International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematical Technologies; 2016

Vol. 1(1)

Effects of Low and High Values of Rotation Number on Plane

Inclined Slider Bearing
*Dr. Mohammad Miyan
Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics,
Shia P. G. College, University of Lucknow, Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, India -226020

Date of revised paper submission: 27th July 2016; Date of acceptance: 31st July 2016
Date of publication: 14th August 2016; *First Author / Corresponding Author; Paper ID: MT16305

Abstract
The theory of hydrodynamic lubrication for the second order rotation was derived on the expression
given by retaining the first and second power terms of rotation number in the extended generalized
Reynolds equation of hydrodynamic lubrication theory. In this paper, there are various new solutions
by the use of equations, calculated table values of pressures, load capacities and graphs for the plane
inclined slider bearings for the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication of second order rotation. The
analysis of equations for pressure and load capacity give that pressure and load capacity also
depends on the viscosity and is directly proportional to the viscosity for the constant value of M. Also
the pressure and load capacity both varies with the values of low and high values of the rotation
number M. If we take M=0 then we get the classical solutions given by Reynolds.
Keywords: Film thickness, Reynolds equation, Rotation number, Taylors number, Viscosity.
1. Introduction
The two dimensional theory of hydrodynamic lubrication (Reynolds, O.; 1886) was
first given by Osborne Reynolds. With the help of a classical experiment by Beauchamp Tower
(Reynolds, O.; 1886), he had derived a differential equation that was known as: Reynolds Equation in
the year 1886. The concept of formation and mechanism of the fluid film was analysed by this
experiment by assuming the following concepts given as:

The fluid film thickness is taken to be very small with respect to the axial and longitudinal
parameters of the fluid film.
If lubricant layer is to transmit the pressure between the shafts and bearing then the layer will
be vary the thickness of the film.

After sometimes he (Reynolds, O.; 1886) had given a modified and improved version
of the Reynolds Equation known as: Generalized Reynolds Equation that depends on viscosity,
density, film thickness, transverse and surface velocities. The rotation of the fluid film about an axis,
which lies across the film, gives few new results in lubrication problems which were derived by
Banerjee et. al ( Banerjee et.al.; 1981;1982) in the lubrication theory. The origin of rotation can be
analyzed by certain theorems related to vorticity in rotating fluid dynamics. The rotation induces a
component of vorticity in the direction of rotation of fluid film and the effects arising from it are
predominant, for large Taylors Number, it results in the streamlines becoming confined to plane
transverse to the direction of rotation of the film. (Reynolds, O. ;1886, Shaw, M.C. and Macks, E.F. ;
1949, Cameron, A. ; 1958 ;1962; 1981, Dowson, D. ;1962, Chandrasekhar, S. ;1970, Saibel, E. A. and
Macken, N.A. ;1973 ,Halling, J.;1975)
The new extended version of Generalized Reynolds Equation is called as
Extended Generalized Reynolds Equation, that takes into consideration of the effects of uniform

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematical Technologies; 2016

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rotation about the axis of rotation, which lies across the film of the fluid and also depends on the
rotation number M (Banerjee et.al.; 1981), i.e. square root of classical Taylors Number. The
generalized form of the classical hydrodynamic lubrication theory was given by (Banerjee et.al.;
1981), is called as the Rotatory Theory of Hydrodynamic Lubrication.
The First Order Rotatory Theory of Hydrodynamic Lubrication and the Second
Order Rotatory Theory of Hydrodynamic Lubrication was given by Banerjee et.al. (Banerjee et.al.;
1981) on maintaining the terms up to first and second degree terms of M respectively and neglecting
the higher order terms containing M.
The general form of lubricated slider bearing is Plane Inclined Slider. The geometry of plane inclined
slider bearing is given by figure (1).

Figure-1.1 (Geometry of plane inclined slider bearing)

The geometry shows that the gap h decreases with increasing values of y, so that the
runner has to move towards origin in the y-direction. Its velocity is U, the minimum film thickness is
ho and the minimum film thickness is hi .The position of ho is at a distance H from the origin and hi is
at a distance L from the origin. Taking n as:

n=

h iho
(1.1)
ho

The film thickness h can be expressed at any point as:

h=ho 1+

ny
(1.2)
L

h= y cot ,(1.3)
Where is the angle of inclination of the pad.

cot =

ho hi d h
= =
(1.4)
H L dy

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d h n h o hi ho
=
=
(1.5)
dy
L
L
dh
L
ho hi hiho
dy
= =
=
( 1.6)
H L LH LH

2. Governing equations
In the second order rotatory theory of hydrodynamic lubrication the Extended
Generalized Reynolds Equation, (Banerjee et.al.; 1981), is given by equation (2.1). Let us consider
the mathematical terms as follows:

M
sin (h
( M
)
2
2 )
M
M
B=cos h ( h
+ cos ( h
)
2 2 )
M
M
C=sin h ( h
+sin ( h
)
2 2 )
M
M
D=cos h (h
cos (h
)
2 2 )
A=sin h h

K=

2
M

KA P
( MB
) x
KA P
F =(
MB ) y
h
KC P
F =( )+ (
M
MB ) y
h
KC P
F =( )+(
M
MB ) x
F1=
2

F5 =

( A /D ) ( C / B )

y
x

( F 1 + F3 ) ( F 2F 4 ) UK F 5
+
=
W (2.1)
x
y
2
Where x, y and z are coordinates, U is the sliding velocity, P is the pressure, is the fluid density, is
the viscosity and W* is fluid velocity in z-direction.

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3. Boundary Conditions and Derivative Analysis
The Extended Generalized Reynolds Equation with respect to second order rotatory
theory of hydrodynamic lubrication, in ascending degree of rotation number M by maintaining the
terms containing up to second degree of M and neglecting higher degree of M, can be written as

equation (3.1). For the case of pure sliding W =0, so we have the equation as given:

( F 1 + F3 ) ( F 2F 4 ) UK F 5
+
=
(3.1)
x
y
2
Let we assume the bearing to be infinitely long in y-direction, which implies that the
variation of pressure in x-direction is very small as compared to the variation of pressure in ydirection i.e.,

P P

x
y

, then the equation (3.1 ) will be

F 3 F2 UK F5
+
=
(3.2)
x y
2
Taking the pressure distribution as the function of the coordinate along the length of the slider only,
we have P = P(y), we have

[ (

] [

{ (

d h3
17 M 2 2 h4 P d M 2 U h3
17 M 2 2 h4
1

=
1
2
2
dy 12
y
dy
2
12
1680
1680

)}]

(3.3)
For the determination of pressure the boundary conditions are:
P=0 at h=ho and P=0 at h=ho (1+n)
So we have the differential equation for the pressure will be

[ (

2 2
7
2 2
3
dP 1
1 17 M h0
3 17 M h 0
=
MU 1 h 0

h
dy 2
1680 2 h3
1680 2

(3.4)
The solution of the differential equation (11) under the boundary conditions gives the pressure for
plane inclined slider bearings by (12).

{(

n ( n+1 ) 1
L3
L
y
+
2
2
n ( n+ 1 )
n ( ny +L )
MU
P=

}
)}

2
17 M 2 2 h0 4
2n ( n+ 1 ) ( n+2)
L3
ny 2

y+

L
2
2L
1680 2
2 n(n+ 1)2
n ( ny + L )

)(

(3.5)
The load capacity for plane inclined slider bearing is given by

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematical Technologies; 2016

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0

W = P dy (3.6)
L

17 M 2 2 h04
MU L2
2
W=
3 ( n + 2n+3 )
(2 n3 +7 n2 +8 n+ 9)
2
2
12(n+1)
1680

(3.7)
4. Numerical Simulation
The calculated values of pressure and load capacity by taking the values of different mathematical
terms in C.G.S. system as taking

=0.0002, U=500,

=0.9, L=15, n=1, y =7.5,h=0.015, hi=0.02, h o=0.01

Table-1 (Calculated values of pressure and load capacity by taking the values of different
mathematical terms in C.G.S. system against low rotation number)
S. No.

0.1

234.3618400

3634.675200

0.2

234.3675975

3634.762613

0.3

234.3702624

3634.803072

0.4

234.3717100

3634.825050

0.5

234.3725829

3634.838302

0.6

234.3731494

3634.846903

0.7

234.3735378

3634.852800

0.8

234.3738156

3634.857018

0.9

234.3740212

3634.860139

10

1.0

234.3741775

3634.862573

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematical Technologies; 2016

Vol. 1(1)
Pressure Variation for Low Rotation Number
234.38
234.37
234.37
234.37
234.37
234.37
234.37
234.37
234.37
234.37
234.37
234.36

f(x) = 0x^3 - 0x^2 + 0x + 234.36

Pressure
Polynomial (Pressure)
R = 1

Polynomial (Pressure)

Polynomial (Pressure)

Polynomial (Pressure)

Figure: 4.1

Load Capacity for Low Rotation Number

3634.9
3634.85
3634.8
3634.75
3634.7

Load Capacity for Low Rotation Number

f(x) = 0x^3 - 0.02x^2 + 0.11x + 3634.59
R = 0.99
Polynomial (Load Capacity for Low Rotation Number)

3634.65
3634.6
3634.55

Polynomial (Load Capacity for Low Rotation Number)

Figure: 4.2
Table-2 (Calculated values of pressure and load capacity by taking the values of different
mathematical terms in C.G.S. system against high rotation number)
S. No.

2336.35

36236.36

4628.28

71798.40

6831.38

106011.79

8901.24

138202.20

10793.44

167695.31

12463.56

193016.80

13867.19

215892.34

14959.92

233247.60

15697.33

245208.26

10

10

16035.00

251100.00

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematical Technologies; 2016

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Pressure Variation for High Rotation Number

18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

Pressure Variation for High Rotation Number

f(x) = - 7.4x^3 + 0x^2 + 2343.75x + 0
R = 1
Polynomial (Pressure Variation for High Rotation Number)

Polynomial (Pressure Variation for High Rotation Number)

M=1 M=2 M=3 M=4 M=5 M=6 M=7 M=8 M=9 M=10

Figure: 4.3
Load Capacity for High Rotation Number
300000
250000
200000
150000

Load Capacity for High Rotation Number

f(x) = - 110.52x^3 - 18.65x^2 + 36352.48x + 53.33
R = 1
Polynomial (Load Capacity for High Rotation Number)

100000
50000

Polynomial (Load Capacity for High Rotation Number)

0
M=1 M=2 M=3 M=4 M=5 M=6 M=7 M=8 M=9 M=10

Figure: 4.4
5. DISCUSSIONS AND RESULTS
The calculated values of pressure and load capacity for plane inclined slider bearings
against the low rotation number and high rotation number M, when viscosity is taken as constant; are
given by tables and shown by graphs. Those show the variation of pressure and load capacity. With
the help of graphs the third degree polynomial variation equations of pressure and load capacity for
low rotation are as given
P=3E-05 M 3-0.000 M 2+2343 M+0.004
W=0.000 M 3-0.015 M 2+0.110 M+3634
The third degree polynomial variation equations of pressure and load capacity for high rotation are as
given
P=-7.402 M 3-0.000 M 2+2343 M+0.004
W=-110.5 M 3-128.64 M 2+36352 M+53.32

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Hence in the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication for second order rotation, the
pressure P and load capacity W for plane inclined slider bearings is directly proportional to rotation
number M, when viscosity is taken as constant. The equations of pressure and load capacity also show
that both are not independent of viscosity and slightly increase with , when M is taken as constant.
On taking (M=0) in the extended generalized Reynolds equation, we get the classical solutions given
by Reynolds.
References
1. Banerjee, M. B., Gupta, R. S. and Dwivedi, A. P., 1981; The Effects of Rotation in
Lubrication Problems, WEAR, 69, 205.
2. Banerjee, M. B., Chandra, P. and Dube, G. S., 1981; Effects of Small Rotation in Short
Journal Bearings, Nat. Acad. Sci. Letters, Vol. 4, No.9.
3. Banerjee, M. B., Dube, G. S., Banerjee, K., 1982; The Effects of Rotation in Lubrication
Problems: A New Fundamental Solutions, WEAR, 79, pp. 311-323.
4. Cameron, A., 1981; Basic Lubrication Theory, Ellis Harwood Limited, Coll. House,
Watergate, Chicester, p. 45-162.
5. Chandrasekhar, S., 1970; Hydrodynamic and Hydro magnetic Stability, Oxford University
Press, London, 83.
6. Dowson, D., 1962; A Generalized Reynolds Equations for Fluid Film Lubrication, Int. J.
Mech. Sci., 4, 159.
7. Dube, G. S. and Chatterjee, A., 1988; Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India, 58(58), I: 79.
8. Halling, J., 1975; Principles of Tribology, The Macmillan Press Ltd., London, 369.
9. Pinkus O. and Sternlicht, B., 1961; Theory of Hydrodynamic Lubrication, Mc. Graw Hill
Book Company, Inc. New York, 5-64.
10. Reynolds, O., 1886; Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Part I, 177.
11. Reynolds, O., 1886; On the Theory of Lubrication and its Application to Mr. Beauchamp
Towers Experiment, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 177 (I), 157.
12. http://ijopaar.com/files/CurrentIssue/14A16107.pdf

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