Balluff Inductive Prox Basic Info & Wiring Diagrams

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Basic Information and Definitions
Principle
... of inductive proximity sensors is based on the interaction

between metallic conductors and an electromagnetic alternating
field. Eddy currents are induced in the metallic damping material,
which removes energy from the field and reduces the height of
the oscillation amplitude. This change is processed in the inductive sensor, which changes its output state accordingly.
Function groups
... of the Balluff proximity

switch are:
Mechanical
Sensor
field,
Coil, Core
Electrical
Sensing face
Oscillator
Demodulator
... is the area through which the high-frequency sensor field

enters the air space. It is determined primarily by the base of the
shell core and corresponds roughly to the surface area of the
shell core cap.
Trigger
Output
driver
Sensor field
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Inductive sensors
... is a square plate of Fe 360 (ISO 630), used to define sensing

distances per EN 60947-5-2. The thickness is d = 1 mm; and
the side length a corresponds to
the diameter of the circle of the sensing face
or
3 x sn, if the value is greater than the given diameter.
Correction factor
... gives the reduction in sensing distances for target materials which are
not made of Fe 360. Unless otherwise
noted.
Switching frequency f
.. refers to the maximum number of

switching operations per second.
Motion Control
Factor
1.0
0.25...0.45
0.35...0.50
0.30...0.45
0.60...1.00
0.65...0.75
0.93...1.05
ity
im
ox ch
Pr wit
s
et
rg
ta
Damping is per EN 60947-5-2 with

standard targets on a rotating, nonconducting disk. The surface area
ratio of iron to non-conductor must
be 1 : 2.
rd
da
an
St
Courtesy of CMA/Flodyne/Hydradyne
Material
steel
copper
brass
aluminum
stainless steel
nickel
cast iron
Standard target
Standard target
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Sensing face
The rated value of the switching

frequency is reached when
either the turn-on signal t1 = 50
s or the
turn-off signal t2 = 50 s
.
954
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Inductive sensors
Delay Times
... is the time from when the supply voltage is applied,
and the proximity switch assumes the ready state. This time
may not be longer than 300 ms. During this time there must be
no fault signal longer than 2 ms.
Start-up delay tv
... is the deviation of the effective operating distance with the

temperature range of 25 C d Ta d +70 C. Per EN 60947-5-2
it is: 'sr/sr d 10 %
Ambient temperature range Ta
... is the temperature range over which the function of the switch
is guaranteed.
Magnetic Field Immunity

Error-free function depends on the magnitude of the welding
current and the distance of the sensor from the current carrying
line.
Principle
Design and circuitry techniques ensure that magnetic field immune proximity switches remain unaffected by magnetic fields.
Motion Control
Hydraulic
Temperature drift
Electrical
Temperature Effects and Limits
Pneumatic
Mechanical
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Magnetic field
Current
conductor
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Inductive sensors
Supply voltage UB
... is the permissible voltage range in which certain safe operation of the switch
is guaranteed (including ripple V.It is indicated in the catalog section for each
product.
Rated
operating voltage Ue
... is the supply voltage UB used for testing without tolerances. To determine the
rated and limit values, the sensor must be operated using Ue. It is:
Motion Control
for AC and
AC/DC switches
Ue = 110 VAC
Voltage drop Ud
... is the voltage measured across the load of a closed (conducting) sensor at
load current Ie.
Rated insulation
voltage Ui
... of a proximity switch is the voltage to which the isolation tests and the creep
distances are referenced. For proximity switches the highest rated operating voltage must be considered as the rated isolation voltage.
Rated supply frequency
... of the power supply for AC devices is 50 to 60 Hz.
Ripple V (%)
... is the AC voltage (peak-to-peak

of Ue) overlaid on the DC voltage
Ue given in percent. To operate DC
switches, a filtered DC voltage having a ripple of max. 15 % (per DIN
41755) is required.
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Electrical
Mechanical
for DC switches
Ue = 24 VDC
for AC and
AC/DC switches
Ue = 110 VAC
Ue = rated operational voltage

Uss = oscillation width
Ripple V =
956
Uss
100 [%]
Ue
Rated
operating current Ie
... is the permissible constant output current that may flow through the load Rl.
Off-state current Ir
... is the residual current flowing through the load when a proximity switch is not
conducting (open).
Max. inrush Ik
... in the case of alternating current indicates the current Ik (Aeff) which is permitted
to flow during a given turn-on time tk (ms) and at a given frequency (Hz).
Short circuit current
... is 100 A, i. e., per EN 60947-5-2 the power supply during testing in short
circuit mode must be able to provide at least 100 A for a short duration. This current is prescribed in the standard in order to test the short-circuit strength.
No-load supply current I0
... is the current, which flows in the switch, without the need for a load to be
connected (only with 3- and 4-wire-switches).This current supplies the sensor
electronics.
Inductive sensors
Minimum
operating current Im
... is the smallest load current required for function of the switch when ON.
Output resistance Ra
... is the resistance between the output and the supply voltage which is built
into the switch; see Output circuits.
Load capacitance
... is the permissible total capacitance on the output of the switch, including line
capacitance.
Output Circuits
Driver stages
3-wire
DC switches
PNP, sourcing
(current source)
NPN, sinking
(current sink)
Pneumatic
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= semiconductor switch
= output resistance
= Z-Diode, limiter
= pol. rev. protect. diode
= pol. rev. protect. diode
in load current circuit
(for short protection
types only)
LED = light emitting diode
Motion Control
Hydraulic
S
Ra
Dz
D1
D2
2-wire
DC switches
Non-polarized
2-wire
AC and AC/DC switches
(universal current switches)
ground connection for connector version only
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S
Dz
C
GI
LED
= semiconductor switch
= Z-Diode, limiter
= capacitor
= bridge rectifier
= light emitting diode
S
Dz
C
RC
Gl
LED
VDR
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
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semiconductor switch
Z-Diode, limiter
filter capacitor
HF-Peak-limiter
bridge rectifier
light emitting diode
voltage spike limiter
957
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DC 3/4-Wire
Wiring Diagrams
Cable/Terminals
Connector
NPN () sinking
Normally closed
NO/NC
Pneumatic
DC 2-Wire
&
Normally closed
AC-Sensors
Motion Control
Cable/Terminals
Normally open
Normally open
Connector
PNP (+) sourcing
Hydraulic
Electrical
Mechanical
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Normally open
Polarized
Non-polarized
with protection ground
*2
1
Normally closed
2
3
AC/DC-Sensors
with protection ground
Normally open
*
2
Normally closed
1
2
Wire colors
Coding per DIN IEC 60757 BN
BK
BU
958
WH
brown
black
blue
white
*Pin assignments shown are based on
the U.S. standard for cable connectors

Inductive sensors
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... can cause a time delay

(e. g. start-up delay). The number
of connected proximity switches
is limited by the total voltage drop
(sum of all Ud).
3-wire DC switch
2-wire DC switch
(AC/DC)
3-wire DC switch
2-wire DC switch
Mechanical
In the case of 2-wire sensors it

is limited by the addition of the
minimum supply voltages. For
3-wire switches, the load capacity
of the output stage represents a
further limitation, since the current
consumption I0 of all switches is
added to the rated current Ie.
For parallel
connection
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Electrical
The ready delay time tv is the ready

delay of a sensor (number of
sensors n 1).
This prevents all LEDs from

lighting-up when the output state
of one switch is turned on.
Motion Control
... of proximity switches with LED

it is recommended that the outputs of the individual switches
be decoupled using diodes (as
shown).
Utilization categories Category

per EN 60947-5-2/
AC 12
AC-switch
IEC 60947-5-2
AC 140
AC-switch
DC 12
DC-switch
DC 13
DC-switch
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Parallel wiring of 2-wire

proximity switches is
not recommended, since
missed pulses can be
caused by the build-up of
oscillations.
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Typical load applications

Resistive and semiconductor loads, optocouplers
Small electromagnetic load Ia d 0.2 A; e. g. contactor relay
Resistive and semiconductor loads, optocouplers
Electromagnets
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Inductive sensors
Polarity reversal protected
... protected against any possible lead reversal for sensors with short circuit protection.
...protected against reversal of plus/minus leads for sensors without short circuit
protection.
Cable break protection
... in 3-wire sensors prevents improper function. A diode prevents the current from
flowing via the output line A.
Short circuit protected

(sensors with a maximum
voltage of 60 V DC)
... is achieved in Balluff sensors using pulsing or thermal short circuit protection
circuits. The output stage is thereby protected against overload and short circuit.
The trigger current for the short circuit protection is higher than the rated operating
current Ie. Currents from switching and load capacitances are specified in the sensor
data and do not result in triggering, but rather are masked by a short delay in the
output circuit.
Short circuit/overload
protected
(universal AC/DC sensors)
... AC or AC/DC sensors are often operated with a relay or contactor as the load.
AC switching devices (contactors/relays) create a significantly higher load (6...10
rated current) when they are first energized as compared with their static operation
due to the fact that the core is still open.The static value of the load (current) is not
reached until several milliseconds later. Not until the magnetic field is closed does the
max. permissible rated operating current Ie flow through the sensor.This means that
the threshold value for a short circuit condition in these sensors must lie significantly
higher and would, if for example the contactor is prevented for mechanical or electrical reasons from fully closing, result in an overload on the sensors.
Motion Control
This is where the overload protection comes into play. It is designed as slow-acting
(time-delayed). Its trigger threshold lies only slightly above the maximum permissible
Ie. A response (i. e. turn-off) is delayed, depending on the magnitude of the overload,
by more than 20 milliseconds. This ensures that properly working relays and contactors can be switched normally, while defective devices will not destroy the Balluff
sensor. The short circuit/overload protection is generally of a bi-stable design, which
means that it must be reset by turning off the supply voltage to the sensor.
960
Inductive sensors response curves
Axial and radial damping

When damping in an axial direction the standard target is moved concentric to the system axis. The switchpoint is thereby determined only by the distance s from the sensing face of the sensor. When damping in the radial direction, the
location of the switchpoint is additionally affected by the radial distance r of the target from the system axis.
The diagram shows the response curves, which indicate the dependency of the switchpoint on s and r.The primary
purpose of this drawing is to show the possibility of damping using a lateral approach and the difference compared with
axial approach
Application
Due in part to manufacturing tolerances within a production run, the exact switchpoint must in any case be established on
site.The solid lines represent the respective switchpoint (E), the dashed lines indicate the turn-off point (A). The red lines apply to switches with a clear zone, and the black lines for flush mount types. Since the switching operation can be induced
from either direction, the curves are shown mirrored from the system axis.
Examples
Passing objects on conveyor lines generate a signal change when their front edge crosses the turn-on curve on the entry
side. The signal reverses again when the back edge of the passing object crosses the (mirrored) turn-off curve on the opposite side. With reversing parts (e. g. limit of travel), the signal reversal occurs at the turn-off curve on the same side.
Typical approach curves

using the example of an M12 sensor with sn 2 mm
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Standard target, axial approach
Standard target, radial approach
Standard target, radial approach
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Sensor diameter (sensing face)
Sensor
The vertical axis in the diagram shows the distance of the switchpoint from the sensing face. It is referenced to the
nominal sensing distance sn. At a distance of 0.8 mm, a laterally approaching target reaches the solid line turn-on
curve at point E and leaves the turn-off curve at point A.
The horizontal axis in the diagram is referenced to the radius of the sensingface. The zero point of this axis lies in
the center of the shell core cap. In our example for the M12 switch, the radius is r = 6 mm. Example: The distance of
the turn-on and turn-off point (from the system axis) is typically E ~ 2.75 mm, A ~ 2.95 mm.
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Switching distance s
... is the distance between the standard target and the sensing
face of the proximity switch at which a signal change is generated per EN 60947-5-2.For normally open this means from
OFF to ON and for normally closed from ON to OFF.
Rated operating
distance sn
... is a theoretical value, which does not take into account manufacturing tolerances, operating temperatures, supply voltages,
etc.
Effective operating distance sr
... is the switching distance of a single proximity switch measured under specified conditions, e.g. flush mountable, rated
operating voltage Ue, temperature Ta = +23 C r5 C (0.9 sn d
sr d 1.1 sn).
Pneumatic
Useful operating
distance su
Standard target
sn
Sensing face
Electrical
Mechanical
Switching Distances
sr
110 %
... is the switching distance of a single proximity switch under

specified temperature and voltage conditions (0.81 sn d su d
1.21 sn).
90 %
su
100 %
121 %
Hydraulic
Assured operating
distance sa
Motion Control
Switching distance
identifier
81 %
... is any switching distance for which an operation of the proximity switch within the permissible operating conditions (temperatures, voltages) is guaranteed (0 d sa d 0.81 sn).
Housing
none
Switching distance
2X
standard switching distance

per IEC 60947-5-2
2x the switching distance
vs. standard
Switching distance
3X

vs. standard
Switching distance
4X

vs. standard
0%
sa
Switching distance
3 mm*
4 mm/M5*
6.5 mm...M30
3 mm*
4 mm/M5*
6.5 mm...M12
M18...M30
1 mm flush
1.5 mm flush
1.5...2x
3 mm non-flush
5 mm non-flush
2.2...3x
depending on version
*Switching distance in mm. The switching distances for these sensors are not standardized.
Repeat accuracy R
... of sr is determined at rated operating voltage Ue under the following conditions: Temperature: T = +23 C r5 CRelative humidity: d 90 % Measuring duration: t = 8 h.
Reference axis
The permissible deviation per EN 60947-5-2 is R d 0.1 sr.
Standard target
Hysteresis H
(switching hysteresis when
target is backed off)
... is given as a percentage of the effective operating distance sr. It is measured at an ambient temperature of +23
C r5 and at the rated operational voltage.
It must be less than 20% of the effective operating distance
(sr). H d 0.2 sr
Sensing face
Assured
switching
distance
962
Proximity
switch
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Installation in Metal
Sensors with standard switching distance
Sensing face
Flush mountable proximity

switches
... can be installed with their sensing

faces flush to the metal. The distance
from opposing metal surfaces must be
t 3sn and the distance between two
proximity switches (side-by-side) t2d.
Non-flush mountable
proximity switches
... can be identified by their caps,

since they have no metal housing surrounding the area of the sensing face.
The sensing face must extend t 2sn
from the metallic installation medium.
The distance from opposing metal
surfaces must be t 3sn and the distance between two adjacent proximity
switches t3d.
Sensing face
Clear zone
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Opposing installation
of 2 sensors
... requires for all inductive proximity

switches a minimum distance of t 3d
between the sensing face.
Installation medium
Ferromagnetic materials:
Iron, steel or other magnetizable materials.
Alloys:
Brass, aluminum or
other non-magnetizable
materials.
Other materials:
Plastics, electrically nonconducting materials.
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Sensors with switching distance indicator 2X
Mechanical
Flush mountable proximity

switches
... can be installed with

their sensing faces flush to the metal. Installation
in alloy may result in a reduction of the switching distance. The distance to opposing switches
must be t 3sn, and the distance between adjacent switches (side-by-side) must be t 2d.
In order to install the sensor in ferromagnetic
materials, the following guidelines are used for
dimension .
Sensing face
Pneumatic
Electrical
3-wire DC
Housing
Dimension
size d
1 mm
3 mm
1.5 mm
4 mm
1.5 mm
M5
0 mm
6.5 mm
0 mm
M8
M12
1.5 mm
M18
2.5 mm
M30
3.5 mm
For Factor 1 sensors the dimension is not needed for installation in metal.
Sensing face
Motion Control
Hydraulic
2-wire DC
Housing
Dimension
size d
M8
0 mm
M12
0 mm
0.7 mm
M18
3.5 mm
M30
Sensing face
964
Non-flush mountable
proximity switches
... can be identified by their caps, since they

have no metal housing surrounding the area of
the sensing face. The sensing face must extend
t 2sn from the metallic installation medium.
The distance from opposing metal surfaces
must be t 3sn and the distance between sensors t3d.
of 2 sensors
... requires for all inductive proximity switches a

minimum distance of t 4d between the sensing
face.
Clear zone
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Inductive sensors
Sensors with switching distance indicator 3X and 4X
Quasi-flush mountable
proximity switches
... require a space behind the sensing face which is free of conducting materials.
Under this condition the specified switching distance is available without limitation.
Dimension (see fig.) indicates the shortest distance between the sensing face and
the conductive material behind it.
Switching distance 3X
Housing
Dimension
size d
for installation in
ferromagnetic
other
materials
metals
6.5 mm,M8
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
M12
2.5 mm
2.0 mm
M18
4.0 mm
2.5 mm
M30
8.0 mm
4.0 mm
Clear zone
88 mm
Non-flush mountable
proximity switches
Housing size d
3 mm
4 mm
M5
6.5 mm
M8
M12
M18
M30
Dimension b
t 10 mm t
15 mm
t 15 mm
t 8 mm
t 8 mm
t 10 mm
t 20 mm
t 35 mm
in steel
t 25 mm
in alloy
t 20 mm
in stainless
steel
of 2 sensors
Housing size
3 mm
4 mm
M5
Dimension
for installation in
ferromagnetic
other
materials
metals
3.0 mm
2.0 mm
4.0 mm
3.0 mm
Sensing
surface
... can be identified by their caps, since they have no metal housing surrounding the
area of the sensing face. The distance from opposing metal surfaces must be t 3sn.
Installation conditions:
Dimension c
t 30 mm t
40 mm
t 40 mm
t 32 mm
t 32 mm
t 48 mm
t 72 mm
t 120 mm
Dimension e
t 10 mm t
20 mm
t 20 mm
t 8 mm
t 8 mm
t 12 mm
t 18 mm
t 30 mm
Sensing face
Clear zone
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... requires for all inductive proximity switches a minimum distance of t 5d between
the sensing faces. For exceptions see table.
Dimension a
20 mm
45 mm
45 mm
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To assure proper function, the values in the tabel below

and the figure to the right should be observed. (Fig. 1)
A
t2d
SteelFace Sensors
Sensing face
t 4d
x
Steel
x
Aluminum
x
Brass
Electrical
M8
M12
M18
3X Quasi Flush Mount
0mm
0mm
0mm
6mm
8mm
11mm
6mm
8mm
11mm
x
Stainless
Steel
5mm
7mm
10mm
M12
M18
M30
3X Non-Flush Mount
7mm
14mm
28mm
12mm
12mm
28mm
12mm
14mm
28mm
10mm
16mm
35mm
M12
M18
M30
25mm
45mm
70mm
Hydraulic
Sensor
2X Flush Mount
Pneumatic
Mechanical
When installing in metals, the values for dimension x shown in

the following table must be observed. When these guidelines
are followed, the effective switching distance Sr will deviate
less than 10%. Values are in mm. (Fig. 2)
Fig. 1
Sensing face
Fig. 2
15mm
25mm
40mm
17mm
25mm
40mm
25mm
45mm
70mm
Motion Control
Opposing Installation of Two Sensors

This configuration requires a minimum separation of
t3 Sn between the active surfaces for M8 thru M30,
2x and 3x sensors. (Fig. 3)
Reduction factors for target material
2X Flush Mount
966
Fig. 3
Steel
Aluminum
Brass
Copper
M12
M18
M30
3X Quasi Flush Mount
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
0.8...1mm
0.8...1mm
0.7...1mm
M12
M18
M30
Ferrous Only
M8
M12
M18
M30
Non-Ferrous Only
M8
M12
M18
M30
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
Stainless
Steel
0.7...0.85mm 0.85...1.3mm 0.5...0.9mm
0.7...0.85mm 0.85...1.3mm 0.5...0.8mm
0.7...0.9mm 0.9...1.2mm
0.5...1mm
1.0mm
0.7mm
0.7mm
0.8mm
0.7mm
0.7mm
1.0mm
0.7mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
0.45mm
0.25mm
0.5mm
0.7mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.0mm
1.1mm
1.1mm
1.1mm
0.9mm
0.9mm
0.9mm
Inductive sensors
Mounting Guidelines for 40x40x62 Sensor with Bracket Variations

Original = Plastic
Optional BES Q40-HW-2 = Metal
Sensing distance Sn
Bracket
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15 mm
Plastic Metal
20 mm
Plastic Metal
35 mm
Plastic Metal
40 mm
Plastic Metal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
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Basic Information and Definitions

... of inductive proximity sensors is based on the interaction

... of the Balluff proximity

... is the area through which the high-frequency sensor field

... is a square plate of Fe 360 (ISO 630), used to define sensing

.. refers to the maximum number of

Damping is per EN 60947-5-2 with

The rated value of the switching

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... is the deviation of the effective operating distance with the

Ambient temperature range Ta

Magnetic Field Immunity

Temperature Effects and Limits

Basic Information and Definitions

Basic Information and Definitions

Rated supply frequency

... of the power supply for AC devices is 50 to 60 Hz.

... is the AC voltage (peak-to-peak

Ue = rated operational voltage

Short circuit current

No-load supply current I0

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Basic Information and Definitions

PNP (+) sourcing

Basic Information and Definitions

with protection ground

with protection ground

*Pin assignments shown are based on

the U.S. standard for cable connectors

Basic Information and Definitions

... can cause a time delay

In the case of 2-wire sensors it

The ready delay time tv is the ready

This prevents all LEDs from

... of proximity switches with LED

Utilization categories Category

Parallel wiring of 2-wire

Typical load applications

Basic Information and Definitions

Polarity reversal protected

Cable break protection

Short circuit protected

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Inductive sensors response curves

Axial and radial damping

Typical approach curves

Basic Information and Definitions

Standard target, axial approach

Standard target, radial approach

Standard target, radial approach

Sensor diameter (sensing face)

Basic Information and Definitions

Effective operating distance sr

... is the switching distance of a single proximity switch under

standard switching distance

3x the switching distance

4x the switching distance

Flush mountable proximity

... can be installed with their sensing

... can be identified by their caps,

Basic Information and Definitions

... requires for all inductive proximity

Iron, steel or other magnetizable materials.

Balluff Inductive Prox Basic Info & Wiring Diagrams

Balluff Inductive Prox Basic Info & Wiring Diagrams