Professional Documents
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CSC-326 Transformer
Protection IED
Technical Application Manual
Compiled: Jin Rui
Checked: Hou Changsong
Standardized: Li Lianchang
Version V1.01
Doc.Code0SF.450.085(E)
Issued Date2012.8.31
VersionV1.01
Doc. Code0SF.450.085(E)
Issued Date2012.8
Copyright owner: Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd
Note: the company keeps the right to perfect the instruction. If equipment does not agree
with the instruction at anywhere, please contact our company in time. We will provide you
with corresponding service.
Preface
Purpose of this manual
This manual describes the functions, operation, installation, and placing into service
of device CSC-326. In particular, one will find:
Information on how to configure the device scope and a description of the device
functions and setting options;
A compilation of the most significant data for experienced users in the Appendix.
Target Audience
Protection engineers, commissioning engineers, personnel concerned with
adjustment, checking, and service of selective protective equipment, automatic and
control facilities, and personnel of electrical facilities and power plants.
Indication of Conformity
Additional Support
In case of further questions concerning IED CSC-326 system, please contact
SIFANG representative.
Safety information
Avoid to touching the circuitry when covers are removed. The IED
contains electirc circuits which can be damaged if exposed to static
electricity. Lethal high voltage circuits are also exposed when covers
are removed
Using the isolated test pins when measuring signals in open circuitry.
Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present
Changing the setting value group will inevitably change the IEDs
operation. Be careful and check regulations before making the
change
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................... 1
1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 2
2 Features..................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2 Basic protection elements ............................................................................. 9
1 Startup element .........................................................................................................10
1.1
Introduction..................................................................................................10
1.2
Sudden-change current startup element ......................................................10
1.3
Differential current startup element ..............................................................10
2 Input and output signals ............................................................................................ 11
3 Settings .....................................................................................................................13
4 Report .......................................................................................................................16
Chapter 3 Differential protection ...................................................................................17
1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................18
2 Applications...............................................................................................................18
3 Protection algorithm ..................................................................................................19
3.1
Differential and restraint current calculation .................................................20
3.2
Automatic Ratio compensation ....................................................................22
3.3
Automatic Vector group and zero sequence current compensation..............26
4 Protection principle....................................................................................................32
4.1
Instantaneous differential protection characteristic .......................................32
4.2
Treble slope percent differential protection characteristic .............................34
4.3
Selective inrush stabilization schemes .........................................................37
4.3.1
2nd harmonic stabilization ...........................................................................38
4.3.2
Fuzzy recognition of inrush based on the waveform ....................................38
4.4
Overexcitation stabilization ..........................................................................40
4.5
CT Failure supervision .................................................................................42
4.6
CT Saturation supervision............................................................................43
4.7
Differential current supervision.....................................................................44
5 Input and output signals ............................................................................................46
6 Settings .....................................................................................................................47
7 Report .......................................................................................................................50
8 Technical data ...........................................................................................................51
Chapter 4 Restricted earth fault protection ...................................................................53
1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................54
2 Applications...............................................................................................................54
3 Protection principle....................................................................................................56
3.1
Differential and restraint current calculation .................................................57
3.2
Automatic Ratio compensation ....................................................................59
3.3
Positive sequence current blocking..............................................................61
3.4
Restricted earth fault current alarm ..............................................................62
4 Input and output signals ............................................................................................63
5 Settings .....................................................................................................................64
6 Report ...................................................................................................................... 66
7 Technical data........................................................................................................... 67
Chapter 5 Overexcitation protection ............................................................................. 69
1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 70
2 Protection principle ................................................................................................... 70
2.1
Protection principle...................................................................................... 70
2.2
Voltage channel configuration ..................................................................... 76
3 Input and output signals............................................................................................ 77
4 Settings .................................................................................................................... 78
5 Report ...................................................................................................................... 79
6 Technical data........................................................................................................... 80
Chapter 6 Overcurrent protection................................................................................. 83
1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 84
2 Protection principle ................................................................................................... 84
2.1
Protection Elements .................................................................................... 84
2.2
Inrush Restraint Feature.............................................................................. 86
2.3
Direction Determination Feature.................................................................. 87
2.4
CBF initiation Feature ................................................................................. 90
3 Input and output signals............................................................................................ 91
4 Setting ...................................................................................................................... 92
5 Report ...................................................................................................................... 99
6 Technical data........................................................................................................... 99
Chapter 7 Earth fault protection ................................................................................. 101
1 Protection principle ................................................................................................. 102
1.1
Protection elements .................................................................................. 102
1.2
Inrush Restraint Feature............................................................................ 104
1.3
Direction Determination Feature................................................................ 105
1.4
CBF initiation Feature ............................................................................... 107
2 Input and output signals.......................................................................................... 108
3 Setting .................................................................................................................... 109
4 Report .................................................................................................................... 115
5 Technical data......................................................................................................... 116
Chapter 8 Neutral earth fault protection ..................................................................... 119
1 Protection principle ................................................................................................. 120
1.1
Protection Elements .................................................................................. 120
1.2
Inrush Restraint Feature............................................................................ 122
1.3
Direction Determination Feature................................................................ 122
1.4
CBF initiation Feature ............................................................................... 124
2 Input and output signals.......................................................................................... 125
3 Setting .................................................................................................................... 126
4 Report .................................................................................................................... 132
5 Technical data......................................................................................................... 133
Chapter 9 Thermal overload protection ...................................................................... 135
1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 136
2 Protection principle..................................................................................................136
3 Input and output signals ..........................................................................................138
4 Setting.....................................................................................................................138
5 Report .....................................................................................................................140
6 Technical data .........................................................................................................141
Chapter 10 Overload protection ...................................................................................143
1 Protection principle..................................................................................................144
2 Input and output signals ..........................................................................................145
3 Setting.....................................................................................................................146
4 Report .....................................................................................................................148
Chapter 11 Overvoltage protection...............................................................................149
5 Introduction .............................................................................................................150
6 Protection principle..................................................................................................150
6.1
Phase to phase overvoltage protection ......................................................150
6.2
Phase to earth overvlotage protection........................................................151
7 Logic diagram .........................................................................................................151
8 Input and output signals ..........................................................................................151
9 Setting.....................................................................................................................152
10
Report ..............................................................................................................154
11
Technical data ..................................................................................................154
Chapter 12 Circuit breaker failure protection ................................................................157
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................158
2 Protection principle..................................................................................................158
3 Logic diagram .........................................................................................................161
4 Input and output signals ..........................................................................................163
5 Setting.....................................................................................................................164
6 Report .....................................................................................................................167
7 Technical data .........................................................................................................167
Chapter 13 Dead zone protection.................................................................................169
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................170
2 Protection principle..................................................................................................170
2.1
Function description...................................................................................171
3 Logic diagram .........................................................................................................171
4 Input and output signals ..........................................................................................172
5 Setting.....................................................................................................................173
6 Report .....................................................................................................................174
7 Technical data .........................................................................................................174
Chapter 14 STUB protection ........................................................................................175
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................176
2 Protection principle..................................................................................................176
2.1
Function description...................................................................................176
3 Logic diagram .........................................................................................................177
4 Input and output signals ..........................................................................................177
5 Setting.....................................................................................................................178
Introduction .............................................................................................................212
3.1
IED structure .............................................................................................212
3.2
IED appearance.........................................................................................212
3.3
IED module arrangement ...........................................................................213
3.4
The rear view of the protection IED............................................................213
Local human-machine interface ..............................................................................214
4.1
Human machine interface ..........................................................................214
4.2
LCD ...........................................................................................................215
4.3
Keypad ......................................................................................................215
4.4
Shortcut keys and functional keys..............................................................216
4.5
LED ...........................................................................................................217
4.6
Front communication port ..........................................................................218
Analog input module ...............................................................................................219
5.1
Introduction................................................................................................219
5.2
Terminals of Analogue Input Module (AIM) ................................................219
5.3
Technical data............................................................................................220
5.3.1
Internal current transformer.................................................................220
5.3.2
Internal voltage transformer ................................................................221
Communication module ..........................................................................................222
6.1
Introduction................................................................................................222
6.2
Substaion communication port ...................................................................222
6.2.1
RS232 communication ports ...............................................................222
6.2.2
RS485 communication ports ...............................................................222
6.2.3
Ethernet communication ports.............................................................222
6.2.4
Time synchronization port ...................................................................223
6.3
Terminals of Communication Module .........................................................223
6.4
Operating reports .......................................................................................224
6.5
Technical data............................................................................................224
6.5.1
Front communication port ...................................................................224
6.5.2
RS485 communication port .................................................................225
6.5.3
Ethernet communication port ..............................................................225
6.5.4
Time synchronization ..........................................................................226
Binary input module ................................................................................................227
7.1
Introduction................................................................................................227
7.2
Terminals of Binary Input Module (BIM) .....................................................227
7.3
Technical data............................................................................................229
Binary output module ..............................................................................................230
8.1
Introduction................................................................................................230
8.2
Terminals of Binary Output Module (BOM) .................................................230
8.2.1
Binary Output Module A ......................................................................230
8.2.2
Binary Output Module C ......................................................................233
8.3
Technical data............................................................................................234
Power supply module ..............................................................................................236
9.1
Introduction................................................................................................236
9.2
9.3
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
Overview
It is selective, reliable and high speed IED (Intelligent Electronic Device)
for transformer protection with powerful capabilities to cover following
applications:
For large and medium two- or three-winding transformers, and autotransformer
Work as main protection unit only or full functions unit for the
complicated application
The IED is able to provide all main protection functions and backup protection functions in one case, including differential protection, restricted
earth fault (REF), overexcitation, thermal overload, overcurrent, earth
fault protection, etc.
The integrated flexible logic make the IED suitable to be applied to (auto)transformers with all the possible vector groups, with/without earthing
connection inside the protected zone.
The wide application flexibility makes the IED an excellent choice for both
new installations and retrofitting of the existing stations.
.
Chapter 1 Introduction
Features
CT saturation detection
CT secondarycircuit supervison
CT saturation recognition
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
substation automation system by IEC60870-5-103 protocol
Chapter 1 Introduction
Protection functions
IEC 61850
Description
ANSI Code
Logical Node
Name
IEC 60617
graphical symbol
Differential protection
Transformer differential protection
87T
PDIF
87N
PDIF
Current protection
3IINV>
Overcurrent protection
50,51,67
PTOC
3I >>
3I >>>
I0INV>
PEFM
I0>>
I0>>>
49
PTTR
Ith
Overload protection
50OL
PTOC
3I >OL
50OL
U/f>
Voltage protection
Overexcitation protection
24
PVPH
Overvoltage protection
59
PTOV
3U>
3U>>
50BF
RBRF
I0>BF
I2>BF
50SH-Z
3I< PD
50PD
RPLD
I0>PD
I2>PD
Chapter 1 Introduction
Monitoring functions
Description
Auxiliary contacts of circuit breaker supervision
Self-supervision
Fault recorder
Station communication
Description
Front communication port
Isolated RS232 port
Rear communication port
0-2 isolated electrical RS485 communication ports
0-3 Ethernet electrical/optical communication ports
Time synchronization port
Communication protocols
IEC 61850 protocol
IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
Chapter 1 Introduction
Startup element
1.1
Introduction
Startup elements are designed to detect a faulty condition in the power
system and initiate all necessary procedures for selective clearance of
the fault. The main startup element of CSC-326 is current
sudden-change startup element(abrupt current), the backup startup
element is diffrential current startup elment.
Startup element includes:
1.2
i I _ startup
i i (t ) 2 i (t T ) i (t 2T )
where
I_startup is a fix threshold value(IQd =0.2A when the secondary
value of CT is 1A, and IQd =1A when secondary value of CT is 5A)
1.3
I d max Max I d , a, b, c
10
Relay Startup
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
IA3
IB3
IC3
IA4
IB4
IC4
IA5
IB5
IC5
11
Differential current
startup element
IA1
Relay Startup
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
IA3
IB3
IC3
IA4
IB4
IC4
IA5
IB5
IC5
Signal
Description
IA1
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
IA3
IB3
IC3
IA4
IB4
IC4
IA5
IB5
12
Signal
Description
IC5
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Settings
Table 3 Settings of basic protection element
Setting
Unit
HV Wind Conn/Y
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
0
MV Wind Conn/Y
LV Wind Conn/Y
MVA
1.000
3000.
120.0
SN
kV
1.000
1000.
220.0
HV VT Ratio
MVA
1.000
9999.
2200.0
50.00
9999.
1200.0
HV CT Pri
HV side
A
1.000
5.000
1.0
HV CT Sec
HV Voltage Chan
Sel
CT Secondary(SEC) current
in HV side
Sel
MV Voltage Chan
CT Primary(PRI) current in
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
50.00
9999.
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
1200.0
HV NCT Pri(REF)
1.000
5.000
1.0
HV NCT Sec(REF)
50.00
9999.
1200.0
HV NCT Pri(BU)
1.000
5.000
1.0
HV NCT Sec(BU)
kV
1.000
1000.
110.0
MV UN
1.000
9999.
1100.0
MV VT Ratio
50.00
9999.
1200.0
MV CT Pri
CT Primary(PRI) current in
MV side
1.000
5.000
1.0
MV CT Sec
CT Secondary(SEC) current
in MV side
50.00
9999.
1200.0
MV NCT Pri(REF)
1.000
5.000
1.0
MV NCT Sec(REF)
50.00
9999.
1200.0
MV NCT Pri(BU)
1.000
5.000
1.0
MV NCT Sec(BU)
kV
1.000
1000.
10.50
LV UN
voltage (LV)side
1.000
LV VT Ratio
14
9999.
105.0
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
50.00
9999.
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
3000.0
LV CT Pri
CT Primary(PRI) current in
LV side
1.000
5.000
1.0
LV CT Sec
LV Sec Inside
Description
CT Secondary(SEC) current
in LV side
1.000
5.000
Delta
1.0
9999
9999
9999
9999
9999
9999
9999
9999
15
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
9999
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
MV ratio factor with zero-sequence current directly
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
Autotransformer not comm
on transformer
Auto Trans
1-autotransformer ;
0- not autotransformer
Two-Wind Trans
Two-winding(TWO WIND )
not three -winding
0
trans-
former (TRANS)
1-two-winding trans;
0-three-winding trans
CT Fail Detect
Report
Table 5 Event report list
Information
Relay startup
16
Description
The relay is initiated by startup elements
17
Introduction
The numerical current differential protection represents the main protection function of the IED. It provides a fast short-circuit protection for
power transformers. The protected zone is selectively limited by the CTs
at its ends. The device is able to perform this function on 2 or 3 winding
transformers in a variety of voltage levels and protected object types.
Applications
The IED provides numerical differential protection function which can be
used to protect power transformers in various configurations. For example, it is possible to use it for a two-winding transformer, three-winding
transformer as well as auto-transformer. Examples for some of applications are illustrated in the below figure.
HV
I A.1
LV
Ia.2
A
I B.1
Ib .2
I C .1
Ic .2
a
b
CSC-326
Ia.2
A
IB.1
IC .1
Ic .2
CSC-326
18
Ib .2
LV
HV
I A.1
Ia.2
A
IB.1
Ib .2
IC .1
Ic .2
B
C
CSC-326
Ib .2
b
I A.1
Ic .2
HV
I B.1
B
I C .1
LV
Ia.3
Ib .3
b
Ic .3
CSC-326
Protection algorithm
This section describes basic principle of differential protection function.
19
Protected Zone
I2-prim.
I1-prim.
CT-1
CT-2
Protected
Transformer
I2
I1
CSC-326
3.1
20
Ii
I diff
i 1
N 1
1
I i (i j )
j
(max)
res
i 1
Equation 1
I j (max)
N 1
I i (i j )
i 1
is
the sum of the other current inputs of the IED, not including side j. Idiff is
derived from the fundamental frequency current and produces the tripping effect quantity, whereas Ires counteracts this effect. To clarify the
situation, three important operating conditions with ideal and matched
measurement qualities are examined.
(a) External fault under undisturbed conditions:
I1 flows into the protected zone, I2 leaves the protected zone, i.e. is
negative according to the definition of signs, therefore I2 = I1.
Idiff = I1 + I2 = I1 I1 = 0
Ires = 0.5| I1 - (I1) | = 0.5|2I1| = |I1|
No tripping effect (Idiff = 0); the restraint (Ires) corresponds to the external fault current flowing through the protected object.
(b) Internal fault, fed with equal currents from both sides:
The following applies I2 = I1
Idiff = I1 + I2 = I1 + I1 = 2 I1
Ires = 0.5| I1 - I1| = 0
21
3.2
22
I 1N
SN
3U 1N
Equation 2
Where SN is rated apparent power of the transformer and U1N is rated
voltage of the corresponding side.
The rated secondary current of each side, I2N, is then calculated.
I 2N
I1N
nCT
Equation 3
Rated secondary current of the high voltage side is then taken as the
reference current. The currents of the other sides are automatically
matched to the rated current of the high voltage side by calculation of
correction factor KCT for MV and LV side, according to below equations,
respectively:
K CT MV
I 2 N HV
I
/n
S / 3U 1N HV nCT MV U 1N MV nCT MV
1N HV CT HV N
Equation 4
K CT LV
I 2 N LV
I1N LV / nCT LV
S N / 3U 1N LV nCT HV U 1N HV nCT HV
Equation 5
Where KCT-MV is the correction factor for middle voltage side and
KCT-LV is the correction factor for Low voltage side,
23
SN=160MVA
U1N-HV=230kV
CTRATIO=500/1A
U1N-LV=63kV
CTRATIO=2000/1A
24
I1N HV
160MVA
402 A
3 230
I 2 N HV
I 1N HV 402
0.804 A
nCT
500
160 MVA
I 2 N LV
1466
0.733 A
2000
3 63
K CT LV
1466 A
0.804
1.097
0.733
160MVA
160MVA
U1N-HV=230kV
U1N-MV=63kV
CTRATIO=2000/1A
CTRATIO=500/1A
U1N-LV=20kV
25MVA
CTRATIO=2500/1A
160 MVA
3 20
4619 A
I 2 N HV
I 1N LV 4619
1.848 A
nCT
2500
K CT LV
0.804
0.435
1.848
25
3.3
26
C
A
a
Yy0
I A
1 -1
1
0 1
I B
3
I
-1 0
C
0 I A
-1 I B
1 I C
Equation 6
I a
1 -1
1
0 1
I b
3
I
-1 0
c
0 Ia
-1 I b
1 I c
Equation 7
with 1 3 , matches the absolute value. The matrices describe the conversion for all three phases. Using these matrices, the elimination of zero
sequence currents are warranted regardless of starpoint earth connection.
As mentioned previously, the two above equations can be used similarly
for auto-transformers, as the auto-connected windings in auto-transformers can only be connected Y(N)y(n)0. If the starpoint is
earthed, both the auto-connected HV and LV windings are affected. The
zero sequence components in current flowing through both sides of the
transformer are then coupled because of the common starpoint. These
zero sequence components are eliminated by the application of the matrices presented in the above equations.
(2). Take example for Yd1 connection, including similar ones of Yd1 and
YNd1 without earthing transformer installed at delta side. Below figure
shows an example in case of Yd1 connection group with no earthed
starpoint.
C
A
a
Yd1
I A
1 0
1
-1 1
I B
3
I
0 -1
C
28
-1 I A
0 I B
1 I C
I A
1 0
1
-1 1
I B
3
I
0 -1
C
-1 I A
0 I B
1 I C
Equation 9
I
I
a
2 1 1 a
1
. I
1
2
1
b
b
3
1 1 2
I c
I c
Equation 10
(3). Take example for Ydd3 connection, including similar ones of Ydd3
and YNdd3 without earthing transformer installed at delta sides. Below
figure shows an example in case of Ydd3 connection group with no
earthed starpoint in Wye side.
29
A
c(c)
a(a)
Ydd3
C
c'
a'
b(b)
b'
I A
0 1
1
-1 0
I B
3
I
1 -1
C
-1 I A
1 I B
0 I C
Equation 11
(4). Take example for Yd5 connection, including similar ones of Yd5 and
YNd5 with earthing transformer installed at delta side. Below figure
shows an example in case of Yd5 connection group with no earthed
starpoint.
C
A
c
Yd5
30
I A
-1 1
1
0 -1
I B
3
I
1 0
C
0 I A
1 I B
-1 I C
Equation 12
I
I
a
2 1 1 a
1
. I
1
2
1
b
b
3 1 1 2
I c
I c
Equation 13
(5). Take example for Dy1 connection, including similar ones of Dy1 and
Dyn1 without earthing transformer installed at delta side. Below figure
shows an example in case of Dy1 connection group with no earthed
starpoint.
A
a
Dy1
c
b
31
0 I a
-1 I b
1 I c
Equation 14
I
I
A
2 1 1 A
1
I B . 1 2 1. I B
3 1 1 2
I C
I C
Equation 15
I a
1 -1
1
0
1
I b
3
I
-1 0
c
0 I a
-1 I b
1 I c
Equation 16
Subsequent to application of the magnitude, vector group and zero sequence compensation, the IED use the following calculated quantities
(per phase) to discriminate between internal and external faults: fundamental component of differential and restraint currents together with instantaneous value, 2nd and 5th harmonic contents of differential current.
The following sections go on to demonstrate the fault recognition criteria
using these derived quantities.
Protection principle
4.1
32
Ia>I_Inst Diff
AND
AND
AND
Func_Inst Diff On
Ib>I_Inst Diff
Ib>I_Inst Diff
33
4.2
IDiff
Fast trip area
Differential current
I_Inst Diff
Slope 3
Trip area
Slope 2
Slope 1
block area
IRest
I_Percent Diff
I_ResPoint1 Diff
I_ResPoint2 Diff
Restraint current
I res I R1
S2 ( I res I R1 ) S1 I R1 I D
I R1 I res I R 2
S3 ( I res I R 2 ) S2 ( I R 2 I R1 ) S1 I R1 I D I R 2 I res
Equation 17
Where S1 is the slope of the branch 1 (setting Slope1_Diff),
35
Func_Percent Diff on
Phase-A
I diff A , I rest A
ID>
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
I diff B , I rest B
ID>
I diff C , I rest C
ID>
CT FAIL
4.3
4.3.1
K 2
Equation 18
Where Idiff-2 is 2nd harmonics magnitude of differential current, K2 is
the setting for 2nd harmonics ratio, Idiff- is fundamental frequency
component of differential current.
4.3.2
X (k )
I ( k ) I ( k n)
I ( k ) I ( k n)
, k 1,2,..., n
Equation 19
The smaller values of X(k) represent that the calculated point corre38
A[ X (k )] / n
k 1
Equation 20
The derived value of N is used in the IED to assess the differential current corresponds to inrush condition or not. To do so, the value of N is
compared with a threshold K, and inrush content is recognized in the
current waveform, if N>K.
Func_Percent Diff on
I diff A 2
I diff A
I diff B 2
I diff B
I diff C 2
I diff C
K 2
K 2
K 2
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
O
R
O
R
O
R
39
Func_Percent Diff on
Fuzzy Inrush
Recognition in
Ph-A
Fuzzy Inrush
Recognition in
Ph-B
Fuzzy Inrush
Recognition in
Ph-C
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
4.4
Overexcitation stabilization
Apart from the second harmonic, other harmonic contents can be selected in the IED to cause stabilization of percent differential protection.
This is because the fact that unwanted differential currents caused by
transformer overexcitation may result in false tripping of the percent differential protection. Since steady state overexcitation is characterized by
odd harmonics, the 3rd or the 5th harmonic can be selected in the IED to
judge for overexcitation stabilization. If it is desired to impose a blocking
condition to percent differential protection by these harmonics, Binary
setting Block Diff at Overexcit should be set to 1-on. By applying this
setting, alarm report entitled Diff 3/5har Blk is issued whenever 3rd or
5th harmonic detection impose a blocking condition to differential protection. It should be noted that the latter, is generated when any condition
(2nd harmonic, 3rd/5th harmonic, CT fail) leads to blocking of differential
protection.
It is possible to use Binary setting Overexcitation 3rd NOT 5th to select
whether 3rd or 5th harmonic detection is utilized for detection of
overexcitation condition (1-3rd harmonic, 0-5th harmonic). Since the third
harmonic is often eliminated in delta winding of power transformers, the
fifth harmonic is more commonly used.
Similar to the 2nd harmonic stabilization, the applied restraint by 3rd or
40
K 3 / 5
Equation 21
Where Idiff-3/5 is 3rd/5th harmonic magnitude of differential current,
K3/5 is the setting for 3rd/5th harmonic ratio, Idiff- is fundamental
frequency component of differential current. Below figure show logic diagram of overexcitation stabilization.
Block Diff at Overexcit on
I diff A 3
I diff A
I diff A 5
I diff A
I diff B 3
I diff B
I diff B 5
I diff B
I diff C 3
I diff C
I diff C 5
I diff C
K 3 / 5
Overexcit 3rd NOT 5th on
K 3 / 5
K 3 / 5
th
A
off N
D
K 3 / 5
K 3 / 5
K 3 / 5
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
T_3/5th Harm Block
A
N
D
A
N
D
O
R
O
R
O
R
41
CT Failure supervision
During steady-state operation, the CT failure supervision monitors the
transient behavior of the currents flowing through secondary circuit of
each phase and thus registers failures in the secondary circuit of the
current transformers for each side of the power transformer. The function
can be enabled or disabled by using setting CT Fail Detect (1-On, 0-Off).
If setting 1-On is applied, IED issues the alarm report Ph_A CT Fail,
Ph_B CT Fail, Ph_C CT Fail, whenever a CT failure is detected. It is
also possible to set differential protection to be blocked or not at CT failure detection through setting "Block Diff at CT_Fail" (1-Block, 0-Not
Block). By setting 1-Block, the percent differential protection is blocked
immediately in all phases. Blocking condition is cancelled as soon as the
device is again supplied with a normal current in the relevant faulty
phase(s). It should be noted that the setting "Block Diff at CT_Fail" is not
useful if the differential current is very high (more than 1.2 Ie, Ie is the
rated current of high voltage side). In other words, blocking conditions
takes place only for treble slope percent differential protection. This
means that the instantaneous differential protection will issue trip if a differential current greater than setting I_Inst Diff is present, even if " Block
Diff at CT_Fail " is set to 1-Block.
The criteria for CT failure detection are as follow:
The currents flowing through all three phases of CT secondary are normal at each side of the protected object. As a result, the differential current is near to zero. When one or two phase current of one side is decreased to less than a threshold (half of the memory current), at the
same time all three phase currents in other side(s) are normal, and differential current is more than a threshold (>0.3I_Percent Diff) at least in
one phase, the condition maybe an indication of CT failure in the mutative phase(s). CT failure detection logic is illustrated in below figure.
42
CT Fail Detect on
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
CT Fail
O
R
A
N
D
4.6
CT Saturation supervision
When Internal and external faults occurs, it is possible that transient and
steady fault currents induce the CT saturation. CT saturation may lead to
mal-operation of differential protection when an external fault occurs. In
order to avoid mal-operation of protection in such situations, CT saturation supervision element is integrated in IED.
When transient saturation of CT occurs, the 2nd harmonic content in the
corresponding phase current is dominant. Also whenever steady saturation of CT occurs, the 3rd harmonic content in the corresponding phase
current is dominant. Both 2nd and 3rd harmonic contents of all phase
currents of each side of the protected transformer are calculated to judge
whether CT saturation occurs or not. Comprehensive harmonic ratio is
calculated by below equation.
I 2
I
I 3
I
K har
43
4.7
44
if I n 1A
if I n 5 A
Equation 23
Func_Diff Alarm on
Idiff_A>ID.alarm
Idiff_B>ID.alarm
O
R
A
N
D
5s
DIFF Alarm
Idiff_C>ID.alarm
45
Diff Alarm
IB1
Diff Trip
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
IA3
IB3
IC3
Relay Startup
IA4
IB4
IC4
IA5
IB5
IC5
46
Signal
Description
IA1
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
IA3
IB3
IC3
IA4
IB4
IC4
IA5
IB5
IC5
Signal
Description
Diff Alarm
Differential alarm
Diff Trip
Differential trip
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Settings
Table 8 Instruction for Vector Group Angle setting
Binary setting
values
47
values
0
odd
odd
even
even
odd
odd
Y-Y-D-1
Y-D-D-1
Y-Y-Y-
D-D-D-
D-D-Y-
D-Y-Y-
/3/5/7/9/
/3/5/7/9/
2/4/6/8
2/4/6/8/
1/3/5/7
1/3/5/7
11
11
/10/12
10/12
/9/11
/9/11
Remarks
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
Instantaneous Differential
I_Inst Diff
0.5Ir
20Ir
20
I_Percent Diff
0.08Ir
4Ir
2.1
I_ResPoint1 Diff
0.1Ir
Ir
I_ResPoint2 Diff
0.1Ir
10Ir
Slope1_Diff
0.2
0.2
Slope2_Diff
0.2
0.7
0.5
Slope3_Diff
0.25
0.95
0.7
Ratio_2nd Harm
0.05
0.80
0.15
Ratio_3/5th Harm
0.05
0.80
0.35
3 / 5 harmonic(HAR) ratio
rd
th
nd
har-
20
20
T_3/5th Harm
48
20
20
th
Unit
Setting
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
Block
Setting
Func_Inst Diff
Unit
Default
Min.
Max.
setting
Func_Percent Diff
Description
Instantaneous differential
protection ON 1-on; 0-off.
Percentage differential protection ON 1-on; 0-off.
Inrush block differential pro-
tection
1-block; 0-not block.
Wave
form(WAVE)
1-2nd harmonic on; 0waveform on
Block Diff at
Overexcit
ential protection
1-block; 0-not block.
Overexcitation stabilization
judgement
inhibit on
rd
th
Alarming on
1-on; 0-off.
Block Diff at
CT_Fail
49
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
Eliminate calculated 3I0
HV D_side Elimi-
nate I0
MV D_side Elimi-
nate I0
LV D_side Elimi-
nate I0
Diff Includes LV
Cur
protection.
1- Diff Includes LV Cur;
0-Diff NOT Includes LV Cur
Report
Table 11 Event report list
Information
Description
Treble slope percent Differential protection (ID>) trip for phase A/B/C
Information
Description
Ph_A Ct Fail
Phase A CT failure
Ph_B Ct Fail
Phase B CT failure
50
Information
Description
Ph_C Ct Fail
Phase C CT failure
nd
rd
harmonic.
th
Information
Description
Func_Diff On
Func_Diff Off
Technical data
Table 14 Differential protection technical data
Item
Range or value
Tolerance
0.5 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
0.08 Ir to 4.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir,
Restraint current 1
0.1 Ir to 1 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Restraint current 2
0.1 Ir to 10 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Slope 1
0.0 to 0.2
Slope 2
0.2 to 0.7
Slope 3
0.25 to 0.95
0.05 to 0.80
approx. 0.7
30ms at 200% setting, and
IDifferential>2IRestraint
20ms typically at 200% setting
approx. 40ms
51
52
53
Introduction
The restricted earth fault protection detects earth faults in power transformers with earthed starpoint or in non-earthed power transformers with
a starpoint former (earthing transformer/reactor) installed inside the protected zone. A precondition for using this function is that a CT should be
installed in the starpoint connection, i.e. between the starpoint and earth.
The starpoint CT and the phase CTs define the limits of the protected
zone by restricted earth fault protection.
Applications
The IED provides two restricted differential protection functions which
can be used independently at various locations. For example, it is possible to use them for both windings of YNyn transformer which is earthed at
both starpoints. Further, one of them can be implemented to protect an
earthed transformer winding and the other for an earthing transformer/reactor. In case of auto-transformers, one of them is sufficient to protect the auto-windings. Examples for some of applications are illustrated
in the below figure.
I A.2
LV
HV
A
IB.2
B
IC .2
C
3I02 IA.2 IB.2 IC .2
CSC-326
3I01
54
LV
Ia .2
Ib .2
Ic.2
a
b
c
3I01
Ia .2 Ib .2 Ic.2
3I02
CSC-326
I A.2
LV
HV
Ia .2
A
IB.2
Ib .2
B
IC .2
Ic.2
C
3I01
3I01
CSC-326
Ia .2 Ib .2 Ic.2
3I02
55
Ia.3
A
IB.2
Ib .3
IC .2
Ic .3
3I01
CSC-326
3I03 Ia.3 Ib.3 Ic.3
Protection principle
During healthy operation condition, no starpoint current 3I01 flows
through the starpoint CT. Furthermore, the sum of the phase currents 3I02
=IA.2 + IB.2 + IC.2 is almost zero. In case of auto-transformer, both the residual currents 3I02 =IA.2 + IB.2 + IC.2 and 3I03 =IA.3 + IB.3 + IC.3 are zero. With
an earth fault inside the protected zone, a starpoint current 3I01 flows.
Moreover, depending on the earthing conditions of the power system
outside the protected zone, a further earth current may be recognized in
the residual current path of the phase CTs (3I02 and 3I03). Since all the
currents flowing into the protected zone are defined positive, the residual
current from the system (3I02 and 3I03) is more or less in phase with the
starpoint current (3I01). With an earth fault outside the protected zone, a
starpoint current 3I01 flows into the protected zone, together with equal
residual current 3I02 and 3I03 which flows toward outside of the protected
zone, through the phase CTs. Keeping in mind positive direction current
flow, which is toward the protected zone, the starpoint current is in phase
opposition with 3I02 and 3I03.
With the described situations, it may seem to be simple to discriminate an
internal fault from an external one. However, there are some difficulties to
do so. For instance, when a strong fault without earth connection occurs
outside the protected zone, a residual current may appear in the residual
current path of the phase CTs. The residual current is caused by different
degrees of saturation in phase CTs and could simulate a fault in the
protected zone. Thus, additional measures should be taken to prevent
this current to cause false tripping. To achieve this objective, the restricted earth fault protection provides a restraint quantity.
56
I
max 3I01 , 3I02 , 3I03
rest 0
Equation 24
Idiff0 and Irest0 are compared by the restricted earth fault protection with
a dual-slope operating characteristic defined by below equation and
shown in below figure.
I diff 0 I 0 D
I diff 0 S 0 D I res0
if I res0 I 0 D / S 0 D
if I res0 I 0 D / S 0 D
Equation 25
Where I0D is the setting for sensitivity threshold of restricted earth fault
protection (setting HV 3I0_REF, MV 3I0_REF or LV 3I0_REF), and
S0D is slope of the branch (setting HV Slope_REF, MV Slope_REF or
LV Slope_REF).
This characteristic can be enabled or disabled by using Binary setting
HV Func_REF Trip, MV Func_REF Trip or LV Func_REF Trip). If
setting 1-on is selected, a trip signal is issued by restricted earth fault
protection when the operating point lies into tripping area (see below figure) and the preset time delay is expired (setting HV T_REF Trip, MV
T_REF Trip or LV T_REF Trip).
The trip logic for restricted earth fault protection is shown in below figure.
57
Trip area
Slope _ REF
3 I 0 _ REF
block area
I Res0
Func_REF Trip on
A
N
D
Func_REF Alarm on
A
N
D
T_REF Trip
T_REF Alarm
REF Trip
REF Alarm
58
3.2
K Starpoint HV
nStarpoint HV
nPhase HV
Equation 26
K StarpointMV
nStarpointMV
nPhaseMV
Equation 27
K Starpoint LV
nStarpoint LV
nPhase LV
Equation 28
Where
K StarpointHV
CT;
K StarpointMV
and
K StarpointLV
K MV
nPhase MV
nPhase HV
Equation 29
K Starpoint
60
nStarpoint
nPhase HV
K Starpoint
CT.
The reference current is selected as is shown in below figure.
Table 15 Reference side selection for REF functions
Type
HV REF
MV REF
LV REF
2 winding
HV CT
---
LV CT
3 winding
HV CT
MV CT
---
Auto-transformer
HV CT
---
---
3.3
function
LV
HV
A
IB.2
B
IC .2
C
3I02 IA.2 IB.2 IC .2
CSC-326
3I01
When an external fault causes a heavy current to flow through the protected transformer, differences in the magnetic characteristics of the
current transformer CT2 under saturation condition may cause a significant difference in the secondary currents I02 connected to IED. If the
difference is greater than the pickup threshold, the CBF protection function can trip even though no fault occurred in the protected zone. To
prevent the protection function from such erroneous operation, a restraint
(stabilizing) ratio, zero-sequence current divides positive-sequence current, is brought in.
61
3.4
62
REF Alarm
IB1
REF Trip
IC1
Relay Startup
IA2
IB2
IC2
IREF
Signal
Description
IA1
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
IREF
Signal
Description
REF Alarm
REF Trip
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
63
Settings
Setting
HV 3I0_REF
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
HV 3I0_REF
Alarm
HV T_REF
Alarm
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
2Ir
0.2
0.95
0.5
60
0.03
0.08Ir
2Ir
60
0.03
Slope_REF
Trip
setting
0.08Ir
HV
HV T_REF
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
Description
setting
HV Restricted earth fault trip-stage
HV Func_REF
Trip
ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV Restricted earth fault
HV Func_REF
Alarm
Alarm-stage ON
1-on; 0-off.
Block HV REF
at HV CT_Fail
1-Block;0-unblock
Setting
MV 3I0_REF
64
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.08Ir
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
2Ir
Unit
Setting
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
MV
Trip
MV 3I0_REF
Alarm
MV T_REF
Alarm
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
0.2
0.95
0.5
60
0.03
0.08Ir
2Ir
60
0.03
Slope_REF
MV T_REF
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
Description
setting
MV Func_REF
Trip
ON 1-on; 0-off.
MV Restricted earth fault
MV Func_REF
Alarm
Alarm-stage ON
1-on; 0-off.
Block MV REF
at MV CT_Fail
1-Block;0-unblock
Setting
LV 3I0_REF
Unit
LV 3I0_REF
Alarm
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
0.08Ir
2Ir
0.2
0.95
0.5
60
0.03
0.08Ir
2Ir
LV Slope_REF
LV T_REF Trip
Min.
65
Unit
Setting
LV T_REF
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Alarm
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1
A)
60
0.03
time setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
Description
setting
LV Func_REF
Trip
LV Func_REF
Alarm
Alarm-stage ON
1-on; 0-off.
Block LV REF at
LV CT_Fail
Report
Table 24 Event report list
Information
Description
HV REF Trip
MV REF Trip
LV REF Trip
Information
Description
66
Information
Description
HV Func_REF On
HV Func_REF Off
MV Func_REF On
MV Func_REF Off
LV Func_REF On
LV Func_REF Off
Technical data
Table 27 Restricted earth fault protection technical data
Item
Rang or Value
Differential current
0.08 Ir to 2.00 Ir
Slope
0.2 to 0.95
0.00 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
Tolerance
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
operating setting
Reset ratio
Operating time
Reset time
approx. 40ms
67
68
69
Introduction
The overexcitation protection is used to detect impermissible overexcitation
conditions which can endanger power transformers. An increase in transformer flux beyond the rated values leads to saturation of the iron core and to
large eddy current losses which cause impermissible temperature rise in
transformer core.
Protection principle
2.1
Protection principle
The overexcitation condition may occur in power plant transformers when a
load center is disconnected from the system, and the voltage regulator does
not operate sufficiently fast to control the associated voltage rise. Similarly,
the overexcitation condition may occur as result of a decrease in frequency,
e.g. in island system. To protect the power transformer in such conditions, the
overexcitation protection function should pick up when the permissible limit of
flux is exceeded in the transformer core. To do so, the overexcitation protection function measures the voltage/frequency (U/f) ratio which is proportional
to the flux density B in transformer core, and puts it in relation to the nominal
flux density BN. The decision is then made based on the calculated ratio as is
shown in below equation.
U f
B
BN U N f
Equation 31
Where N is the ratio of volt/hertz calculated by the device.
U and f are the measured voltage and frequency, and UN and fN are the rated
voltage and frequency (50Hz or 60Hz) of the device. While the rated frequency is fixed to 50Hz or 60Hz in software, device is informed about rated
voltage by setting Reference Voltage which corresponds to nominal
phase-neutral voltage of the protected transformer when is transferred to
70
V<0.7Un
f<0.5fn or
f>1.3fn
O
R
150ms
U or F EXCEED
HV Func_Overexcit on
A
N
D
O
R
V/F Voltage(0-VPP,1-VPN) on
O
R
A
N
D
HV T_REF Alarm
O
R
U or F EXCEED
HV Func_Overexcit on
A
N
D
O
R
N U AC _ Hv , f DEF Trip V / F
A
N
D
V/F Voltage(0-VPP,1-VPN) on
O
R
A
N
D
N U A_ Hv , f DEF Trip V / F
N U B _ Hv , f DEF Trip V / F
T_Definite Trip
O
R
N UC _ Hv , f DEF Trip V / F
U or F EXCEED
Figure 34 Tripping logic of the definite trip stage for overexcitation protection
If thermal characteristic is set to 1-on in one of transformer sides, it uses the
measured voltage and frequency of the corresponding side (depending on the
setting applied at Binary setting V/F Voltage (0-VPP,1-VPN)), together with
ten points derived from the manufacturer data. The points correspond to the
desired tripping times for a given volt/hertz ratios. Intermediate values are
determined by performing linear interpolation by the device. The ratios range
from N=1.05 to N=1.50. They are entered into the device by settings
73
u/f
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
T10 T9 T8 T7 T6 T5 T4
T3
T2
T1
t(s)
74
HV Func_Overexcit on
A
N
D
u/f
N (U AB HV , f )
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
T10T9 T8 T7 T6 T5 T4 T3 T2
T1 t(s)
u/f
N (U BC HV , f )
O
R
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
T10T9 T8 T7 T6 T5 T4 T3 T2
T1 t(s)
T10T9 T8 T7 T6 T5 T4 T3 T2
T1 t(s)
u/f
N (U AC HV , f )
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
A
N
D
V/F Voltage(0-VPP,1-VPN) on
O
R
u/f
N (U A HV , f )
5
1.
0
4
1.
45
1.
0
3
1.
3
5
1.
0
2
1.2
1.5
0
1
1.
1
5
1.
0
1.
5
T10T9 T8 T7 T6 T5 T4 T3 T2
A
N
D
T1 t(s)
u/f
N (U B HV , f )
5
1.
0
4
1.
45
1.
0
3
1.
3
5
1.
0
2
1.2
1.5
0
1
1.
1
5
1.
0
1.
5
O
R
T10T9 T8 T7 T6 T5 T4 T3 T2
T1 t(s)
T10T9 T8 T7 T6 T5 T4 T3 T2
T1 t(s)
u/f
N (U C HV , f )
5
1.
0
4
1.
45
1.
0
3
1.
3
5
1.
0
2
1.2
1.5
0
1
1.
1
5
1.
0
1.
5
U or F EXCEED
Figure 36 Tripping logic of the thermal trip stage for overexcitation protection
NOTE: If it is possible for a given transformers to operate continuously under
75
2.2
UB
UC
Signal
Description
UA
UB
UC
Signal
Description
Overexcitation protection(V/F) alarm with
definite (DEF) time characteristic
Overexcitation protection(V/F) tripping (Trip)
with definite (DEF) time characteristic
Overexcitation protection(V/F) tripping (Trip)
with inverse(IVR) time characteristic
Relay Startup
77
Settings
Table 31 Settings of overexcitation protection
Setting
Reference Voltage
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
40
130
57.3
1.5
1.1
0.1
9999
10
1.5
1.2
0.1
9999
0.1
9999
10
0.1
9999
90
0.1
9999
80
0.1
9999
70
0.1
9999
60
0.1
9999
50
0.1
9999
45
0.1
9999
40
0.1
9999
35
0.1
9999
30
0.1
9999
25
Unit
V/F_Definite
Alarm
T_Definite Alarm
V/F_Definite
Trip
T_Definite Trip
T1_Inverse
V/F=1.05
T2_Inverse
V/F=1.10
T3_Inverse
V/F=1.15
T4_Inverse
V/F=1.20
T5_Inverse
V/F=1.25
T6_Inverse
V/F=1.30
T7_Inverse
V/F=1.35
T8_Inverse
V/F=1.40
T9_Inverse
V/F=1.45
T10_Inverse
V/F=1.50
T_Cool Down
78
Default
Min.
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
Nominal phase voltage in HV
side
Alarming setting of volt/hertz
Timer setting for volt/hertz
alarming stage
Tripping setting of definite
volt/hertz stage
Timer setting for definite
volt/hertz stage
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.05
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.10
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.15
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.20
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.25
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.30
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.35
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.40
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.45
Timer setting for
volt/hertz=1.50
Cool down time delay for
overexcitation protection
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
set-
Description
ting
HV Func_Overexcit
MV Func_Overexcit
LV Func_Overexcit
Func_Overexcit
Alarm Def
HV Overexcitation (V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
MV Overexcitation (V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
LV Overexcitation (V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
Definite Overexcitation (V/F)
Alarming on
1-on; 0-off.
Func_Overexcit Trip
Def
Definite (DEF)Overexcitation
0
(V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
Func_Overexcit Trip
Inv
Inverse (IVR)Overexcitation
0
(V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
Overexcitation protection uses
V/F Voltage(0-VPP,1-VPN)
Report
Table 33 Event report list
Information
Description
Information
Description
Overexcitation alarm
79
Information
Description
Voltage or frequency is out of the permissible range
V or F Exceed
Information
Description
Func_Overexc On
Func_Overexc Off
Technical data
Table 36 Overexcitation protection technical data
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Reference voltage UN
40 to 130V,
3 % setting or 1 V
1.00 to 1.50
Time delay
Pair of Values for characteristic
of V/f
Reset time,
0.1s to 9999s
1.05 /1.10 /1.15 /1.20 /1.25 /1.30
/1.35 /1.40 /1.45 /1.50
Approx. 70ms
5% setting or 70ms
Reset ratio
0.96
5% setting or 70ms
80
Time delay T
0.1s to 9999s
Reset time,
Approx. 70ms
Reset ratio
0.96
81
82
83
Introduction
The non-directional overcurrent elements can be applied as backup protection functions for transformer as well as power system protection in networks
with radial nature and those which are supplied from a single source. The
directional overcurrent protection can also be applied in systems where protection coordination depends on both the magnitude of the fault current and
the direction of power flow to the fault location, for instance in case of parallel transformers supplied from a single source.
Protection principle
2.1
Protection Elements
Each voltage side of the protected transformer is provided with three overcurrent protection elements from which two elements operate as definite
overcurrent stages and the other one operates with inverse time-current
characteristic. All the elements can operate in conjunction with the integrated
inrush restraint and directional functions.
Various stages of the elements are independent from each other and can be
combined as desired. They can be enabled or disabled in each side using
dedicated Binary settings. These Binary settings include HV Func_OC1,
HV Func_OC2 and HV Func_OC Inv, for HV side overcurrent protection,
MV Func_OC1, MV Func_OC2 and MV Func_OC Inv, for MV side
overcurrent protection, LV Func_OC1, LV Func_OC2 and LV Func_OC
Inv, for LV side overcurrent protection. For example by applying setting
1-on to HV Func_OC1, respective stage of overcurrent protection would
be enabled in HV side.
Individual pickup value for each definite stage can be defined by setting HV
I_OC1 and HV I_OC2 for HV side, MV I_OC1 and MV I_OC2 for MV
side, LV I_OC1 and LV I_OC2 for LV side. By applying these settings, each
phase current is compared separately with the setting value for each stage. If
the respective value is exceeded, a trip time delay timer is started. The condition for start of the delay timer is expressed mathematically by below equation, in which a, b and c represent three phases.
I I set ( a, b, c )
Equation 32
The timer is set to count up to a user-defined time delay. The time delay can
be set for each definite stage individually through settings HV T_OC1 and
84
A _ OC Inv
t K _ OC Inv
B _ OC Inv
P _ OC Inv
I
-1
I S
2.2
86
2.3
Current
Voltage
Ia
U bc
Ib
U ca
Ic
U ab
As can be seen, the healthy voltages are used in direction determination. This
allows for a correct direction determination even if the fault voltage has collapsed entirely because of a single-phase short-line fault. With three-phase
short-line faults, memory voltage values are used to clearly determine the
direction if the measurement voltages are not sufficient. The directional element of each side uses the voltage on itself side.
In a single-phase fault, the cross-polarized voltage (reference voltage) is 90
out of phase with the fault voltage. With phase-to-phase faults, the position of
the reference voltage changes up to 30, depending on the degree of collapse
in the fault voltages. In order to satisfy different network conditions and applications, the reference voltage can be rotated by an adjustable angle. For
each side of the protected transformer, the directional angle can be set independently. The settings include HV Angle_OC, HV Angle_OC and LV
Angle_OC, for HV, MV and LV sides, respectively.
Forward
90
IA
Bisector
Angle_Range
OC
Angle_OC
0
U BC_Ref
-IA
DIR Positive
VT failure
A
N
D
Direct OK at VT FAIL
O
R
Direction Unit OK
A
N
D
HV Func_OC1 (2) on
A
N
D
HV T_OC1(2)
OC 1 2Trip
Direction Unit OK
Inrush BLK OC
Direction Unit
OK
HV Func_OC Inv on
Inverse Curve>
Direction Unit
OK
A
N
D
OC Inv Trip
Inrush BLK OC
89
2.4
90
OC1 Trip
IB1
OC2 Trip
IC1
OC Inv Trip
IA2
Relay Startup
IB2
IC2
UA
UB
UC
Signal
Description
IA1
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
UA
UB
UC
91
Signal
Description
OC1 Trip
OC2 Trip
OC Inv Trip
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Setting
Table 40 Settings of overcurrent protection for HV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
HV overcurrent (O/C) current
HV I_OC1
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV T_OC1
60
60
HV I_OC2
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV T_OC2
60
60
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05
999
HV
Curve_OC
Inv
HV I_OC Inv
HV K_OC Inv
HV A_OC Inv
200
0.14
HV B_OC Inv
60
10
0.02
90
45
HV P_OC Inv
HV Angle_OC
Blk
92
ahead of current.
st
HV
Imax_2H_Un
0.25Ir
20Ir
0.07
tio_I2/I1
0.5
0.2
nd
HV
T2h_Cross_B
60
20
lk
nd
harmonic
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
set-
Description
ting
st
HV Func_OC1
protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV OC1 Direction
Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV OC1 Dir To
Sys
0
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
HV OC1 Inrush
Block
Inrush 2
0
nd
harmonic detection HV
OC Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
nd
HV Func_OC2
protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV OC2 Direction
Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV OC2 Dir To
Sys
0
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
HV OC2 Inrush
Block
Inrush 2
0
nd
harmonic detection HV
OC Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
93
Inv
OC protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV OC Inv Di-
rection
HV OC Inv Dir
To Sys
0
HV OC Inv In-
Inrush 2
rush Block
0
nd
harmonic detection HV
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Block HV OC at
HV VT_Fail
0- HV Direct OK at HV VT Fail
1- Blk HV OC at HV VT Fail
HV OC Initiate
LV CBF
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
HV OC Initiate
MV CBF
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Setting
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV T_OC1
60
60
MV I_OC2
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV T_OC2
60
60
12
Curve_OC
Description
A)
MV I_OC1
MV
94
Unit
Min.
MV I_OC Inv
MV K_OC Inv
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05
999
MV A_OC Inv
200
0.14
MV B_OC Inv
60
10
0.02
90
45
MV P_OC Inv
MV Angle_OC
0.25Ir
20Ir
Blk
MV Ra-
0.07
tio_I2/I1
0.2
0.5
nd
MV
T2h_Cross_B
20
60
lk
nd
harmonic
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
set-
Description
ting
st
MV Func_OC1
protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC1 Direction
Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC1 Dir To
Sys
0
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
MV OC1 Inrush
Block
Inrush 2
0
nd
harmonic detection MV
OC Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
95
MV Func_OC2
protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC2 Direc-
tion
Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC2 Dir To
Sys
0
points to system
MV OC2 Inrush
Inrush 2
Block
nd
harmonic detection MV
OC Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV Func_OC
Inv
OC protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC Inv
Direction
MV OC Inv Dir
To Sys
0
MV OC Inv
Inrush 2
Inrush Block
0
nd
harmonic detection MV
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Block MV OC
at MV VT_Fail
0- MV Direct OK at MV VT Fail
1- Blk MV OC at MV VT Fail
MV OC Initiate
HV1 CBF
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Setting
96
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Description
LV I_OC1
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV T_OC1
60
60
LV I_OC2
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV T_OC2
60
60
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05
999
MV
Curve_OC
Inv
LV I_OC Inv
LV K_OC Inv
LV A_OC Inv
200
0.14
LV B_OC Inv
60
LV P_OC Inv
10
0.02
LV Angle_OC
90
45
0.25Ir
20Ir
Blk
LV Ra-
0.07
tio_I2/I1
0.2
0.5
nd
LV
T2h_Cross_B
20
60
lk
nd
harmonic
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
set-
Description
ting
st
LV Func_OC1
tection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV OC1 Direc-
Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV OC1 Dir To
Sys
0
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
LV OC1 Inrush
Block
Inrush 2
0
nd
harmonic detection LV
OC Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
nd
LV Func_OC2
protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV OC2 Direction
Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV OC2 Dir To
Sys
0
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
LV OC2 Inrush
Block
Inrush 2
0
nd
harmonic detection LV
OC Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV Func_OC
Inv
OC protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV OC Inv Direction
LV OC Inv Dir
To Sys
0
LV OC Inv In-
Inrush 2
rush Block
0
nd
harmonic detection LV
Block LV OC at
LV VT_Fail
98
HV1 CBF
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Report
Table 46 Event report list
Information
Description
HV OC Inv Trip
HV OC1 Trip
HV OC2 Trip
MV OC Inv Trip
MV OC1 Trip
MV OC2 Trip
LV OC Inv Trip
LV OC1 Trip
LV OC2 Trip
Information
Description
HV Func_OC On
HV Func_OC Off
MV Func_OC On
MV Func_OC Off
LV Func_OC On
LV Func_OC Off
Technical data
Table 48 Overcurrent protection technical data
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
99
Reset time
approx. 40ms
Reset ratio
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
with IEC60255-151
Long inverse
ANSI
Inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Short inverse;
Long inverse;
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
user-defined characteristic
T=
with IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time, A
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
Reset time
approx. 40ms,
Directional element
170
Characteristic angle
100
101
Protection principle
1.1
Protection elements
Each voltage side of the protected transformer is provided with three earth
fault protection elements from which two elements operate as definite earth
fault stages and the other one operates with inverse time-current characteristic. All the elements can operate in conjunction with the integrated inrush restraint and directional functions.
Various stages of each element are independent from each other and can be
combined as desired. They can be enabled or disabled in each side using
dedicated Binary settings. These Binary settings include HV Func_EF1, HV
Func_EF2 and HV Func_EF Inv on, for HV side earth fault protection, MV
Func_EF1, MV Func_EF2 and MV Func_EF Inv, for MV side earth fault
protection, LV Func_EF1, LV Func_EF2 and LV Func_EF Inv, for LV side
earth fault protection. For example by applying setting 1-on to HV
Func_EF1, respective stage of earth fault protection would be enabled in HV
side.
Individual pickup value for each definite stage can be defined by setting HV
3I0_EF1 and HV 3I0_EF2 for HV side, MV 3I0_EF1 and MV 3I0_EF2 for
MV side, LV 3I0_EF1 and LV 3I0_EF2 for LV side. By applying these settings, each earth current (quantity 3I0) calculated from the three phase currents is compared separately with the setting value for each stage. If the respective value is exceeded, a trip time delay timer is started. The condition for
start of the delay timer is expressed mathematically:
3I 0 3I 0set
Equation 33
The timer is set to count up to a user-defined time delay. The time delay can
be set for each definite stage individually through settings HV T_EF1 and
HV T_EF2 for HV side, MV T_EF1 and MV T_EF2 for MV side, LV
T_EF1 and LV T_EF2 for LV side. After the user-defined time delay has
been elapsed, a trip signal is issued if the inrush restraint feature is applied
and no inrush current is detected or inrush restraint is disabled. The earth
fault protection would be blocked and therefore, no tripping takes place if the
inrush restraint feature is enabled and an inrush condition exists. However, an
alarm report is issued nominated as HV EF1 Inrush Block, HV EF2 Inrush
Block or HV EF Inv Inrush Block, indicating the blocking condition of earth
fault element caused by inrush condition detection.
Pickup value for the inverse time-current stage can be set by setting HV
3I0_EF Inv, MV 3I0_EF Inv and LV 3I0_EF Inv for HV, MV and LV sides,
respectively. Each earth current (quantity 3I0) calculated from the three phase
102
A _ EF Inv
t K _ EF Inv
B _ EF Inv
HP _ EF Inv
I
-1
I S
Equation 34
Where I is the calculated earth fault current;
Is is the current setting;
A_EF Inv: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_EF Inv: Time delay for inverse time stage
P_EF Inv: index for inverse time stage
K_EF Inv: Time multiplier
By applying the desired setting values, the device calculates the tripping time
from the zero sequence current. Once the calculated time elapsed, report EF
Inv Trip will be issued.
As mentioned previously, selection among the curves can be carried out by
settings HV Curve_EF Inv, MV Curve_EF Inv and LV Curve_EF Inv for
HV, MV and LV sides, respectively. Furthermore, the time multiplier K_EF Inv
can be applied by user to coordinate the integrated inverse time-current
characteristic of the device with other earth fault relays installed for power
system protection. This can be performed by settings HV K_EF Inv, MV
K_EF Inv and LV K_EF Inv in case of HV, MV and LV earth fault elements.
By applying pickup current and time multiplier settings, the device determines
the tripping time from the calculated earth current, based on the selected inverse curve. Once the calculated time has been elapsed, a trip signal is issued provided that no inrush current is detected or inrush restraint is disabled.
If the inrush restraint feature is enabled and an inrush condition exists the
earth fault protection would be blocked and therefore no tripping takes place.
103
1.2
104
105
3I 0
90
0
3U 0_Ref
Angle_EF
Angle_Range
EF
Forward
-3 I 0
Bisector
DIR Positive
VT failure
Direct OK at VT FAIL
A
N
D
O
R
A
N
D
HV Func_EF1 (2) on
3I0>HV 3I0_EF1(2)
A
N
D
HV T_EF1(2)
E/F Trip
Direction Unit OK
Inrush BLK EF
HV Func_EF1 (2) on
HV Func_EF Inv on
Inverse Curve>
A
N
D
E/F Direction OK
Inrush BLK EF
1.4
107
EF1 Trip
IB1
EF2 Trip
IC1
EF Inv Trip
IA2
Relay Startup
IB2
IC2
UA
UB
UC
Signal
Description
IA1
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
UA
UB
UC
Signal
Description
EF1 Trip
EF2 Trip
EF Inv Trip
108
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Setting
Table 51 Settings of earth fault protection for HV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
HV earth fault (E/F) protection
HV 3I0_EF1
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV T_EF1
60
60
HV 3I0_EF2
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV T_EF2
60
60
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
1.2
0.05
999
200
0.14
60
10
0.02
90
45
HV
Curve_EF
Inv
HV 3I0_EF
Inv
HV K_EF
Inv
HV A_EF
Inv
HV B_EF
Inv
HV P_EF
Inv
HV Angle_EF
ahead of current.
st
HV
Imax_2H_U
0.25Ir
20Ir
nBlk_EF
0.07
0.5
0.2
109
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
set-
Description
ting
st
HV EF1 Direction
Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of HV EF Stage 1
HV EF1 Dir To
Sys
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
Inrush 2
HV EF1 Inrush
Block
nd
harmonic detection HV
EF Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
nd
HV EF2 Direction
Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of HV EF Stage 2
HV EF2 Dir To
Sys
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
Inrush 2
HV EF2 Inrush
Block
nd
harmonic detection HV
EF Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
The IDMTL inverse time stage of HV
HV Func_EF Inv
EF protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction (DIR) detection of HV EF
HV EF Inv Direction
HV EF Inv Dir To
Sys
110
Block
nd
harmonic detection HV
Block HV EF at
HV VT_Fail
Block HV EF at
HV CT_Fail
failure
1-Block; 0-NOT block
HV EF protection initiate LV side
HV EF Initiate LV
CBF
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
HV EF protection initiate MV side
HV EF Initiate
MV CBF
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Setting
MV
3I0_EF1
MV T_EF1
MV
3I0_EF2
MV T_EF2
Default
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.05Ir
20Ir
60
60
0.05Ir
20Ir
60
60
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05
999
200
0.14
Unit
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
MV earth fault (E/F) protection
current setting for Stage 1
Time setting for MV E/F, Stage 1
MV earth fault (E/F) current setting for Stage 2
Time setting for MV E/F, Stage 2
MV
Curve_EF
Inv
MV 3I0_EF
Inv
MV K_EF
Inv
MV A_EF
Inv
111
MV P_EF
Inv
MV Angle_EF
60
10
0.02
90
45
MV
Imax_2H_U
0.25Ir
20Ir
nBlk_EF
MV Ra-
0.07
tio_I2/I1_EF
0.5
0.2
Inrush 2
nd
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
set-
Description
ting
st
MV EF1 Direction
Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of MV EF Stage 1
MV EF1 Dir To
Sys
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
Inrush 2
MV EF1 Inrush
Block
nd
harmonic detection MV
EF Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
nd
MV EF2 Direction
Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of MV EF Stage 2
MV EF2 Dir To
Sys
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
112
Block
nd
harmonic detection MV
EF Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
The IDMTL inverse time stage of MV
MV Func_EF Inv
EF protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction (DIR) detection of MV EF
MV EF Inv Direc-
tion
MV EF Inv Dir To
Sys
MV EF Inv Inrush
Block
nd
harmonic detection MV
Block MV EF at
MV VT_Fail
Block MV EF at
MV CT_Fail
failure
1-Block; 0-NOT block
MV EF protection initiate HV1 side
MV EF Initiate
HV CBF
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
LV 3I0_EF1
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV T_EF1
60
60
LV 3I0_EF2
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV T_EF2
60
60
113
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05
999
Inv
LV 3I0_EF
Inv
LV K_EF Inv
LV A_EF Inv
200
0.14
LV B_EF Inv
60
10
0.02
90
45
LV P_EF Inv
LV Angle_EF
LV
Imax_2H_U
0.25Ir
20Ir
nBlk_EF
LV Ra-
Inrush 2
0.07
tio_I2/I1_EF
0.5
0.2
nd
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
set-
Description
ting
st
LV EF1 Direction
Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of LV EF Stage 1
LV EF1 Dir To
Sys
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
Inrush 2
LV EF1 Inrush
Block
nd
harmonic detection LV EF
Stage 1 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
nd
114
Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of LV EF Stage 2
LV EF2 Dir To
Sys
points to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
Inrush 2
LV EF2 Inrush
Block
nd
harmonic detection LV EF
Stage 2 is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
The IDMTL inverse time stage of LV
LV Func_EF Inv
EF protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction (DIR) detection of LV EF
LV EF Inv Direction
LV EF Inv Dir To
Sys
LV EF Inv Inrush
Block
nd
harmonic detection LV EF
Block LV EF at
LV VT_Fail
Block LV EF at
LV CT_Fail
failure
1-Block; 0-NOT block
LV EF protection initiate HV1 side
LV EF Initiate HV
CBF
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Report
Table 57 Event report list
Information
Description
115
Information
Description
HV EF Inv Trip
HV EF1 Trip
HV EF2 Trip
MV EF Inv Trip
MV EF1 Trip
MV EF2 Trip
LV EF Inv Trip
LV EF1 Trip
LV EF2 Trip
Information
Description
HV Func_EF On
HV Func_EF Off
MV Func_EF On
MV Func_EF Off
LV Func_EF On
LV Func_EF Off
Technical data
Table 59 Earth fault protection technical data
Item
Rang or value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
Reset time
approx. 40ms
Reset ratio
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
IEC60255-151
Very inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Extremely inverse;
<I/ISETTING < 20
116
Inverse;
ANSI/IEEE C37.112,
Short inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Long inverse;
<I/ISETTING < 20
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
IEC60255-151
user-defined characteristic
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
T=
<I/ISETTING < 20
Time factor of inverse time, A
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
Reset time
approx. 40ms
Directional element
160
3, at 3U01V
3, at 3U22V
117
118
119
Protection principle
1.1
Protection Elements
Each voltage side of the protected transformer is provided with three neutral
earth fault protection elements from which two elements operate as definite
earth fault stages and the other one operates with inverse time-current characteristic. All the elements can operate in conjunction with the integrated inrush restraint and directional functions.
Various stages of each element are independent from each other and can be
combined as desired. They can be enabled or disabled in each side using
dedicated Binary settings. These Binary settings include HV Func_Neu OC1,
HV Func_Neu OC2 and HV Func_Neu OC Inv, for HV side earth fault
protection, MV Func_Neu OC1, MV Func_Neu OC2 and MV Func_Neu
OC Inv, for MV side earth fault protection, LV Func_Neu OC1, LV
Func_Neu OC2 and LV Func_Neu OC Inv, for LV side earth fault protection.
For example by applying setting 1-on to HV Func_Neu OC1, respective
stage of neutral earth fault protection would be enabled in HV side.
Individual pickup value for each definite stage can be defined by setting HV
3I0_Neutral OC1 and HV 3I0_Neutral OC2 for HV side, MV 3I0_Neutral
OC1 and MV 3I0_Neutral OC2 for MV side, LV 3I0_Neutral OC1 and LV
3I0_Neutral OC2 for LV side. By applying these settings, each neutral current
(quantity IN) measured from the installed neutral CT is compared separately
with the setting value for each stage. If the respective value is exceeded, a
trip time delay timer is started. The condition for start of the delay timer is expressed mathematically:
I N I N _ set
Equation 35
The timer is set to count up to a user-defined time delay. The time delay can
be set for each definite stage individually through settings HV T_Neutral
OC1 and HV T_Neutral OC2 for HV side, MV T_Neutral OC1 and MV
T_Neutral OC2 for MV side, LV T_Neutral OC1 and LV T_Neutral OC2
for LV side. After the user-defined time delay has been elapsed, a trip signal is
issued if the inrush restraint feature is applied and no inrush current is detected or inrush restraint is disabled. The neutral earth fault protection would
be blocked and therefore, no tripping takes place if the inrush restraint feature
is enabled and an inrush condition exists. However, an alarm report is issued
nominated as HV Inrush Blk BU, MV Inrush Blk BU or LV Inrush Blk BU,
indicating the blocking condition of neutral earth fault element caused by inrush condition detection.
Pickup value for the inverse time-current stage can be set by setting HV
3I0_NOC Inv, MV 3I0_NOC Inv and LV 3I0_NOC Inv for HV, MV and LV
sides, respectively. Each neutral current (quantity IN) measured by installed
neutral CT is separately compared with corresponding setting value. If a current exceeds 1.1 times the setting value, corresponding stage picks up. When
120
A _ NOC Inv
t K _ NOC Inv
B _ NOC Inv
P _ NOC Inv
I
-1
I S
Equation 36
Where I is the calculated neutral current;
Is is the current setting;
where:
A_NOC Inv: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_ NOC Inv: Time delay for inverse time stage
P_ NOC Inv: index for inverse time stage
K_ NOC Inv: Time multiplier
As mentioned previously, selection between the curves can be carried out by
settings HV Curve_NOC Inv, MV Curve_NOC Inv and LV Curve_NOC
Inv for HV, MV and LV sides, respectively. Furthermore, the time multiplier
K_NOC Inv can be applied by user to coordinate the integrated inverse
time-current characteristic of the device with other relays installed for power
system protection. This can be performed by settings HV K_NOC Inv, MV
K_NOC Inv and LV K_NOC Inv in case of HV, MV and LV neutral earth fault
elements.
By applying pickup current and time multiplier settings, the device determines
the tripping time from the measured neutral current, based on the selected
inverse curve. Once the calculated time has been elapsed, a trip signal is
issued provided that no inrush current is detected or inrush restraint is disabled. If the inrush restraint feature is enabled and an inrush condition exists,
the neutral earth fault protection would be blocked and therefore no tripping
takes place. However, alarm report of HV Inrush Blk BU, MV Inrush Blk BU
or LV Inrush Blk BU is issued, indicating the blocking condition of neutral
earth fault element caused by inrush condition detection.
The trip signals and corresponding event reports are available separately for
each stage. They include HV Neu OC_1 Trip, HV Neu OC_2 Trip and HV
Neu OC IDMTL for HV side, MV Neu OC_1 Trip, MV Neu OC_2 Trip and
MV Neu OC IDMTL for MV side, LV Neu OC_1 Trip, LV Neu OC_1 Trip
121
1.2
1.3
122
3I 0
90
0
3U 0_Ref
Angle_EF
Angle_Range
EF
Forward
-3 I 0
Bisector
123
Dir_Forward
And
Or
VT failure
Direct OK at VT FAIL
And
Func_Neu OC1 2 on
And
Neutral EF Trip
Func_Neu OC Inv on
3I0>3I0_NOC Inv
NEF Direction Unit OK
And
1.4
124
NEF1 Trip
UA
NEF2 Trip
UB
UC
Relay Startup
Description
INBK
UA
UB
UC
Description
NOC1 Trip
NOC2 Trip
NOC Inv Trip
Relay Startup
125
Setting
Table 62 Settings of neutral earth fault protection for HV side of transformer
Setting
c
HV
T_Neutral
OC1
HV
3I0_Neutral
OC2
HV
T_Neutral
OC2
HV
Curve_NOC
Inv
HV 3I0_NOC
Inv
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
0.05Ir
20Ir
60
60
0.05Ir
20Ir
60
60
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05
999
HV K_NOC
Inv
Description
HV A_NOC
Inv
200
0.14
HV B_NOC
Inv
60
10
0.02
90
45
HV P_NOC
Inv
HV Angle_NOC
st
HV
Imax_2H_Un
Blk_NOC
0.25Ir
20Ir
0.07
0.5
0.2
HV Ratio_I2/I1_NO
C
nd
Table 63 Binary settings of neutral earth fault protection for HV side of transformer
Setting
126
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
HV Func_Neu
OC1
HV Func_Neu
OC2
HV Func_Neu OC
Inv
HV Neu OC Inv
Direction
127
HV Neu OC Inv
Inrush Block
Block HV NOC at
HV VT_Fail
HV Neu OC Init
MV CBF
Setting
MV
3I0_Neutral
OC1
MV
T_Neutral
OC1
MV
3I0_Neutral
OC2
MV
T_Neutral
OC2
MV
Curve_NOC
Inv
MV
3I0_NOC Inv
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
0.05Ir
20Ir
60
60
0.05Ir
20Ir
60
60
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05
999
MV K_NOC
Inv
Description
MV A_NOC
Inv
200
0.14
MV B_NOC
Inv
60
10
0.02
90
45
MV P_NOC
Inv
MV Angle_NOC
st
MV
Imax_2H_Un
Blk_NOC
128
0.25Ir
20Ir
nd
0.07
0.5
0.2
Table 65 Binary settings of neutral earth fault protection for MV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
MV Func_Neu
OC1
MV Func_Neu
OC2
MV Func_Neu OC
Inv
MV Neu OC Inv
Direction
Description
MV Neu OC Inv
Dir To Sys
MV Neu OC Inv
Inrush Block
Block MV NOC at
MV VT_Fail
MV Neu OC Init
MV CBF
stage is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of MV neutral OC
IDMTL inverse time stage points
to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
Inrush 2nd harmonic detection
MV neutral OC IDMTL inverse
time stage is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Select to block MV neutral OC
protection or exit direction unit,
when MV VT fails
0 - MV Direct OK at MV VT Fail
1 - Blk MV NOC at MV VT Fail
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
LV
3I0_Neutral
OC1
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV T_Neutral
OC1
60
60
Setting
Description
LV
3I0_Neutral
OC2
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV T_Neutral
OC2
60
60
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05
999
LV
Curve_NOC
Inv
LV 3I0_NOC
Inv
LV K_NOC
Inv
LV A_NOC
Inv
200
0.14
LV B_NOC
Inv
60
130
LV P_NOC
Inv
LV Angle_NOC
10
0.02
90
45
LV
Imax_2H_Un
Blk_NOC
0.25Ir
20Ir
0.07
0.5
0.2
LV Ratio_I2/I1_NO
C
nd
Table 67 Binary settings of neutral earth fault protection for LV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
LV Func_Neu OC1
LV Func_Neu OC2
Description
LV Func_Neu OC
Inv
LV Neu OC Inv
Direction
LV Neu OC Inv
Inrush Block
Block LV NOC at
LV VT_Fail
LV Neu OC Init LV
CBF
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
The IDMTL inverse time stage
of LV neutral OC protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction (DIR) detection of LV
neutral OC IDMTL inverse time
stage is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of LV neutral OC
IDMTL inverse time stage points
to system
0 - point to the protected transformer
1- point to system
Inrush 2nd harmonic detection
LV neutral OC IDMTL inverse
time stage is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Select to block LV neutral OC
protection or exit direction unit,
when LV VT fails
0 - LV Direct OK at LV VT Fail
1 - Blk LV NOC at LV VT Fail
Report
Table 68 Event report list
Information
Description
HV NOC1 Trip
HV NOC2 Trip
MV EF Inv Trip
MV EF1 Trip
MV EF2 Trip
LV EF Inv Trip
LV EF1 Trip
LV EF2 Trip
132
Description
HV Func_NOC On
HV Func_NOC Off
MV Func_NOC On
MV Func_NOC Off
LV Func_NOC On
LV Func_NOC Off
Technical data
Table 70 Neutral earth fault protection technical data
Item
Rang or value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
Time delay
Reset time
approx. 40ms
Reset ratio
Current
IEC standard
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
ANSI
user-defined characteristic
Normal inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Long inverse
Inverse;
Short inverse;
Long inverse;
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
3% setting or 0.02Ir
1% setting or +40ms, at 200%
operating setting
3% setting or 0.02Ir
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
<I/ISETTING < 20, in accordance with
IEC60255-151
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
<I/ISETTING < 20, in accordance
with ANSI/IEEE C37.112,
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
<I/ISETTING < 20, in accordance with
IEC60255-151
T=
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
Reset time
approx. 40ms
Directional element
160
3, at 3U01V
133
160
Characteristic angle
134
3, at 3U22V
135
Introduction
The insulating material surrounding the transformer windings ages rapidly if
the temperature exceeds the design limit value. Furthermore, by using less
and less metal per MVA of transformed power, the designed limit value is
reduced in modern power transformers. Hence, it represents an essential
requirement to provide thermal protection to supplement the winding temperature device. The thermal overload protection estimates winding temperature
and therefore prevents damage to transformer caused by thermal overloading.
Protection principle
The thermal overload protection includes two stages (alarm and trip). They
work by using an approximate replica of the temperature rise in the protected
object caused by overload. The thermal replica is implemented based on
thermal models (Cold / Hot Curve) of IEC60255-8 Std., without ambient
temperature influence.
Both of the alarm and trip stages can be enabled or disabled by using Binary
setting HV Func_Thermal OvLd, MV Func_Thermal OvLd or LV
Func_Thermal OvLd on. The thermal overload protection can be assigned to
any desired side (HV, MV or LV) of the protected object. However, for transformers with tap changer, it is recommended to use the function on the
non-regulated side. To enable the protection on each side, setting of 1-on
should be applied to corresponding Binary setting.
Both of the thermal overload stages can use cold curve or hot curve in their
calculations, based on the setting applied at Binary setting HV Cold Curve,
MV Cold Curve or LV Cold Curve. If the protection is enabled in one side,
and the measured current in each phase of the protected transformer in corresponding side exceeds the threshold defined by setting HV I_Therm OL
Alarm, MV I_Therm OL Alarm or LV I_Therm OL Alarm, a counter is incremented from 0% to 100%. When the counter is accumulated to its alarm
setting which correspond to the expiration of alarm time delay according to
the selected cold/hot characteristic, the alarm report HV Load Alarm, MV
Load Alarm or LV Load Alarm is given to allow a preventive load reduction.
The alarm signal is cancelled as soon as the measured phase current falls
below the threshold defined by setting HV I_Therm OL Alarm, MV I_Therm
OL Alarm or LV I_Therm OL Alarm. However, the counter is decremented to
zero according to cool down time of the transformer (the time by which the
thermal replica counter reaches from 100% to 0%). The cool down time is
informed to the device by setting HV T_Const Cool Down, MV T_Const
Cool Down and LV T_Const Cool Down.
Similarly, if the measured current in each phase of the protected transformer
in corresponding side exceeds the threshold defined by setting HV I_Therm
OL Trip, MV I_Therm OL Trip or LV I_Therm OL Trip, a counter is incremented from 0% to 100%. If the counter reaches to 100% corresponding to
expiration of trip time delay according to the selected cold/hot characteristic,
the event report HV THERM Trip, MV THERM Trip or LV THERM Trip is
136
t ln 2
2
I ph I
Equation 37
2
I ph
I P2
t ln 2
2
I ph I
Equation 38
Where,
t is alarm/trip time of thermal overload protection function in seconds,
is thermal time constant of heating for the power transformer, in seconds. It
is usually provided by the manufacturer. The device is informed about it by
settings HV T_Const Therm, MV T_Const Therm and H\LV T_Const
Therm.
Iph is the current flowing through corresponding side of the transformer, in
each phase. It means that the calculation is performed separately for each
phase, based on fundamental component measurement and also includes
the effect of harmonic contents up to 7th harmonic. Thus, the minimum calculated alarm/ trip time is decisive for evaluation of the thresholds.
I is the setting for alarm and trip stages of the thermal overload protection, in
rms. It should be set considering the maximum permissible thermal continuous overload current of the transformer windings and insulations. The setting
is applied by using HV I_Therm OL Alarm and HV I_Therm OL Trip for HV
side, MV I_Therm OL Alarm and HV I_Therm OL Trip for MV side, and
H\LV I_Therm OL Alarm and HV I_Therm OL Trip for LV side of the power
transformer.
IP is the prior current to overload, assuming sufficient time to reach
137
Therm OL Trip
IB1
Therm OL Alarm
IC1
Relay Startup
IA2
IB2
IC2
Description
IA1
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
Description
Therm OL Trip
Therm OL Alarm
Relay Startup
Setting
Table 73 Settings of thermal overload protection for HV side of transformer
Setting
138
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/
Max.
(Ir:5A/
Default
setting
Description
HV I_Therm OL Trip
1A)
1A)
(Ir:5A/
1A)
0.1Ir
5Ir
HV I_Therm OL Alarm
0.1Ir
5Ir
HV T_Const Therm
9999
10
HV T_Const Cool
Down
9999
10
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
HV Func_Thermal
OvLd
HV Cold Curve
HV Thermal Init LV
CBF
HV Thermal Init MV
CBF
Setting
Unit
Description
Thermal overload in HV
side is switched on
0 - OFF, 1 - ON
HV side using hot/cold
curve type
0 Hot curve, 1 Cold
curve
HV thermal overload protection initiate LV side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
HV thermal overload protection initiate MV side
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/
1A)
MV I_Therm OL Trip
0.1Ir
5Ir
MV I_Therm OL
Alarm
0.1Ir
5Ir
MV T_Const Therm
9999
10
MV T_Const Cool
Down
9999
10
Setting
Description
Setting for MV-side thermal
overload trip-stage current
Setting for MV-side thermal
overload alarm-stage current
Time const for MV-side
thermal overload protection
Cool down time delay for
MV-side thermal overload
139
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
MV Func_Thermal
OvLd
MV Cold Curve
Setting
Unit
Description
Thermal overload in MV
side is switched on
0 - OFF, 1 - ON
MV side using hot/cold
curve type
0 Hot curve, 1 Cold
curve
MV thermal overload protection initiate HV side
CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Report
Table 77 Event report list
Information
Description
HV Therm OL Trip
MV Therm OL Trip
Description
HV Therm OL Alm
MV Therm OL Alm
Description
HV Func_Therm On
HV Func_Therm Off
MV Func_Therm On
MV Func_Therm Off
140
Technical data
Table 80 Thermal overload protection technical data
Item
Rang or Value
Current
0.1 Ir to 5.00 Ir
1 to 9999 s
1 to 9999 s
Tolerance
3% setting or 0.02Ir
I eq2
t ln 2
2
I eq I
IEC 602558,
5% setting or +40ms
2
I eq
I P2
t ln 2
2
I eq I
IEC 602558,
5% setting or +40ms
141
142
143
Protection principle
Overload protection is equipped for each voltage side and LV delta winding.
The function is to protect all sides of windings of transformer continuous
overload currents.
HV or MV or LV overload protection only comprises a definite time alarm
stage.
HV Func_OverLoad on
Max(IA,IB,IC)>HV
I_OverLoad
HV T_OverLoad
A
N
D
Load Alarm
Max(IA,IB,IC)> I_OverLoad
&
T_OverLo
ad
&
LW T_OvLd
Low Trip
&
LW T_OvLd High
Trip
LW Load Alarm
Max(IA,IB,IC)> LW I_OvLd
Low Trip
LW Load Low_Stg
Max(IA,IB,IC)>LW I_OvLd
High Trip
LW Load High_Stg
144
Overload Alarm
IB1
Relay Startup
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
IB
IC
Overload Alarm
Relay Startup
Description
IA1
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
Description
Overload Alarm
Overload Alarm
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
145
Setting
Table 83 Setting of overload protection for HV side of transformer
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/
1A)
HV I_OverLoad
0.1Ir
4Ir
HV T_OverLoad
0.1
3600
10
Setting
Description
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
HV Func_OverLoad
Description
Overload (LOAD) protection in
HV side is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/
1A)
MV I_OverLoad
0.1Ir
4Ir
MV T_OverLoad
0.1
3600
10
Setting
Description
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
MV Func_OverLoad
Description
Overload (LOAD)in MV side
on
Setting
LV I_OverLoad
146
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/
1A)
0.1Ir
4Ir
Description
0.1
10
3600
Setting
Unit
LV Func_OverLoad
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
Setting
Unit
Min.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Max.
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/
1A)
Description
LW I_OvLd Alarm
0.1Ir
4Ir
20
LW T_OvLd Alarm
0.1
3600
10
0.1Ir
4Ir
20
0.1
3600
10
0.1Ir
4Ir
20
0.1
3600
10
LW I_OvLd Low
Trip
LW T_OvLd Low
Trip
LW I_OvLd High
Trip
LW T_OvLd High
Trip
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
LW Func_OvLd
Alarm
LW Func_OvLd Low
Trip
LW Func_OvLd High
Trip
Description
Alarm stage of LV delta winding (LWIND) overload (LOAD)
protection is switched ON.
1-on; 0-off.
Low-setting trip stage of LV
delta winding overload protection is switched ON.
1-on; 0-off.
High-setting trip stage of LV
delta winding overload protection is switched ON.
1-on; 0-off.
Low-setting trip stage of LV
delta winding overload protection initiate HV1 side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
147
Report
Table 91 Event report list
Information
Description
LW Load Low_Stg
LW Load High_Stg
Description
HV Load Alarm
HV overload Alarm
MV Load Alarm
MV overload Alarm
LV Load Alarm
LV overload Alarm
Description
HV Func_OL On
HV Func_OL Off
MV Func_OL On
MV Func_OL Off
LV Func_OL On
LV Func_OL Off
148
149
Introduction
Voltage protection has the function to protect electrical equipment against
overvoltage condition. Abnormally high voltages often occur e.g. in low
loaded, long distance transmission lines, in islanded systems when generator
voltage regulation fails, or after full load shutdown of a generator from the
system. Even if compensation reactors are used to avoid line overvoltage by
compensation of the line capacitance and thus reduction of the overvoltage,
the overvoltage will endanger the insulation if the reactors fail (e.g. fault
clearance). The line must be disconnected within very short time.
The protection provides the following features:
Protection principle
6.1
150
6.2
Logic diagram
Ua>HV U_OV1
Ub>HV U_OV1
O
R
HV OV Chk PE on
Uc>HV U_OV1
HV OV1 Trip on
Trip
Uab>HV U_OV1
Ubc>HV U_OV1
O
R
HV OV Chk PE off
O
R
HV T_OV1
HV OV1 Trip off
Uca>HV U_OV1
Alarm
OV1 Trip
UB
OV2 Trip
UC
OV1 Alarm
OV2 Alarm
Relay Startup
Signal
Description
151
Signal
Description
UA
UB
UC
Signal
Description
OV1 Trip
OV stage 1trip
OV2 Trip
OV stage 2trip
OV1 Alarm
OV stage 1 alarm
OV2 Alarm
OV stage 2 alarm
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Setting
Table 96 Function setting list for overvoltage protection for HV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
HV U_OV1
40
200
200
HV T_OV1
60
60
HV U_OV2
40
200
200
HV T_OV2
60
60
0.9
0.99
0.95
HV Dropout_OV
Description
Table 97 Binary setting list for overvoltage protection for HV side of transformer
Setting
HV Func_OV1
152
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
0
Description
HV overvoltage stage 1 enabled
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
or disabled
HV Func_OV2
HV Func_OV2
HV OV2 Trip
HV OV Chk PE
Table 98 Function setting list for overvoltage protection for MV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
MV U_OV1
40
200
200
MV T_OV1
60
60
MV U_OV2
40
200
200
MV T_OV2
60
60
0.9
0.99
0.95
MV Dropout_OV
Description
Table 99 Binary setting list for overvoltage protection for MV side of transformer
Setting
MV Func_OV1
MV Func_OV2
MV Func_OV2
MV OV2 Trip
MV OV Chk PE
Unit
Default
Min.
Max.
setting
Description
MV overvoltage stage 1 enabled
or disabled
MV overvoltage stage 1 trip or
alarm
MV overvoltage stage 2 enabled
or disabled
MV overvoltage stage 2 trip or
alarm
MV phase to phase voltage or
phase to earth measured for
153
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
overvoltage protection
10
Report
Table 100 Event report list
Information
Description
HV OV1 Trip
HV OV2 Trip
MV OV1 Trip
MV OV2 Trip
Information
Description
HV OV1 Alarm
HV OV2 Alarm
MV OV1 Alarm
MV OV2 Alarm
comment
HV Func_OV On
HV Func_OV Off
MV Func_OV On
MV Func_OV Off
11
Technical data
Table 103 Technical data for overvoltage protection
Item
Voltage connection
Rang or Value
Phase-to-phase voltages or
phase-to-earth voltages
154
Tolerance
3 % setting or 1 V
40 to 100 V, step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
80 to 200 V, step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
Reset ratio
3 % setting
Time delay
Reset time
<40ms
155
156
157
Introduction
The circuit breaker failure (CBF) protection function monitors proper tripping
of the relevant circuit breaker. There are two separate CBF protection integrated in the IED. They are dedicated to HV and MV sides of the protected
transformer.
Protection principle
Normally, the circuit breaker should be tripped and therefore interrupt the fault
current whenever a short circuit protection function issues a trip command.
The circuit breaker failure protection provides rapid back-up fault clearance,
in the event of circuit breaker malfunction to respond to a trip command. This
feature can be enabled or disabled at each side of the protected transformer
via Binary settings HV1 CBF ON, MV CBF ON. If setting 1-On is applied
at these Binary settings, respective CBF protection will be switched on. In this
case, by operation of a protection function, and subsequent CBF initiation by
respective protection function, a report nominated as HV1 CBF INIT or MV
CBF INIT is generated by the IED. Furthermore, CBF initiation causes a
programmed timer to run toward a preset time delay limit. This time delay is
set by user under the settings HV1 T1_CBF or MV1 T1_CBF. If the circuit
breaker has not been opened after expiration of the preset time limit, the circuit breaker failure protection issues a command to trip circuit breaker (e.g.
via a second trip coil). Furthermore, event report of HV1 CBF T1 or MV
CBF T1is generated by the device. If the circuit breaker doesnt respond to
the repeated trip command, until another preset delay time which is set at
HV1 T2_CBF or MV1 T2_CBF, the protection issues a trip command to
isolate the fault by tripping other surrounding backup circuit breakers (e.g. the
other CBs connected to the same bus section as the faulty CB). Furthermore,
event report of HV1 CBF T2 or MV CBF T2 is generated in this case.
Initiation of CBF protection can be carried out by both the internal and external protection functions. If it is desired to initiate the CBF protection by means
of external protection functions, they should be marshaled to Binary input (BI)
of HV1 CBF EXT. INT or MV CBF EXT. INT for HV or MV CBF protection
respectively. Internal protection functions can initiate the CBF protection integrated in IED (HV and/or MV CBF), according to the mapping shown in
below table.
158
PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
INITIATION
HV1
MV
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
159
High-Stage Trip
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
DI1 Trip
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
DI2 Trip
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
CW
[0/1]
In above table,
:means that the protection function working at a given side of the protected
transformer always initiate the CBF protection applied in specified side of the
power transformer. As can be seen, differential, restricted earth fault and
overexcitation protection functions initiate CBF protection in each side of
protected transformer with no additional settings.
The statement CW [0/1] means that the protection function can initiate CBF
protection according to the setting which is applied at respective Binary setting. The setting includes 1: Initiate the CBF and 0: Dont initiate the CBF.
Related Binary settings are available for specific functions which include
thermal overload, overcurrent, earth fault and neutral earth fault protections.
Furthermore, the dash sign means that it is not possible to initiate CBF protection of respective side by operation of a protection function working at a
given side of the protected transformer.
There are two criteria for breaker failure detection: the first one is to check
whether the actual current flow effectively disappeared after a tripping command had been issued. The second one is to evaluate the circuit breaker
auxiliary contact status. Since circuit breaker is supposed to be open when
current disappears from the circuit, the first criterion (current monitoring) is
the most reliable means for relay to be informed about proper operation of
circuit breaker. Therefore, current monitoring is applied to detect circuit
breaker failure condition. In this context, the monitored current of each phase
is compared with the pre-defined setting. The settings are applied at HV1
I_CBF OC or MV I_CBF OC, for HV or MV CBF protection.
Furthermore, it is possible to implement current checking in case of zero-sequence and negative-sequence currents via Binary setting HV1 3I0/3I2
Check On, MV1 3I0/3I2 Check On. If setting 1-On is applied at these Binary settings, zero-sequence and negative-sequence currents are calculated
and
Logic diagram
BI_HV1 CB EXT.INT
Inter 3Ph Init CBF
O
R
Init HV CBF
161
O
R
A
N
D
O
R
HV 3I0/3I2 Check On
A
N
D
O
R
HV 3I0/3I2 Check On
O
R
Ia >HV1 I_CBF OC
Ic >HV1 I_CBF
OC
A
N
D
O
R
HV 3I0/3I2 Check On
O
R
O
R
Curr. Crit.
BI_HV1 CB Open A
A
N
D
BI_HV1 CB Open B
BI_HV1 CB Open C
Init HV CBF
CBF Curr. Crit. 3P
O
R
A
N
D
A
N
D
162
CB is closed
Curr. crit.
O
R
A
N
D
Func_CBF on
T1_CBF
CBF stg1
T2_CBF
CBF stg2
Init HV CBF
IB
IC
Relay Startup
CB Pole A Open
CB Pole B Open
CB Pole C Open
EXT. INT CBF
Signal
Description
IA
IB
IC
Signal
Description
CB Pole A Open
163
Signal
Description
CB Pole B Open
CB Pole COpen
EXT.INT CBF
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Setting
Table 108 Settings of CBF protection for HV side of transformer
Setting
HV I_CBF
OC
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1A)
Phase current setting value for
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05Ir
20Ir
NS
0.05Ir
20Ir
ZS
setting
CBF protection
HV T1_CBF
32
10
HV T2_CBF
0.1
32
10
164
HV
3I0_CBF
HV
3I2_CBF
Description
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
Description
setting
HV Circuit breaker failure (CBF)
HV Func_CBF
protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV CBF protection detect nega-
HV 3I0/3I2 Check
On
HV CB Status
Check On
CB status
1-Detect; 0- Not Detect
Setting
MVI_CBF
OC
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
0.05Ir
20Ir
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
MV
3I2_CBF
0.05Ir
20Ir
NS
MV
3I0_CBF
0.05Ir
20Ir
ZS
setting
protection
MV T1_CBF
32
10
MV T2_CBF
0.1
32
10
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
Description
setting
165
protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV CBF protection detect nega-
MV 3I0/3I2 Check
On
MV CB Status
Check On
CB status
1-Detect; 0- Not Detect
Setting
Unit
LV I_CBF
OC
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
0.05Ir
20Ir
Default
setting
Description
(Ir:5A/1A)
LV 3I2_CBF
NS
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV 3I0_CBF
ZS
0.05Ir
20Ir
setting
protection
LV T1_CBF
32
10
LV T2_CBF
0.1
32
10
Unit
Min.
Max.
fault
Description
setting
LV Circuit breaker failure (CBF)
LV Func_CBF
protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV 3I0/3I2 Check
On
166
LV CB Status
Check On
status
Report
Table 114 Event report list
Information
Description
HV CBF1 Trip
HV CBF2 Trip
HV CBF Init
MV CBF1 Trip
MV CBF2 Trip
MV CBF Init
LV CBF1 Trip
LV CBF2 Trip
LV CBF Init
comment
HV Func_CBF On
HV Func_CBF Off
MV Func_CBF On
MV Func_CBF Off
LV Func_CBF On
LV Func_CBF Off
Technical data
Item
phase current
Rang or Value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
167
Reset ratio
>0.95
Reset time
< 25ms
168
169
Introduction
The IED provides this protection function to protect dead zone, namely the
area between circuit breaker and CT in the case that CB is open. Therefore,
by occurrence of a fault in dead zone, the short circuit current is measured by
protection relay while CB auxiliary contacts indicate the CB is open.
When one bus side CT of feeder is applied, once a fault occurs in the dead
zone, the IED trips the relevant busbar zone. Tripping logic is illustrated in
below figure.
Protection principle
In the case of feeders with bus side CTs, once a fault occurs in the dead zone,
the IED trips the relevant busbar zone CBs. Tripping concept is illustrated in
the below figure.
trip
Trip
Bus1
Bus1
IFAULT
IFAULT
T1
Ln
Ln
L1
L1
Bus2
T1
Bus3
Bus3
Legend:
Legend:
170
Opened CB
Opened CB
Closed CB
Closed CB
Bus2
2.1
Function description
Internal/external initiation
Self-adaptive for bus side CT or line side CT. For bus side CTs, the dead
zone protection will select to trip breakers on other lines connected to the
same busbar. For line side CTs, the dead zone protection will select trip opposite side breakers on the same line.
Logic diagram
Func_HV CBF
On
Init HV CBF
A
N
D
CBF.Curr. Crit.
BI_HV PhA CB Open
BI_HV PhB CB Open
BI_HV PhC CB Open
A
N
D
Func_Dead Zone On
T_Dead Zone
A
N
D
171
DZ Trip
IB
Relay Startup
IC
CB Pole A Open
CB Pole B Open
CB Pole C Open
CB 3 Poles Close
Signal
Description
IA
IB
IC
Signal
Description
CB Pole A Open
CB Pole B Open
CB Pole C Open
CB 3 Poles Close
Signal
Description
DZ Trip
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
172
Setting
Table 119 Dead zone protection function setting list for HV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
HV T_Dead Zone
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A
(Ir:5A/1A
32
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1A
Description
)
10
Table 120 Dead zone protection binary setting list for HV side of transformer
Setting
Uni
Min
Max
Default set-
ting
Description
Dead zone protection is switched
HV Func_Dead
Zone
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Table 121 Dead zone protection function setting list for MV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
MV T_Dead Zone
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A
(Ir:5A/1A
32
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1A
Description
)
10
Table 122 Dead zone protection binary setting list for MV side of transformer
Setting
Uni
Min
Max
Default set-
ting
Description
Dead zone protection is switched
MV Func_Dead
Zone
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Table 123 Dead zone protection function setting list for LV side of transformer
Setting
LV T_Dead Zone
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1A
(Ir:5A/1A
32
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1A
Description
)
10
173
Table 124 Dead zone protection binary setting list for LV side of transformer
Setting
Uni
Min
Max
Default set-
ting
LV Func_Dead
Zone
Description
Dead zone protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Report
Table 125 Event report list
Information
Description
HV Dead Zone
MV Dead Zone
LV Dead Zone
Description
HV Func_DZ On
HV DZ function on
HV Func_DZ Off
HV DZ function off
MV Func_DZ On
MV DZ function on
MV Func_DZ Off
MV DZ function off
LV Func_DZ On
LV DZ function on
LV Func_DZ Off
LV DZ function off
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
Reset ratio
174
>0.95
175
Introduction
The STUB protection protects the zone between the CTs and the open
disconnector. The STUB protection is enabled when the open position of the
disconnector is informed to the IED through connected binary input. The
function supports one definite stage with the logic shown inbelow figure.
Protection principle
2.1
Function description
Busbar A
CT1-1
CB1
CT1-2
Fault
Feeder1
Feeder 1 Disconnector
CT3-1
CB3
CT3-2
Feeder2
Feeder 2 Disconnector
CT2-1
CB2
CT2-2
Busbar B
176
Logic diagram
Ia>I_STUB
Ib>I_STUB
O
R
Ic>I_STUB
Func_STUB
A
N
D
T_STUB
Permanent trip
STUB Protection
IA1
STUB Trip
IB1
Relay Startup
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
177
Signal
Description
IA1
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
Signal
Description
Transformer output feeder disconnector is
Signal
Description
STUB Trip
STUB Trip
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Setting
Table 130 Setting value list for STUB protection for HV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
HV I_STUB
0.05Ir
20Ir
100
HV T_STUB
60
60
178
Description
Setting
Unit
HV Func_STUB
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
0
HV STUB Init LV
Description
Enable or disable STUB
protection
STUB protection initiate
CBF
LV side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
HV STUB Init MV
CBF
HV side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Table 132 Setting value list for STUB protection for MV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
MV I_STUB
0.05Ir
20Ir
100
MV T_STUB
60
60
Table 133 Binary setting list for STUB protection for MV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
MV Func_STUB
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
0
MV STUB Init LV
Description
Enable or disable STUB
protection
STUB protection initiate
CBF
LV side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
MV STUB Init MV
CBF
MV side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Table 134 Setting value list for STUB protection for LV side of transformer
Setting
LV I_STUB
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.05Ir
20Ir
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
100
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
tion
LV T_STUB
60
60
Table 135 Binary setting list for STUB protection for LV side of transformer
Setting
Unit
LV Func_STUB
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
0
LV STUB Init LV
Description
Enable or disable STUB
protection
STUB protection initiate
CBF
LV side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
LV STUB Init MV
CBF
LV side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
Report
Table 136 Event report list
Information
Description
HV STUB Trip
MV STUB Trip
LV STUB Trip
Description
HV Func_STUB On
HV STUB function on
HV Func_STUB Off
MV Func_STUB On
MV STUB function on
MV Func_STUB Off
LV Func_STUB On
LV STUB function on
LV Func_STUB Off
180
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 138 Technical data for STUB protection
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
Reset ratio
>0.95
181
182
183
Introdcution
Under normal operating condition, all three poles of the circuit breaker must
be closed or open at the same time. The phase separated operating circuit
breakers can be in different positions (close-open) due to electrical or mechanical failures. This can cause negative and zero sequence currents which
gives thermal stress on rotating machines and can cause unwanted operation
of zero sequence or negative sequence current functions.
Single pole opening of the circuit breaker is permitted only in the short period
related to single pole dead times, otherwise the breaker is tripped three pole
to resolve the problem. If the problem still remains, the remote end can be
intertripped via circuit breaker failure protection function to clear the unsymmetrical load situation.
The pole discordance function operates based on information from auxiliary
contacts of the circuit breaker for the three phases with additional criteria from
unsymmetrical phase current.
Protection principle
2.1
Function description
The CB position signals are connected to IED via binary input in order to
monitor the CB status. Poles discordance condition is established when binary setting HV Func_PD for HV said, or MV Func_PD for MV said is set
to 1/on, and at least one pole is open and at the same time not all three
poles are closed. The auxiliary contacts of the circuit breakers are checked
with corresponding phase currents for plausibility check. Error alarm CB Err
Blk PD is reported after 5 sec whenever CB auxiliary contacts indicate that
one pole is open but at the same time current is flowing through the pole.
Additionally the function can be informed via binary setting HV PD Chk
3I0/3I2 and MV PD Chk 3I0/3I2for additionaly zero and negative sequence
current as well as current criteria involved in CBF protection. Pole discordance can be detected when current is not flowing through all three poles.
When current is flowing through all three poles, all three poles must be closed
even if the breaker auxiliary contacts indicate a different status.
184
Logic diagram
BI_CB Open A
Ia > 0.06Ir
BI_CB Open B
Ib > 0.06Ir
BI_CB Open C
Ic > 0.06Ir
BI_CB Open A
BI_CB Open B
BI_CB Open C
BI_CB Open A
Ia < 0.06Ir
BI_CB Open B
Ib < 0.06Ir
BI_CB Open C
Ic< 0.06Ir
A
N
D
A
N
D
O
R
A
N
D
A
N
D
5s
CB Err Blk PD
A
N
D
A
N
D
A
N
D
Func_PD On
A
N
D
O
R
T_PD
PD Trip
A
N
D
O
R
A
N
D
A
N
D
PD Chk 3I0/3I2 on
PD Chk 3I0/3I2 off
185
PD Trip
IB
Relay Startup
IC
INBK
CB Pole A Open
CB Pole B Open
CB Pole C Open
Description
IA
IB
IC
INBK
Description
CB Pole A Open
CB Pole B Open
CB Pole C Open
Description
PD Trip
Relay Startup
PD Trip
Relay Startup
186
Setting
Table 142 Function setting list for poles discordance protection for HV side of
tranformer
Setting
Default
setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Description
HV 3I0_PD
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV 3I2_PD
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV T_PD
60
10
Table 143 Binary setting list for poles discordance protection for HV side of
tranformer
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
MV Func_PD
MV PD Chk
3I0/3I2
Setting
Unit
Description
Enable or disable MV poles
discordance protection
Enable or disable 3I0/3I2
criteria
Table 144 Function setting list for poles discordance protection for MV side of
tranformer
Setting
Default
setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Description
MV 3I0_PD
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV 3I2_PD
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV T_PD
60
10
Table 145 Binary setting list for poles discordance protection for MV side of
tranformer
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
MV Func_PD
MV PD Chk
3I0/3I2
Setting
Unit
Description
Enable or disable MV poles
discordance protection
Enable or disable 3I0/3I2
criteria
187
Report
Table 146 Event report list
Information
Description
HV PD Trip
MV PD Trip
Description
CB Err Blk PD
Description
HV poles discordance function on
HV poles discordance function off
MV poles discordance function on
MV poles discordance function off
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
Table 149 Technical data for pole discordance
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
Reset ratio
>0.95
188
189
Function principle
VT failure supervision function can be enabled or disabled in each side
through Binary setting HV VT Fail Detect, MV VT Fail Detect and LV VT
Fail Detect. By applying setting 1-On to these Binary settings, respective
VT failure supervision function would monitor the voltage transformer circuit
of corresponding side. Each VT failure supervision function is able to detect
single-phase broken, two-phase broken or three-phase broken faults in respective voltage transformer. There are three main criteria for VT failure detection; from them the first one is dedicated to detect three-phase broken
faults. The second and third one is dedicated to detect single or two-phase
broken faults in solid earthed and isolated/resistance earthed systems, respectively. A precondition to meet these three criteria is that the relay should
not be picked up and the calculated zero sequence and negative sequence
currents should be less than setting of HV I_VT Fail, MV I_VT Fail or LV
I_VT Fail. These criteria are as follows:
The calculated zero sequence voltage 3U0 as well as maximum of three
phase-to-earth voltages of respective side of the protected transformer are
less than the setting of HV Upe_VT Fail, MV Upe_VT Fail or LV Upe_VT
Fail and at the same time, maximum of three phase currents of respective
side is higher than setting of HV I_VT Fail, MV I_VT Fail or LV I_VT Fail.
This condition may correspond to three phase broken fault in secondary circuit of the voltage transformer in respective side of the protected transformer.
The calculated zero sequence voltage 3U0 of respective side of the protected
transformer is more than the setting of HV Upe_VT Fail, MV Upe_VT Fail
or LV Upe_VT Fail. This condition may correspond to single or two-phase
broken fault in secondary circuit of the voltage transformer in respective side
of the protected transformer, if the system starpoint is solidly earthed.
The calculated zero sequence voltage 3U0 of respective side of the protected
transformer is more than the setting of HV Upe_VT Fail, MV Upe_VT Fail
or LV Upe_VT Fail, and at the same time, the difference between the maximum and minimum phase-to-phase voltages of respective side is more than
the setting of HV Upp_VT Fail, MV Upp_VT Fail or LV Upp_VT Fail. This
condition may correspond to single or two-phase broken fault in secondary
circuit of the voltage transformer in respective side of the protected transformer, if the system starpoint is isolated or resistance earthed.
191
Max(Ia,Ib,Ic)>I_ VT Fail
A
N
D
Max{Ua,Ub,Uc}<Upe_VT Fail
Solid Earth on
O
R
A
N
D
A
N
D
Max{Uab,Ubc,Uca}Min{Uab,Ubc,Uca}>
Upp_VT Fail
A
N
D
Relay Pickup
O
R
BI MCB Fail
A
N
D
VT Fail
Detected
HV VT Fail Detect on
VT Fail Detected
Min{Ua,Ub,Uc}>Upe_VT Normal
3I0>3I02_VT Fail or
3I2>3I02_VT Fail
min{Ua,Ub,Uc}>Upe_VT Normal
A
N
D
A
N
D
500ms
A
N
D
A
N
D
O
R
A
N
D
No VT Fail
10s
192
10s
Alarm report
VT Failure
IB1
Relay Startup
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
UA
UB
UC
V3P MCB Fail
Description
IA1
IB1
IC1
IA2
IB2
IC2
UA
UB
UC
Description
VT failure informed by BI
193
Description
VT Failure
Relay Startup
VT Failure
Relay Startup
Setting
Table 153 Settings of VT failure supervision for HV side of transformer
Default
setting
Setting Title
Unit
HV I_VT Fail
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.05
HV 3I02_ VT Fail
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.5
HV Upe_VT Fail
20
HV Upp_VT Fail
10
30
16
HV Upe_VT
Normal
40
65
40
Min.
Max.
Comment
Minimum Current of VT failure
for HV side
Minimum zero or negative Current of HV VT fail
Maximum phase to earth voltage
of HV VT fail
Maximum phase to phase voltage of HV VT fail
Minimum phase to phase voltage of HV VT normal
Min.
Max.
HV VT FAIL Detect
HV Solid Earth
Setting Title
Unit
Comment
HV VT Failure Detection
On/Off
1-On, 0-Off.
HV Earthing mode:
1: Solid earthed system ;
0: isolated system or resistance earthed.
Setting Title
Unit
MV I_VT Fail
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.05
MV 3I02_VT Fail
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.5
MV Upe_VT Fail
20
MV Upp_VT Fail
10
30
16
MV Upe_VT
Normal
40
65
40
194
Min.
Max.
Comment
Minimum Current of VT failure
for MV side
Minimum zero or negative Current of MV VT fail
Maximum phase to earth voltage
of MV VT fail
Maximum phase to phase voltage of MV VT fail
Minimum phase to phase voltage of MV VT normal
Unit
MV VT FAIL Detect
MV Solid Earth
Default
Min.
Max.
MV VT Failure Detection
On/Off
1-On, 0-Off.
MV Earthing mode:
1: Solid earthed system ;
0: isolated system or resistance earthed.
Comment
Setting Title
Unit
LV I_VT Fail
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.05
LV 3I02_VT Fail
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.5
LV Upe_VT Fail
20
LV Upp_VT Fail
10
30
16
LV Upe_VT
Normal
40
65
40
Min.
Max.
Comment
Minimum Current of VT failure
for LV side
Minimum zero or negative Current of LV VT fail
Maximum phase to earth voltage
of LV VT fail
Maximum phase to phase voltage of LV VT fail
Minimum phase to phase voltage of LV VT normal
Min.
Max.
LV VT FAIL Detect
LV Solid Earth
Setting Title
Unit
Comment
LV VT Failure Detection On/Off
1-On, 0-Off.
LV Earthing mode:
1: Solid earthed system ;
0: isolated system or resistance earthed.
Report
Table 159 Alarm report list
Information
Description
HV VT Fail
MV VT Fail
LV VT Fail
HV VT Fail alarm
MV VT Fail alarm
LV VT Fail alarm
Description
HV VT failure supervision function on
HV VT failure supervision function off
MV VT failure supervision function on
195
Description
MV VT failure supervision function off
LV VT failure supervision function on
LV VT failure supervision function off
Technical data
Item
Minimum current
Minimum zero or negative sequence current
Maximum phase to earth voltage
Maximum phase to phase voltage
Normal phase to earth voltage
196
Range or value
0.08Ir to 0.20Ir, step 0.01A
0.08Ir to 0.20Ir, step 0.01A
Tolerances
3% setting or 0.02Ir
5% setting or 0.02Ir
3% setting or 1 V
3% setting or 1 V
3% setting or 1 V
197
Introduction
Two special binary inputs (BI_Config1, BI_Config2) are provided which can
be used to activate respective binary outputs (BO1 and BO2), according to
the setting applied at Binary settings BI1 Enable BO1 and BI2 Enable BO2.
By applying setting 1-enable to these Binary settings, BO1 will be activated
if BI1 is energized. Similarly, BO2 will be activated if BI2 is energized. Furthermore, 7th LED in front plate of the device would be lighted when BO1 or
BO2 is activated.
Function principle
The external BIs can be used in conjunction with the mechanical protections
of the protected transformer (such as Buchholz, Winding temperature, and so
on). In this context, trip commands of the main and backup mechanical protections can be marshaled to BI1 and BI2, respectively. By doing so, the
output trip commands would be provided at BO1 and BO2 respectively.
Since the trip command of mechanical protection has latched nature, two
operating modes are provided for the Bos activation. The operating modes
include direct and pulse tripping modes. In direct tripping mode, each BO
contact is active as long as respective BI is energized, and after BI disappearance 20ms the BO contacts are deactivated. Whereas in pulse tripping
mode, by each up-edge of BI, respective BO contacts remain active during a
settable pulse time, and after the settable time, the BO contacts are inactive.
The tripping modes can be selected for the BOs by Binary settings BO1
Pulse Tripping and BO2 Pulse Tripping. Pulse tripping mode would be
possible if setting 1-Pulse Tripping is applied to the Binary settings. Similarly,
setting 0-Direct Tripping activates direct tripping mode for respective BOs.
The logic is shown in below figure.
BI Enable BO on
A
N
D
BO Pulse Tripping
BIx up edge
A
N
D
1
0
0
BI trip BO
A
N
D
198
A
N
D
0
BI trip BO
BI Trigger Record
In the IED, it is possible for Binary inputs (BIs) to trigger disturbance record
(DR). The exceptions are Switch SetGroup, Blk Rem Access, Relay Test
and Reset. In this context, each Binary input can be set independently
whether it can trigger DR or not. Further, it is possible to set whether BI triggers DR in its up or down edge. Example logic of BI HV CB Open Status
triggering DR is given in below figure. The same logic is applied for the other
BIs.
BI HV1 CB Open A
Change from 1to 0
Equipment parameter
HV1 CB OPEN STATUS DOWN = 1
A
N
D
O
R
Trigger
Record
A
N
D
199
BI Switch SetGroup
BI Switch SetGroup is used to switch setting group of the device. Both BI
SetGrp Switchand Normal Set Switch are selected by making change in the
content of special Binary setting BI SetGrp Switch which can be set under
Common Para submenu. When the Binary setting is set to 1, BI setting
group switch mode is applied, on the contrary, Normal setting group switch
mode (shortcut key or operate through the menu) is applied. For BI SetGrp
Switch mode, When BI Switch SetGroup is deactivated, the content of Binary setting BI SetGrp Switch is set to 0 and it means that no switching in
setting groups is desired. In this case, Group 1 is applied to the device. When
the BI is activated, the content of Binary setting BI SetGrp Switch is set to 1
and it means that BI SetGrp Switch mode is applied. Thus, the current setting-value would automatically be switched to Group 2. For the other switch
mode, whether the BI is activated or not, setting group change is valid for
shortcut key or operate through the menu.
200
Setting
Table 161 Setting of external BIs to trip BOs
Setting
T_Pulse
Tripping
Unit
Default
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.2
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
5
Setting Title
Setting
Default
options
setting
Comment
st
BI1 Enable
BO1
st
BO1 Pulse
Tripping
1/0
mode
0- BO1 Direct Tripping, without delay
1- BO1 Pulse Tripping, with preset delay time
BI2 Enable
BO2
the 2
nd
nd
1-enable, 0-disable
To select BO2 tripping in pulse mode or in direct
BO2 Pulse
Tripping
1/0
mode
0- BO2 Direct Tripping, without delay
1- BO2 Pulse Tripping, with preset delay time
BI1 Init HV
CBF
BI1 Init MV
CBF
1/0
1/0
Setting
Default
options
setting
Comment
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
BI1 Init LV
CBF
BI2 Init HV
CBF
BI2 Init MV
CBF
BI2 Init LV
CBF
202
1/0
1/0
1/0
1/0
203
Overview
Each IED is provided with a communication interface, enabling it to connect to
one or many substation level systems or equipment.
The following communication protocols are available:
1.1
Protocol
1.1.1
1.1.2
204
1.2
Communication port
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.3
Technical data
205
Data
Number
Connection
Communication speed
9600 baud
15 m
Data
Number
0~2
Connection
2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
1.0 km
Data
Electrical communication port
Number
0~3
Connection
RJ45 connector
Rear port in communication module
100m
100 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
Optical communication port ( optional )
Number
0~3
Connection
SC connector
Rear port in communication module
206
Data
Multi-mode
2.0km
100 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
Time synchronization
Item
Data
Mode
Pulse mode
IRIG-B000
Connection
2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
Voltage levels
differential input
207
2 Typicalcommunication scheme
2.1
Work Station 3
Server or
Work Station 2
Switch
Work Station 4
Switch
Switch
Switch
Switch
Gateway
or
converter
Switch
Gateway
or
converter
2.2
208
SNTP
Ethernet port
IRIG-B
IRIG-B port
Pulse
Binary input
209
210
Chapter 19 Hardware
Chapter 19 Hardware
211
Chapter 19 Hardware
Introduction
3.1
IED structure
The enclosure for equipment is 19 inches in width and 4U in height according
to IEC 60297-3.
and overturn downwards. LCD, LED and setting keys are mounted on the
panel. There is a serial interface on the panel suitable for connecting to PC.
The modules can be combined through the bus on the rear board. Both
the equipment and the other system can be combined through the rear interfaces.
3.2
IED appearance
Chapter 19 Hardware
3.3
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
AIM
AIM
AIM
AIM
COM
BIM
X7
X8
X9
X10
X11
X12
X13
PSM
Power supply module
Spare slot
Spare slot
Communication mod-
ule
Spare slot
Figure 74 Module arrangement front view, when open the front panel
3.4
Test port
X13
PSM
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
Ethernet ports
X7
X6
X5
COM
X3
AIM
X2
AIM
X1
AIM
213
Chapter 19 Hardware
4.1
214
Chapter 19 Hardware
4
CSC-326
4
CSC-326
4.2
LCD
The member of keyboard and display panel is externally arranged similar to a
pocked calculator.
4.3
Keypad
The keypad is used to monitor and operate the IED. The keypad has the
215
Chapter 19 Hardware
same look and feel in all IEDs in the CSC series. LCD screens and other
details may differ but the way the keys function is identical. The keys used to
operate the IED are described below.
Table 163 function of keys of the keypad
Key
SET
function
SET key:
Enters main menu or sub-menu, and confirms the setting changes
QUIT
QUIT key:
Up arrow key:
Moves up in menu
RESET key:
RESET
4.4
Reset LEDs
function
Chapter 19 Hardware
F1
Reserved
F2
F3
Reserved
F4
Reserved
Plus key:
Reserved
Minus key
Switch next setting group backward as active setting group , meaning the number of setting group subtracted one.
4.5
LED
The definitions of the LEDs are fixed and descrbed below.
Table 165 Definition of 8 LEDs
No
LED
Color
Description
Steady lighting: Operation normally
Run
Green
Flashing: IED startup
Steady lighting: Alarm II, meaning abnormal situation,
only the faulty function is out of service. Power supply
for tripping output is not blocked.
Alarm
Red
Flashing: Alarm I, meaning severe internal fault, all
protections are out of service. And power supply for
tripping outputs is blocked as well.
The definitions of the LEDs are fixed and described below for 20 LEDs.
Table 166 Definition of 20 LEDs
No
LED
Color
Description
Steady lighting: Operation normally
Run
Green
Flashing: IED startup
11
Alarm
Red
217
Chapter 19 Hardware
No
LED
Color
Description
for tripping output is not blocked.
Flashing: Alarm I, meaning severe internal fault, all
protections are out of service. And power supply for
tripping outputs is blocked as well.
The other LEDs which are not described above can be configured.
4.6
218
Chapter 19 Hardware
5.1
Introduction
The analogue input module is used to galvanically separate and transform the
secondary currents and voltages generated by the measuring transformers.
There are two types of current transformer: Rated current 5A with linearity
range 50mA150A and rated current 1A with linearity range 100mA30A
(please indicate clearly when order the product).
5.2
b01
a01
b02
a02
b03
a03
b04
a04
b05
a05
b06
a06
b07
a07
b08
a08
b09
a09
b10
a10
b11
a11
b12
a12
Analogue
Remark
219
Chapter 19 Hardware
Input
a01
IA
b01
IA
a02
IB
b02
IB
a03
IC
b03
IC
a04
IN
b04
IN
a05
INM
b05
INM
a06
Null
b06
Null
a07
Null
b07
Null
a08
Null
b08
Null
a09
Null
b09
Null
a10
U4
b10
U4
a11
UB
Star point
b11
UC
Star point
a12
UA
Star point
b12
UN
5.3
Technical data
5.3.1
Rated current Ir
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Standard
IEC 60255-1
Data
1 or 5 A
0.05 Ir to 30 Ir
0.005 to 1 A
220
Chapter 19 Hardware
CT
0.1 VA at Ir = 1 A;
0.5 VA at Ir = 5 A
0.5 VA for sensitive CT
IEC 60255-1
100 Ir for 1 s
IEC 60255-27
4 Ir continuous
IEC 60255-27
100 A for 1 s
sensitive CT
DL/T 478-2001
3 A continuous
5.3.2
Standard
IEC 60255-1
Data
100 V /110 V
0.4 V to 120 V
IEC 60255-27
DL/T 478-2001
Thermal overload capability
IEC 60255-27
(phase-neutral voltage)
DL/T 478-2001
221
Chapter 19 Hardware
Communication module
6.1
Introduction
The communication module performs communication between the internal
protection system and external equipments such as HMI, engineering workstation, substation automation system, RTU, etc., to transmit remote metering,
remote signaling, SOE, event reports and record data.
Up to 3 channels isolated electrical or optical Ethernet ports and up to 2
channels RS485 serial communication ports can be provided in communication module to meet the communication demands of different substation automation system and RTU at the same time.
The time synchronization port is equipped, which can work in pulse mode or
IRIG-B mode. SNTP mode can be applied through communication port.
In addition, a series printer port is also reserved.
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
222
Chapter 19 Hardware
work in parallel for protocol, IEC61850 or IEC60870-5-103.
6.2.4
6.3
Ethernet port A
03
04
05
06
07
Ethernet port B
08
09
10
11
Ethernet port C
12
13
14
15
16
Definition
01
Null
02
Null
03
Null
04
Null
223
Chapter 19 Hardware
05
06
07
08
09
Time synchronization
10
11
Null
12
Null
13
Null
14
Null
15
Null
16
Null
Ethernet
Port A
Ethernet
Port B
Ethernet
Port C
6.4
Operating reports
Information
Description
DI Comm Fail
DI communication error
DO Comm Fail
DO communication error
6.5
Technical data
6.5.1
Data
Number
Connection
224
Chapter 19 Hardware
Communication speed
9600 baud
15 m
6.5.2
Data
Number
0 to 2
Connection
2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
1.0 km
Test voltage
6.5.3
Data
Electrical communication port
Number
0 to 3
Connection
RJ45 connector
Rear port in communication module
100m
100 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
Optical communication port ( optional )
Number
0 to 2
Connection
SC connector
Rear port in communication module
Multi-mode
2.0km
100 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
225
Chapter 19 Hardware
6.5.4
Time synchronization
Item
Data
Mode
Pulse mode
IRIG-B000
Connection
2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
Voltage levels
226
differential input
Chapter 19 Hardware
7.1
Introduction
The binary input module is used to connect the input signals and alarm signals such as the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker (CB), etc.
The negative terminal of power supply for BI module, 220V or 110V, should
be connected to the terminal.
7.2
c02
a02
c04
a04
c06
a06
c08
a08
c10
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
a20
c22
a22
c24
a24
c26
a26
c28
a28
c30
a30
c32
DC -
DC -
a32
227
Chapter 19 Hardware
Table 169 Definition of terminals of BIM A
228
Terminal
Definition
Remark
a02
BI1
BI group 1
c02
BI2
BI group 2
a04
BI3
BI group 1
c04
BI4
BI group 2
a06
BI5
BI group 1
c06
BI6
BI group 2
a08
BI7
BI group 1
c08
BI8
BI group 2
a10
BI9
BI group 1
c10
BI10
BI group 2
a12
BI11
BI group 1
c12
BI12
BI group 2
a14
BI13
BI group 1
c14
BI14
BI group 2
a16
BI15
BI group 1
c16
BI16
BI group 2
a18
BI17
BI group 1
c18
BI18
BI group 2
a20
BI19
BI group 1
c20
BI20
BI group 2
a22
BI21
BI group 1
c22
BI22
BI group 2
a24
BI23
BI group 1
c24
BI24
BI group 2
a26
BI25
BI group 1
c26
BI26
BI group 2
a28
BI27
BI group 1
c28
BI28
BI group 2
a30
BI29
BI group 1
c30
BI30
BI group 2
a32
DC - Input
c32
DC - Input
Chapter 19 Hardware
7.3
Technical data
Item
Standard
IEC60255-1
Data
110/125 V DC
220/250 V DC
IEC60255-1
ation
Threshold2: uncertain opera-
tion
Response time/reset time
IEC60255-1
IEC60255-1
229
Chapter 19 Hardware
8.1
Introduction
The binary output modules mainly provide tripping output contacts, initiating
output contacts and signaling output contacts. All the tripping output relays
have contacts with a high switching capacity and are blocked by protection
startup elements.
Each output relay can be configured to satisfy the demands of users.
8.2
8.2.1
230
Chapter 19 Hardware
R
1
R
3
R
5
R
7
R
9
R
11
R
13
R
15
c02
a02
c04
a04
c06
a06
c08
a08
c10
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
a20
c22
a22
c24
a24
c26
a26
c28
a28
c30
a30
c32
a32
R
2
R
4
R
6
R
8
R
10
R
12
R
14
R
16
231
Chapter 19 Hardware
Table 170 Definition of terminals of BOM A
232
Terminal
Definition
Related relay
a02
Output relay 1
c02
Output relay 1
a04
Output relay 2
c04
Output relay 2
a06
Output relay 3
c06
Output relay 3
a08
Output relay 4
c08
Output relay 4
a10
Output relay 5
c10
Output relay 5
a12
Output relay 6
c12
Output relay 6
a14
Output relay 7
c14
Output relay 7
a16
Output relay 8
c16
Output relay 8
a18
Output relay 9
c18
Output relay 9
a20
Output relay 10
c20
Output relay 10
a22
Output relay 11
c22
Output relay 11
a24
Output relay 12
c24
Output relay 12
a26
Output relay 13
c26
Output relay 13
a28
Output relay 14
c28
Output relay 14
a30
Output relay 15
c30
Output relay 15
a32
Output relay 16
c32
Output relay 16
Chapter 19 Hardware
Binary Output Module C
8.2.2
The module provides 16 output relays for signal, with total 19 contacts.
R
4
R
5
R
1
R
2
R
3
R
6
R
7
c02
a02
c04
a04
c06
a06
c08
a08
c10
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
a20
c22
a22
c24
a24
c26
a26
c28
a28
c30
a30
c32
a32
R
8
R
9
R
10
R
11
R
12
R
13
R
14
R
15
R
16
Definition
a02
c02
Related relay
233
Chapter 19 Hardware
8.3
a04
Output relay 1
c04
Output relay 1
a06
Output relay 2
c06
Output relay 2
a08
Output relay 3
c08
Output relay 3
a10
c10
a12
Output relay 4
c12
Output relay 7
a14
Output relay 5
c14
Output relay 6
a16
Output relay 8
c16
Output relay 8
a18
Output relay 9
c18
Output relay 9
a20
Output relay 10
c20
Output relay 10
a22
Output relay 11
c22
Output relay 11
a24
Output relay 12
c24
Output relay 12
a26
Output relay 13
c26
Output relay 13
a28
Output relay 14
c28
Output relay 14
a30
Output relay 15
c30
Output relay 15
a32
Output relay 16
c32
Output relay 16
Technical data
Item
234
Standard
Data
Chapter 19 Hardware
Item
Standard
Data
IEC60255-1
250V DC/AC
IEC60255-1
5 A continuous,
42A1s ON, 9s OFF
Making capacity
IEC60255-1
Breaking capacity
IEC60255-1
1000 cycles
DC220V, 0.15A t=L/R40 ms
DC110V, 0.30A t=L/R40 ms
IEC60255-1
ance
Specification state verification
50,000,000 cycles (3 Hz
switching frequency)
IEC60255-1
UL/CSATV
IEC60255-23
IEC61810-1
Contact circuit resistance
IEC60255-1
measurement
IEC60255-23
30m
IEC61810-1
Open Contact insulation test
IEC60255-1
IEC60255-27
IEC60255-1
AC1000V 1min
55
and materials
235
Chapter 19 Hardware
9.1
Introduction
The power supply module is used to provide the correct internal voltages and
full isolation between the terminal and the battery system. Its power input is
DC 220V or 110V (according to the order code), and its outputs are five
groups of power supply.
(1) 24V two groups provided:
nary inputs of the CPU module
(2) 12V:
9.2
a
DC 24V +
OUTPUTS
a08
c08
DC 24V OUTPUTS
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
c22
AUX.DC +
INPUT
c24
c26
c28
236
a04
a06
c06
c10
a02
a20
a22
a24
AUX. DC INPUT
a26
a28
c30
a30
c32
a32
Chapter 19 Hardware
Figure 83 Terminals arrangement of PSM
Table 172 Definition of terminals of PSM
Terminal
Definition
a02
c02
a04
c04
a06
c06
a08
c08
a10
c10
a12
c12
a14
c14
a16
c16
a18
c18
a20
c20
a22
c22
a24
c24
a26
c26
a28
c28
a30
c30
a32
237
Chapter 19 Hardware
c32
9.3
Technical data
Item
Data
110~250V DC
Permissible tolerance
%20 Uaux
Power consumption
Normal operation
30 W
Tripping condition
50 W
238
Chapter 19 Hardware
10
Techinical data
10.1
Basic data
10.1.1
Frequency
Item
Data
10.1.2
50 Hz or 60Hz
Data
Rated current Ir
1 or 5 A
(0.05 20)x Ir
0.1 VA at Ir = 1 A;
0.5 VA at Ir = 5 A
100 x Ir for 1 s
4 x Ir continuous
10.1.3
Data
100-120
0.4 V to 120 V
voltage)
1.5Vr, continuous
10.1.4
Auxiliary voltage
Item
Standard
Data
IEC60255-1
110 to 250V DC
Permissible tolerance
IEC60255-1
%20 Uaux
239
Chapter 19 Hardware
Item
Standard
Data
IEC60255-1
50 W
IEC60255-1
60 W
IEC60255-1
T 10 ms/I 25 A
cent state
Power consumption at maximum load
Inrush Current
10.1.5
Binary inputs
Item
Standard
IEC60255-1
Data
110/125 V DC
220/250 V DC
IEC60255-1
ation
IEC60255-1
tion
IEC60255-1
IEC60255-1
gized
10.1.6
Binary outputs
Item
Standard
Data
IEC60255-1
250V DC/AC
IEC60255-1
5 A continuous,
42A1s ON, 9s OFF
Making capacity
IEC60255-1
Breaking capacity
IEC60255-1
1000 cycles
DC220V, 0.15A t=L/R40 ms
DC110V, 0.30A t=L/R40 ms
IEC60255-1
ance
Specification state verification
switching frequency)
IEC60255-1
IEC60255-23
240
50,000,000 cycles (3 Hz
UL/CSATV
Chapter 19 Hardware
Item
Standard
Data
IEC61810-1
IEC60255-1
measurement
IEC60255-23
30m
IEC61810-1
Open Contact insulation test
IEC60255-1
IEC60255-27
IEC60255-1
AC1000V 1min
55
and materials
10.2
Type tests
10.2.1
Standard
Data
IEC60255-27
Category III
Pollution degree
IEC60255-27
Degree 2
Insulation
IEC60255-27
Basic insulation
IEC60255-27
IEC 60529
IEC 60255-5
2KV, 50Hz
withstand test
ANSI C37.90
2.8kV DC
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
IEC60255-5
IEC 60255-27
Chapter 19 Hardware
Item
Standard
Data
ANSI C37.90
1kV if Ui<63V
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
circuits:
auxiliary power supply
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
case earth
Note: Ui: Rated voltage
Insulation resistance
IEC60255-5
IEC 60255-27
ANSI C37.90
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
IEC60255-27
0.1
Fire withstand/flammability
IEC60255-27
Class V2
10.2.2
Standard
Data
IEC60255-22-1
class III
IEC60255-26
2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
IEC61000-4-18
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1
Electrostatic discharge
IEC 60255-22-2
Level 4
IEC 61000-4-2
8 kV contact discharge;
15 kV air gap discharge;
both polarities; 150 pF; Ri = 330
IEC 60255-22-3
frequency sweep:
80 MHz 1 GHz; 1.4 GHz 2.7 GHz
spot frequencies:
242
Chapter 19 Hardware
Item
Standard
Data
80 MHz; 160 MHz; 380 MHz;
450 MHz; 900 MHz; 1850 MHz;
2150 MHz
10 V/m
AM, 80%, 1 kHz
IEC 60255-22-3
disturbance test
pulse-modulated
10 V/m, 900 MHz; repetition rate
200 Hz, on duration 50 %
IEC 60255-22-4,
class A, 4KV
munity test
IEC 61000-4-4
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1
IEC 60255-22-5
4.0kV L-E
IEC 61000-4-5
2.0kV L-L
Tested on the following circuits:
auxiliary power supply
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
2.0kV L-E
Tested on the following circuits:
communication ports
IEC 60255-22-6
IEC 61000-4-6
MHz
spot frequencies: 27 MHz and
68 MHz
10 V
AM, 80%, 1 kHz
IEC60255-22-7
Class A
300 V CM
150 V DM
IEC 61000-4-8
test
100 kHz burst immunity test
level 4
30 A/m cont. / 300 A/m 1 s to 3 s
IEC61000-4-18
2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
243
Chapter 19 Hardware
Item
Standard
Data
Tested on the following circuits:
auxiliary power supply
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
1 kV CM ; 0 kV DM
Tested on the following circuits:
communication ports
10.2.3
DC voltage dips
Standard
IEC 60255-11
Data
100% reduction 80 ms
60% reduction 200 ms
30% reduction 500 ms
DC voltage interruptions
IEC 60255-11
100% reduction 5 s
DC voltage ripple
IEC 60255-11
IEC 60255-11
/start-up
10.2.4
IEC 60255-11
1 min
Radiated emission
Conducted emission
Standard
Data
IEC60255-25
CISPR22
up to 5 GHz)
IEC60255-25
0.15MHz to 30MHz
CISPR22
10.2.5
Mechanical tests
Item
Standard
IEC60255-21-1
Data
class 1
10 Hz to 60 Hz: 0.075 mm
60 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
244
Chapter 19 Hardware
Item
Standard
Data
1 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay energized
IEC60255-21-1
ance test
class 1
10 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
20 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay non-energized
IEC60255-21-2
class 1
5 g, 11 ms duration
3 shocks in both directions of 3
axes
Relay energized
IEC60255-21-2
class 1
15 g, 11 ms duration
3 shocks in both directions of 3
axes
Relay non-energized
Bump test
IEC60255-21-2
class 1
10 g, 16 ms duration
1000 shocks in both directions of
3 axes
Relay non-energized
Seismic test
IEC60255-21-3
class 1
X-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 7.5 mm
X-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :2 g
Y-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 3.75 mm
Y-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :1 g
1 sweep cycle in each axis,
Relay energized
10.2.6
Climatic tests
Item
Standard
IEC60255-27
Data
-10C, 16 hours, rated load
IEC60068-2-1
Cold test Storage
IEC60255-27
-25C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-1
Dry heat test Operation
[IEC60255-27
IEC60068-2-2
245
Chapter 19 Hardware
Item
Standard
IEC60255-27
Data
+70C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-2
Change of temperature
Damp heat static test
Damp heat cyclic test
10.2.7
IEC60255-27
IEC60068-2-14
-10C / +55C
IEC60255-27
IEC60068-2-78
load
IEC60255-27
IEC60068-2-30
load
CE Certificate
Item
EMC Directive
10.3
Data
IED design
Item
Data
Case size
4U19inch
Weight
8kg
246
Chapter 20 Appendix
Chapter 20 Appendix
247
Chapter 20 Appendix
1.1
Setting
Unit
HV Wind Conn/Y
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
0
MV Wind Conn/Y
LV Wind Conn/Y
MVA
1.000
3000.
120.0
SN
kV
1.000
1000.
220.0
HV VT Ratio
MVA
1.000
9999.
2200.0
50.00
9999.
1200.0
HV CT Pri
CT Primary(PRI) current in
HV side
1.000
5.000
1.0
HV CT Sec
CT Secondary(SEC) current
in HV side
HV Voltage Chan
Sel
MV Voltage Chan
Sel
50.00
9999.
1200.0
HV NCT Pri(REF)
1.000
5.000
1.0
HV NCT Sec(REF)
HV NCT Pri(BU)
248
50.00
9999.
1200.0
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
ry(PRI) current in HV side
for backup protection
1.000
5.000
1.0
HV NCT Sec(BU)
kV
1.000
1000.
110.0
MV UN
1.000
9999.
1100.0
MV VT Ratio
50.00
9999.
1200.0
MV CT Pri
CT Primary(PRI) current in
MV side
1.000
5.000
1.0
MV CT Sec
CT Secondary(SEC) current
in MV side
50.00
9999.
1200.0
MV NCT Pri(REF)
1.000
5.000
1.0
MV NCT Sec(REF)
50.00
9999.
1200.0
MV NCT Pri(BU)
1.000
5.000
1.0
MV NCT Sec(BU)
kV
1.000
1000.
10.50
LV UN
voltage (LV)side
1.000
9999.
105.0
LV VT Ratio
A
50.00
9999.
3000.0
CT Primary(PRI) current in
LV side
1.000
5.000
1.0
LV CT Sec
CT Secondary(SEC) current
in LV side
1.000
5.000
Delta
HV Rated Cur Pri
LV CT Pri
LV Sec Inside
1.0
9999
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
HV side (calculated value,
read only)
9999
9999
9999
9999
protection (calculated
value, read only)
0
9999
9999
9999
9999
I_Inst Diff
250
0.5Ir
20Ir
20
Instantaneous Differential
(ID>>) current setting
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.08Ir
4Ir
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
2.1
I_Percent Diff
Percentage Differential
(ID>) current setting
0.1Ir
Ir
I_ResPoint1 Diff
0.1Ir
10Ir
I_ResPoint2 Diff
Slope1_Diff
0.2
0.2
Slope2_Diff
0.2
0.7
0.5
Slope3_Diff
0.25
0.95
0.7
Ratio_2nd Harm
0.05
0.80
0.15
0.05
0.80
0.35
Ratio_3/5th Harm
ratio
s
20
20
20
20
T_3/5th Harm
Block
0.08Ir
2Ir
HV 3I0_REF
0.2
0.95
0.5
HV Slope_REF
60
0.03
HV T_REF Trip
0.08Ir
2Ir
HV 3I0_REF Alarm
60
0.03
HV T_REF Alarm
MV 3I0_REF
0.08Ir
2Ir
251
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
stricted Earth Fault protection
0.2
0.95
0.5
MV Slope_REF
60
0.03
MV T_REF Trip
MV 3I0_REF
0.08Ir
2Ir
Alarm
60
0.03
MV T_REF Alarm
0.08Ir
2Ir
LV 3I0_REF
0.2
0.95
0.5
LV Slope_REF
60
0.03
LV T_REF Trip
0.08Ir
2Ir
LV 3I0_REF Alarm
s
60
0.03
40
130
57.3
1.5
1.1
V/F_Definite Alarm
Alarming setting of
volt/hertz
0.1
9999
10
T_Definite Alarm
1.5
1.2
V/F_Definite Trip
0.1
9999
T_Definite Trip
0.1
9999
10
V/F=1.05
252
Reference Voltage
T2_Inverse
LV T_REF Alarm
T1_Inverse
0.1
9999
90
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
V/F=1.10
T3_Inverse
volt/hertz=1.10
s
0.1
9999
80
V/F=1.15
T4_Inverse
0.1
9999
70
0.1
9999
60
0.1
9999
50
0.1
9999
45
0.1
9999
40
0.1
9999
35
V/F=1.45
T10_Inverse
V/F=1.40
T9_Inverse
V/F=1.35
T8_Inverse
V/F=1.30
T7_Inverse
V/F=1.25
T6_Inverse
V/F=1.20
T5_Inverse
Description
0.1
9999
30
V/F=1.50
0.1
9999
25
T_Cool Down
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV I_OC1
60
60
HV T_OC1
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV I_OC2
60
60
HV T_OC2
HV Curve_OC Inv
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV I_OC Inv
Curves
0.05
999
HV K_OC Inv
s
HV A_OC Inv
200
0.14
253
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
60
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
0
HV B_OC Inv
10
0.02
HV P_OC Inv
90
45
HV Angle_OC
0.25Ir
20Ir
HV
Imax_2H_UnBlk
0.5
0.2
HV Ratio_I2/I1
60
20
HV T2h_Cross_Blk
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV I_OC1
60
60
MV T_OC1
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV I_OC2
60
60
MV T_OC2
MV Curve_OC Inv
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV I_OC Inv
Curves
0.05
999
MV K_OC Inv
s
200
0.14
60
MV B_OC Inv
254
MV A_OC Inv
MV P_OC Inv
10
0.02
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
90
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
45
MV Angle_OC
0.25Ir
20Ir
MV
Imax_2H_UnBlk
0.5
0.2
MV Ratio_I2/I1
60
20
MV
T2h_Cross_Blk
protection
A
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV I_OC1
60
60
LV T_OC1
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV I_OC2
60
60
LV T_OC2
MV Curve_OC Inv
12
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV I_OC Inv
Curves
0.05
999
LV K_OC Inv
s
200
0.14
60
LV B_OC Inv
10
0.02
LV P_OC Inv
90
45
LV Angle_OC
Imax_2H_UnBlk
LV A_OC Inv
LV
0.25Ir
20Ir
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
remove the inrush block, in
LV O/C protection
0.07
0.5
0.2
LV Ratio_I2/I1
60
20
LV T2h_Cross_Blk
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV 3I0_EF1
60
60
HV T_EF1
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV 3I0_EF2
60
60
HV T_EF2
12
HV Curve_EF Inv
0.05Ir
20Ir
1.2
HV 3I0_EF Inv
0.05
999
HV K_EF Inv
200
0.14
HV A_EF Inv
60
HV B_EF Inv
10
0.02
HV P_EF Inv
90
45
HV Angle_EF
0.25Ir
20Ir
HV
Imax_2H_UnBlk_E
HV EF protection
HV Ratio_I2/I1_EF
256
0.07
0.5
0.2
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
-harmonic current setting to
remove the inrush block, in
HV EF protection
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV 3I0_EF1
60
60
MV T_EF1
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV 3I0_EF2
60
60
MV T_EF2
12
MV Curve_EF Inv
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV 3I0_EF Inv
0.05
999
MV K_EF Inv
200
0.14
MV A_EF Inv
60
MV B_EF Inv
10
0.02
MV P_EF Inv
90
45
MV Angle_EF
0.25Ir
20Ir
MV
Imax_2H_UnBlk_E
MV E/F protection
0.07
0.5
0.2
MV Ratio_I2/I1_EF
A
LV 3I0_EF1
0.05Ir
20Ir
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
60
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
60
LV T_EF1
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV 3I0_EF2
60
60
LV T_EF2
12
LV Curve_EF Inv
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV 3I0_EF Inv
0.05
999
LV K_EF Inv
200
0.14
LV A_EF Inv
60
LV B_EF Inv
10
0.02
LV P_EF Inv
90
45
LV Angle_EF
0.25Ir
20Ir
LV
Imax_2H_UnBlk_E
LV E/F protection
0.07
0.5
0.2
LV Ratio_I2/I1_EF
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV 3I0_Neutral
HV neutral over-current
(NOC) protection current
OC1
60
60
HV T_Neutral OC1
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV 3I0_Neutral
HV neutral over-current
(NOC) protection current
OC2
60
60
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
Stage 1
HV Curve_NOC
12
Inv
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV 3I0_NOC Inv
0.05
999
HV K_NOC Inv
200
0.14
HV A_NOC Inv
60
HV B_NOC Inv
10
0.02
HV P_NOC Inv
90
45
HV Angle_NOC
0.25Ir
20Ir
HV
Imax_2H_UnBlk_
NOC
HV NOC protection
0.07
0.5
0.2
HV Ra-
tio_I2/I1_NOC
protection
A
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV 3I0_Neutral
MV neutral over-current
(NOC) protection current
OC1
60
60
MV T_Neutral OC1
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV 3I0_Neutral
MV neutral over-current
(NOC) protection current
OC2
60
60
MV T_Neutral OC2
Stage 1
1
MV Curve_NOC
12
Inv
A
MV 3I0_NOC Inv
0.05Ir
20Ir
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.05
999
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
1
MV K_NOC Inv
200
0.14
MV A_NOC Inv
60
MV B_NOC Inv
10
0.02
MV P_NOC Inv
90
45
MV Angle_NOC
0.25Ir
20Ir
MV
Imax_2H_UnBlk_
NOC
MV NOC protection
0.07
0.5
0.2
MV Ra-
tio_I2/I1_NOC
NOC protection
A
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV 3I0_Neutral
LV neutral over-current
(NOC) protection current
OC1
60
60
LV T_Neutral OC1
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV 3I0_Neutral
LV neutral over-current
(NOC) protection current
OC2
60
60
LV T_Neutral OC2
Stage 1
1
12
LV Curve_NOC Inv
A
0.05Ir
20Ir
0.05
999
LV K_NOC Inv
200
0.14
LV A_NOC Inv
260
LV 3I0_NOC Inv
LV B_NOC Inv
60
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
Curves
10
0.02
LV P_NOC Inv
90
45
LV Angle_NOC
0.25Ir
20Ir
LV
Imax_2H_UnBlk_
NOC
LV NOC protection
0.07
0.5
0.2
LV Ra-
tio_I2/I1_NOC
protection
HV I_Therm OL
0.1Ir
5Ir
Trip
0.1Ir
5Ir
HV I_Therm OL
Alarm
rent
HV T_Const
9999
10
Therm
HV T_Const Cool
9999
10
Down
MV I_Therm OL
0.1Ir
5Ir
Trip
0.1Ir
5Ir
MV I_Therm OL
Alarm
rent
MV T_Const
9999
10
Therm
MV T_Const Cool
9999
10
Down
A
MV I_OverLoad
0.1Ir
4Ir
HV I_OverLoad
HV T_OverLoad
Overcurrent Setting of
overload
0.1
3600
10
0.1Ir
4Ir
Overcurrent Setting of
overload
261
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
MV T_OverLoad
Default
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.1
3600
10
0.1Ir
4Ir
Overcurrent Setting of
Unit
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
LV I_OverLoad
LV T_OverLoad
Description
overload
s
0.1
3600
10
0.1Ir
4Ir
20
LW I_OvLd Alarm
0.1
3600
10
LW T_OvLd Alarm
LW I_OvLd Low
0.1Ir
4Ir
20
Trip
LW T_OvLd Low
setting
s
0.1
3600
10
Trip
LW I_OvLd High
0.1Ir
4Ir
20
0.1
3600
10
40
200
200
HV U_OV1
60
60
HV T_OV1
40
200
200
HV U_OV2
60
60
HV T_OV2
0.9
0.99
0.95
HV Dropout_OV
40
200
200
MV U_OV1
60
60
MV T_OV1
40
200
200
MV U_OV2
262
Trip
MV T_OV2
Trip
LW T_OvLd High
60
60
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.9
0.99
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
0.95
MV Dropout_OV
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV I_CBF OC
0.05Ir
20Ir
protection
HV 3I2_CBF NS
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV 3I0_CBF ZS
3I 0
CBF protection
s
32
10
HV T1_CBF
0.1
32
10
HV T2_CBF
0.05Ir
20Ir
MVI_CBF OC
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV 3I2_CBF NS
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV 3I0_CBF ZS
3I 0
value for MV
CBF protection
s
32
10
MV T1_CBF
0.1
32
10
MV T2_CBF
0.05Ir
20Ir
LV I_CBF OC
A
LV 3I2_CBF NS
0.05Ir
20Ir
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.05Ir
20Ir
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
5
LV 3I0_CBF ZS
3I 0
value for LV
CBF protection
s
32
10
LV T1_CBF
0.1
32
10
LV T2_CBF
HV T_Dead Zone
32
10
MV T_Dead Zone
32
10
LV T_Dead Zone
32
10
0.05Ir
20Ir
100
HV I_STUB
60
60
HV T_STUB
0.05Ir
20Ir
100
MV I_STUB
60
60
MV T_STUB
0.05Ir
20Ir
100
LV I_STUB
60
60
LV T_STUB
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV 3I0_PD
0.05Ir
20Ir
HV 3I2_PD
60
10
HV T_PD
ance protection
A
MV 3I0_PD
264
0.05Ir
20Ir
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
Description
A)
ance protection
0.05Ir
20Ir
MV 3I2_PD
60
10
MV T_PD
ance protection
A
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.05
HV I_VT Fail
A
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.5
20
10
30
16
40
65
40
mal
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.05
MV I_VT Fail
Minimum Current of VT
failure for MV side
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.5
MV 3I02_VT Fail
20
MV Upe_VT Fail
10
30
16
MV Upp_VT Fail
40
65
40
mal
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.05
LV I_VT Fail
Minimum Current of VT
failure for LV side
0.05Ir
0.2Ir
0.5
LV 3I02_VT Fail
20
LV Upe_VT Fail
10
30
16
LV Upp_VT Fail
mal
HV Upp_VT Fail
LV Upe_VT Nor-
HV Upe_VT Fail
MV Upe_VT Nor-
Minimum Current of VT
failure for HV side
HV 3I02_ VT Fail
HV Upe_VT Nor-
40
65
40
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
(Ir:5A/1
(Ir:5A/1
A)
A)
0.2
Default
setting
(Ir:5A/1
A)
5
T_Pulse Tripping
1.2
Description
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
Autotransformer not comm
on transformer
Auto Trans
1-autotransformer ;
0- not autotransformer
Two-Wind Trans
Two-winding(TWO WIND )
not three -winding
0
trans-
former (TRANS)
1-two-winding trans;
0-three-winding trans
CT Fail Detect
Setting
Func_Inst Diff
Func_Percent Diff
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Wave
Block Diff at
Overexcit
ential protection
1-block; 0-not block.
Overexcitation stabilization
judgement
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
3rd or 5th harmonic (HAR)
inhibit on
1-3rd harmonic; 0-5th harmonic.
Func_Diff Alarm
Alarming on
1-on; 0-off.
Block Diff at
CT_Fail
HV D_side Eliminate I0
MV D_side Eliminate I0
LV D_side Eliminate I0
Diff Includes LV
LV current is included in
Cur
protection.
1- Diff Includes LV Cur;
0-Diff NOT Includes LV Cur
HV Func_REF Trip
trip-stage ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV Func_REF
Alarm
Alarm-stage ON
1-on; 0-off.
Block HV REF at
HV CT_Fail
failure,
1-Block;0-unblock
MV Func_REF Trip
MV Func_REF
Alarm
Alarm-stage ON
1-on; 0-off.
267
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Block MV REF at
MV CT_Fail
Description
Block MV REF when CT
failure,
1-Block;0-unblock
LV Func_REF Trip
LV Func_REF
Alarm
Alarm-stage ON
1-on; 0-off.
Block LV REF at
LV CT_Fail
ure,
1-Block;0-unblock
HV
Func_Overexcit
MV
Func_Overexcit
LV Func_Overexcit
Func_Overexcit
Alarm Def
HV Overexcitation (V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
MV Overexcitation (V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
LV Overexcitation (V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
Definite Overexcitation (V/F)
Alarming on
1-on; 0-off.
Func_Overexcit
Trip Def
Definite (DEF)Overexcitation
0
(V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
Func_Overexcit
Trip Inv
Inverse (IVR)Overexcitation
0
(V/F) on
1-on; 0-off.
V/F Volt-
Overexcitation protection
age(0-VPP,1-VPN)
HV Func_OC1
(OC_1) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV OC1 Direction
HV OC Stage 1 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
268
Direction unit of HV OC
Stage 1 points to system
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
0 - point to the protected
transformer
1- point to system
HV OC1 Inrush
Block
tion HV OC Stage 1 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV Func_OC2
(OC_2) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV OC2 Direction
HV OC Stage 2 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of HV OC
Stage 2 points to system
0
HV OC2 Inrush
Block
tion HV OC Stage 2 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV Func_OC Inv
stage of HV OC protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV OC Inv Direction
HV OC Inv Dir To
Direction unit of HV OC
Sys
system
0 - point to the protected
transformer
1- point to system
HV OC Inv Inrush
Block
269
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
1-on; 0-off.
Block HV OC at
HV VT_Fail
when HV VT fails
0- HV Direct OK at HV VT
Fail
1- Blk HV OC at HV VT Fail
HV OC Initiate LV
CBF
HV OC protection initiate LV
0
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
HV OC Initiate MV
CBF
HV OC protection initiate MV
0
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
MV Func_OC1
(OC_1) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC1 Direction
MV OC Stage 1 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC1 Dir To
Direction unit of MV OC
Sys
MV OC1 Inrush
Block
tion MV OC Stage 1 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV Func_OC2
(OC_2) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC2 Direction
MV OC Stage 2 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC2 Dir To
Sys
Direction unit of MV OC
0
270
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
transformer
1- point to system
MV OC2 Inrush
Block
tion MV OC Stage 2 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV Func_OC Inv
stage of MV OC protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV OC Inv Direction
MV OC Inv Dir To
Direction unit of MV OC
Sys
system
0 - point to the protected
transformer
1- point to system
MV OC Inv Inrush
Block
Block MV OC at
MV VT_Fail
when MV VT fails
0- MV Direct OK at MV VT
Fail
1- Blk MV OC at MV VT Fail
MV OC Initiate
HV1 CBF
MV OC protection initiate
0
LV Func_OC1
(OC_1) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV OC1 Direction
LV OC Stage 1 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
271
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
Direction unit of LV OC
Stage 1 points to system
LV OC1 Inrush
Block
tion LV OC Stage 1 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV Func_OC2
(OC_2) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV OC2 Direction
LV OC Stage 2 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of LV OC
Stage 2 points to system
0
LV OC2 Inrush
Block
tion LV OC Stage 2 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV Func_OC Inv
stage of LV OC protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV OC Inv Direction
LV OC Inv Dir To
Direction unit of LV OC
Sys
system
0 - point to the protected
transformer
1- point to system
LV OC Inv Inrush
272
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Block
Description
tion LV OC IDMTL inverse
time is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Block LV OC at LV
VT_Fail
when LV VT fails
0- LV Direct OK at LV VT Fail
1- Blk LV OC at LV VT Fail
LV OC Initiate HV1
CBF
LV OC protection initiate
0
HV Func_EF1
HV EF1 Direction
HV EF Stage 1 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of HV EF
Stage 1 points to system
0
HV EF1 Inrush
Block
tion HV EF Stage 1 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV Func_EF2
HV EF2 Direction
HV EF Stage 2 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of HV EF
Stage 2 points to system
0
273
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
HV EF2 Inrush
Block
Description
Inrush 2nd harmonic detec-
tion HV EF Stage 2 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV Func_EF Inv
stage of HV EF protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV EF Inv Direction
HV EF Inv Dir To
Direction unit of HV EF
Sys
system
0 - point to the protected
transformer
1- point to system
HV EF Inv Inrush
Block
Block HV EF at HV
VT_Fail
when HV VT fails
0 - HV Direct OK at HV VT
Fail
1 - Blk HV EF at HV VT Fail
Block HV EF at HV
CT_Fail
HV CT failure
1-Block; 0-NOT block
HV EF Initiate LV
CBF
HV EF protection initiate LV
0
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
HV EF Initiate MV
CBF
HV EF protection initiate MV
0
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
MV Func_EF1
274
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
MV EF1 Direction
Description
Direction (DIR) detection of
MV EF Stage 1 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of MV EF
Stage 1 points to system
0
MV EF1 Inrush
Block
tion MV EF Stage 1 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV Func_EF2
MV EF2 Direction
MV EF Stage 2 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
Direction unit of MV EF
Stage 2 points to system
0
MV EF2 Inrush
Block
tion MV EF Stage 2 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV Func_EF Inv
stage of MV EF protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV EF Inv Direction
MV EF Inv Dir To
Sys
Direction unit of MV EF
0
275
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
0 - point to the protected
transformer
1- point to system
MV EF Inv Inrush
Block
Block MV EF at
MV VT_Fail
when MV VT fails
0 - MV Direct OK at MV VT
Fail
1 - Blk MV EF at MV VT Fail
Block MV EF at
MV CT_Fail
MV CT failure
1-Block; 0-NOT block
MV EF Initiate HV
CBF
MV EF protection initiate
0
LV Func_EF1
LV EF1 Direction
LV EF Stage 1 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV EF1 Inrush
Block
tion LV EF Stage 1 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV Func_EF2
LV EF2 Direction
276
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
LV EF Stage 2 is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV EF2 Inrush
Block
tion LV EF Stage 2 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV Func_EF Inv
stage of LV EF protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV EF Inv Direction
LV EF Inv Dir To
Direction unit of LV EF
Sys
system
0 - point to the protected
transformer
1- point to system
LV EF Inv Inrush
Block
Block LV EF at LV
VT_Fail
when LV VT fails
0 - LV Direct OK at LV VT
Fail
1 - Blk LV EF at LV VT Fail
Block LV EF at LV
CT_Fail
LV CT failure
1-Block; 0-NOT block
LV EF Initiate HV
CBF
277
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
HV Func_Neu
OC1
OC (OC_1) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV neutral OC Stage 1 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
To Sys
HV Func_Neu
OC2
OC (OC_2) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV neutral OC Stage 2 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
To Sys
HV Func_Neu OC
Inv
HV Neu OC Inv
Direction
278
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
verse time stage is switched
ON
1-on; 0-off.
To Sys
HV Neu OC Inv
Inrush Block
Block HV NOC at
HV VT_Fail
0 - HV Direct OK at HV VT
Fail
1 - Blk HV NOC at HV VT
Fail
HV Neu OC Init
MV CBF
HV neutral OC protection
0
MV Func_Neu
OC1
OC (OC_1) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV neutral OC Stage 1 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
To Sys
279
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
MV Func_Neu
OC2
Description
The 2nd stage of MV neutral
OC (OC_2) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV neutral OC Stage 2 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
To Sys
MV Func_Neu OC
Inv
stage of MV neutral OC
protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV Neu OC Inv
Direction
To Sys
MV Neu OC Inv
Inrush Block
Block MV NOC at
MV VT_Fail
280
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
Fail
1 - Blk MV NOC at MV VT
Fail
MV Neu OC Init
MV CBF
MV neutral OC protection
0
LV Func_Neu OC1
OC (OC_1) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV neutral OC Stage 1 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Sys
LV Func_Neu OC2
OC (OC_2) protection is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV neutral OC Stage 2 is
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
Sys
LV Func_Neu OC
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Inv
Description
stage of LV neutral OC protection is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV Neu OC Inv
Direction
To Sys
LV Neu OC Inv
Inrush Block
Block LV NOC at
LV VT_Fail
LV Neu OC Init LV
CBF
LV neutral OC protection
0
HV Func_Thermal
OvLd
is switched on
0 - OFF, 1 - ON
HV Cold Curve
type
0 Hot curve, 1 Cold curve
HV Thermal Init LV
CBF
HV Thermal Init
MV CBF
MV Func_Thermal
282
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
OvLd
Description
is switched on
0 - OFF, 1 - ON
MV Cold Curve
type
0 Hot curve, 1 Cold curve
MV Thermal Init
HV1 CBF
HV
Func_OverLoad
in HV side is switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV
Func_OverLoad
LV
Func_OverLoad
LW Func_OvLd
Alarm
(LOAD) protection is
switched ON.
1-on; 0-off.
LW Func_OvLd
Low Trip
LW Func_OvLd
High Trip
283
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
High-setting trip stage of LV
HV Func_OV1
HV Func_OV2
HV Func_OV2
HV OV2 Trip
HV OV Chk PE
MV Func_OV1
MV Func_OV2
MV Func_OV2
MV OV2 Trip
MV OV Chk PE
HV Func_CBF
HV 3I0/3I2 Check
On
HV CB Status
Check On
HV1 CB status
1-Detect; 0- Not Detect
MV Func_CBF
284
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
MV 3I0/3I2 Check
On
Description
MV CBF protection detect
MV CB Status
Check On
MV CB status
1-Detect; 0- Not Detect
LV Func_CBF
LV 3I0/3I2 Check
On
LV CB Status
Check On
CB status
1-Detect; 0- Not Detect
HV Func_Dead
Zone
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
MV Func_Dead
Zone
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
LV Func_Dead
Zone
switched ON
1-on; 0-off.
HV Func_STUB
HV STUB Init LV
CBF
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
HV STUB Init MV
CBF
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
MV Func_STUB
MV STUB Init LV
CBF
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
285
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
MV STUB Init MV
CBF
Description
STUB protection initiate MV
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
LV Func_STUB
LV STUB Init LV
CBF
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
LV STUB Init MV
CBF
side CBF
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
MV Func_PD
MV PD Chk 3I0/3I2
MV Func_PD
MV PD Chk 3I0/3I2
HV VT FAIL Detect
On/Off
1-On, 0-Off.
HV Solid Earth
HV Earthing mode:
0
MV VT FAIL Detect
MV VT Failure Detection
0
On/Off
1-On, 0-Off.
MV Solid Earth
MV Earthing mode:
0
LV VT FAIL Detect
LV VT Failure Detection
0
On/Off
1-On, 0-Off.
LV Solid Earth
LV Earthing mode:
0
286
Chapter 20 Appendix
Setting
Unit
Min.
Max.
Default
setting
Description
To select whether the 1
st
st
nd
nd
CBF or not
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
whether BI1 initiate MV side
CBF or not
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
whether BI1 initiate LV side
CBF or not
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
whether BI2 initiate HV side
CBF or not
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
whether BI2 initiate MV side
CBF or not
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
whether BI2 initiate LV side
CBF or not
0 - initiate, 1 not initiate
287
Chapter 20 Appendix
Information
Relay startup
Description
The relay is initiated by startup elements
Treble slope percent Differential protection (ID>) trip for phase A/B/C
MV REF Trip
LV REF Trip
HV OC Inv Trip
HV OC1 Trip
HV OC2 Trip
MV OC Inv Trip
MV OC1 Trip
MV OC2 Trip
LV OC Inv Trip
LV OC1 Trip
LV OC2 Trip
HV EF Inv Trip
HV EF1 Trip
HV EF2 Trip
MV EF Inv Trip
MV EF1 Trip
MV EF2 Trip
288
Chapter 20 Appendix
Information
Description
LV EF Inv Trip
LV EF1 Trip
LV EF2 Trip
HV NOC1 Trip
HV NOC2 Trip
MV EF Inv Trip
MV EF1 Trip
MV EF2 Trip
LV EF Inv Trip
LV EF1 Trip
LV EF2 Trip
HV Therm OL Trip
MV Therm OL Trip
HV OV1 Trip
HV OV2 Trip
MV OV1 Trip
MV OV2 Trip
HV CBF1 Trip
HV CBF2 Trip
HV CBF Init
MV CBF1 Trip
MV CBF2 Trip
MV CBF Init
LV CBF1 Trip
LV CBF2 Trip
LV CBF Init
HV Dead Zone
MV Dead Zone
LV Dead Zone
HV STUB Trip
289
Chapter 20 Appendix
Information
Description
MV STUB Trip
LV STUB Trip
HV PD Trip
MV PD Trip
HV VT Fail
HV VT Fail alarm
MV VT Fail
MV VT Fail alarm
LV VT Fail
LV VT Fail alarm
Description
Battery Off
Battery off
BI Breakdown
BI Check Err
BI Comm Fail
BI Config Err
BI EEPROM Err
BI Input Err
BI_CBF Err
BO Breakdown
BO Comm Fail
BO EEPROM Err
BO No Response
BOConfig Err
CB Err Blk PD
CB Open A Err
CB Open B Err
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
290
Chapter 20 Appendix
17
CB Open C Err
18
CB Status Err
CB Status Error
19
EquipPara Err
H BI MCB VT Fail
H BI_V3P_MCB Err
HV 3U0 Alarm
HV 3U0 Alarm
HV Inrush Blk BU
HV Load Alarm
HV Load Alarm
HV OV1 Alarm
HV OV2 Alarm
HV Therm OL Alm
HV VT Fail
HV VT Fail
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
HV1 I2 Alarm
37
HV2 I2 Alarm
38
39
40
L BI MCB VT Fail
L BI_V3P_MCB Err
LV 3U0 Alarm
LV 3U0 Alarm
291
Chapter 20 Appendix
41
LV I2 Alarm
42
LV Inrush Blk BU
43
LV Load Alarm
LV Load Alarm
44
45
LV Therm OL Alm
46
LV VT Fail
LV VT Fail
47
LW Load Alarm
LW Load Alarm
M BI MCB VT Fail
M BI_V3P_MCB Err
MV 3U0 Alarm
MV 3U0 Alarm
48
49
50
51
52
MV I2 Alarm
53
54
55
56
57
58
MV Load Alarm
MV Load Alarm
MV OV1 Alarm
MV OV2 Alarm
MV Therm OL Alm
59
MV VT Fail
MV VT Fail
60
NO/NC Discord
NO/NC discord
61
Ph_A CT Fail
Phase A CT Fail
62
Ph_B CT Fail
Phase B CT Fail
63
Ph_C CT Fail
Phase C CT Fail
64
65
Sampling Err
Sampling is error
66
67
Setting Err
68
69
70
292
MV Inrush Blk BU
Chapter 20 Appendix
71
Test BO Un_reset
72
V or F Exceed
range
No
Information
Description
Func_Diff On
Func_Diff Off
HV Func_REF On
HV Func_REF Off
MV Func_REF On
MV Func_REF Off
LV Func_REF On
LV Func_REF Off
Func_Overexc On
10
Func_Overexc Off
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
HV Func_OC On
HV Func_OC Off
MV Func_OC On
MV Func_OC Off
LV Func_OC On
LV Func_OC Off
HV Func_EF On
HV Func_EF Off
MV Func_EF On
MV Func_EF Off
LV Func_EF On
293
Chapter 20 Appendix
No
22
LV Func_EF Off
Description
Earth fault protection of LV side is switched OFF (by
CW)
23
HV Func_NOC On
24
HV Func_NOC Off
25
MV Func_NOC On
26
MV Func_NOC Off
27
LV Func_NOC On
28
LV Func_NOC Off
29
30
31
32
294
Information
HV Func_Therm On
HV Func_Therm Off
MV Func_Therm On
MV Func_Therm Off
33
HV Func_OL On
34
HV Func_OL Off
35
MV Func_OL On
36
MV Func_OL Off
37
LV Func_OL On
38
LV Func_OL Off
39
HV Func_OV On
40
HV Func_OV Off
41
MV Func_OV On
42
MV Func_OV Off
43
HV Func_DZ On
HV DZ function on
44
HV Func_DZ Off
HV DZ function off
45
MV Func_DZ On
MV DZ function on
46
MV Func_DZ Off
MV DZ function off
47
LV Func_DZ On
LV DZ function on
48
LV Func_DZ Off
LV DZ function off
49
HV Func_STUB On
HV STUB function on
50
HV Func_STUB Off
51
MV Func_STUB On
MV STUB function on
52
MV Func_STUB Off
53
LV Func_STUB On
LV STUB function on
54
LV Func_STUB Off
Chapter 20 Appendix
No
Information
Description
55
HV Func_PD On
56
HV Func_PD Off
57
MV Func_PD On
58
MV Func_PD Off
59
HV Func_VT On
60
HV Func_VT Off
61
MV Func_VT On
62
MV Func_VT Off
63
LV Func_VT On
64
LV Func_VT Off
3.1
Curves No.
IDMTL Curves
Parameter A
Parameter P
Parameter B
IEC INV.
0.14
0.02
13.5
1.0
80.0
2.0
120.0
1.0
ANSI INV.
8.9341
2.0938
0.17966
0.2663
1.2969
0.03393
5.6143
2.18592
ANSI MODERATELY
0.0103
0.02
0.0228
295
Chapter 20 Appendix
INV.
3.2
3.922
2.0
0.0982
10
5.64
2.0
0.02434
11
0.4797
1.5625
0.21359
Equation 39
where:
A: Time factor for inverse time stage
B: Delay time for inverse time stage
P: index for inverse time stage
K: Set time multiplier for step n
CT Requirement
4.1
Overview
In practice, the conventional magnetic- core current transformer (hereinafter
as referred CT) is not able to transform the current signal accurately in whole
fault period of all possible faults because of manufactured cost and installation space limited. CT Saturation will cause distortion of the current signal
and can result in a failure to operate or cause unwanted operations of some
functions. Although more and more protection IEDs have been designed to
permit CT saturation with maintained correct operation, the performance of
protection IED is still depended on the correct selection of CT.
4.2
296
Chapter 20 Appendix
comparable standards, which CTs are specified in different protection class.
Currently, the CT for protection are classified according to functional performance as follows:
Class P CT
Accuracy limit defined by composite error with steady symmetric primary
current. No limit for remanent flux.
Class PR CT
CT with limited remanence factor for which, in some cased, a value of the
secondary loop time constant and/or a limiting value of the winding resistance may also be specified.
Class PX CT
Low leakage reactance for which knowledge of the transformer secondary excitation characteristic, secondary winding resistance, secondary
burden resistance and turns ratio is sufficient to assess its performance
in relation to the protective relay system with which it is to be used.
Class TPS CT
Low leakage flux current transient transformer for which performance is
defined by the secondary excitation characteristics and turns ratio error
limits. No limit for remanent flux
Class TPX CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous error during specified transient duty cycle. No limit for remanent flux.
Class TPY CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous error during specified transient duty cycle. Remanent flux not to exceed 10% of the saturation flux..
Class TPZ CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous alternating current component error during single energization with maximum d.c. offset at
specified secondary loop time constant. No requirements for d.c. component error limit. Remanent flux to be practically negligible.
TPE class CT (TPE represents transient protection and electronic type
CT)
4.3
Chapter 20 Appendix
Abbrev.
Description
Esl
Eal
Ek
Uk
Kalf
Kssc
Kssc
Kssc
Kpcf
Ks
Kx
Dimensioning factor
Ktd
Ipn
Isn
Ipsc
Ipcf
Isscmax
Rct
Rb
Rb
Rs
Total resistance of the secondary circuit, inclusive of the secondary winding resistance corrected to 75, unless otherwise specified, and
inclusive of all external burden connected.
Rlead
Zbn
Zb
Tp
Ts
4.4
4.4.1
298
Chapter 20 Appendix
For different protections, Ipcf is the selected fault current in proper fault position of the corresponding fault, which will flow through the verified CT.
To guarantee the reliability of protection relay, Ipcf should be the maximum
fault current at internal fault. E.g. maximum primary three phase short-circuit
fault current or single phase earth fault current depended on system sequence impedance, in different positions.
Moreover, to guarantee the security of protection relay, Ipcf should be the
maximum fault current at external fault.
Last but not least, Ipcf calculation should be based on the future possible
system power capacity
Kpcf, protective checking factor, is always used to verified the CT performance
To reduce the influence of transient state, Kalf, Accuracy limit factor of CT,
should be larger than the following requirement
4.4.2
CT class
The selected CT should guarantee that the error is within the required accuracy limit at steady symmetric short circuit current. The influence of short
circuit current DC component and remanence should be considered, based
on extent of system transient influence, protection function characteristic,
consequence of transient saturation and actual operating experience. To fulfill the requirement on a specified time to saturation, the rated equivalent
secondary e.m.f of CTs must higher than the required maximum equivalent
secondary e.m.f that is calculated based on actual application.
For the CTs applied to transmission line protection, transformer differential
protection with 330kV voltage level and above, and 300MW and above gen299
Chapter 20 Appendix
erator-transformer set differential protection, the power system time constant
is so large that the CT is easy to saturate severely due to system transient
state. To prevent the CT from saturation at actual duty cycle, TP class CT is
preferred.
For TPS class CT, Eal (rated equivalent secondary limiting e.m.f) is generally
determined as follows:
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor
Kssc: Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor
For TPX, TPY and TPZ class CT, Eal (rated equivalent secondary limiting
e.m.f) is generally determined as follows:
Where
Ktd: Rated transient dimensioning factor
Considering at short circuit current with 100% offset
For C-t-O duty cycle,
Chapter 20 Appendix
proper margin to tolerate the negative effect of possible transient state.
Therefore, P, PR, PX class CT can be always applied.
For P class and PR class CT, Esl (the rated secondary limited e.m.f) is generally determined as follows:
4.4.3
Accuracy class
The CT accuracy class should guarantee that the protection relay applied is
able to operate correctly even at a very sensitive setting, e.g. for a sensitive
residual overcurrent protection. Generally, the current transformer should
have an accuracy class, which have an current error at rated primary current,
that is less than 1% (e.g. class 5P).
If current transformers with less accuracy are used it is advisable to check
the actual unwanted residual current during the commissioning.
4.4.4
Ratio of CT
The current transformer ratio is mainly selected based on power system data
like e.g. maximum load. However, it should be verified that the current to the
protection is higher than the minimum operating value for all faults that are to
be detected with the selected CT ratio. The minimum operating current is
different for different functions and settable normally. So each function
should be checked separately.
4.4.5
Chapter 20 Appendix
should be preferred, particularly in HV and EHV stations, to reduce the burden of the CT secondary circuit. Because 5A rated CTs, i.e. I2R is 25x compared to only 1x for a 1A CT. However, in some cases to reduce the CT
secondary circuit open voltage, 5A can be applied.
4.4.6
Secondary burden
Too high flux will result in CT saturation. The secondary e.m.f is directly
proportional to linked flux. To feed rated secondary current, CT need to
generate enough secondary e.m.f to feed the secondary burden. Consequently, Higher secondary burden, need Higher secondary e.m.f, and then
closer to saturation. So the actual secondary burden Rb must be less than
the rated secondary burden Rb of applied CT, presented
Rb > Rb
The CT actual secondary burden Rb consists of wiring loop resistance
Rlead and the actual relay burdens Zb in whole secondary circuit, which is
calculated by following equation
Rb = Rlead + Zb
The rated relay burden, Zbn, is calculated as below:
Where
Sr: the burden of IED current input channel per phase, in VA;
For earth faults, the loop includes both phase and neutral wire, normally
twice the resistance of the single secondary wire. For three-phase faults the
neutral current is zero and it is just necessary to consider the resistance up to
the point where the phase wires are connected to the common neutral wire.
The most common practice is to use four wires secondary cables so it normally is sufficient to consider just a single secondary wire for the three-phase
case.
In isolated or high impedance earthed systems the phase-to-earth fault is not
the considered dimensioning case and therefore the resistance of the single
secondary wire always can be used in the calculation, for this case.
4.5
302
Chapter 20 Appendix
4.5.1
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 3
recommended
For 220kV voltage level and below transformer differential protection, P
Class, PR class and PX class is able to be used. Because the system time
constant is less relatively, and then DC component is less, the probability of
CT saturation due to through fault current at external fault is reduced more
and more.
For P Class, PR class CT, Esl can be verified as below:
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
For PX class CT, Ek can be verified as below:
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
303