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SCHOOL OF LAW

LEGAL METHOD
PROJECT FILE
MUNICIPAL LAW
&
INTERNATIONAL LAW
SUBMITTED BY:-

SUBMITTED TO:-

AKASH

Ms.K.K.GEETHA

15GSOL102042
SEC:-A

CONTENTS
1) INTRODUCTION
a. INTERNATIONAL LAW
i. PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
ii. PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
iii. SUPRANATIONAL LAW

b) MUNICIPAL LAW
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

BY LAW
LAND USE
MUNICIPAL CHARTER
POLICE POWER
ORDINANCCE

2) CONCLUSION
3) REVIEW OF LTREATURE
4) BIBLOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

INTERNATIONAL LAW:The set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding


in relations between states and between nations. It serves as a framework for the practice
of stable and organized international relations. International law differs from state-based
legal systems in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens.
Much of international law is consent-based governance. This
means that a state member is not obliged to abide by this type of international law, unless
it has expressly consented to a particular course of conduct. This is an issue of state
sovereignty. However, other aspects of international law are not consent-based but still are
obligatory upon state and non-state actors such as customary international law and
peremptory norms (jus cogens).
The term "international law" can refer to three distinct legal disciplines:

Public international law:Which governs the relationship between states and


international entities. It includes these legal fields: treaty law, law of sea,
international criminal law, the laws of war or international humanitarian law,
international human rights law. Public international law (or international public
law) concerns the treaty relationships between the nations and persons which are
considered the subjects of international law.
Norms of international law have their source in either:

custom, or customary international law (consistent state practice accompanied by


opinio juris)

globally accepted standards of behavior (peremptory norms known as jus cogens or


ius cogens ).
codifications contained in conventional agreements, generally termed treaties.

Private international law:-

Which addresses the questions of which


jurisdiction may hear a case, and the law concerning which jurisdiction applies to
the issues in the case. Conflict of laws, often called "private international law" in
civil law jurisdictions is distinguished from public international law because it
governs conflicts between private persons, rather than states (or other international
bodies with standing). It concerns the questions of which jurisdiction should be
permitted to hear a legal dispute between private parties, and which jurisdiction's
law should be applied, therefore raising issues of international law. Today
corporations are increasingly capable of shifting capital and labor supply chains
across borders, as well as trading with overseas corporations. This increases the
number of disputes of an inter-state nature outside a unified legal framework, and
raises issues of the enforceability of standard practices.

Supranational law :Which concerns regional agreements where the


laws of nation states may be held inapplicable when conflicting with a
supranational legal system when that nation has a treaty obligation to a
supranational collective.
The term "international law" refers to treaty law
made in and between sovereign states. "Law" is defined as "a rule of conduct or
action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling
authority, whereas "sovereign" is defined as "supreme power or authority." Given
this contradiction, nations have at times abrogated "International Laws" in their
national interest. The term "world law" is the evolution of a system of law at the
global level representing the sovereignty of the whole. Initial steps have been taken
to evolve a system of supra-national laws, but true "world law" may await the
evolution of a legislative body of, by, and for the people.

MUNICIPAL LAW :Municipal Law is the law specific to a particular city


or county (known legally as a "municipality"), and the government bodies within
those cities or counties. This can cover a wide range of issues, including everything
from police power, zoning, education policies, and property taxes. A municipal law
has two meanings. Broadly and classically it means the laws pertaining to the
internal government of a State or nation. In its more modern and narrower

connotation it means those laws which pertain to towns, cities and villages and
their local governments.
Municipal law is the national, domestic, or internal
law of a sovereign state defined in opposition to international law. Municipal law
includes not only law at the national level, but law at the state, provincial,
territorial, regional or local levels. While, as far as the law of the state is
concerned, these may be distinct categories of law, international law is largely
uninterested in this distinction and treats them all as one. Municipal law is not the
law of the city only, but the law of the state.

Some terms in municipal law that are as fallows:-

Bylaws:
A set of rules by which a municipality conducts its business. Bylaws tend to
govern activities such as meetings, votes, record taking, and budgeting.

Land Use:
Otherwise known as zoning, land use laws govern the purposes for which land
may be used.

Municipal Charter:
A municipality's founding document. Municipal Corporation:
The legal structure assigned to a municipality which allows it to buy and sell
property, and sue or be sued.

Police Power:
The legal term for the ability to use police to regulate the behavior of a
municipality's residents.

Ordinance:
The technical term for the "law" issued by a municipality.

CONCLUSION
INTERNATIONAL LAW :
1) International law is concerned with the rights and duties of States in their
relations with each other and with international organisations and
individuals.
2) Adopted by states as a common rule of actions among themselves.

3) Derived from customs and traditions general principles including treaties.

4) Governs the relationship between and among States, individuals and


international organisations .

5) Produces collective liability in case of violations and sanctions are for the state
itself.

MUNICIPAL LAW :
1) Domestic (municipal or national) law, the law within a State, is
concerned with the rights and duties of legal persons within the
State.
2) Issued by a particular political superior for the observance of those
under the authority within a state.

3) Enactment from the law-making body .


4) Governs the relationship between the individuals and the state.
5) If there is a violation of a municipal law, the aggrieved party will
avail administrative and judicial processes within the state. Entails
individual liability.

BIBLOGEAPHY
Prof. Nomita Aggarwal, Publisher-central law publications,
10th edition, kinds of law
Prof. S.N.Dhyani, Publisher-central law agency,13th edition,
Law & its kinds

REVIEW OF LITRATURE
PROF. NOMITA AGGRAWAL, JURISPRUDENCE (Legal
Theory),10th edition
This book is really helpful for understanding the international and municipal law. Firstly
international law is a body of rules which was regarded by the civilized states as binding in
their relationship with other states. It arises primarily in the form of treaties and
conventions. And secondly municipal is the law within a State, is concerned with the rights
and duties of legal persons within the State.

PROF. S. N. DHYANI, JURISPRUDENCE & INDIAN LEGAL


THEORY, Reprint 4th 2013 edition
International law arises primarily in the form of agreements between states and
therefore, binds the states so long as it does not affect their national interests or territorial
integrity. There are jurists like AUSTIN, HOLLAND, and DABLIN who do not regard
international law as law as it cannot be a law over and above the sovereign. Municipal
law Municipal law includes not only law at the national level, but law at the state,
provincial, territorial, regional or local levels. While, as far as the law of the state is
concerned, these may be distinct categories of law, international law is largely
uninterested in this distinction and treats them all as one.

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