EFFECTS OF EARLY PREGNANCY TO STUDENTS

A research paper submitted to the faculty of Cebu Technological University-Barili

Campus, Barili,Cebu

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course ENGL 2: Writing in the Discipline

By: Ana Rosil Fatima Bayadog

Joevi Dayagro
Karen Grace Gimarangan
Rejen Kaye Marcelino
Jessamine Nisnisan
Leonida Tenebroso

Approval Sheet

This research paper entitled EFFECTS OF EARLY PREGNANCY TO

STUDENTS is accepted and approved with a grade of PASSED.

MICHELLE Y. CHU
Oral Examiner

JILL AIZA G. FLORES

Adviser

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to
our guide, our English 2 teacher Ms. Jill Aiza G. Flores for her exemplary guidance,
monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this project. The
blessing, help and guidance given by her time to time shall carry us along way in the
journey of life on which we are about to embark.

We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to our friends
and classmates for their cordial support, valuable information and guidance, which
helped us in completing this task through various stages. We are grateful for their
cooperation during the period of our research and study.

Lastly, we thank Almighty God and of course to our parents for their constant
encouragement because without them this research would not be possible and
successful.

iii

DEDICATION

Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support are
extended to the following individuals who in one way or another have contributed in
making this study possible This piece of work is humbly dedicated to the following:.

To our teacher Ms. Jill Aiza G. Flores for guiding us in making this research
possible.

To my dear parents for supporting us especially in our financial problem and

understand us in going home late. Mr. Gildelito Bayadog and Mrs. Rose Bayadog.

To every member of this group who participated in making this research study.
Most especially to the GOD ALMIGHTY for the divine intervention, for leading us to
work on our research paper.

ANA ROSIL FATIMA

iv

DEDICATION

This research paper would not be possible without those individuals in the rear of
this who let me inject enthusiasm in every step of this study, thus this is dedicated to the
following:

To our teacher Ms. Jill Aiza G. Flores, for giving enough guidance and
information about this research.

To my dearest parents, Mr. Giovanni Dayagro and Mrs. Virginia Dayagro for the
support and financially and morally and extending their warmest appreciation.

To my friends and group mates who really show their courage in the realization
of this piece.

Most especially to the source of all those people, our ALMIGHTY GOD.

JOEVI
v

DEDICATION

The realization of this study is accomplished through the help of the selected
Individuals and this is dedicated to you.

First is to our teacher Ms. Jill Aiza G. Flores for leading us in understanding and
solving the obstacles and struggles in this study.

Second is to my parents, who encourage me in pursuing what i have started and

for giving their full support and love.

To my friends who helped me everything they can and to my group mates who
were my partners in doing this research.

KAREN
vi

DEDICATION

The completion of this study is not possible without the help of the people who
extracted their advocacy, so all of these are dedicated to the following:

To my beloved parents who were always there behind me to give their love and
support. Specifically, for letting us use the needed materials and equipments in our
study and research. Also for the financial support granted to me.

To our beloved teacher Ms. Jill Aiza G. Flores for giving us her time and effort in
making this study possible.

To my classmates, friends and closest friends who also give their incomparable
support and effort in encouraging me to pursue this piece.

To our GOD above who made us individuals capable in making this study.

REJEN KAYE
vii

DEDICATION

Bottomless and deepest gratitude for the help and support are extended to the
following persons who greatly contributed for the completion of this study, as a result
this is humbly dedicated to the following:

To our instructor Ms. Jill Aiza G. Flores for her exemplary guidance all throughout
the study.

To my beloved parents who showered indefinite support as I go along my

research.

To my friends, group mates and relatives who were willing and able to share and
let their equipments to be used I making this.

Lastly, to our Heavenly Father who poured the needs and guidance.

JESSAMINE
viii

DEDICATION

This research paper is lovingly dedicated to my respective parents who have

been my constant source of inspiration.

To my brothers and sisters for they have been given me the drive and discipline
to tackle any task with enthusiasm and determination and to all my nieces and friends,
without their love and support, this project would not have been made possible.

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM ANDITS SCOPE
Introduction
State of the Problem
Significance of the study
Definition of terms
Research Design
Research Instruments
Research Environmenment
Research Respondents
Research Procedure
Chapter
2
Chapter
3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

SUMMARY ,CONCLUSION ,RECOMMENDATION
1

CHAPTER I
PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction:
Early Pregnancy defined as pregnancy that occurs in women below the age of
20. It is common that at this age the girl has not completed her education and is
completely a dependent upon her parents, thus unable to provide for the unborn child.
As we can notice as the generation increases more young females are involve.
According from some studies conducted by the Government and Non-government
Organizations, the causes of this are lack of parental guidance, inadequate knowledge
about safe sex, exploitation by older men, socio-economic factors, and teenage
drinking.
Pregnant teenagers face many of the same obstetrics issues as other women.
There are, however, additional medical concerns for mothers aged under 15.For
mothers aged 1519, risks are associated more with socioeconomic factors than with
the biological effects of age. Risks of low birth weight, premature labor, anemia,
and pre-eclampsia are connected to the biological age itself, as it was observed in teen
births even after controlling for other risk factors (such as utilization of antenatal
care etc.).
In developed countries, teenage pregnancies are often associated with social
issues, including lower educational levels, higher rates of poverty, and other poorer life
outcomes in children of teenage mothers. Teenage pregnancy in developed countries is
usually outside of marriage, and carries a social stigma in many communities and
cultures. By contrast, teenage parents in developing countries are often married, and

their pregnancies welcomed by family and society. However, in these societies, early
pregnancy may combine with malnutrition and poor health care to cause medical
problems.
2
In societies where adolescent marriage is less common, such as many
developed countries, young age at first intercourse and lack of use of contraceptive
methods (or their inconsistent and/or incorrect use; the use of a method with a high
failure rate is also a problem) may be factors in teen pregnancy. Most teenage
pregnancies in the developed world appear to be unplanned. In an attempt to
reverse the increasing numbers of teenage pregnancies, governments in many Western
countries have instituted sex education programs, the main objective of which is to
reduce such pregnancies and STDs. Countries with low levels of teenagers giving birth
accept sexual relationships among teenagers and provide comprehensive and balanced
information about sexuality. Several polls have indicated peer pressure as a factor in
encouraging both girls and boys to have sex. The increased sexual activity among
adolescents is manifested in increased teenage pregnancies and an increase in
sexually transmitted diseases. Inhibition-reducing drugs and alcohol may possibly
encourage unintended sexual activity. If so, it is unknown if the drugs themselves
directly influence teenagers to engage in riskier behavior, or whether teenagers who
engage in drug use are more likely to engage in sex. Adolescents may lack knowledge
of, or access to, conventional methods of preventing pregnancy, as they may be too
embarrassed or frightened to seek such information. Contraception for teenagers
presents a huge challenge for the clinician.
Teenage girls in relationships with older boys, and in particular with adult men,
are more likely to become pregnant than teenage girls in relationships with boys their
own age. They are also more likely to carry the baby to term rather than have an
abortion. Before age 15, a majority of first-intercourse experiences among females are

reported to be non-voluntary; 60% of girls who had sex before age 15 were coerced by
males who on average were six years their senior. One in five teenage fathers admitted
to forcing girls to have sex with them.
Multiple studies have indicated a strong link between early childhood sexual abuse and
3
subsequent teenage pregnancy in industrialized countries. Up to 70% of women who
gave birth in their teens were molested as young girls; by contrast, 25% of women who
did not give birth as teens were molested. Adolescents who were more exposed to
sexuality in the media were also more likely to engage in sexual activity themselves.
Teens exposed to the most sexual content on TV are twice as likely as teens watching
less of this material to become pregnant before they reach age 20.

Statement of the Problem

This research paper aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the effects of early pregnancy to students?
2. Common reasons why early pregnancy occurs.
3. Does early relationship affects the existence of early pregnancy?
If not, what are those some circumstances?
4. Are there any possibilities that those teenage mothers will pursue their studies
after giving birth?
5. Is abortion helpful for those teenage pregnant in order to pursue their studies?
6. Who are those individuals who commonly belong to early pregnancy?
7. What are those things that each student must know in order to avoid or prevent
early pregnancy?
8. Is RH Bill helpful in preventing early pregnancy?
9. What is the role of the parents as well as the school in preventing early
pregnancy?
10. How can this problem be solved?

4
Significance of the study
The result of the study is considered a milestone in hindering Early Pregnancy to
students , in general and to the following entities , in particular;
Students and Teenagers. The findings of the study may serve as a guide or
information so that they will be informed and equipped about the effects of Early
Pregnancy to them. They can also avoid the said causes or factors that can trigger it.
Parents. The results will serve as a reliable and useful information that serves as a
guide to parents for them to lead their children in avoiding temptations and preventing
Early Pregnancy.

Definition of terms
CTU Cebu Technological University-Barili Campus
Early PregnancyAdolescent A young person who is developing into an adult ; A young person who is
going through adolescence .

Research Design
The researchers used survey method and evaluation. The gathered data were
interpreted utilizing the simple percentage and pie graph. This serve as the process of
the study. The conducted research via survey and interviews of students of CTU-Barili
Campus were aware of the said topic. Furthermore, we make a research through books,
internet and etc. to gather information which will support to these research.

5
Research Instruments
Research instruments for this study include:
1. Existing documents about early pregnancy.
2. Survey questionnaires were distributed to them by the researchers.

Research Environment
This study was conducted in Cebu Technological University-Barili Campus.

Research Respondents
Mrs. Ronna B. Marcelino
Mrs. Maribel Nemeo

Research Procedure
This research uses Narration to further elaborate the ideas and concepts of the
subject.

6
CHAPTER II
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter presents the data, analysis and interpretation of the study based on
the data gathered. Findings as observed were also made to provide basis for
discussions of results of the study.
The main objective of the study was to determine the causes, ways on how to
prevent and effects of early pregnancy to adolescents specifically to students.

Causes of Early Pregnancy

After the survey conducted to CTU-BARILI, the results show that 20% of the
students answered that Rape is one of the reasons of having earl pregnancy, and 30%
answered that engaging early relationships is a cause of early pregnancy, and 50%
answered that lack of parental guidance greatly affects and triggers early Pregnancy.
(see figure 1)

figure 1
Causes of Early Pregnancy
Rape as a reason of
early pregnancy

20

Engaging early
relationship

50
30

Lack of parental
guidance

7
Rape is forcing a woman to have sex, thus it is one of the reasons that teenagers
having been pregnant due to unwanted sex. Moreover, it rates 20% of the Pregnant
women at an early age.
Engaging early relationship to opposite sex can sometimes lead to early
pregnancy, most often if they have age discrepancy Teens at their age have strong
hormonal interactions, they will be tempted early at times when they were together.
Curiosity happens to this period also on what sex might feels. Peer pressure and
drinking also happens on this stage.

When a teenager grew up without enough parental guidance, he/she will be

confident to do any actions that are beyond their limitations as teenagers. It includes
drinking alcoholic beverages, going out with friends and going home late at night,
watching pornographic videos without having the fear of being scolded, until the
teenager reach the point of doing sex with their opposite gender resulting to early
pregnancy.

figure 2
Ways to Solve/Prevent Early Pregnancy
Abortion

10%

By the use of RH BILL

(contraceptives)
30%

Give borth after pregnancy

60%

Figure 2
Figure 2 represents the percentage of the answers from the students of CTU,
where 10% answered that Abortion is the solution to Early Pregnancy in order to
pursue their studies and goals. 30% of them said that by using RH BILL or

contraceptives it will be prevented and cant be happen and more than half of the
students that we interviewed answered that given birth after pregnancy is the best
solution when undergoing Early Pregnancy.

figure 3
Effects of Early Pregnancy
Unable to continue Their
Studies
45

Early Pregnancy is a
hindrance

55

Figure 3 shows the result from the survey we conducted about the possible effect of
Early Pregnancy. 45% of them said that students who experienced Early Pregnancy
were unable to continue their studies due to shame, and 55% of it answered that Early
Pregnancy is a hindrance or barrier to pursue their dreams or goals.

10
CHAPTER III
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the

time that the pregnancy ends. A pregnancy can take place after the start of
the puberty before first menstrual period, but usually occurs after the onset of periods.
In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13.
Several studies have examined the socioeconomic, medical,
and psychological impact of pregnancy and parenthood in teens. Life outcomes for
teenage mothers and their children vary; other factors, such as poverty or
social support may be more important than the age of the mother at the birth. Many
solutions to counteract the more negative findings have been proposed. Teenage
parents who can rely on family and community support, social services and child-care
support are more likely to continue their education and get higher paying jobs as they

progress with their education.

In some societies, early marriage and traditional gender roles are important
factors in the rate of teenage pregnancy. For example, in some sub-Saharan African
countries, early pregnancy is often seen as a blessing because it is proof of the young
woman's fertility. The average marriage age differs by country, and countries where
teenage marriages are common experience higher levels of teenage pregnancies. In
the Indian subcontinent, early marriage and pregnancy is more common in traditional
rural communities than cities. The lack of education on safe sex, whether it is from
parents, schools, or otherwise, is a cause of teenage pregnancy. Many teenagers are
not taught about methods of birth control and how to deal with peers who pressure them
into having sex before they are ready.
11
In societies where adolescent marriage is less common, such as many
developed countries, young age at first intercourse and lack of use
of contraceptive methods (or their inconsistent and/or incorrect use; the use of a method
with a high failure rate is also a problem) may be factors in teen pregnancy.[44][45] Most
teenage pregnancies in the developed world appear to be unplanned. In an
attempt to reverse the increasing numbers of teenage pregnancies, governments in
many Western countries have instituted sex education programs, the main objective of
which is to reduce such pregnancies and STDs. Countries with low levels of teenagers
giving birth accept sexual relationships among teenagers and provide comprehensive

and balanced information about sexuality.

Comprehensive sex education and access to birth control appear to reduce unplanned
teenage pregnancy. It is unclear if a single intervention is most effective.
In the United States free access to a long acting form of reversible birth
control along with education decreased the rates of teen pregnancies by around 80%
and the rate of abortions by more than 75%.

12
REFERENCES

13

CURRICULUM VITAE

14
Personal Profile

Name

:Ana Rosil Fatima L. Bayadog

Age

18 years old

Date of birth

February 2, 1997

Civil Status

Single

Nationality

Filipino

Religion

Roman Catholic

Fathers Name

Gildelito D. Bayadog

Mothers Name

Rose L. Bayadog

Educational Background

Elementary

Barili Central School

Poblacion, Barili , Cebu
2003-2009

High School

Bartolome and Manuela Paares MNHS

Poblacion, Barili, Cebu
2009-2013

College

Bachelor in Elementary Education

Cebu Technological University
Barili Campus, Barili, Cebu

15
Personal Profile
Name

Joevi A. Dayagro

Age

16 years old

Date of Birth

April 5, 1998

Civil Status

Single

Nationality

Filipino

Religion

Roman Catholic

Fathers Name

Giovanni Dayagro

Mothers Name

Virginia P. Dayagro

Educational Background

Elementary

Bolocboloc Elementary School

Bolocboloc, Barili, Cebu
2004-2010

High school

Patupat National High School

Azucena, Barili, Cebu
2010-2014

College

Bachelor in Elementary Education

Cebu Technological University
Barili Campus, Barili, Cebu

16
Personal Profile
Name

Karen Grace R. Gimarangan

Age

19 years old

Date of Birth

October 26, 1995

Civil Status

Single

Nationality

Filipino

Religion

Roman Catholic

Fathers Name

Asterio B. Gimarangan

Mothers Name :

Cirila R. Gimarangan

Educational Background

Elementary

Barili Central School

Barili, Cebu
2004-2010

High School

Sta. Ana Academy of Barili Incorporated

Poblacion, Barili, Cebu
2010-2014

College

Bachelor in Elementary Education

Cebu Technological University
Barili Campus, Barili, Cebu

17
Personal Profile
Name

Rejen Kaye B. Marcelino

Age

17 years old

Date of Birth

October 8, 1997

Civil Status

Single

Nationality

Filipino

Religion

Roman Catholic

Fathers Name

Emmanuel P. Marcelino

Mothers Name :

Ronna B. Marcelino

Educational Background

Elementary

Bolocboloc Elementary School

Bolocboloc, Barili, Cebu
2004-2010

High School

Sta. Ana Academy of Barili Incorporated

Poblacion, Barili, Cebu
2010-2014

College

Bachelor in Elementary Education

Cebu Technological University
Barili Campus, Barili, Cebu

18
Personal Profile
Name

Jessamine D. Nisnisan

Age

18 years old

Date of Birth

October 28, 1996

Civil Status

Single

Nationality

Filipino

Religion

Roman Catholic

Fathers Name

Sabino B. Nisnisan

Mothers Name :

Servellana D. Nisnisan

Educational Background

Elementary

Bonbon Elementary School

Bonbon, Babag II, Cebu City
2003-2010

High School

Jaclupan National High School

Jaclupan, Talisay City, Cebu
2010-2014

College

Bachelor in Elementary Education

Cebu Technological University

Barili Campus, Barili, Cebu

19
Personal Profile
Name

Leonida B. Tenebroso

Age

31 years old

Date of Birth

January 28, 1984

Civil Status

Single

Nationality

Filipino

Religion

Roman Catholic

Fathers Name

Eutiquio C. Tenebroso

Mothers Name :

Inocencia B. Tenebroso

Educational Background

Elementary

Barili Central School

Poblacion, Barili, Cebu
1991-1997

High School

Bartolome and Manuela Paares MNHS

Poblacion, Barili, Cebu
1997-2001

College

Bachelor in Elementary Education

Cebu Technological University
Barili Campus, Barili, Cebu

20