>

(. 1)

""
""
(. 3)

(. 5)

(. 7)

(. 8)

(. 8)

(. 9)

(. 11)

(. 12)

(. 13)

(. 14)

(20152016)

(20152016)

, ,

- .

>>

/ :

() , :
,
, .
.

,
/ ( F).

()


( ).


.

, ,
. :
, (),
. ,
(), .
( ),
. ,
, .
, (=)
( ).

. ,
, .
, .

.

, ( )
. ,
, , .

.
,
.
,
.

, , .

.
, (
) , ,
. ,

. .

.
,
.
,
( ).
,
( ).

, , ,
()
. () .
. ( )
, , ,
. () , .
, , ,
. , , :

, .

( )

, .
, , .
, .
, , , .
, ,
. , .
, (
). ,
().

.
:

:
1 cm

F = k x

(Hooke).

2 cm

2,8 cm

1N
2N

F
=k
x

?N

1 cm
1 , 2,8 cm 2,8 .

, k
() .
,
1 cm , 2 cm
...
. .

S.I. ( ).
,
, . (; )

, :
.
, .
( .)

:


( , , ).

,
, .

...

, , .

, ( ) .
.

,
,
.

.
, ,

, .

,

,
( ).
,
.

,

, .

,
, ,
. /
.

,
,
.
,
.

,
.

.

...

, ,
, . ,
,
, ...

,
. ,
.

(...) .

...

,
. .

,
.

.
.

,

,
.

.

,
,
.

.

, , , ,

, , .
, , ( ) .
,
( , ).
, ,
.
, , ,
. H , ,
, .

.
, .
, .., , , . (
) , .

,
.
, ,
.
,
( ).

.
.
, .
, , .
, .
:

,
( ),

.
F1

, F

F2

F = F1 + F2
, .
,
. , .

,
( ),

.
, F2 F1, F

F2

F = F2 F1
, , F = 0.

F1

, .
.

,
( ), :
.

, .
,

F = F 12 + F 22

F1

F2

, ,

= F 1
F2

( F F2)

, 3 4.

,
.

.

, 3 + 4 = 7
, 4 3 = 1
, 3 2 + 4 2 N = 9 +16 N = 25 N = 5N
, " ", 3+4 7! 1 5...
""? .

, , . .

( ),
.

F
.
, F

,
, .
Fx

Fx = F F = F

,
.
, , , !
:

,

.

F3

,
( )
.

F1

F2

,
.

F1

F1

, ,

, ,
.

F3

F1x

F2

Fx F

, .
Fx, ,

( ).

Fx

.
F = F x2 + F 2


( X)

F
F X

Fx

, , .
.
Fx .
F .

( Fx = 0 F = 0),
.
( Fx = 0 F = 0),
(F = 0) .
, . ,
.

( )
.
, , , .
, , () .

;
;
, !
v=0
F = 0
=0
v0
F = 0
=0

, .
:

, .

, .

, ( = 0).

1 .

, , , .
, ( ), ... ,
, * .

, , ( ), !
( )!
,
.

1 , * :

, : !
, , ,
!
[* " "
, .
.]

;
;
, !

, .
:

v=0
F

v
F

v
F

,
,

,
,

, .

, .

, .

* , :

, .
, :
.
.
:

, ,

= F
m

2 .
* , , , ,
. , .
, , .
.

, , :

, ( ).
A .

,
.

.

.
, .

.
, .
, () .

, .
. :

,
. ,

( ).

3 .

.
.

F
(
)

(
)

, ,
. .
, .

,
. .

, .
, :
.

() 3 : =
A

, 1 :
, .
, ( ) , , : =

!

,
.
()
.

[] .

, , (m 0).
F.

:
F F ( )

F = |F F|

2 :
F = |F F| = m

:
.

m 0, F 0, . ,
|F F| 0 F F

, F = |F F| = 0, o

|F F| = 0 F = F
,
.

, :

[ 1]: .
( ).
3 , F F
: . 3 T = F = F.
F F, .

[ 2]: .
,
.
, , = F.
, F .

[ 3]: ,
( ).

,
.


,
, .

, .
:
Fx 0,
( ), x = Fx / m.
Fx = 0, x = 0.
.
, , :

Fx 0 x = Fx / m
F 0 = F / m
Fx = 0 x = 0
F = 0 = 0
F = 0 Fx = 0 F = 0 x = 0 = 0
:

, .
:
x 0,
( ), Fx = m x.
x = 0, Fx = 0.
.
, , :

x 0 Fx = m x
0 F = m
x = 0 Fx = 0
= 0 F = 0
x = 0 = 0 Fx = 0 F = 0 F = 0

...
F

F = 0
F

F = 0

, , ,
. , ( ) .
, .
, .
, , (
, ).
:
, , ( F = 0).
, (,

, F = 0).

F
F = 0
F

, , , ...

( , ).
, , F = 0 ( Fx = F = 0, ), ,
. ( )

10

, .
, , .., ,
, , .

3 ,
. , ;
.
, , ,
: .

B
.
,
.

, .
.
O .
( )
.

H , , , .
, , ,
. , . :
.
, , , /
. :
, , .
, , , , ,
, !

, , .

, m, ,
, .
2 ,
( g) :
B=mg

,

!

, :

, ( , ) ,

, g. , :
g = B / m =
, .
, g ( )

g ,
( ), g . , ,
g .

, , , ,
( ) g, ,
.
, 0.

v=gt

1
2
gt
2

, , h, t h =

t =

2h
, v = g t = g
g

2h
=
g

g2

2h
g

v =

1
2
g t
2

2gh

( t v , , ).

11

, (= ) (= ),
(=) .
, , ( ) ( ),
. :
, , .
.

( )
.
,

,
,

.

, .., , ( ).
, .
( , , , ).

A , ( )
.
, , .

. :
, : .
, .
, 1 : .
:

FN ( )
( )
F
:
FN =

,


(, ,
).

FN

,

.. F F
, :
FN + F =

FN = F

FN

F
:
FN =
Fx

FN

,

.. F F
, :
FN + F =

FN = F

: , ,
.

, ,
, .

12

,
( ).
(
), ( ) ( ).

. :


F .

, ,
( ), .

, F x = 0 = F.

, .. , ,
. , , , .

v=0

FN

(+)

(+)

/
,
.

,
. .
, , .

.
.
, .

, , , .

, ' .
.
,

!

, , .
, , .., , .
, , , .

, . :

T
FN

(): = 0,80
(): = 0,25
: = 0,53
: = 0,03

= =

= F

.
.
, .., , (
), ,
. , ,
.
,

, ,

.
F
.

,

v :

F (, ,

).
F

> ,
> , , .
( ) ().
, , .
() .
, .
, .
, , .., , .
().

, :
, :

=
>
, : <

, :

. ,
!
!

F
T

, , ( ).
( ) .
(!)
( , ).
() ( ),
.
, , , .
.., .

13

' (20152016),
( ) /
(. 101108 151159).

""

&

(. 101108) . 4
(. 151159) . 1, 2, 3, 48
(. 116)
(. 101108) . 24, 27, 29 . 6, 5
(. 101108) . 25, 26, 28, 8, 34, 18, 17, 20, 21, 32, 36, 41, 5 . 7, 9, 10, 8, 14
(. 151159) . 17, 53 . 3
(. 151159) . 5, 25, 26, 27
(. 101108) . 13, 19, 31, 35, 37, 39, 40 .15, 16, 18
(. 151159) . 22
(. 151159) . 7, 49, 9, 29, 30, 44, 46, 50 . 9, 11, 23
(. 101108) . 11, 13, 17, 12 (
-, " ")

(. 151159) . 47 . 24, 10, 8, 6, 12, 25

, / .
/
( )

1. , 0,1 kg, . ,

, 10 m/s2. 61024 kg.
, :
)
)
) ,

) .

[ : ) 1 ) 1 ) 1 ) ]

2.
.

,
)
)
3. 80 kg 50 kg ,
, 5 m. 100 .
,
)
)
) .

[ : ) 100 ) 100 ) 1,25 m/s2 2 m/s2 ]

4. ( )
.
) .
) .
) 40 km/h.
) .
) .

;
5. .
) .
, .
) .
, .
) .
) , .

6. , 3,5 kg, 14 m/s, ()

7 , .
)
) .
[ : ) 7 s ) 49 m ]

14


7. , 3 kg, , 12 m/s,
0 s () 6 .
) i. 4 s, ii. 6 s, iii. 8 s.
) 8 s.
[ : ) x1 = S1 = 32 m ) x2 = S2 = 36 m ) x3 = 32 m S3 = 40 m ]

8. M , = 0,6 = 0,8.
v
,
m = 2 kg, vo = 20 m/sec.
= 0,1
2
g = 10 m/s , :

)
) (, ),
) ,
) S ,
) t .
[ : ) = 16 ) = 8

5 N = / = 2 ) = 10 m/s

9. , m = 2 kg, ,
= 0,5.
t = 0 t = 8 s
F = 10 , ,
2
= 0,6 = 0,8. g = 10 m/s .
) t = 8 s.
) .
) .
) .

) So = 40 m ) t = 2 s ]

[ : ) v = 4 m/s ) xo = 16,4 m ) t = 8,8 s ]

10. , m = 2 kg,
, = 45.
= 0,5
g = 10 m/s2.
F,
.

v : .

[ : F = 15

2 ]

11. v = 30 m/s
S = 150 m. g = 10 m/s 2,
) ,
) ,
) , .
[ : ) 0,3 ) 10 s ) 150 m ]

15