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0
1,2
OPERAnONS
entering stage 1
positions 1 and 2; stages1.and 2
Superscript
REFERENCES
1. Davies,T. J.: Adv. Chem Eng., 4, 1 (1963).
2. Garner, F. H., and A. H. P. SkeIland:Ind Eng. Chern.,48, 51 (1956).
3. Goodridge, F., and I. D. Robb: 1nd Eng. Chem Fundam.,4, 49 (1965).
4. Gordon, K. F., and T. K. Sherwood:Chem Eng. Prog. Symp.Ser., 50(10),15 (1954);A1ChEJ.,
1, 129(1955).
5. Kent, E. R., and R. L. Pigford: A1ChEJ., 2, 363 (1956).
6. King, C. J.: A1ChE J., 10,671 (1964).
7. Kremser,A.: Not/. Petro/.News,22(21),42 (1930).
8. Lewis, W. K., and W. G. Whitman: 1nd Eng. Chem.,16, 1215(1924).
9. Murphree, E. Y.: 1nd Eng. Chem.,2.4,519 (1932).
10. Sawistowski,H.: in C. Hanson (ed.), "Recent Advances in Liquid-Liquid Extraction," p. 293,
Pergamon,New York, 1971.
11. Schrage,R. W.: "A TheoreticalStudy of InterphaseMassTransfer," Columbia University Press,
New York, 1953.
12. Scriven,L. E, and R. L. Pigford: A1ChEJ., 4, 439 (1958); S, 397 (1959).
13. Searle,R., and K. F. Gordon: A1ChE J., 3, 490 (1957).
14. Souders,M., and G. G. Brown: Ind Eng. Chem.,2.4,519 (1932).
15. Thompson,D. W.: 1nd Eng. Chem Fundam.,9, 243 (1970).
16. Turner, S. D.: Ind Eng. Chem.,21, 190(1929).
17. Whitman, W. G.: Chem Met. Eng., 29, 147(1923).
18. Wylie, C. R., Jr.: "Advanced EngineeringMathematics," 3d ed., McG1'aw-HillBook Company,
New York, 1966.
PROBLEMS
5.1 Repeat the calculations for the local mass-transferflux of ammonia in Illustration 5.1 on the
assumptionthat the gas pressureis 2 std atm. The gas massvelocity, bulk-averagegas and liquid
concentration,liquid flow rate, and temperatureare unchanged.
5.2 In a certain apparatus used for the absorption of sulfur dioxide, SO2' from air by means of
water, at one point in the equipmentthe gascontained 10%SO2by volume and was in contact with
liquid containing 0.4%SO2(density = 990kg/m3 = 61.8 Ib/ft3). The temperaturewas 50C and the
total pressure I std atm. The overall mass-transfercoefficient based on gas concentrationswas
~ - 7.36X 10-10kmol/m2. s . (N/m1 = 0.055Ib mol SO2/ft2. h . atm. Of the total diffusional
resistance,47%lay in the gas phase,53%in the liquid. Equilibrium data at sooC are:
kg SO2/IOOkg water
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
Partial pressureSO2'mmHg
29
46
83
119
"
(0) Calculate the overall coefficient basedon liquid concentrationsin terms of mol/vol.
(b) Calculate the individual mass-transfer coefficient for the gas, expressed as kG
mol/(area)(time)(pressure),ky mol/(areaXtime)(mole fraction), and kc mol/(areaXtime)(mole/vol),
INTERPHASBMASSTRANSFER 135
and for the liquid expressed as kL mole/(area)(time)(mole/vol)
and kx mol/(area)(timeXmole
fraction).
(c) Determine the interfacial compositions in both phases.
5.3 The equilibrium partial pressure of water vapor in contact with a certain silica gel on which
water is adsorbed is, at 2,Sc, as follows:
Partial pressure
of water,mmHg
2.14
4.74
7.13
9.05
10.9
12.6
14.3
16.7
to
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ib water/ 100Ib
dry gel
kg/l00 kg
IS
2S
40
SO
65
80
90
100
Partial pressurebenzene,mmHg 0.0010 0.0045 0.0251 O.llS O.2SL 1..00 2.81 7.82
0.053 cm3
H2 (STP)/(cm3 rubber) . (atm partial pressure),and its diffusivity in the rubber as 0.18 x 10-5
cm2Is. The diffusivity of H2-air - 0.611 cm2Is at Oc, I std atm. &timate the rate of loss of
hydrogenfrom the pipe per unit length of pipe. ADS.:4.5 x 10-11 kmol/(m of pipe length) . s.
5.6 Assuming that the equilibrium curve of Fig. 5.7 is straight, and of slope m, derive the relation
betweenthe Murphree stageefficienciesEME and EMR'
5.7 If the equilibrium-distribution curve of the cross-flowcascadeof Fig. 5.13is everywherestraight,
and of slope m, make a solute material balanceabout stagen + 1 and by following the procedure
usedto derive Eq. (5.51) show that
N, -
log[ (Xo
YO/m)]
whereS is the stripping factor, mEs/ Rs. constantfor all stages,and N, is the total number of stages.
5.8 A single-stageliquid-extraction operation with a linear equilibrium-distribution curve (Y = mX
at equilibrium) operates with a stripping factor S - mEs/ Rs - 1.0 and has a Murphree stage
efficiency ENE 0.6. In order to improvethe extractionwith a minimumof plant alteration,the
effluents from the stagewill both be led to another stageidentical in construction,also of efficiency
ENE - 0.6. The combination, two stagesin series,is in effect a single stage.It is desiredto compute
the overall Murphree stageefficiency EMEOof the combination. A direct derivation of the relation
betweenENE and ENEOis difficult. The result is most readily obtained as follows:
(0) Refer to Fig. 5.7. Defme a stageefficiency for one stageas E - (Y2 - YJ/(Y, - Y1).Fora
linear equilibrium-distribution curve, derive the relation betweenENE and E.
(b) Derive the relation betweenEo. the value for the combined stagesin series.and E.
(c) Compute ENEO.ADS.- 0.8824.
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