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Article 38
1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as
are submitted to it, shall apply:
a. international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly
recognized by the contesting states;
b. international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;
c. the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations;
d. subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly
qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of
law.
2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to decide a case ex aequo et bono, if
the parties agree thereto.
Article 59
The decision of the Court has no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that
particular case.
4. TREATIES
A. Treaties to which the U.S. is a party
1. Indexes
a. Print Sources
Current Treaty Index: A Cumulative Index to the U.S Slip Treaties and Agreements (Kavass &
Sprudz, annual) KZ 235.U583.1999
Guide to the U.S. Treaties in Force (Kavass & Sprudz, annual) KZ 235.G85
Treaties in Force. (U.S. G.P.O., 1944- ) KZ 235 T74
United States Treaties and Other International Agreement Cumulative Indexes: 1950-1970
(Kavass & Sprudz, 1973 with suppl.) KZ 235.U57.1975
Unpublished and Unnumbered Treaties Index (Kavass & Sprudz), 1987) KZ 235.U56
U.S. Treaty Index on CD-ROM (Hein) RESERVE KZ 235.H35
b. Electronic Sources
Treaties in Force
http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/treaties/2007/index.htm
Heinonline
http://www.heinonline.org
The Treaties and International Agreements Library offers access to Treaties in Force
2. Treaty Compilations:
a. Print Sources
Heins United States Treaties and Other International Agreements. (Kavass & Sprudz)
Microfiche Cab. 40
Treaties and Other International Acts Series.
(TIAS) U.S. Dept of State, 1946 -) Dep.TIAS 12589- KZ 235.32.U55
United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (UST) (U.S. Dept of State, 1946-)
KZ 235.3.U55
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United States Treaties of Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 17761949 (Bevans, 1968-76) KZ 235 .U57 1975
United States Statutes of Large (U.S.G.P.O., 1789-) KF 50 .U5
Unperfected Treaties of the United States of America, 1776-1976 (Witkor, 1976-)
KZ 236.1976
b. Electronic Sources
Heinonline
http://www.heinonline.org
Provides ready access to both current and historical treaty collections and indexes such as TIAS,
UST, Bevans, Malloy, Miller, ILM , and Kavass, among others
WESTLAW USTREATIES (U.S. Treaties database; see also other databases in International
Materials)
LEXIS INTLAW (International Law Library, including USTRTY (U.S. Treaties file, among
others)
3. Status of Recent Treaties
a. Print Sources
Congressional Index (Senate vol.) (CCH 1927-) REF KF 49.C6
U.S. Department of State Dispatch (formerly Department of State Bulletin ) Sup. Doc, 1990-)
KZ 231. U832
Microfiche & Online
Legislative Calendar (U.S.G.P.O., 1984 - ) Microfilm
Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications (Index of Senate Executive
Documents and Reports) U.S.G.P.O., 1951 - ) Z 1223.A18 & ONLINE
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents
(U.S.G.P.O., 1965 - ) J80.A284 microfiche
b. Electronic Sources
US Department of State-Treaty Affairs
http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/
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Environmental Treaties
http://www.ecolex.org
European Treaty Series
http://Conventions.coe.int
European Union Treaties
http://europa.eu/
International Labor Organizations Conventions and Recommendations
http://www.ilo.org
International Committee of the Red Cross: Treaty Database
http://www.icrc.org/ihl
LEXIS: INTLAW ILMTY (on Subscription)
Multilaterals Project
http://www.tufts.edu/fletcher/multilaterals.html
Organization of American States Treaties
http://www.oas.org
Text of Recently Deposited Multilateral Treaties
http://untreaty.un.org/ENGLISH/notpubl/notpubl/asp
United Nations Treaty Series
http://untreaty.un.org
WESTLAW: US TREATIES (on Subscription)
World Intellectual Property Organization Treaties
http://www.wipo.org
5. JUDICIAL AND ARBITRAL DECISIONS
a. Print Sources
Common Market Law Reports. London: Common Law Reports Ltd, 1978KJE 923.7 C66
Reports of Cases Before the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance. Luxembourg: Court
of Justice of the European Communities, 1990- KJE 924.5 R47
Reports of Judgements, Advisory Opinions and Orders of the International Court of Justice.
Leyden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1947- KZ 214 I58
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b. Electronic Sources
Courts and Tribunals
http://ww.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/specilhtm#trib
Provides links to the I.C.J., ITLOS, ITFY, ICTR, ICC and the UNAT
International Court of Justice website
http://www.icj-cij.org
WESTLAW: INT-ICJ (on Subscription)
International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes
http://www.worldbank.org/ICSID/index.html
European Court of Human Rights
http://www.echr.coe.int
European Court of Justice
http://curia.eu.int/en/index.htm
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
http://corteidh-oea-nu.or.cr/ci/
International Chamber of Commerce Court of Arbitration
http://www.iccwbo.org/index-Court asp
Permanent Court of Arbitration
http://www.pca-cpa.org
6. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS & INITIATIVES
African Union
http://www.africa-union.org
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
http://www.apecseo.org.so
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Council of Europe
http://www.coe.fr/index.asp
European Union
Europa: http://europa.eu/
Hague Conference on Private International Law
http://www.hcch.net/e/index.html
International Documents Task Force
http://govinfo.ucsd.edu/idtf/linkshtml#igo
Contains links to most international governmental and non-governmental organizations.
International Labor Organization
http://www.ilo.org
International Law Commission
http://www.un.org/law/ilc/
Mercosur
http://www.mercosur.org
North American Free Trade Agreement
http://www.nafta-sec-alena.org
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
http://www.nato.int
Organization of America States
http://www.oas.org
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
http://www.oecd.org
U.C. Berkeley Site European union internet resources
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/GSSI/eu.html#bib
UNICITRAL
http://www.uncitral.org
UNESCO
http://www.unesco.org
Unidroit
http://www.unidroit.org
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United Nations
http://www.un-org
World Bank Group
http://www.worldbank.org
World Intellectual Property Organization
http://www.wipo.org
World Trade Organization
http://www.wto.org
7. PERIODICAL INDEXES
(a)
Print Sources
Index to Legal Periodicals. New York: H.W. Wilson Co, 1994Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals. Berkeley, Ca: University of California Press for the AALL,
1960(b) On-line Sources
Heinonline [electronic resource]
Index to Legal Periodicals. New York: H.W. Wilson Co, 1994- [electronic resource]
Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals. Berkeley, Ca: University of California Press for the AALL,
1960- [electronic resource]
Jstor [ electronic resource].
Lexis> US and Canadian Law Reviews Combined11
Westlaw> Index to Legal Periodicals( ILP); Legal Resource Index (LRI); Journals and Law
Reviews Combined (JLR)
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