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Statistical Methods
13 Sampling Techniques
Based
on
materials
provided
by
Coventry
University
and
Loughborough
University
under
a
Na9onal
HE
STEM
Programme
Prac9ce
Transfer
Adopters
grant
www.statstutor.ac.uk
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
Workshop outline
We will consider:
qSampling techniques:
Non-random
Random
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Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
Sample surveys
Subjects included in a study can be selected using
either:
q A non-random sampling approach, or
q A random sampling approach
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Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
Non-random sampling
q Types:
Self-selecting samples
Convenience samples
Judgemental samples
Quota sampling: The interviewer has been given
quotas to fill from specified subgroups of the
population, e.g. 20 women 20-30 years old
www.statstutor.ac.uk
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
Random sampling
Requires:
q Random sampling method
q Random number generation
q Sampling frame
www.statstutor.ac.uk
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
q Or use Excel:
E.g. =randbetween(1,200) generates a
random number between 1 and 200
www.statstutor.ac.uk
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
Sampling frame
q A list of subjects from which a sample of
subjects is selected
q Examples:
Map
Census database
Employee database
Telephone directory
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Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
Population (000s)
Male
0-4
830
5-9
1005
10-14 1016
15-19
929
20-29 1993
30-49 2744
50+
1882
Total 10399
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Sample
Female
Total
772
945
958
885
1895
2635
1618
9708
1602
1950
1974
1814
3888
5379
3500
20107
41
50
51
46
99
137
94
518
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
38
47
48
44
94
131
80
482
79
97
99
90
193
268
174
1000
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99 100
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
q Stratified sampling:
Sample more representative
Good information on subgroups
www.statstutor.ac.uk
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University
Recap
q Random sampling reduces bias
q Random sampling requires:
A random sampling method
Random number generation
A sampling frame
www.statstutor.ac.uk
Peter
Samuels
Birmingham
City
University