavior would have been:
demonological. (True Answer )Correct
385
The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the
key to behavior is the:
biological model. (True Answer )Correct
sociocultural model. Incorrect
humanistic-existential model. Incorrect
386
The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and
culture is the:
387
The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal
processes and conflicts in behavior is the:
psychodynamic model. (True Answer )Correct
388
Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in
explaining abnormality. Which model of abnormality does this quote
MOST closely represent?
cognitive Incorrect
389
The model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the:
behavioral model. (True Answer )Correct
390
The model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the:
cognitive model. (True Answer )Correct
391
Abnormal behaviorsindeed, all behaviorsare acquired through
learning. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely
represent?
cognitive Incorrect
392
The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and
choices in behavior is the:

humanistic-existential model. (True Answer )Correct
393
Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality.
Which of the following would be a part of your paradigm?
the humanistic-existential model Incorrect
the family-social perspective (True Answer )Correct
the cognitive model Incorrect
the psychodynamic model Incorrect
394
One who believes the multicultural perspective is the correct way to
think about abnormality comes from which of the following paradigms?
biocultural Incorrect
psychocultural Incorrect
cognitive-cultural Incorrect
395
Huntington's disease, which has psychological as well as physical
aspects, results from loss of cells in the:
corpus callosum. Incorrect
basal ganglia. (True Answer )Correct
hippocampus. Incorrect
amygdala. Incorrect
396
Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called:
dendrites. Incorrect
axons. Incorrect
neurotransmitters. Incorrect
synapses. (True Answer )Correct
397
Depression has been linked to which neurotransmitter abnormality?
low activity of GABA Incorrect
absence of dopamine Incorrect
low activity of serotonin (True Answer )Correct
excessive activity of norepinephrine Incorrect
398
Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to
the release of:
hormones. (True Answer )Correct
neurotransmitters. Incorrect
neurons. Incorrect
genes. Incorrect
399
Identifying which genes help cause various human disorders rests with
the ability to:
clone individuals. Incorrect

map or sequence genes. (True Answer )Correct
insert RNA into genes. Incorrect
control mutations. Incorrect
400
One who takes an evolutionary perspective with respect to abnormal
behavior would be MOST likely to agree that:
genome mapping is a waste of time. Incorrect
the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is
fundamentally different. Incorrect
at one time what is now often seen as abnormal helped us survive.
people can inherit physical but not mental capacities. Incorrect
401
Critics of the evolutional perspective of abnormal behavior cite all of
the following EXCEPT:
It is difficult to research this perspective. Incorrect
The perspective is overly precise. (True Answer )Correct
It requires leaps of faith to believe in this perspective. Incorrect
The perspective rests on an interaction of genes and environment.
Incorrect
402
Current research suggests that schizophrenia may be related to:
bacterial infections at the time of puberty. Incorrect
a resistance to antibiotics. Incorrect
viral infection in utero. (True Answer )Correct
hormonal imbalances. Incorrect
403
An important factor to consider in using drugs for the treatment of
abnormality would be that:
some people do not benefit from drug treatments. (True Answer )
Correct
drugs cannot be combined with other forms of treatment. Incorrect
drugs are not very effective in the treatment of
drugs should not be used unless surgery has been unsuccessful.
Incorrect
404
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment
of:
405
When a subject is participating in the final testing phase of a drug

study, which of the following is taking place?
The drug is being tested on animals. Incorrect
The subject is being asked about any unexpected long-term effects.
Incorrect
The safety of the drug is being assessed by the subject. Incorrect
The subject is helping to determine the drug's efficacy and side
effects. (True Answer )Correct
406
During the preclinical phase of a drug study, researchers are:
figuring out safe dosages of the drug in people. Incorrect
looking for long-term and unexpected side effects. Incorrect
submitting the drug to the FDA for approval. Incorrect
testing the drug on animals. (True Answer )Correct
407
An assumption of determinism is that abnormal behaviors:
are learned. Incorrect
are not accidental. (True Answer )Correct
have physiological bases. Incorrect
are due to unconscious conflicts. Incorrect
408
Which of the following is TRUE of psychological conflicts according to
psychoanalysis?
They are always sexual in nature. Incorrect
They are tied to experiences early in life. (True Answer )Correct
They are only a problem when they reach consciousness. Incorrect
They are unconscious, and therefore not a factor in conscious
experience. Incorrect
409
Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality
were the:
instincts, the ego, and the self. Incorrect
biological forces, culture, and learning. Incorrect
consciousness, unconsciousness, and instincts. Incorrect
instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards. (True
Answer )Correct
410
The ______ operates in accord with the pleasure principle.
id (True Answer )Correct
superego Incorrect
erogenous zone Incorrect
ego Incorrect
411
Barney's mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which of the
following would suggest most strongly that the id is firmly in control of
Barney's behavior?
Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs. (True Answer )Correct
Barney wants the cookies desperately but asks his mother for a
couple. Incorrect
Barney waits for his mother to leave the room, takes a few cookies,
and runs away. Incorrect
Barney asks for some cookies in a whiney voice and throws a
tantrum when he is denied. Incorrect
412
Freud believed that the source of energy that fuels the id:
is defense mechanisms. Incorrect
is the libido. (True Answer )Correct
is conscious. Incorrect
is learned. Incorrect
413
According to Freud, a woman's pleasure from nursing her baby is
reflected in which part of the personality?
id (True Answer )Correct
ego Incorrect
superego Incorrect
ego ideal Incorrect
414
Infants tend to do things that feel good. This is in accord with what
Freud called:
reflex. Incorrect
the pleasure principle. (True Answer )Correct
primary process thought. Incorrect
secondary process thought. Incorrect
415
What is libido?
the same as the id Incorrect
the source of pleasure Incorrect
the sexual energy of the id (True Answer )Correct
the sum of the id's instinctual needs Incorrect
416
The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and
cannot express our impulses is the:
id. Incorrect
ego. (True Answer )Correct
superego. Incorrect
libido. Incorrect
417
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality
that is the conscience is the:
id. Incorrect
ego. Incorrect
superego. (True Answer )Correct
ego ideal. Incorrect

418
What we would call conscience is MOST like what Freud would call
the:
defense mechanism. Incorrect
superego. (True Answer )Correct
ego. Incorrect
erogenous zone. Incorrect
419
A woman has had an abortion for which she feels very guilty and as a
result takes a strong pro-life stance. The defense mechanism that BEST
explains her behavior is:
reaction formation. (True Answer )Correct
denial. Incorrect
projection. Incorrect
420
A patient's initial reaction to being told she has an STI is to insist that
the nurse made a mistake with the test. The defense mechanism that
BEST explains this behavior is:
denial. (True Answer )Correct
rationalization. Incorrect
421
You blame your poor performance on a test that you didn't study for on
all the other work you had to do. The defense mechanism that BEST
explains your behavior is:
denial. Incorrect
rationalization. (True Answer )Correct
intellectualization. Incorrect
422
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of
the id, ego, and superego can lead to entrapment at a developmental
level. This is called:
fixation. (True Answer )Correct
neurosis. Incorrect
repression. Incorrect
displacement. Incorrect
423
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the:
oral stage. (True Answer )Correct
anal stage. Incorrect
phallic stage. Incorrect
latency stage. Incorrect
424
A general term used for theories such as Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's is:
psychiatric. Incorrect
psychodynamic. (True Answer )Correct
psychophysical. Incorrect
425
The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of:
ego theory. Incorrect
self theory. Incorrect
psychoanalytic theory. Incorrect
object relations theory. (True Answer )Correct
426
?The force that operates on the 'reality principle' is an independent,
powerful force in human functioning.? The kind of theorist who would
agree MOST strongly with this statement would be a(n) ______
therapist.
classical Freudian Incorrect
self Incorrect
object relations Incorrect
ego (True Answer )Correct
427
The role of the unified personality is a central theme of:
ego theory. Incorrect
self theory. (True Answer )Correct
psychoanalytic theory. Incorrect
object relations theory. Incorrect
428
The model MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover
unconscious processes is the ______ model.
cognitive Incorrect
429
Colin is asked to free associate about his mother's new husband and
he responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist
would consider this an example of:
catharsis. Incorrect
resistance. (True Answer )Correct
transference. Incorrect
countertransference. Incorrect
430
The model MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during
therapy is the ______ model.
cognitive Incorrect
431
The model MOST likely to use terms such as resistance and
transference is the ______ model.
humanist-existential Incorrect
432
According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following is TRUE
regarding dreams?
They are without real importance. Incorrect
They reflect our unconscious desires and needs. (True Answer )
Correct
They are a means of reprocessing information necessary for
survival. Incorrect
They are the brain's attempts to understand abnormal electrical
activity. Incorrect
433
According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams
is:
positive transference. Incorrect
negative transference. Incorrect
manifest content. Incorrect
latent content. (True Answer )Correct
434
If a patient relives past STIfeelings, that patient is said to have
experienced ______, according to psychoanalysts.
repression Incorrect
transference Incorrect
resistance Incorrect
catharsis (True Answer )Correct
435
Teresa has been told that her course of therapy is likely to take a year
or more because it involves the reshaping of her personality and that
takes many sessions. Her therapy is MOST likely:
client-centered therapy. Incorrect
existential-humanistic therapy. Incorrect
436
A patient participates in weekly therapy for several years, gradually
becoming aware of the impact of early life events on present
functioning. The form of psychotherapy the patient is
receiving is called:
drug therapy Incorrect
behavior therapy. Incorrect
437
If a patient chose a dynamic focus for therapy, the patient would MOST
likely be receiving:
relational psychoanalytic therapy. Incorrect
psychoanalysis. Incorrect
extended psychoanalytic therapy. Incorrect
short-term psychodynamic therapy. (True Answer )Correct
438
Which of the following dreams is the MOST common?
being a child again Incorrect
flying in the air Incorrect
being on the verge of falling Incorrect
being chased or pursued (True Answer )Correct
439
Evidence in support of the psychodynamic model has come primarily
from:
lab-based human experimentation. Incorrect
experiments carried out in real-world settings. Incorrect
surveys. Incorrect
case studies. (True Answer )Correct
440
Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy:
is research based. Incorrect
comes from pharmaceutical companies. Incorrect
comes from double-blind studies. Incorrect
is limited to case studies. (True Answer )Correct
441
Evidence that supports the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies
has come from:
longitudinal experimental studies. Incorrect
individual case studies. (True Answer )Correct
controlled correlational studies. Incorrect
carefully controlled experiments. Incorrect
442
Theory focused on learned responses to the environment is usually
described as:
psychoanalytic. Incorrect
443
When a young child yells and throws toys (temper tantrum), the
parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on, the
temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral
psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from:
unresolved intrapsychic conflict. Incorrect
operant conditioning. (True Answer )Correct
neurotransmitter imbalances. Incorrect
444
The only time that Timmy gets attention is when he misbehaves in a
bizarre way. This is an example of:
shaping. Incorrect
modeling. Incorrect
operant conditioning. (True Answer )Correct
classical conditioning. Incorrect
445
Animals and humans learn without reinforcement. They learn just by
watching. This form of learning is called:
shaping. Incorrect
446
Jamal observed his parents' generous behavior throughout his
childhood. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude
toward the world. According to the behavioral model, Jamal has
acquired his lifestyle through the process of:
self-actualization. Incorrect
447
The model MOST likely to emphasize the importance of one's history of
conditioning as the source of depression is the ______ model.
448
The model emphasizing the importance of conditioning in determining
human actions is the ______ model.
cognitive Incorrect
449
When I was young, I met a large dog. I wasn't afraid of the dog, but as
I tried to pet it, the dog snarled and jumped at me. I have been afraid
of dogs ever since. A therapist who assumes that this sentence
describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely
favors which model of abnormality?
cognitive Incorrect
450
A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later
very afraid of the park. According to classical conditioning, the park is
a(n):
451
A previously neutral environmental event that becomes associated
with the unconditioned stimulus is called a(n):
learned stimulus. Incorrect
discriminative stimulus. Incorrect
452
If you imagine biting into a big, juicy, sour lemon, you are likely to
salivate. The lemon is an example of a(n):
unconditioned stimulus. (True Answer )Correct
453
If you close your eyes and imagine biting into a big, sour lemon, you
are likely to salivate. The salivation to this imagery is an example of
a(n):
conditioned response. (True Answer )Correct
454
The first step in using the treatment called systematic
desensitization is to:
construct a fear hierarchy. Incorrect
construct a list of useful reinforcers. Incorrect
confront the client with the feared stimulus or thought. Incorrect
teach the skill of relaxation over the course of several sessions.

455
A client in a totally relaxed state vividly imagines formerly anxietyarousing situations without feeling any lingering anxiety. MOST likely,
that client has just completed what type of therapy?
Freudian psychoanalysis Incorrect
systematic desensitization (True Answer )Correct
cognitive therapy Incorrect
456
Systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in
the treatment of:
bipolar disorders. Incorrect
phobias. (True Answer )Correct
substance abuse disorders. Incorrect
457
Today, ______ clinical psychology is the MOST popular theoretical
orientation among professional psychologists.
458
Behavior therapy:
can be tested in the lab. (True Answer )Correct
cannot explain the origin of abnormal behavior. Incorrect
does not have associated therapeutic techniques. Incorrect
is not based on research. Incorrect
459
If you believe that you can master and perform needed behaviors
whenever necessary, Bandura would say that you had a positive sense
of:
overgeneralization. Incorrect
self-efficacy. (True Answer )Correct
modeling. Incorrect
460
Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by
various forms of conditioning. The orientation of the author of this
quote MOST likely would be:
cognitive-behavioral. (True Answer )Correct
humanistic-existential. Incorrect
psychodynamic-Gestalt. Incorrect
self-efficacious. Incorrect
461
An athlete who is in fact well-prepared nevertheless thinks just before
a contest, I can't do this! I need to be perfect, and I know I'm going to
fail! The theorist who would focus on the athlete's illogical thinking
process as a key factor in his subsequent poor performance MOST
likely would support which model of abnormality?
existential Incorrect
462
The form of therapy that helps clients recognize errors in logic, and to
try out new interpretations of events, is:
Gestalt. Incorrect
463
Henry goes into a fit of depression and self-abuse when anyone
criticizes or expresses disapproval. Much of what he does is for the
purpose of getting people to like him. Cognitive theorists would say
that Henry's depression results in large part from:
modeling. Incorrect
self-efficacy. Incorrect
illogical thinking. (True Answer )Correct
unconscious feelings of loss. Incorrect
464
When Jos did not get the job, he was sure that everything was going
wrong, that his life was completely off track. This thought is an
example of:
selective perception. Incorrect
overgeneralization. (True Answer )Correct
unconditional negative regard. Incorrect
465
If a patient is being guided to challenge irrational thinking and to try
out new interpretations, the patient is MOST likely being treated by a
follower of:
Beck. (True Answer )Correct
Freud. Incorrect
Bandura. Incorrect
Wolpe. Incorrect
466
If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you
interpret your experiences and the way you feel, and to question the
accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving:
humanistic therapy. Incorrect

existential therapy. Incorrect
psychoanalytic therapy. Incorrect
467
Regarding attitudes toward therapy, people are MOST likely to agree
with which of the following statements?
I have negative feelings when I find out an acquaintance is seeing a
therapist. Incorrect
I have particularly positive feelings when I find out an acquaintance
is seeing a therapist. Incorrect
It's better to seek drug therapy than psychotherapy. Incorrect
It's a good idea to seek therapy for a problem before it gets out of
hand. (True Answer )Correct
468
So-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional
cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes:
challenging irrational cognitions. Incorrect
accepting problematic thoughts. (True Answer )Correct
working to change unacceptable thoughts. Incorrect
researching the effectiveness of the therapy. Incorrect
469
In mindfulness-based therapy techniques, you would be MOST likely to
find clients:
focusing on setting goals for the future. Incorrect
letting their thoughts flow, without judgment. (True Answer )Correct
rejecting thoughts that are not rational. Incorrect
trying to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts.
Incorrect
470
When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to
consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life, and with the
value they find in living. A psychologist from which background would
agree MOST strongly with this statement?
humanistic-existential (True Answer )Correct
cognitive Incorrect
471
According to ______, the self-actualization motive plays an important
part in human functioning.
cognitive theorists Incorrect
behaviorists Incorrect
psychoanalysts Incorrect
humanists (True Answer )Correct
472
A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities,

and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, inauthenticempty
would MOST likely be:
existential. (True Answer )Correct
473
The model that proposes that humans strive to self-actualize is the
______ model.
cognitive Incorrect
humanistic-existential (True Answer )Correct
474
Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others, is
spontaneous, courageous, and independent is:
authentic. Incorrect
self-actualizing. (True Answer )Correct
role playing. Incorrect
experiencing catharsis. Incorrect
475
Humans are born with freedom, yet do not 'naturally' strive to reach
their full growth potential. The psychologist who would MOST closely
agree with this statement would be:
existential. (True Answer )Correct
476
The social upheaval and soul searching of the 1960s and 1970s in
Western society gave rise to which of the following approaches to
therapy?
humanistic and existential (True Answer )Correct
cognitive Incorrect
477
If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that
you have developed:
spontaneity. Incorrect
unconditional self-regard. (True Answer )Correct
478
The term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by Carl Rogers is:
client-centered. (True Answer )Correct

insight. Incorrect
Gestalt. Incorrect
existential. Incorrect
479
A therapist listens carefully to a client's words, then attempts to show
accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will
self-examine with acceptance and honesty. MOST likely, the therapist
is:
humanistic. (True Answer )Correct
480
If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the
therapist would try to:
point out her misconceptions. Incorrect
give insightful interpretations of her statements. Incorrect
identify the client's unreasonable ideas and feelings. Incorrect
show unconditional positive regard for her statements. (True Answer
)Correct
481
That's all right. You are doing your best, don't worry. I am here for
you. A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy
process would MOST probably be following the ______ tradition.
cognitive Incorrect
humanistic (True Answer )Correct
rational emotive Incorrect
482
The model with its roots in the philosophical idea that people are
dynamic beings, giving meaning to their existence through their
actions, is the:
humanistic model. Incorrect
existential model. (True Answer )Correct
483
Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on:
using I language. Incorrect
focusing on the here and now. (True Answer )Correct
role-playing. Incorrect
frustrating the client. Incorrect
484
Which of the following would be MOST likely to use skillful frustration
as a part of therapy?
Fritz Perls (True Answer )Correct

Joseph Wolpe Incorrect
Abraham Maslow Incorrect
Karen Horney Incorrect
485
Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients,
and who often use role playing and a here and now orientation, are:
gestalt. (True Answer )Correct
neo-Freudian. Incorrect
486
The view that religious views are defense mechanisms created by
people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of:
current thinking in the mental health profession. Incorrect
classic Freudian psychotherapy. (True Answer )Correct
conclusions drawn by research scientists. Incorrect
the way in which the mental health profession is moving. Incorrect
487
Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and
psychological health shows that people:
without any religious belief are the healthiest. Incorrect
who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the
healthiest. (True Answer )Correct
who are devout and see God as cold and unresponsive are the
healthiest. Incorrect
who are not religious cope better with life stressors like war and
illness. Incorrect
488
The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship
between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and
psychological health is that:
religion causes people to deal better with the challenges of life.
Incorrect
psychologically healthy people have more time and energy for
religion. Incorrect
people who have a religious community to support them are
healthier. Incorrect
people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier.
489
The MAIN concern with the various forms of cybertherapy that are
currently being used is:
confidentiality on the Internet. Incorrect
the quality of the treatment. (True Answer )Correct
technological issues with the use of computers. Incorrect
the availability of the services. Incorrect

490
Which one of the following forms of therapy would you NOT currently
expect to find in cybertherapy?
use of avatars Incorrect
use of e-mail therapy Incorrect
use of skype therapy Incorrect
use of tweet therapy (True Answer )Correct
491
With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the
humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT:
resonate with many people who are eager to explore these issues.
Incorrect
support the ideas of positive psychology. Incorrect
emphasize health. Incorrect
lend itself easily to research. (True Answer )Correct
492
The model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client's
family structure, societal norms, and a client's roles in society is:
existential. Incorrect
sociocultural. (True Answer )Correct
493
Which model of abnormality would focus on factors such as norms,
family structure, and support systems, in particular?
gestalt Incorrect
494
David Rosenhan sent pseudopatients to a mental hospital, where
they pretended to be disturbed. The results led him to conclude that
______ greatly impacts mental illness.
an actual symptom Incorrect
the community mental health system Incorrect
labeling (True Answer )Correct
communication Incorrect
495
If someone is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy in his or her
life, that person is MORE likely to ______ than someone who has social
support and intimacy.
become depressed when under stress (True Answer )Correct
become depressed even when not under stress Incorrect
become depressed, but recover more quickly Incorrect
be a carrier of depression to later generations Incorrect
496
Research would lead you to believe that students who have the MOST
Facebook friends have:
an average number of real friends. Incorrect
only surface relationships with their real friends. Incorrect
many real friends and good relationships with them. (True Answer )
Correct
the fewest real friends, because it is easier for them to connect on
line. Incorrect
497
According to family systems theory, families that show
disengagement are characterized by:
members who are overinvolved in one another's lives. Incorrect
parents who have a laissez-faire parenting style. Incorrect
children who very seldom fight. Incorrect
rigid boundaries between family members. (True Answer )Correct
498
If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the
two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to
be:
externalized. Incorrect
cultural. Incorrect
enmeshed. (True Answer )Correct
disengaged. Incorrect
499
Which of the following phrases would one be MOST likely to hear in a
self-help group.
I don't have any idea what you should do. Incorrect
The therapist will tell us what to do. Incorrect
Try this. It worked for me. (True Answer )Correct
Let's talk about our dreams. Incorrect
500
If a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were
communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns,
the therapist would MOST likely to be practicing:
structural family therapy. Incorrect
conjoint family therapy. (True Answer )Correct
feminist therapy. Incorrect
self-help therapy. Incorrect
501
A primary focus of the community treatment approach to abnormality
is:
using drugs along with psychotherapy. Incorrect
prevention. (True Answer )Correct
homeostasis. Incorrect
rejecting all conventional forms of explaining abnormality. Incorrect
502
Providing treatment as soon as it is needed, so problems that are
moderate or worse do not become long-term, is called:
primary prevention. Incorrect
secondary prevention. Incorrect
tertiary prevention. (True Answer )Correct
quaternary prevention. Incorrect
503
Which of the following statements about couple therapy is MOST
accurate?
Only about 10 percent of those who receive couple therapy
eventually divorce. Incorrect
Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement
in their functioning. Incorrect
There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current
divorce rates. Incorrect
There is no one theoretical approach used in couple therapy. (True
Answer )Correct
504
That many people with severe disturbances are not being treated
appropriately is MOSTLY a problem with which level of prevention?
primary Incorrect
secondary Incorrect
tertiary (True Answer )Correct
meta Incorrect
505
Regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people
among those who are poor, a roge theorist would focus on the way in
which:
personal responsibility is related to dysfunction. Incorrect
irrational thoughts contribute to one's feelings. Incorrect
poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction. (True
Answer )Correct
early life experiences shape one's later behavior. Incorrect
506
Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on:
the inferiority of particular cultural groups. Incorrect
the cultural deprivation that is characteristic of some groups.
Incorrect
the limitations of a focus on ethnicity. Incorrect
the special external pressures faced by members of a culture. (True
Answer )Correct
507
theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor
people as MOST likely due to:
genetic make-up. Incorrect
social factors leading to stress. (True Answer )Correct

irrational patterns of thinking. Incorrect
fixation at a lower level of ego functioning. Incorrect
508
In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and
depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus
on:
the biological differences between men and women. Incorrect
the different patterns of communication displayed by men and
women. Incorrect
prejudice and discrimination faced by women. (True Answer )Correct
the level of rationality in the thought patterns of women. Incorrect
509
A feminist therapist would MOST likely focus on:
a woman's personal responsibility for her own situation. Incorrect
the role that biology plays in psychological functioning. Incorrect
how prejudice and discrimination impact women. (True Answer )
Correct
the ways in which women express their femininity. Incorrect
510
All of the following statements would be appropriate criticisms of the
sociocultural model EXCEPT:
Just because there is a relationship between culture and a particular
disorder does not mean that culture causes the disorder. Incorrect
It might be that the disorder causes dysfunction in the family rather
than the dysfunctional family causing the disorder. Incorrect
Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the
development of certain disorders. (True Answer )Correct
It's hard to predict which people who share the same culture will
develop a particular disorder. Incorrect
511
Which of the following statements is the BEST example of the
biopsychosocial perspective?
There is one legitimate approach to understanding mental disorders.
Incorrect
Abnormality is best explained by sociocultural stresses a person
experiences. Incorrect
Eclectic approaches fail to take interactions of various models into
account. Incorrect
Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, emotional, and
cultural influences. (True Answer )Correct
512
The diathesis-stress model of abnormality emphasizes that:
stress is the primary factor leading to abnormality. Incorrect
a biological predisposition is the primary factor leading to
abnormality. Incorrect
abnormality arises from an interaction between stress and

predisposition. (True Answer )Correct
only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for
abnormality to occur. Incorrect
513
Which of the following is NOT an example of diathesis in the diathesisstress explanation of abnormality?
a genetic history of mental illness in one's family Incorrect
growing up in an unhealthy, enmeshed family Incorrect
experiencing a severe psychological trauma (True Answer )Correct
living in a high-crime, impoverished area Incorrect
159
What are important differences between case studies and singlesubject experiments? Be sure to mention advantages and
disadvantages of each.
160
Case studies can be used to help more than just the one being studied.
Briefly describe three ways one could use information gathered from a
case study besides helping the one being studied.
161
Imagine you are designing a study to compare school achievement in
children whose mothers did and did not drink alcohol during pregnancy.
Briefly describe two ways you could ensure that the study has good
internal validity and two ways you could ensure that it has good
external validity.
162
Using the variables of age and reaction time, draw three hypothetical
graphs, one illustrating no correlation, one illustrating a strong positive
correlation, and one illustrating a weak negative correlation. Be sure to
label the axes and indicate what each graph illustrates.
163
A major shortcoming of a correlational study is that even when a
correlation between two variables is statistically significant, one cannot
infer causation. For example, a significant correlation exists between
life stress and depression, yet one cannot say for sure that life stress
causes depression. Given this major shortcoming, what are some
specific reasons one might still wish to conduct a correlational study,
as opposed to an experimental study (from which one might infer a
cause-and-effect relationship)?
164
Suppose you found a strong positive correlation between college GPA

and self-esteem. Describe three possible and distinctly different causal
explanations for this relationship.
165
Assume that a researcher wishes to do research designed to pinpoint
early-childhood events related to later development of eating disorders
such as anorexia nervosa. What type of investigation might the
researcher use? What would be potential strengths and weaknesses of
the type of investigation you suggest? Finally, are there any ethical
concerns the researcher ought to address?
166
Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that older women who
take estrogen are less likely to get Alzheimer's disease. Be sure to
identify the control group, experimental group, independent variable,
dependent variable, and ways to reduce subject and experimenter
bias.
167
A researcher wishes to use experimentation to study the effect of
stress on the development of abnormal behaviors. Please describe how
the researcher might conduct that study, using one of the following
three alternatives:
a.
an experiment involving experimental and control groups
b.
a natural experiment
c.
an analogue experiment
168
Briefly describe the ethical issues involved in each of the following
types of studies typically involving antipsychotic drug treatments for
patients with psychoses:
a.
new drug studies
b.
placebo studies
c.
symptom-exacerbation studies
d.
medication-withdrawal studies
169
The text discusses how clinical scientists conducting research in

abnormal psychology might encounter some challenges particular to
this field. Briefly describe three of these challenges.
170
The systematic search for facts through observation and investigation
is ______.
research (True Answer )
*
171
Sound research in abnormal psychology uses the ______ method.
scientific (True Answer )
*
172
Clinical researchers form general, or ______, knowledge about the
nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal behavior.
nomothetic (True Answer )
*
173
The understanding of human behavior that clinical practitioners seek is
usually individual. The term for it is ______.
idiographic (True Answer )
*
174
Jason met with a researcher several times. He was interviewed, he took
tests, and he was physically evaluated. In addition the researcher
studied his school and employment records and interviewed key
people in his life. The type of study being done by the researcher is
called a(n) ______.
case study (True Answer )
*
175
Freud's report on Little Hans is an example of a(n) ______.
case study (True Answer )
*
176
A study has ______ when it controls for all variables except the ones
being investigated.
internal validity (True Answer )
*
177
An investigation is said to ______ when findings of the investigation can
be generalized beyond the immediate study.
external validity (True Answer )
*
178
Tall people tend to have larger feet than short people. This statement
indicates a(n) _______ correlation between foot size and height.
positive (True Answer )
*
179
The more television you watch, the lower your grades in school are
likely to be. This statement indicates a(n) ______ correlation between
hours watching TV and grades.
negative (True Answer )
*
180
The strength or magnitude of a correlation can vary from ______ to
______.
-l, +1, (True Answer )
*
181
If a result is statistically significant, it is unlikely to be the result of
______.
chance (True Answer )
*
182
Correlations cannot be used to conclude that a ______ relationship
exists between two variables.
causal (True Answer )
*
183
Any result that is unlikely to be a chance occurrence because
calculations indicate that it will occur less than one time in 20 by
chance is ______.
statistically significant (True Answer )
*
184
Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a
given population are called ______ studies.
epidemiological (True Answer )
*
185
The number of new cases of a disorder that appear during a set period
of time is the ______ of that disorder.
incidence (True Answer )
*
186
If we knew that there were 500,000 total cases of schizophrenia in the
United States as of now, we would know the ______ of schizophrenia in
the United States.
prevalence (True Answer )
*
187
Sammy agreed to be in the study of memory, but he had not
anticipated how he would feel about returning to the lab every other
year for 10 years. He is involved in a(n) ______ study.
longitudinal or developmental or high-risk (True Answer )
*
188
A study of the same individuals on many occasions over a period of
time is a(n) ______ study.
longitudinal (True Answer )
*
189
A tentative explanation or hunch that provides a basis for study is a(n)
______.
hypothesis (True Answer )
*
190
The type of study that allows a direct determination of a causal
relationship between two variables is a(n) ______.
experiment (True Answer )
*
191
Jack was doing a study on anxiety. One group was asked to estimate
how many years each had to live. The other group was asked to
estimate how many months to their next vacation. He then gave each
of his participants the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and scored them.
The score on this test is an example of a(n) ______.
dependent variable (True Answer )
*
192
Ian made the participants in one of his groups anxious by making loud
noises but kept the participants in the other group
in quiet surroundings. The presence of noise in this case is an example
of a(n) ______.
independent variable (True Answer )
*
193
Dr. Smith deprived the participants in one group of water and gave
water to the participants in the other group. She tested the thirsty
group at 9:00 A.M. and the water-satiated group at 4:00 P.M. Now she
cannot interpret her results clearly because water deprivation and time
of day were ______.
confounded (True Answer )
*
194
Dr. Han did his experimental manipulation and then tested his
experimental group at 9 A.M. and his control group at 9 P.M. His study
contains a(n) ______.
confound (True Answer )
*
195
The nontreated or comparison group that is NOT exposed to the
independent variable in an experiment is called the ______.
control group (True Answer )
*
196
If a participant does NOT know in which condition she is being tested,
she is participating in a(n) ______ design.
single-blind (True Answer )
*
197
Dr. Pliny did NOT tell her subjects which group (what level of the
independent variable) they were in. She didn't tell them this to guard
against ______.
subject bias, or participant bias (True Answer )
*
198
In addition to subject bias, the double-blind design guards against
______.
experimenter bias (True Answer )
*
199
Any study that compares the responses of men and women (the
independent variable) is BEST described as a(n) ______ design.
quasi-experimental (True Answer )
*
200
Genie was isolated from human contact and language by her (badly
disturbed) parents for most of the first 13 years of her life. The effects
of early language deprivation could easily be seen and studied. This is
an example of a(n) ______ experiment.
natural (True Answer )
*
201
If a researcher did a study of anxiety and used cats for subjects instead
of people, she would be doing a(n) ______ study.
analogue (True Answer )
*
202
The phase in a single-subject design that is comparable to a control
group is the ______.
baseline (True Answer )

*
203
The ______ serves as the control in a single-subject design.
self or same subject (True Answer )
*
204
Challenges faced by clinical researchers include all of the following
EXCEPT:
measuring abnormal concepts such as mood change is difficult.
Incorrect
there are very few graduate students trained in clinical research.
rights of research participants must be carefully guarded. Incorrect
there are many variables to consider, such as gender, race, and
culture. Incorrect
205
General principles that explain the underlying nature, causes, and
treatments of abnormal behavior are called:
theoretical. Incorrect
nomothetic. (True Answer )Correct
correlational. Incorrect
206
A study of a single person that is used to explain the underlying causes
or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the
______ approach.
theoretical Incorrect
nomothetic Incorrect
idiographic (True Answer )Correct
correlational Incorrect
207
Clinical researchers are usually concerned with a(n) ______
understanding of abnormality, while practitioners focus on a(n) ______
understanding.
nomothetic, idiographic (True Answer )Correct
nomothetic, nomothetic Incorrect
idiographic, idiographic Incorrect
idiographic, nomothetic Incorrect
208
As opposed to clinical practitioners, who search for individualistic
understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for
general truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers
is:
idiosyncratic. Incorrect
nomosynthetic. Incorrect
nomothetic. (True Answer )Correct
209
The clinical practitioner would be MORE likely than the clinical
researcher to rely on which method of investigation?
case study with a single participant (True Answer )Correct
experimental method with many participants Incorrect
correlational method with one participant Incorrect
cross-cultural method with many participants Incorrect
210
Which of the following is the BEST example of the idiographic
approach?
a detailed study of one case (True Answer )Correct
a study of the most effective treatment for phobias Incorrect
a study of the relative frequency of horse and rat phobias among
adults Incorrect
a review of all of a clinician's phobic patient cases Incorrect
211
A case study of a patient includes a history, tests, and interviews with
associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so her
behavior is understood. This approach is:
nomothetic. Incorrect
idiographic. (True Answer )Correct
experimental. Incorrect
correlational. Incorrect
212
If you were using the scientific method to conduct research in
abnormal psychology, you would be seeking:
an idiographic understanding. Incorrect
to advance conventional wisdom. Incorrect
a nomothetic understanding. (True Answer )Correct
to change current graduate training. Incorrect
213
Which of the following is NOT considered a research method?
the case study Incorrect
a correlation Incorrect
an experiment Incorrect
a treatment plan for an individual (True Answer )Correct
214
Experiments are consistent with the ______ approach.
theoretical Incorrect
nomothetic (True Answer )Correct
idiographic Incorrect
correlational Incorrect
215
The idea that children from single-parent families do show more

depression than those from two-parent families is a(n):
variable. Incorrect
experiment. Incorrect
correlation. Incorrect
hypothesis. (True Answer )Correct
216
A friend says to you, I just think the Red Sox win more games on
Tuesdays than on any other day. Although your friend's statement is
not very scientific, it is a(n):
research finding. Incorrect
example of a case study. Incorrect
research conclusion. Incorrect
217
Freud's study of Little Hans is an example of:
a case study. (True Answer )Correct
an experiment. Incorrect
a phantasy. Incorrect
a correlational study. Incorrect
218
A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests,
and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this
individual so his behavior is better understood. This study is a(n):
hypothesis. Incorrect
case study. (True Answer )Correct
experimental study. Incorrect
219
Which of the following is an example of a case study?
a study involving use of a control group Incorrect
a long-term study of a clinical client (True Answer )Correct
a study of all the cases of a disorder in a community Incorrect
the creation of a disorder in a group of lab rats Incorrect
220
The controversy regarding research with animals centers on:
the rights of animals versus their usefulness in understanding
human problems. (True Answer )Correct
the financial cost of using animals versus the cost of research with
humans. Incorrect
the fact that animal research really doesn't contribute to human
well-being. Incorrect
the lack of standards for doing research with animals. Incorrect
221
Case studies are useful for:
forming general laws of behavior. Incorrect
studying unusual problems. (True Answer )Correct

conducting scientific experiments. Incorrect
eliminating observer bias. Incorrect
222
Of the following examples of case studies, the one MOST likely to be
helpful in the study of abnormality would be a case study including a
well-tested, research-supported form of therapy used to treat a(n):
common disorder. Incorrect
uncommon disorder. (True Answer )Correct
223
Case studies are useful for all of the following EXCEPT:
studying unusual problems. Incorrect
learning a great deal about a particular patient. Incorrect
suggesting new areas for further study. Incorrect
determining general laws of behavior. (True Answer )Correct
224
Which of the following is a limitation of the case study?
It does not result in high external validity. (True Answer )Correct
It does not lead to an individualized approach. Incorrect
It does not enable the therapist to understand the whole patient.
Incorrect
It does not allow the therapist to propose a course of treatment for a
patient. Incorrect
225
Internal validity reflects how well a study:
rules out the effects of all variables except those being studied.
can be generalized to others that are not studied directly. Incorrect
appears to be measuring what it is designed to measure. Incorrect
predicts some future behavior. Incorrect
226
If a particular study of alcoholism failed to control for cultural patterns
in drinking among participants, the study would have low:
internal validity. (True Answer )Correct
natural validity. Incorrect
227
The ability to generalize results from a study of certain individuals to
other individuals not studied is called:
construct validity. Incorrect
context validity. Incorrect
external validity. (True Answer )Correct
228
External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study:
rule out alternative explanations. Incorrect
are the result of a single variable. Incorrect
apply to subjects and situations other than the ones studied. (True
Answer )Correct
support the theory being tested. Incorrect
229
A psychologist studies memory techniques in adult volunteers and
learns how to facilitate memory, then applies the results to a new class
of students in a psychology course. This demonstrates faith in:
the internal validity of the study. Incorrect
the external validity of the study. (True Answer )Correct
the content validity of the technique. Incorrect
the conceptual validity of memory. Incorrect
230
One of the problems with animal research is the question of whether
the results can apply to human beings. This is a question of:
content validity. Incorrect
231
If a study's findings generalize beyond the immediate study to other
persons and situations, then the study has:
external observer bias. Incorrect
internal observer bias. Incorrect
232
Correlational studies and experiments are preferred over case studies
for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
they offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting.
they typically observe many individuals. Incorrect
they are more easily replicable. Incorrect
they use statistical tests to analyze results. Incorrect
233
In correlational research, external validity is established when:
all participants behave similarly. Incorrect
the correlation is positive. Incorrect
the sample is representative of the larger population. (True Answer )
Correct
the correlation is smaller than 1. Incorrect
234
The major ethical concern with research on Facebook users is:
there are not enough Facebook users to make the research

worthwhile. Incorrect
Facebook users don't always know they are being studied. (True
Answer )Correct
research projects have not been approved by universities where
they are conducted. Incorrect
it is unethical to observe public behavior. Incorrect
235
A researcher is considering whether to gather online data from
Facebook users without informing the users that their data are being
used. In terms of research ethics, which of the following is the MOST
relevant question?
Are Facebook postings considered public behavior? (True Answer )
Correct
Are Facebook users a random sample of whatever population is
being studied? Incorrect
Will Facebook users be able to sue if they think their rights are being
violated? Incorrect
Will the potential benefits of the research outweigh the potential
risks to Facebook users? Incorrect
236
In a graph of a correlational study, the line of best fit:
inevitably runs from the lower left to the upper right. Incorrect
is as close as possible to all points in the graph. (True Answer )
Correct
allows one to determine causality. Incorrect
has no meaning unless it is positive. Incorrect
237
A researcher finds individuals who report large numbers of hassles in
their lives usually also report higher levels of stress. Those who report
fewer hassles generally report lower levels of stress. The correlation
between number of hassles and
stress level is:
positive. (True Answer )Correct
negative. Incorrect
curvilinear. Incorrect
nonexistent. Incorrect
238
The heavier you are, the more food you are likely to eat. If it is true,
this statement expresses:
no correlation at all. Incorrect
a causal relationship. Incorrect
a positive correlation. (True Answer )Correct
a negative correlation. Incorrect
239
If you were to graph the relationship between the numbers of negative

life events experienced in the last month and people's perceptions of
stress, you would probably find a(n):
vertical line. Incorrect
horizontal line. Incorrect
upward-sloping line (to the right). (True Answer )Correct
downward-sloping line (to the right). Incorrect
240
Correlation coefficients indicate:
the magnitude and direction of the relationship between variables.
the cause-and-effect relationship between variables. Incorrect
the internal and external validity between variables. Incorrect
the significance and variability between variables. Incorrect
241
Which of the following correlation coefficients is of the highest
magnitude?
+.05 Incorrect
.81 (True Answer )Correct
+.60 Incorrect
.01 Incorrect
242
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest
relationship?
.95 Incorrect
.06 (True Answer )Correct
+.30 Incorrect
+.54 Incorrect
243
If the correlation between severity of depression and age is ?05, it
means that:
older people have more severe depression. Incorrect
older people have less severe depression. Incorrect
younger people have almost no depression. Incorrect
there is no consistent relationship between age and severity of
244
Which of the following is true of the correlation coefficient?
It ranges from 0.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength of the
relationship between two variables. Incorrect
It ranges from 1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the
direction of the relationship between two variables. (True Answer )
Correct
It ranges from 0.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the
direction of the relationship between two variables. Incorrect
It ranges from 1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength of the

relationship between two variables and the total variability of those
measurements. Incorrect
245
A friend says to you, Quick! I have to take a test in two minutes. What
rule can you give me to help me remember what kind of correlation
coefficient shows a weak relationship between two variables? Which
of the following would you give to help your friend?
a correlation coefficient that is statistically significant Incorrect
a correlation coefficient close to minus one (1) Incorrect
a correlation coefficient close to zero (0) (True Answer )Correct
a correlation coefficient that doesn't prove a causal relationship
between the variables Incorrect
246
Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to
make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the
correlation between X and Y is:
close to zero. Incorrect
+.45. Incorrect
.53. Incorrect
.88. (True Answer )Correct
247
Which of the following correlations is MOST likely to be statistically
significant?
+.85, based on a sample of 10 people Incorrect
.08, based on a sample of 100 people Incorrect
+.35, based on a sample of 10 people Incorrect
.80, based on a sample of 100 people (True Answer )Correct
248
A correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive
correlation between self-reported stress levels and days of work missed
for illness. From this study, we know that:
stress causes illness. Incorrect
illness causes stress. Incorrect
some other variable causes both increases in stress levels and
illness. Incorrect
we can make a fairly accurate prediction of days missed for illness if
we know a person's stress level. (True Answer )Correct
249
The major advantage of a correlational study over a case study is that
it:
allows us to determine causation. Incorrect
is more individualized. Incorrect
has better external validity. (True Answer )Correct
requires fewer participants. Incorrect
250
All of the following are merits of the correlational method EXCEPT:

it can be replicated. Incorrect
it can be analyzed statistically. Incorrect
its results can be generalized. Incorrect
it provides individual information. (True Answer )Correct
251
If stress levels and physical health are negatively correlated, we know
that:
stress causes people to have poor health. Incorrect
as stress increases, health decreases. (True Answer )Correct
poor health causes people to experience stress. Incorrect
mental illness causes both stress and poor health. Incorrect
252
A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life
stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore, the
researcher may be confident that:
life stress causes symptoms of depression. Incorrect
symptoms of depression cause life stress. Incorrect
something else causes stress and depression. Incorrect
life stress and depression are related. (True Answer )Correct
253
The correlational method and the experimental method are similar in
that:
both have external validity. (True Answer )Correct
both have internal validity. Incorrect
both have external validity and internal validity. Incorrect
neither has external validity or internal validity. Incorrect
254
Unlike the correlational method and the experimental method, the case
study provides:
good replicability. Incorrect
individual information. (True Answer )Correct
255
Which of the following results MOST likely are from an epidemiological
study?
The rate of suicide is higher in Ireland than in the United States.
Autism is caused by influenza vaccinations. Incorrect
Child abuse is often found in the backgrounds of those with multiple
personalities. Incorrect
Alcoholism runs in families. Incorrect
256
The form of correlational research that seeks to find how many new
cases of a disorder occur in a group in a given time period is termed:
longitudinal (incidence). Incorrect

longitudinal (prevalence). Incorrect
epidemiological (incidence). (True Answer )Correct
epidemiological (prevalence). Incorrect
257
The incidence of HIV+ results on campus tells you:
one's risk for becoming HIV+. Incorrect
the number of new HIV+ cases measured in a time
period. (True Answer )Correct
the total number of HIV+ cases at a given point. Incorrect
the HIV+ rate compared to the national average. Incorrect
258
The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in older men seen at a clinic tells
you the:
total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic.
risk of a man developing a sexual dysfunction. Incorrect
number of new cases of sexual dysfunction over a period of time.
Incorrect
rate of sexual dysfunction in the community. Incorrect
259
Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a
particular population are called:
longitudinal studies. Incorrect
experimental studies. Incorrect
developmental studies. Incorrect
epidemiological studies. (True Answer )Correct
260
The number of new cases of a disorder in a population that emerge in a
particular time interval is called the:
incidence. (True Answer )Correct
prevalence. Incorrect
epidemiology. Incorrect
261
There were 10 new cases of schizophrenia in a small town in the
Midwest this week. This observation refers to the ______ of
schizophrenia in this small population.
risk Incorrect
incidence (True Answer )Correct
prevalence Incorrect
epidemiology Incorrect
262
The total number of cases of a disorder in the population is called the:
risk. Incorrect
incidence. Incorrect
prevalence. (True Answer )Correct

rate of occurrence. Incorrect
263
The prevalence rate for a disorder will _______ the incidence rate.
always be the same as Incorrect
always be higher than Incorrect
always be the same or higher than (True Answer )Correct
always be lower than Incorrect
264
Describing the number of cases of mental retardation in the children of
older mothers in 2005 would be a legitimate goal for a(n) ______ study.
case Incorrect
experimental Incorrect
epidemiological (True Answer )Correct
longitudinal Incorrect
265
The finding that women have higher rates of anxiety and depression
than men in the United States is MOST likely due to ______ research.
case study Incorrect
analogue Incorrect
epidemiological (True Answer )Correct
266
Imagine that a longitudinal study found that children raised by people
with schizophrenia are more likely to commit crimes later. This result
tells us that
children of people with schizophrenia are at higher risk for criminal
behavior. (True Answer )Correct
children of people with schizophrenia inherit a criminal gene.
Incorrect
criminal children cause their parents to become schizophrenic.
Incorrect
people with schizophrenia teach their children to become criminals.
Incorrect
267
If researchers studied Vietnam veterans for 30 years after the
veterans' return from Vietnam, the study would be:
epidemiological. Incorrect
longitudinal. (True Answer )Correct
incidental. Incorrect
experimental. Incorrect
268
If an epidemiological study shows that eating disorders are more
common in Western countries than in Eastern ones, we can
appropriately conclude:
that there are special pressures in Western countries that contribute

to eating disorders. Incorrect
that Eastern countries have a less stressful approach to life.
Incorrect
that adolescence is a more troubling time for Western than Eastern
children. Incorrect
nothing about the cause of such a finding. (True Answer )Correct
269
In a scientific experiment, the variable manipulated or controlled by
the experimenter is called the:
confounding variable. Incorrect
alternative variable. Incorrect
dependent variable. Incorrect
independent variable. (True Answer )Correct
270
Which of the following is an aspect of the experimental approach?
the use of confounding variables Incorrect
observation of people over a period of time Incorrect
a detailed interpretive description of a subject Incorrect
the manipulation of a variable by the researcher (True Answer )
Correct
271
The statement or prediction that we make about a potential causal
relationship in a proposed study is called the:
theory. Incorrect
conclusion. Incorrect
explanation. Incorrect
272
The following experiment is conducted to study the causes of
aggression in children. Half the children eat a sugared cereal; the
remaining half eat cornflakes. The number of aggressive acts displayed
by the children in a one-hour play period after breakfast is then
recorded. In this experiment:
sugared cereal is the dependent variable and cornflakes is the
independent variable. Incorrect
breakfast is the independent variable, and the group of children is
the dependent variable. Incorrect
the type of cereal is the dependent variable, and the number of
aggressive responses is the independent variable. Incorrect
the type of cereal is the independent variable, and the number of
aggressive responses is the dependent variable. (True Answer )Correct
273
A psychologist was interested in the effect of hunger on psychological
disturbances. The psychologist deprived half of a group of healthy
volunteers of food for one day and fed the other half normally, then
administered the MMPI-2 to all the participants. What was the

independent variable?
level of food deprivation (True Answer )Correct
the MMPI-2 Incorrect
the results on the MMPI-2 Incorrect
There is no independent variable because this is a correlational
study. Incorrect
274
Dr. Tim required half of a group of healthy volunteers to study a
reading passage for 1 hour. The other half of the participants studied
for 15 minutes. Dr. Tim then administered a test of their memory of
details from the passage. What was the dependent variable?
the study time Incorrect
the memory test Incorrect
the reading passage Incorrect
the results of the memory test (True Answer )Correct
275
A study includes 60 people suffering from an ordinary headache.
Twenty get aspirin, 20 get a sugar pill that looks like aspirin, and 20 get
nothing at all. In 65 percent of the aspirin group, the headache
disappears. In the other two groups the cure rates are 35 and 5
percent, respectively. Other than the drug condition, the participants
are treated identically. This study:
demonstrates a double-blind design. Incorrect
is an experimental study. (True Answer )Correct
contains an important confound. Incorrect
has three dependent variables. Incorrect
276
In a study designed to test a new antidepressant, a large group of
outpatient psychiatric patients was randomly assigned to one of two
groups. One of the groups was given the drug as a pill. The other group
was given identical-looking inert pills. All participants were tested in
the morning. The level of depression of each subject was measured by
three psychologists independently, using the Beck Depression
Inventory. Which of
the following was the independent variable in this study?
the drug (True Answer )Correct
the level of agitation Incorrect
the Beck Depression Inventory Incorrect
the assignment of the participants to groups Incorrect
277
Students are given a sensation-seeking test and then divided into two
groups depending on their scores. A researcher observes how many
times students in each group get out of their seats in 2 hours. The
dependent variable is:
number of times getting out of one's seat. (True Answer )Correct
scores on the sensation-seeking test. Incorrect

the group of students. Incorrect
There is no dependent variable. Incorrect
278
A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the
manipulation's effect on another variable is observed is called a(n):
case study. Incorrect
experiment. (True Answer )Correct
independent variable. Incorrect
279
Factors other than the independent variable may also act on the
dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with the
independent variable, they are called ______ variables.
irrelevant Incorrect
confounding (True Answer )Correct
blind Incorrect
controlled Incorrect
280
If a research study on a group of children with autism comparing
treatment delivered by parents at home to treatment delivered by
teachers at school finds that the treatment delivered at school is more
effective, which of the following is the BEST example of a confounding
variable?
the treatment Incorrect
the children Incorrect
the diagnosis Incorrect
differences between the parents and teachers (True Answer )Correct
281
One group of patients is treated with medication in a hospital. Another
group is treated with the same medication on an outpatient basis. The
diagnoses of the two groups of patients are equally serious. The BEST
example of a confound in this study is the:
characteristics of the hospital. (True Answer )Correct
type of medication given. Incorrect
seriousness of the diagnoses. Incorrect
level of improvement. Incorrect
282
One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of
two groups. One group received a new drug in pill form. The other
group was given identical-looking placebo pills. All participants were
evaluated for level of agitation by a panel of psychiatrists who didn't
know which pill they received. What could be a potential confound in
this study?
having some seriously ill and some moderately ill patients in both
groups Incorrect
having all patients come from the same clinic Incorrect

having the drug group be inpatients and the placebo group be
outpatients (True Answer )Correct
not previously testing the drug on primates Incorrect
283
The group of participants that is NOT exposed to the independent
variable under investigation (in an experiment) is called the:
control group. (True Answer )Correct
confound group. Incorrect
dependent group. Incorrect
experimental group. Incorrect
284
A researcher wishes to study the effect of a new drug on symptoms of
depression. Research participants are randomly assigned to two
groups. Participants in Group A receive the drug whenever they report
depressive symptoms to the experimenter; participants in Group B
receive nothing when they report depressive symptoms to the
experimenter. After a month of this procedure, participants in Group A
report significantly fewer symptoms of depression.
Reference: Ref 2-1
[Paragraph: Research] In the accompanying study, Group A is the:
experimental group. (True Answer )Correct
control group. Incorrect
correlational group. Incorrect
cross-sectional group. Incorrect
285
A researcher wishes to study the effect of a new drug on symptoms of
depression. Research participants are randomly assigned to two
groups. Participants in Group A receive the drug whenever they report
depressive symptoms to the experimenter; participants in Group B
receive nothing when they report depressive symptoms to the
experimenter. After a month of this procedure, participants in Group A
report significantly fewer symptoms of depression.
Reference: Ref 2-1
[Paragraph: Research] A serious flaw of the accompanying study is that
it:
involves placebo therapy. Incorrect
is really a case study. Incorrect
is not a natural experiment. Incorrect
is not a double-blind design. (True Answer )Correct
286
A recent study of informed consent forms showed that:
most research participants don't receive them. Incorrect
most research participants are insulted by them. Incorrect
many research participants don't understand them. (True Answer )
Correct
research participants generally already know their rights. Incorrect

287
For people to decide about participating in psychological research, they
must be given full knowledge of the nature of the study and their
rights. This principle is called:
risk disclosure. Incorrect
benefit analysis. Incorrect
informed consent. (True Answer )Correct
privacy. Incorrect
288
The principle of informed consent assumes that:
there is compensation. Incorrect
the benefits outweigh the risks. Incorrect
the participant can understand the explanation. (True Answer )
Correct
there are no risks in the study under consideration. Incorrect
289
Imagine that there is a statistically significant result found in a welldesigned experimental research project without any confounding
variables. The MOST appropriate conclusion would be that:
the probability that the results were due to chance is more than 5
percent. Incorrect
differences in the dependent variable are likely due to the
causation by the independent variable cannot be assumed. Incorrect
the sample size was too small. Incorrect
290
As a general rule, if the sample is large, the difference between the
groups is large, and the range of scores within a group is small, then
the results are likely to be:
socially meaningful. Incorrect
statistically significant. (True Answer )Correct
due to chance. Incorrect
from a triple-blind study. Incorrect
291
know which pill they received. What is the control group?
the new drug Incorrect
the level of agitation Incorrect
the ones who got the placebo (True Answer )Correct
the psychiatric evaluation Incorrect
292
A person with an anxiety disorder receives treatment. Because of the

treatment, the person's anxiety level is lower, but he still finds it
almost impossible to live a normal life. For this person, the
improvement in the anxiety disorder is:
clinically significant. Incorrect
statistically significant. (True Answer )Correct
both clinically significant and statistically significant. Incorrect
neither clinically significant nor statistically significant. Incorrect
293
Of the following choices, the BEST way to select a random sample of
10 students from a class would be to:
choose the first 10 to enter the classroom. Incorrect
choose the last 10 to leave the classroom. Incorrect
write each student's name on a piece of paper, put the papers in a
pile, close your eyes, and pick 10 papers. (True Answer )Correct
ask students what their ethnicity, grade point average, and
academic major are, then be sure your sample reflects all of these
student characteristics. Incorrect
294
Not all participants are the same. Researchers use ______ to reduce the
possibility that preexisting differences between groups are responsible
for observed differences after experimental manipulation.
a control group Incorrect
random selection Incorrect
random assignment (True Answer )Correct
an experimental group Incorrect
295
To accomplish random assignment, one could assign participants to
groups by:
placing all the participants sharing an important characteristic in the
same group. Incorrect
making sure there is only one participant in each group. Incorrect
flipping a coin to determine group assignment. (True Answer )
Correct
asking participants to choose the group they prefer. Incorrect
296
know which pill they received. In this study, how could experimenter
bias be reduced?
by having experienced psychiatrists evaluate agitation Incorrect
by having researchers who don't know who got which pill (True
Answer )Correct
by adding another placebo condition Incorrect
by adding a therapy group Incorrect

297
Russ wants to be a good participant. He knows that his professor is an
environmentalist, so his answers on the survey reflect a proenvironment position. This is an example of:
subject bias. (True Answer )Correct
a placebo effect. Incorrect
random variation. Incorrect
experimenter bias. Incorrect
298
A fake pill used as the control condition in a drug study is a:
placebo. (True Answer )Correct
confound. Incorrect
random variable. Incorrect
dependent variable. Incorrect
299
A researcher's expectations about a study can affect its outcome. The
type of research design used specifically to address this problem is
a(n):
random-assignment design. Incorrect
matched control group design. Incorrect
blind design. (True Answer )Correct
300
A researcher trying to eliminate the Rosenthal effect would be sure to:
use a blind design. (True Answer )Correct
use a quasi-experimental design. Incorrect
randomly assign participants to two groups. Incorrect
randomly assign participants to three or more groups. Incorrect
301
The Rosenthal effect:
is identical to the placebo effect. Incorrect
should be avoided by using a blind design. (True Answer )Correct
is found primarily in natural experiments. Incorrect
All the answers are correct. Incorrect
302
In preparation for a study of the effectiveness of an antischizophrenia
drug, an assistant puts all drugs into capsules of the same color and
codes them. The assistant will have no part in administering the drug.
Neither the subjects nor the experimenter will know who gets which
drug. This is an example of a:
single-blind design. Incorrect
double-blind design. (True Answer )Correct
triple-blind design. Incorrect
quasi-experimental design. Incorrect
303
The function of the double-blind design is to guard against:

participant and experimenter expectancies. (True Answer )Correct
imitation therapies. Incorrect
subject bias. Incorrect
the Rosenthal effect. Incorrect
304
A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds
improvement even when none exists. Which design would prevent this
problem?
double-blind (True Answer )Correct
epidemiological Incorrect
experimental Incorrect
305
In an experiment on the effects of two new drugs on mood, neither
patients, researchers, nor those who are evaluating the mood of
patients know which drug the patients are getting. The study is ______blind.
single Incorrect
double Incorrect
triple (True Answer )Correct
quadruple Incorrect
306
What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments
except that they use groups that already exist instead of randomly
assigning participants to control and experimental groups?
quasi-experiments (True Answer )Correct
natural experiments Incorrect
correlational experiments Incorrect
developmental experiments Incorrect
307
Which of the following distinguishes a quasi-experimental study from a
true experiment?
The quasi-experiment does not use a control group. Incorrect
The quasi-experiment uses multiple groups for comparison.
Incorrect
The quasi-experiment does not use any experimental
control. Incorrect
The quasi-experiment does not allow for manipulation of the
308
To study some gender differences, a researcher selected a group of 10
men and 10 women and treated all participants exactly the same. Each
participant was given a test of psychological function. This study is an
example of a(n):
analogue study. Incorrect

correlational study. Incorrect
quasi-experimental study. (True Answer )Correct
309
Which of the following would MOST appropriately be studied using a
quasi-experimental design?
the effects of running and weight lifting on mood Incorrect
the effects of schizophrenic parents on children's adjustment (True
Answer )Correct
the effects of a parental training program on children's achievement
Incorrect
the effects of a support group in helping people lose weight
Incorrect
310
If one were studying the hypothesis that people with high levels of
stress are MORE likely to get cancer and wanted to include a matched
control group, that group would:
have low levels of stress. (True Answer )Correct
have high levels of stress. Incorrect
have cancer. Incorrect
not have cancer. Incorrect
311
If researchers using matched control subjects find that abused children
are sadder than nonabused children, we know that:
both groups of children showed equal levels of sadness before the
study. Incorrect
the nonabused group differed from the abused group in many
important ways. Incorrect
there were more girls than boys in the abused group because girls
are more likely to be sad. Incorrect
abuse is probably what is causing the difference in sadness between
these groups. (True Answer )Correct
312
The form of experiment used MOST often to study the psychological
effects of unusual or unpredictable events is:
natural. (True Answer )Correct
matched-control. Incorrect
analogue. Incorrect
single-subject. Incorrect
313
Which of the following would be LEAST appropriately studied, using a
natural experiment?
the effects of premarital abstinence on later sexual functioning (True
Answer )Correct
the effects of war on children in Kosovo Incorrect
the effects of a plant closing on community cohesiveness Incorrect
the effects of a particularly harsh blizzard on depression Incorrect

314
Which of the following would be the BEST design to study the effects of
disasters on survivors?
an experiment Incorrect
a quasi-experiment Incorrect
a natural experiment (True Answer )Correct
a double-blind strategy Incorrect
315
Why do we do natural experiments? asks a friend of yours. After all,
each disaster that causes a natural experiment is unique. A good
answer to your friend would be, Using natural experiments,
researchers have learned quite a lot about:
stress disorders. (True Answer )Correct
different kinds of schizophrenia. Incorrect
autism. Incorrect
316
Which of the following might be an example of an analogue
experiment?
exposing laboratory rats to high levels of stress to see if they
develop signs of depression Incorrect
having human participants live for a week in a simulated mental
hospital to see how they respond Incorrect
exposing lab rats to high levels of stress and having human
participants live in a simulated mental hospital would each be an
example of an analogue experiment (True Answer )Correct
None of the answers is correct. Incorrect
317
Which of the following is an analogue study?
studying children in their classrooms Incorrect
studying the effects of stress in nonhumans (True Answer )Correct
studying the effects of metaphors on memory Incorrect
studying the elderly in nursing homes Incorrect
318
A researcher is interested in the effects of a new drug for treating
anxiety and decides to study it in rats by conditioning in them the fear
of a high-pitched noise and then testing the rats' reactions with and
without the drug. This is an example of a(n):
natural experiment. Incorrect
analogue experiment. (True Answer )Correct
quasi-experimental study. Incorrect
319
In order to justify analogue experiments with animals, researchers
must:
make the case that animals and humans are the same. Incorrect
balance the suffering of the animals with the knowledge to be
gained. (True Answer )Correct
make sure that no discomfort comes to the animals used in the
guarantee rights to the animals that are equivalent to rights granted
humans. Incorrect
320
Seligman's study in which he created learned helplessness in the lab is
an example of a(n) ______ study.
analogue (True Answer )Correct
case Incorrect
epidemiological Incorrect
quasi-experimental Incorrect
321
Experimenters are generally willing to:
subject humans to more pain than animals. Incorrect
subject animals to excessive pain. Incorrect
subject animals to more discomfort than humans. (True Answer )
Correct
do analogue studies with humans but not animals. Incorrect
322
Which of the following is the BEST example of baseline data in a singlesubject design?
how well the treated behavior generalizes to a non-treatment
setting Incorrect
the level of the treated behavior just as treatment is ending
Incorrect
how long the treatment is maintained Incorrect
the level of behavior before treatment begins (True Answer )Correct
323
In single-subject experimental designs, the participant is observed and
measured before the manipulation of an independent variable. This
initial observation period is called the:
reversal period. Incorrect
baseline period. (True Answer )Correct
normalization period. Incorrect
standardization period. Incorrect
324
Imagine that you are doing an ABAB reversal design study in which you
are measuring level of depression with and without the addition of an
exercise program. What is the first A in the study?
healthy eating habits Incorrect
exercise Incorrect
no exercise Incorrect
depression (True Answer )Correct
325
Imagine that you are doing an ABAB reversal design study in which you
are measuring level of depression with and without the addition of an
exercise program. What is the second B in the study?
healthy eating habits Incorrect
exercise (True Answer )Correct
no exercise Incorrect
326
If a participant's self-stimulation is observed, punished, observed again
without punishment, and punished again, the design is a(n):
multiple baseline. Incorrect
analogue. Incorrect
ABAB reversal. (True Answer )Correct
327
A classmate of yours says, The problem with single-subject
experiments is that there is no control group, so you don't know if the
treatment is effective. Your BEST reply is:
You're absolutely right. Incorrect
If you use a reversal design, then participants serve as their own
controls. (True Answer )Correct
Researchers routinely include control participants along with the
actual participants. Incorrect
You don't need controls; single-subject experiments are always
double-blind. Incorrect
328
A clinician using an ABAB design to reduce the frequency of suicidal
thoughts in a client finds that in the second A condition, suicidal
thoughts remain as low as they had been at the end of the first B
condition. The clinician can be reasonably sure that:
suicidal thoughts have been permanently reduced. Incorrect
the independent variable is controlling the suicidal thoughts.
Incorrect
the client is ready for additional forms of treatment. Incorrect
the independent variable is not controlling the suicidal thoughts.
329
The MOST accurate summary of what has happened in the United
States in the last 50 years to protect the rights of human research
participants would be that:
there has been important progress, but concerns still remain. (True
Answer )Correct
recent changes in legal and ethical regulation of human research
have virtually eliminated potential problems. Incorrect
the current situation is as bad as it has ever been. Incorrect
colleges and universities, but not governmental agencies, have

made important progress in protecting human rights. Incorrect
330
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate conclusion about new
drug studies, placebo studies, symptom-exacerbation studies, and
medication-withdrawal studies?
The studies provide very little useful information about the biology
of disorders. Incorrect
The studies do not use scientific methods. Incorrect
The studies are often conducted on children. Incorrect
The studies have led to calls for greater safeguards for patients.
331
A researcher randomly divides young women suffering from anorexia
into two groups. Participants in Group A receive psychotherapy and
drug treatments; participants in Group B receive attention (but no
therapy) and a sugar pill. The researcher then compares participants
in the two groups on relief of anorexia symptoms.
Reference: Ref 2-2
The preceding experiment is an example of what research design?
experiment (True Answer )Correct
natural experiment Incorrect
correlational study Incorrect
case study Incorrect
332
Reference: Ref 2-2
One important criticism of the preceding research is that it is a:
medication-withdrawal study. Incorrect
symptom-exacerbation study. Incorrect
multiple-baseline study. Incorrect
placebo study. (True Answer )Correct
333
Reference: Ref 2-2
The ethical concern about placebo drug studies such as the preceding
study, is that:
the experimental group gets an untried medication. Incorrect
the placebo group gets no treatment at all. (True Answer )Correct

the placebo group gets another medication that may not be as
effective. Incorrect
None of the answers is correct. Incorrect
334
Which of the following is TRUE about case studies and single-subject
designs?
Single-subject designs have more internal validity. (True Answer )
Correct
Single-subject designs have more external validity. Incorrect
Case studies have more external validity. Incorrect
Case studies have more internal validity. Incorrect
335
Isn't the ABAB design pretty much a case study? asks a friend of
yours in this class. Your BEST answer would be:
Yes. Incorrect
They're similar, but the ABAB design has greater internal validity.
They're similar, but the ABAB design has greater external validity.
Incorrect
They're not very similar, and the ABAB design has greater internal
validity and greater external validity. Incorrect
336
There are many obstacles that hinder psychologists' attempts to
understand and treat disorders. All of the following are obstacles,
EXCEPT:
respecting the rights of human participants and nonhuman subjects
in research. Incorrect
participants' and researchers' awareness of and expectations about
research. Incorrect
the relatively rigid, unchangeable behavior and thought patterns of
humans. (True Answer )Correct
All the answers are correct. Incorrect
337
Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the obstacles
that clinical scientists face in studying psychological disorders?
The level of self-awareness that humans possess may influence the
results. Incorrect
Humans have unusually stable (unchanging) moods and behavior.
The causes of human functioning are complex. Incorrect
Ethical considerations limit the kinds of studies that can be done.
Incorrect
338
Various obstacles interfere with the study of abnormal psychology. All
of the following are examples, EXCEPT:
Most clinicians oppose the scientific study of their discipline. (True

Answer )Correct
Human beings are complex. Incorrect
Self-awareness may influence the results of the study. Incorrect
Clinicians have a special relationship with their research subjects.
Incorrect
339
When more than one research method produces similar results, we:
are suspicious of the results. Incorrect
can have more confidence in the results. (True Answer )Correct
suspect that experimenter bias has occurred. Incorrect
conclude that our results are due to confounds. Incorrect
340
Which of the following is the BEST way for clinicians to come to an
understanding of abnormal behavior?
to rely solely on experimental research studies Incorrect
to rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research
methods (True Answer )Correct
to ignore studies that show conflicting results. Incorrect
to rely on conventional wisdom of past ages. Incorrect
341
Once a study in abnormal psychology finds significant results:
we can conclude that the study is valid. Incorrect
we must ask a number of questions about the details of the study.
we can apply the results to clinical practice. Incorrect
we have good information about how to prevent the disorder from
occurring. Incorrect
342
The correlational method of research may include all of the following
EXCEPT:
epidemiological studies. Incorrect
longitudinal studies. Incorrect
testing the correlation coefficient for statistical significance.
Incorrect
ABAB (reversal) studies. (True Answer )Correct
1
Psychological abnormality may include deviance, distress, dysfunction,
and danger. First, explain what these terms mean regarding
psychological abnormality. Second, provide an example of a time when
each aspect of abnormality would not be considered abnormal.
2
Suppose a friend of yours says to you, I feel really lousy today, and I
don't know why. You're taking abnormal psychwhat do you think? If,
after your conversation with your friend, your friend feels better about
things, have you provided psychological therapy? Why or why not?

Include the essential features of therapy in your answer.
3
What is demonology? How does demonology stand in the way of a
more complete understanding of the causes and treatment of
psychological abnormality?
4
Discuss the contributions of three of the following individuals to the
treatment of abnormal psychology. Include when and where each lived.
Hippocrates
Emil Kraepelin
Dorothea Dix
Philippe Pinel
Friedrich Anton Mesmer
Benjamin Rush
William Tuke
5
Assume that Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix suddenly appeared in
the twenty-first century, about 50 years after the U.S. policy of
deinstitutionalization began. What would they think about our
treatment of the mentally ill? What suggestions might they make for
changes in our policy of deinstitutionalization?
6
Define and contrast somatogenic and psychogenic perspectives
regarding abnormal psychological functioning, and provide at least one
example of evidence supporting each perspective.
7
According to your text, deinstitutionalization has resulted, in part, in
large numbers of people with severe psychological disturbances either
becoming homeless or ending up in jail or prison. Is
deinstitutionalization an ethical and appropriate strategy for the
treatment of mental illness that the United States should continue to
follow? Back up your answer with specific examples.
8
Increasingly, people seeking treatment for mental health reasons are
members of managed care programs. How are managed care
programs changing how psychological services are provided? Discuss
one advantage and one disadvantage of such programs.
The following types of mental health professionals work in the area of

psychological abnormality; describe the differences in how they are
educated, and in what they do. clinical psychologists psychiatrists
clinical researchers
10
Create a time line on which you place five major events in the history
of abnormality. Briefly describe why each event is important to our
understanding of abnormality.
11
The aspect of the definition of abnormality that characterizes behavior
as different from the norm is ______.
deviance (True Answer )
*
12
The stated and unstated rules that a society establishes to govern
proper conduct are referred to as______.
norms (True Answer )
*
13
Ken is so anxious that his anxiety by itself causes him to suffer. Ken's
situation represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called
______.
distress (True Answer )
*
14
Colleen is so afraid of open spaces that she cannot leave her house to
go to work. This represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality
called ______.
dysfunction (True Answer )
*
15
Heather has been feeling depressed and has begun to feel helpless
and hopeless and is considering committing suicide. Killing herself
represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called ______.
danger (True Answer )
*
16
The idea that the behaviors we label abnormal are just problems in
living has been proposed by ______.
Thomas Szasz (True Answer )
*
17
While some clinicians will refer to the person they are treating as a
patient, others will refer to the person as a(n) ______.
client (True Answer )
*
18
The crude early form of surgery in which a hole was made in the skull
of a person, presumably to allow evil spirits to escape, was called
______.
trephination (True Answer )
*
19
The procedure that a priest or other powerful person might perform to
drive evil spirits from a person is called ______.
exorcism (True Answer )
*
20
______ believed that abnormal behavior was caused by brain pathology
that was a consequence of an imbalance in the four humors of the
body.
Hippocrates (True Answer )
*
21
The parent of modern medicine who believed that illnesses had
natural causes was ______.
Hippocrates (True Answer )
*
22
During the Middle Ages, a person who believed that he was possessed
by wolves and other animals was said to be suffering from ______.
lycanthropy (True Answer )
*
23
The roots of today's community mental health programs can be traced
back to the fifteenth century when people came to the Belgian town
of______ for psychic healing.
Gheel (True Answer )
*
24
An approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that
emphasized humane and respectful approaches was known as ______
treatment.
moral (True Answer )
*
25
The physician who instituted a series of reforms at La Bictre asylum
and unchained mental patients was ______.
Pinel (True Answer )

*
26
The treatment for mental illness espoused by French physician Philippe
Pinel and English Quaker William Tuke was called _____ treatment by
their contemporaries.
moral (True Answer )
*
27
The American advocate for laws mandating the improved treatment of
people with mental disorders was ______.
Dorothea Dix (True Answer )
*
28
The view that physical causes are at the root of mental illnesses is
called the ______ perspective.
somatogenic (True Answer )
*
29
The somatogenic view of mental illness was given a boost in the 1800s
when it was discovered that general paresis was caused by ______.
syphilis (True Answer )
*
30
Psychological causes are at the root of mental illness, according to the
______ perspective.
psychogenic (True Answer )
*
31
The inducement of a trancelike state in which a person becomes
extremely suggestible fits into the ______ model of treating mental
illness.
*
32
Psychoanalysis's view of causes of abnormal and normal behavior fits
into the ______ model.
*
33
Psychotropic medications fit into the ______ model of treating mental
illness.
somatogenic (True Answer )
*
34
The major development utilizing drugs in the treatment of the mentally

ill in the second half of the twentieth century was the development of
psychiatric ______.
psychotropic medications (True Answer )
*
35
The reduction in the number of people housed in mental hospitals in
the last 40 years can be attributed to a trend called
______.
*
36
Moving the focus for the care of the mentally ill out of hospitals is part
of the ______ approach.
community mental health (True Answer )
*
37
The largest group of professionals who provide mental health services
are ______.
psychiatric social workers (True Answer )
*
38
The degree that psychiatrists hold is the ______.
M.D. or D.O. (True Answer )
*
39
One who systematically gathers information in order to describe,
predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:
mentalist. Incorrect
legalist. Incorrect
scientist. (True Answer )Correct
practitioner. Incorrect
40
If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and
treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into
becoming a clinical:
practitioner. (True Answer )Correct
researcher. Incorrect
historian. Incorrect
statistician. Incorrect
41
The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society
establishes are referred to as:
norms. (True Answer )Correct
culture. Incorrect
morality. Incorrect
conventions. Incorrect
42
Behavior that violates legal norms is:
deviant and criminal. (True Answer )Correct
distressful and criminal. Incorrect
deviant and psychopathological. Incorrect
distressful and psychopathological. Incorrect
43
The history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society make
up that society's:
laws. Incorrect
norms. Incorrect
culture. (True Answer )Correct
conventions. Incorrect
44
Which of the following depressed people would be the LEAST likely to
be diagnosed with a mental disorderbecause of specific
circumstances?
someone whose mother was depressed Incorrect
someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado (True
Answer )Correct
someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance
Incorrect
someone who was also an alcoholic Incorrect
45
R. D. Laing said, Insanitya perfectly rational adjustment to an
insane world. This statement illustrates:
how dangerous most mentally ill people actually are. Incorrect
that abnormality is situational. (True Answer )Correct
that everyone is a little eccentric. Incorrect
that drug use causes people to become mentally ill. Incorrect
46
That 42 percent of people go to church and 39 percent snoop in their
hosts' medicine cabinets demonstrates the principle that:
deviance is culturally defined. Incorrect
behavior that is not really dangerous can nevertheless be
considered abnormal. Incorrect
statistical deviance is not the same thing as abnormality. (True
Answer )Correct
behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal. Incorrect
47
If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant
natural disaster, we would say that the person was:
suffering from a mental illness. Incorrect
deviant but not dangerous. Incorrect
exhibiting a typical reaction. (True Answer )Correct
statistically deviant. Incorrect

48
People who engage in frenetic, manic activity may not experience
distress. They are:
nevertheless considered to be abnormal. (True Answer )Correct
not abnormal because abnormality requires distress. Incorrect
doing something illegal, not abnormal. Incorrect
no longer considered abnormal, but were in the past. Incorrect
49
A person who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason for
living BEST fits which of the following definitions of abnormality?
deviance Incorrect
distress (True Answer )Correct
dangerousness Incorrect
dysfunction Incorrect
50
An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up
early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great distress over
this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal
because it is:
dysfunctional. Incorrect
deviant. Incorrect
dysfunctional and deviant. (True Answer )Correct
dangerous. Incorrect
51
Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to
care for oneself and work productively?
distress Incorrect
deviance Incorrect
dysfunction (True Answer )Correct
danger to self or others Incorrect
52
Which of the following would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the
fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional?
someone who is too confused to drive safely Incorrect
someone who parties so much that he or she cannot go to class
Incorrect
someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice
someone who cannot stay alone for even one night Incorrect
53
A Secret Service agent steps in front of the President of the United
States, prepared to be killed or injured if the President's safety is
threatened. Psychologically speaking, the Secret Service agent's
behavior is:
functional, but psychologically abnormal. Incorrect
functional, and not psychologically abnormal. Incorrect

dysfunctional, and psychologically abnormal. Incorrect
dysfunctional, but not psychologically abnormal. (True Answer )
Correct
54
Research shows that danger to self or others is found in:
all cases of abnormal functioning. Incorrect
most cases of abnormal functioning. Incorrect
some cases of abnormal functioning. (True Answer )Correct
no cases of abnormal functioning. Incorrect
55
Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological
problems are not:
dangerous. (True Answer )Correct
distressing. Incorrect
deviant. Incorrect
56
According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call
mental illness are really:
mental illnesses. Incorrect
problems in living. (True Answer )Correct
caused by one's early childhood experiences. Incorrect
eccentric behaviors with a biological cause. Incorrect
57
A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments
or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index
cards. This person lives alone in the country, but he doesn't interfere
with others' lives. The BEST description of the researcher's behavior is
that it is:
eccentric. (True Answer )Correct
abnormal. Incorrect
dangerous. Incorrect
58
College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives,
health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in
abnormal behavior because:
the behavior is not illegal. Incorrect
they are just considered eccentric. Incorrect
they don't harm anyone but themselves. Incorrect
drinking is considered part of college culture. (True Answer )Correct
59
Defining abnormal behavior, using the four Ds:
allows us to create diagnoses that are clear-cut and not debatable.
Incorrect
allows us to eliminate those who are merely eccentric. Incorrect

allows us to include those who experience no distress. Incorrect
is still often vague and subjective. (True Answer )Correct
60
Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be
experiencing a mental illness because:
they are not deviant. Incorrect
they freely choose and enjoy their behavior. (True Answer )Correct
they are only dangerous to others, not to themselves. Incorrect
while they are distressed by their behavior, others are not. Incorrect
61
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eccentrics noted by
researchers in the field?
having a diagnosable mental illness (True Answer )Correct
being creative Incorrect
enjoying one's life Incorrect
62
Studies show that eccentrics are more likely than those with mental
disorders to say:
I feel like my behavior has been thrust on me. Incorrect
I'm different and I like it. (True Answer )Correct
I am in a lot of pain and I suffer a great deal. Incorrect
I wish I were not so unique. Incorrect
63
Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy
include all of the following EXCEPT a:
series of contacts. Incorrect
healer. Incorrect
third-party payer. (True Answer )Correct
sufferer who seeks relief. Incorrect
64
One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those
seeking help with their problems in living as:
pupils. Incorrect
patients. Incorrect
trainees. Incorrect
clients. (True Answer )Correct
65
Several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United
States about what percentage of adults show disturbances severe
enough to need clinical treatment?
under 1 percent. Incorrect
66
Which of the following new diagnoses would one experiencing

overwhelming concern about being bombarded with excessive
information on the Internet MOST likely receive?
eco-anxiety Incorrect
terrorism terror Incorrect
crime phobia Incorrect
cyber fear (True Answer )Correct
67
Which of the following new diagnoses would someone experiencing
overwhelming concern about the security of travel on planes and
subways MOST likely receive?
terrorism terror (True Answer )Correct
crime phobia Incorrect
cyber fear Incorrect
68
Which of the following new diagnoses would someone experiencing
overwhelming concern about where the safest neighborhoods and
schools are located be MOST likely to receive?
terrorism terror Incorrect
crime phobia (True Answer )Correct
cyber fear Incorrect
69
The use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief that abnormal
behavior was caused by:
germs. Incorrect
poisons. Incorrect
evil spirits. (True Answer )Correct
psychological trauma. Incorrect
70
A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink
bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that
evil spirits will be driven from the person's body. This form of
therapy is called:
exorcism. (True Answer )Correct
shaman. Incorrect
couvade. Incorrect
trephination. Incorrect
71
If you were being treated by a shaman, you would MOST likely be
undergoing:
gender-sensitive therapy. Incorrect
community-based treatment. Incorrect
an exorcism. (True Answer )Correct
72
Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should
involve:
releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain. Incorrect
bringing the four body humors back into balance. (True Answer )
Correct
punishing the body for its sins. Incorrect
bloodletting. Incorrect
73
Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of
mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of:
stress. Incorrect
natural causes. (True Answer )Correct
brain pathology. Incorrect
spiritual deviations. Incorrect
74
Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an
imbalance in the four humors, one of which was:
water. Incorrect
lymph gland fluid. Incorrect
phlegm. (True Answer )Correct
cerebrospinal fluid. Incorrect
75
Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by:
hypnotizing patients. Incorrect
chaining patients to walls. Incorrect
correcting underlying physical pathology. (True Answer )Correct
encouraging patients to speak about past traumas. Incorrect
76
Bob experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have stopped trying
to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greek physician
would have labeled his condition:
mania. Incorrect
hysteria. Incorrect
delusional. Incorrect
melancholia. (True Answer )Correct
77
A flash mob is MOST similar to:
mass madness. (True Answer )Correct
melancholia. Incorrect
trephination. Incorrect
eco-terrorist Incorrect
78
What model of mental illness did MOST people believe in during the
Middle Ages?
the moral model Incorrect
the medical model Incorrect

the psychogenic model Incorrect
the demonology model (True Answer )Correct
79
Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of:
exorcism. Incorrect
mass madness. (True Answer )Correct
physical pathology causing mental illness. Incorrect
disorders that were treated with trephination. Incorrect
80
St. Vitus's dance, characterized by people suddenly going into
convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as:
lycanthropy. Incorrect
melancholia. Incorrect
phlegmatism. Incorrect
tarantism. (True Answer )Correct
81
Mass madness is a general term that includes all of the following
disorders common in the Middle Ages in Europe EXCEPT:
tarantism. Incorrect
lycanthropy. Incorrect
exorcism. (True Answer )Correct
St. Vitus's dance. Incorrect
82
Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages
in Europe were the:
physicians. Incorrect
nobility. Incorrect
peasants. Incorrect
clergy. (True Answer )Correct
83
During the Middle Ages in Europe, demonology dominated views of
abnormality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
the power of the clergy increased greatly. Incorrect
the church rejected scientific forms of investigation. Incorrect
the church controlled education. Incorrect
the culture rejected religious beliefs. (True Answer )Correct
84
The individual considered to be the founder of the modern study of
psychopathology is:
Hippocrates. Incorrect
Johann Weyer. (True Answer )Correct
Dorothea Dix. Incorrect
Emil Kraepelin. Incorrect
85
Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern study of

psychopathology, was a physician in the:
1200s. Incorrect
1500s. (True Answer )Correct
1700s. Incorrect
1800s. Incorrect
86
Pilgrims in Europe in the 1600s would be MOST likely to go for
psychic healing to:
Bethlehem Hospital in London. Incorrect
Gheel, Belgium. (True Answer )Correct
La Bictre in Paris. Incorrect
Athens, Greece. Incorrect
87
In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Hospital in
London, became:
shrines. Incorrect
tourist attractions. (True Answer )Correct
sheltered workshops. Incorrect
centers of moral treatment. Incorrect
88
Treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be:
moral therapy. Incorrect
harsh and cruel. (True Answer )Correct
religiously based. Incorrect
psychogenic therapy. Incorrect
89
What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in
1547?
Popularly called Bedlam, it came to represent deplorable
conditions for patients. (True Answer )Correct
It was the first asylum founded by Hippocrates. Incorrect
It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous exwives. Incorrect
It was the first asylum where the moral treatment of patients was
practiced. Incorrect
90
The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that:
mental problems had a biological basis. Incorrect
demonology was a cause of mental illness. Incorrect
mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness. (True
Answer )Correct
the cause of mental illness was immoral behavior. Incorrect
91
The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to northern
England was:
John Dix. Incorrect

Joseph Gall. Incorrect
William Tuke. (True Answer )Correct
Benjamin Rush. Incorrect
92
The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to the United
States was:
John Dix. Incorrect
Joseph Gall. Incorrect
William Tuke. Incorrect
Benjamin Rush. (True Answer )Correct
93
The American schoolteacher who lobbied state legislatures for laws to
mandate humane treatment of people with mental disorders was:
William Tuke. Incorrect
Dorothea Dix. (True Answer )Correct
Clifford Beers. Incorrect
94
Which of the following is part of the legacy of Dorothea Dix?
deinstitutionalization Incorrect
state mental hospitals (True Answer )Correct
federal prisons Incorrect
privatization of mental hospitals Incorrect
95
The decline in the use of moral treatment and the rise in the use of
custodial care in mental hospitals at the end of the twentieth century is
due to all of the following EXCEPT:
the total lack of success of moral treatment. (True Answer )Correct
too many hospitals, resulting in funding and staffing shortages.
Incorrect
prejudice against poor, immigrant patients in hospitals. Incorrect
lack of public and private funding for hospitals. Incorrect
96
The moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late
nineteenth century because:
prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased. Incorrect
fewer and fewer immigrants were being sent to mental hospitals.
Incorrect
all patients needing treatment had to be helped. Incorrect
hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded. (True Answer )
Correct
97
One factor that contributed to the decline of moral therapy was:
it did not work for everyone. (True Answer )Correct
it was shown to be completely ineffective. Incorrect
too few patients were hospitalized. Incorrect

the development of psychogenic drugs replaced it. Incorrect
98
Hippocrates' model of mental illness can be described as:
psychiatric. Incorrect
somatogenic. (True Answer )Correct
psychogenic. Incorrect
supernatural. Incorrect
99
The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience
neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports
what type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning?
somatogenic (True Answer )Correct
psychogenic Incorrect
moral Incorrect
deterministic Incorrect
100
The discovery of the link between general paresis and syphilis was
made by:
Emil Kraepelin. Incorrect
Fritz Schaudinn Incorrect
Richard von Krafft-Ebing. (True Answer )Correct
101
The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it
supports the idea that:
mental patients should be deinstitutionalized. Incorrect
organic factors can cause mental illness. (True Answer )Correct
antibiotics cannot cure viral diseases. Incorrect
physicians should be the ones treating mental illnesses. Incorrect
102
For those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best
treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a:
community center. Incorrect
spa and retreat center. Incorrect
counselor's office. Incorrect
hospital. (True Answer )Correct
103
Which of the following statements would offer the LEAST support for
the somatogenic view of abnormal behavior?
Hypnotism has helped people give up smoking. (True Answer )
Correct
Alcoholism tends to run in families. Incorrect
People with Lyme disease often have psychological symptoms.
Incorrect
Most people with depression are helped with medication. Incorrect
104
Eugenics had as its goal sterilization of people with mental disorders, a
policy based on the idea that mentally ill people:
could not provide a good environment for their children. Incorrect
were mentally defective (that is, developmentally delayed).
Incorrect
reproduced at a rate higher than that of the general population.
Incorrect
should not be allowed to pass on their defective genes. (True
Answer )Correct
105
Eugenics sterilization reflects the ______ perspective on abnormality.
somatogenic (True Answer )Correct
cultural Incorrect
managed care Incorrect
106
The somatogenic treatment for mental illness that seems to have been
MOST successful was the use of:
psychosurgery. Incorrect
various medications. (True Answer )Correct
insulin shock therapy. Incorrect
107
Syphilis is to the somatogenic approach as ______ is to the psychogenic
approach.
eugenics Incorrect
tarantism Incorrect
trephinism Incorrect
hypnotism (True Answer )Correct
108
Hypnotism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
Mesmer. Incorrect
the somatogenic perspective. (True Answer )Correct
the late 1700s. Incorrect
109
Mesmer became famousor infamousfor his work with patients
suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients'
disorders are termed:
somatogenic. Incorrect
hysterical. (True Answer )Correct
phlegmatic. Incorrect
bilious. Incorrect
110
An otherwise normal person under the influence of hypnotic

suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of
these abnormal behaviors lends support to which explanation for
abnormality?
psychogenic (True Answer )Correct
somatogenic Incorrect
parthenogenic Incorrect
schizophrenegenic Incorrect
111
Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms
of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis?
demonological Incorrect
moral Incorrect
112
Bernheim and Libault used hypnotic suggestion to induce hysterical
disorders in normal people, providing support for which perspective
of abnormality?
demonological Incorrect
113
The early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Josef Breuer
and Sigmund Freud was:
prayer. Incorrect
bleeding. Incorrect
hypnotism. (True Answer )Correct
trephining. Incorrect
114
Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a
feature of:
psychoanalysis. (True Answer )Correct
psychogenic therapy. Incorrect
all psychological therapy. Incorrect
115
Psychoanalysis was developed as a form of:
outpatient therapy. (True Answer )Correct
somatogenic therapy. Incorrect
116
Psychoanalysis, as Freud developed it, was a form of what we now
would call:
mesmerism. Incorrect
outpatient therapy. (True Answer )Correct
community psychology. Incorrect
Kraepelinism. Incorrect
117
Which of the following patients is MOST likely to benefit most from
psychoanalytic treatment?
a person who needs to make profound behavioral changes very
quickly Incorrect
a person who has difficulty expressing ideas and feelings verbally
Incorrect
someone who is insightful and thinks clearly (True Answer )Correct
someone who is severely disturbed and in a mental hospital
Incorrect
118
Regarding the cause of mental disorders, surveys have found that 43
percent of people today believe that mental illness is caused by which
of the following?
sinful behavior Incorrect
lack of willpower Incorrect
lack of self-discipline Incorrect
something people bring on themselves (True Answer )Correct
119
People with severe mental illnesses are LESS likely to be ______ than
they were 50 years ago.
medicated with psychotropic drugs Incorrect
hospitalized in mental institutions (True Answer )Correct
homeless or in prison Incorrect
treated in outpatient facilities Incorrect
120
Which of the following BEST reflects the impact of
deinstitutionalization?
Fine; most people with severe disturbances are receiving treatment.
Incorrect
Not so well; many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on
the street. (True Answer )Correct
Better than hospitalization; at least care is consistent and there is no
shuttling back and forth through different levels of care. Incorrect
Well; communities have been able to pick up the care of those with
severe disturbances and provide effective treatment for most all of
them. Incorrect
121
A medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of
depression and other mood disorders. The general term for this type
of drug is:
psychogenic. Incorrect
somatogenic. Incorrect
psychotropic. (True Answer )Correct
somatotropic. Incorrect
122
Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking
are termed:
antianxiety. Incorrect
antihypochondriacal. Incorrect
antipsychotic. (True Answer )Correct
123
Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting
the brain are called:
psychedelics. Incorrect
antineurotics. Incorrect
psychotropics. (True Answer )Correct
psychophysiologicals. Incorrect
124
Dave is confused and usually thinks that he is King David (Old
Testament). If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOST likely
be a(n):
stimulant drug. Incorrect
antipsychotic drug. (True Answer )Correct
antidepressant drug. Incorrect
125
Jena is experiencing sadness, lack of energy, and low self-worth. The
condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist prescribed
medication it would likely be a(n):
stimulant drug. Incorrect
antipsychotic drug. Incorrect
antidepressant drug. (True Answer )Correct
126
If your primary symptom were excessive worry, the psychotropic drug
for you would be an:
antipsychotic. Incorrect
antiemetic. Incorrect
antianxiety medication. (True Answer )Correct
127
The number of patients hospitalized in mental hospitals in the United
States today is MOST similar to the number
hospitalized in:
1990. (True Answer )Correct
1970. Incorrect
1960. Incorrect
1950. Incorrect
128
One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades
has been the:
policy of deinstitutionalization. (True Answer )Correct
use of psychotropic medication. Incorrect
decrease in the use of private psychotherapy. Incorrect
move to the community mental health approach. Incorrect
129
In the United States today, one is MOST likely to find a severely ill
mental patient:
in a mental hospital. Incorrect
on the street or in jail. (True Answer )Correct
receiving drug counseling in a shelter. Incorrect
in private therapy paid for by the state. Incorrect
130
Which of the following statements BEST reflects the current care for
people with less severe disturbances?
Many are treated by generalists who specialize in a number of
different types of disorders. Incorrect
Private insurance companies are likely to cover outpatient
treatment. (True Answer )Correct
It is difficult to find treatment for someone experiencing a problem
in living. Incorrect
Private psychotherapy is available only to the wealthy. Incorrect
131
Problems with marital, family, peer, work, school, or community
relationships would be MOST similar to:
the sorts of problems Freud treated. Incorrect
other problems in living. (True Answer )Correct
problems treated in specialized treatment centers. Incorrect
other problems treated with antipsychotics. Incorrect
132
Suicide prevention, substance abuse treatment, and eating disorder
clinics are MOST similar to which kind of market?
Whole Foods, a large market that offers many different types
of food Incorrect
Sweet Cupcakes, a store that specializes in only one type of food
Corner Market, a Mom and Pop store that carries rather oldfashioned food Incorrect
New York Deli, a high-end market that serves only the wealthy
Incorrect
133
The approach to therapy for mental illness in which a person pays a

psychotherapist for services is called:
sociological therapy. Incorrect
the medical approach. Incorrect
private psychotherapy. (True Answer )Correct
the community mental health approach. Incorrect
134
Surveys suggest that about what proportion of adults in the United
States receive psychological therapy in a typical year?
1 in 10,000 Incorrect
1 in 15 Incorrect
1 in 6 (True Answer )Correct
1 in 1000 Incorrect
135
If you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the United States,
your therapy will last for
a year, with weekly sessions. Incorrect
about 100 hours. Incorrect
fewer than five sessions. (True Answer )Correct
24 hours, in an inpatient facility. Incorrect
136
A significant change in the type of care offered now compared to the
time Freud was practicing is that:
fewer patients are suffering from anxiety and depression. Incorrect
fewer patients receive outpatient treatment. Incorrect
people are more likely to receive treatment for problems in living.
there are fewer specialized programs focused on treating only one
type of problem. Incorrect
137
Efforts to address the needs of children who are at risk for developing
mental disorders (babies of teenage mothers, children of those with
severe mental disorders) are categorized as:
positive psychology. Incorrect
eco-anxiety treatment. Incorrect
preventive. (True Answer )Correct
138
Efforts to help people develop personally meaningful activities and
healthy relationships are a part of:
eco-anxiety treatment. Incorrect
a somatogenic approach to treatment. Incorrect
the clinical practice of positive psychology. (True Answer )Correct
an eccentric's level of creativity. Incorrect
139
Which of the following pairs of words BEST describes the current

emphasis in mental health?
prevention and positive psychology (True Answer )Correct
promotion and public psychology Incorrect
perfection and primary psychology Incorrect
people and professional psychology Incorrect
140
A psychologist focuses on optimism, wisdom, happiness, and
interpersonal skill. The psychologist is MOST likely:
a psychoanalyst. Incorrect
a positive psychologist. (True Answer )Correct
a community mental health worker. Incorrect
a rehabilitation specialist. Incorrect
141
If your university had a first-year program designed to ease the
transition from high school to college and to decrease the dropout
rates, that program would have elements MOST similar to:
mental health prevention programs. (True Answer )Correct
positive psychology programs. Incorrect
deinstitutionalization programs. Incorrect
outpatient therapy. Incorrect
142
If your university had a program designed to help students achieve
their full potential, physically, educationally, and spiritually, that
program would have elements MOST similar to:
mental health prevention programs. Incorrect
positive psychology programs. (True Answer )Correct
deinstitutionalization programs. Incorrect
outpatient therapy. Incorrect
143
Immigration trends and differences in birth rates among minority
groups in the United States have caused psychological treatment to
become more:
hospital focused. Incorrect
multicultural. (True Answer )Correct
positive. Incorrect
dependent on the use of medications. Incorrect
144
If you were receiving multicultural therapy, you could expect all of the
following EXCEPT:
greater sensitivity to cultural issues in therapy. Incorrect
a focus on the uniqueness of the issues you face. Incorrect
a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems.
sensitivity to the traditions of your particular culture. Incorrect
145
What the #%*$!! is going on? The insurance company says I have to
stop my anger management program now! The client who says this is
MOST likely voicing concern about a:
managed care program. (True Answer )Correct
private psychotherapist. Incorrect
community mental health agency. Incorrect
sociocultural resource center. Incorrect
146
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of managed care
programs?
limited pool of practitioners for patients to choose from Incorrect
preapproval for treatment by the insurance company Incorrect
ongoing reviews and assessments Incorrect
patient choice in number of sessions that therapy can last (True
Answer )Correct
147
Parity laws for insurance coverage of mental health treatment mandate
that:
physicians and psychologists must have the same level of
education. Incorrect
coverage for mental and physical problems must be reimbursed
equally. (True Answer )Correct
the number of sessions allowed for treatment of mental and physical
treatment must be equal. Incorrect
patients must be allowed to choose the therapist they want for
148
Which of the following sequences is correct in terms of prominence of
mental health treatments in the United States during the twentieth
century and beyond?
sociocultural, biological, psychoanalytic, behavioral Incorrect
psychoanalytic, biological, cognitive, sociocultural (True Answer )
Correct
humanistic, sociocultural, biological psychoanalytic Incorrect
biological, humanistic, psychoanalytic, sociocultural Incorrect
149
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the participation of
women in the mental health professions?
There are more women in social work than in counseling
professions. Incorrect
Women are least often found in medicine and most often found in
social work. Incorrect
The profession with the highest percentage of women is counseling.
The majority of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists are men.
Incorrect
150
A physician who offers psychotherapy is called a:
psychiatrist. (True Answer )Correct
psychodiagnostician. Incorrect
psychoanalyst. Incorrect
151
One major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists
is that psychiatrists:
went to medical school. (True Answer )Correct
must work in a medical setting. Incorrect
are allowed to do psychotherapy. Incorrect
have more training in mental illness. Incorrect
152
The specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is:
psychiatry. Incorrect
psychiatric social work. (True Answer )Correct
psychology. Incorrect
counseling. Incorrect
153
After medical school a psychiatrist receives three to four years of
training in the treatment of abnormal functioning; this training is called
a(n):
residency. (True Answer )Correct
internship. Incorrect
practicum. Incorrect
community mental health tour. Incorrect
154
Imagine a person who works in a mental hospital analyzing various
treatment protocols to see how multicultural factors impact success
rates. This person is MOST likely a:
clinical researcher. (True Answer )Correct
psychiatrist. Incorrect
psychiatric social worker. Incorrect
155
A person is hard at work trying to discover which combination of
environmental and genetic factors produces schizophrenia. Most likely,
the person is a:
clinical researcher. (True Answer )Correct
psychiatric social worker. Incorrect
family therapist. Incorrect
counseling psychologist. Incorrect
156
Which of the following is the MOST accurate conclusion about the
current state of abnormal psychology in the United States?
There is no single definition of abnormality, no one theoretical

understanding of the causes of mental illness, and no single best
treatment. (True Answer )Correct
We do know what mental illness is, but we don't understand what
causes it, or the best way to treat it. Incorrect
We haven't advanced much beyond the demonology era. Incorrect
Now we understand what causes mental illness and how best to
treat it; plus, we can define it. Incorrect
157
The MOST accurate summary of the field of abnormal psychology at
the present time is that clinical psychologists generally:
accept one definition of abnormality, and practice one form of
do not accept one definition of abnormality, but practice one form of
accept one definition of abnormality, but practice more than one
form of treatment. Incorrect
do not accept one definition of abnormality, and practice more than
one form of treatment. (True Answer )Correct
158
One who studies the history of the field of abnormal psychology MOST
likely would compare our current understanding of abnormal behavior
to a book that:
hasn't even been begun to be written. Incorrect
has received a title, but no text. Incorrect
is in the process of being written. (True Answer )Correct
is completed, and needs only to be read to be understood. Incorrect

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Psych Final

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2762

Surveys show that ______ is a common experience for close to half of

younger children have higher rates of depression than older

the use of psychodynamic therapy. Incorrect

conduct disorder. Incorrect

At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to

My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do

If your child is diagnosed with a conduct disorder, you could be

abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage. (True Answer )

Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic

boy over 5 years old. Incorrect

appear to be exceptionally coordinated. Incorrect

So far, researchers have found no biological causes for ASD.

long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test

asking about things that were of particular interest to him or her.

are not positively correlated with school performance. Incorrect

improve overall functioning, but do not improve later performance in

translocation type. Incorrect

Both can be detected at birth and treated. Incorrect

antisocial (True Answer )

treated personality disorders using didactic behavioral therapy

An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality

rare: such distrust defines those with paranoid personality disorder.

those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those

language and motor skills (True Answer )Correct

schizoid personality disorder. Incorrect

odd (True Answer )Correct

Which of these well-known people appears to have displayed

You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality

A therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality

When dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline

the therapist is unaware that drugs are always used in combination

changeable. If this person were diagnosed with a personality disorder,

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Incorrect

narcissistic personality disorder, and will not make much progress in

If parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at

neither reliable nor valid. (True Answer )Correct

conscientiousness, negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism,

sure to address issues such as types of symptoms, dosage level, and

family therapy (True Answer )

sheltered workshop (True Answer )

The usual way of dealing with troublesome or violent schizophrenic

the token economy Incorrect

A third-grade teacher gives students stickers throughout the school

it has symptoms that are similar to schizophrenia. (True Answer )

clozapine. (True Answer )Correct

On average, atypical cause more extrapyramidal symptoms.

Rather than seeking to eliminate hallucinations and delusions, which

challenging ideas about the power of hallucinations. Incorrect

a halfway house. Incorrect

sociocultural treatments and psychological treatments only.

MICA is overdiagnosed because the drug abuse is often

cognitive distortion. Incorrect

I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new

Those with schizophrenia who stop responding to their environment

The stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by

40?60 percent (True Answer )Correct

If schizophrenia depended solely on genetic make-up, then compared

in about 5 percent of women, beginning 1?2 years after childbirth

The link between dopamine and schizophrenia is supported by the

Regarding brain structure, those with schizophrenia have been found

an excess of dopamine. Incorrect

In many cases, people with schizophrenia make at least modest gains