BRAIN WARS

STUDY MATERIAL
Greetings Congratulations for being a part of WARTEX. Here is the study material for you to look into:

Our India:
Our nation is, well our nation. We must know about it, isnt it? So, let us do so
Historically, India has been ruled by a lot of dynasties and then empires. But, eventually, we gained our
independence from all, and now are a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. The 'Preamble'
of the Constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the document, and it indicates the source from which the document which derives its authority, meaning, the people.
To your right is the pre partition map of India. Can you
compare it with the current Indian map!
India has undergone a lot of changes in its map, national as
well as internal. As an example, our renowned states Gujarat and Maharashtra, earlier part of Bombay State, are
among the more industrialized and economically advanced
States.
Here are some of the changes we Indians witnessed:

Punjab province split into east and west Punjab.

Madras State (and later Mysore) split into Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and
Orissa.

Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal State merged into Madhya Pradesh.

Andhra Pradesh state divided into two separate states- Telangana and Andhra Pradesh having
capital AMARAVATI.

Let us see if you can go on to find some more!

India is a huge country, considering a lot of criterion.

Firstly, the country is situated north of the equator between 84' and 376' north latitude and 687' and
9725' east longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of 3,287,263 square
kilometers (1,269,219 sq. mi). India measures 3,214 km (1,997 mi) from north to south and 2,933 km
(1,822 mi) from east to west. It has a land frontier of 15,200 km (9,445 mi) and a coastline of 7,517 km
(4,671 mi).
Nest, India is the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.2 billion people (July
2015), more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's population,

India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2022, surpassing China, its population
reaching 1.6 billion by 2050. Its population growth rate is 1.2%, ranking94th in the world in 2013. The
Indian population had reached the billion marks by 1998.
India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35.
It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and
48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4.

Also,

Anyway, India is a developing superpower, and has a lot of sectors which we should be proud of:
It has:

Information technology in India is an industry consisting of two major components: IT services and business process outsourcing (BPO). The sector has increased its contribution to India's GDP from 1.2% in 1998 to 7.5% in 2012. And we all know about our Silicon Valley having
various I.T services such as Infosys, Wipro, Mindtree and Mphasis. According to NASSCOM, the
sector aggregated revenues of US$147 billion in 2015, where export revenue stood at US$99
billion and domestic at US$48 billion, growing by over 13%. Indias Prime Minister Narendra
Modi has started 'Digital India' project to give IT a secured position inside & outside India.
India started its computer journey by developing a supercomputer named Param 8000.
It was developed by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing in Pune, India.

Consumer and Food in India is a well growing sector and contributes a major part of GDP of
India. Some of its facts are as follows:

195.25 Million Hectares of Gross Cropped Area.

65.26 Million Hectare of Net Irrigated Area.
127 agro-climactic zones.
42 mega food parks being set up with an allocated investment of INR 98 Billion.

Agriculture plays a vital role in India's economy. Over 58 per cent of the rural households
depend on agriculture as their principal means of livelihood. Agriculture, along with fisheries
and forestry, is one of the largest contributors to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Now lets talk about the famous I.T Hubs of the world:

Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area, which is
located in part of the U.S. state of California known as Northern California. It is home to many
of the world's largest high-tech corporations and thousands of startup companies. Geographically, it encompasses all of the Santa Clara Valley, the southern half of the San Francisco Peninsula, and southern portions of the East Bay. It includes parts or most of Santa Clara County, San
Mateo County, and Alameda County. San Jose is considered to be the Capital of Silicon Valley.
The Headquarters of ORACLE Inc. is situated here in the Red Wood city.
1 Hacker Way,
Menlo Park, California is the address of the H.Q of Facebook Inc.

Nairobi is the famous I.T of Kenya. This improved connectivity has helped lay the foundations
for Africas Silicon Valley in Nairobi. Dubbed Silicon Savannah, this is an area in Kenya that
has attracted a range of tech start-ups and venture capital firms. International tech giants such
as Google, Intel, Nokia and Microsoft have sites in Nairobi and IBM has recently opened a new
tower block, the IBM Innovation Centre, which is the companys first research lab in Africa.

Bangalore is known as the "Silicon Valley of India" (or "IT capital of India") because of its
role as the nation's leading information technology (IT) exporter. Indian technological organizations ISRO, Infosys and Wipro are headquartered in the city. A demographically diverse city,
Bangalore is the second fastest-growing major metropolis in India.

Seattle is located in Washington. It is developed as a technology center beginning in the

1980s, with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region. In 1994, the Internet
retail giant Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and
Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost
50,000 between 1990 and 2000.

After this we will talk about the specific code names of some famous product(s):

Codename or cryptonym is a word or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name,
word, project or person. Names are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They may also be
used in industrial counter-industrial espionage to protect secret projects and the like from business ri-

vals, or to give names to projects whose marketing name has not yet been determined. Another reason
for the use of names and phrases in the military is that they transmit with a lower level of cumulative
errors over a walkie-talkie or radio link than actual names. In computer world it is used to identify computer hardware and software products while in development. In some cases, the code name became
the completed product's name, but most of these code names are no longer used once the associated
products are released.

Following are the code names:

Android 0.9 Astro is an internal code name of the first developed android in 2014

Microsoft windows XP is stylized as Windows; codenamed whistler is a personal computer operating system that was produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. The operating system was released to manufacturing on August 24, 2001, and
generally released for retail sale on October 25, 2001.

Windows Server 2008 is one of Microsoft Windows' server line of operating sys-

tems. Released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and officially released on February 27,
2008, it is the successor to Windows Server 2003, released nearly five years earlier. Longhorn
Server is the code name of this valuable product. A second release, named Windows Server
2008 R2, was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009.

Adobe Photoshop CS3 is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Sys-

tems for Windows and OS X. Adobe Company thought of Blaze to keep it as its code
name. Photoshop CS3 through CS6 was also distributed in two different editions: Standard and
Extended. In June 2013, with the introduction of Creative Cloud branding, Photoshop's licensing
scheme was changed to that of software as a service and the "CS" suffixes were replaced with
"CC".

Android 1.5 commonly known as cupcake was the second Android version developed
by Google, a major platform release deployable to Android-powered handsets starting in May
2009. The release includes new features for users and developers, as well as changes in the Android framework API. For developers, the Android 1.5 platform is available as a downloadable
component for the Android SDK.

Android 2.02.1 "Eclair" is a discontinued version of the Android mobile operating system developed by Google. Unveiled on October 26, 2009, Android 2.1 builds upon the significant changes made by Android 1.6 "Donut". Two major additions in Eclair were support for near
field communication (NFC) (used in mobile payment solutions) and session initiation protocol (SIP) (used in VoIP internet telephony).

IBM Enterprise Storage System (ESS): The IBM Storage product portfolio includes disk, flash,
tape, NAS storage products, storage software and integrated solutions. The codename of this is
Shark. IBMs approach is to focus on data management. According to IBM, the company's storage
portfolio helps businesses lower costs, increase the speed of accessing data, and secure the safety of
their data. This approach improves "data economics" for business critical needs, data intensive solutions, or for companies that want to start with a smaller solution that can grow as needed.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT INTERNET:

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that
consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to
global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the
inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic
mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.
A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links two or

more devices using a wireless distribution method (often spread-spectrum or OFDM radio)
within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building. This gives
users the ability to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network, and can provide a connection to the wider Internet. Most modern WLANs are based
on IEEE 802.11standards, marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name.
Wi-Fi or Wireless Fidelity is a technology that allows electronic devices to connect to a wireless

LAN (WLAN) network, mainly using the 2.4 gigahertz (12 cm) UHF and 5 gigahertz
(6 cm) SHF ISM radio bands. A WLAN is usually password protected, but may be open, which
allows any device within its range to access the resources of the WLAN network.

Now discuss about some interesting inventions by top scientists in computer:

Charles Babbage is known as the father of computers as he invented the first mechanical
computer.

Sergey Brin with Larry Page co-founded Google and its parent company Alphabet Inc.

Mark Zuckerberg is the founder of Facebook with Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, Andrew McCollum, Chris Hughes.

Cohen is best known as the inventor of computer virus defense techniques. He gave the definition of "computer virus". The first computer virus known in the world is Brain.

Jonas Druppel, co-founder of Dubsmash which is a video messaging application for iOS and
Android created by Jonas Drppel, Roland Grenke and Daniel Taschik.

Chris Messina, developed HASHTAGS (#)

Deepinder Goyal and Pankaj Chaddah, founded Zomato which is a restaurant search and
discovery service in 2008.

TimBL, developed the first website. CERN.ch.

Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal founded the largest e-commerce company of India known as
Flipkart.

Alan Emtage, developed the first search Engine known as ARCHIE.

Former Names of Some Major Companies

Quantom Computer Services- AOL

Back Rub- GOOGLE

Auction Web- EBAY

Firebird- FIREFOX

Cadabra.com- AMAZON

NM Electronics- INTEL

Research in motion- BLACKBERRY

Sound of Mu0sic- BEST BUY

AOL- AMERICA ONLINE

Apple Computers- APPLE INC.

SOME FACTS AND INFORMATION

First app developed in the world is APPLE APP STORE.

Most downloaded free application on Google play store is Gmail and most downloaded paid
application is Minecraft- Pocket Edition.

Googles new Logo is based on Product Sans.

Robert Cornelius was the person who took first known selfie in the world.

Dropbox is developed by the use of Python Language.